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BI TP IN PHN I HC-CAO NG 2007 2017

A. MT S KIN THC CN NM VNG
1, in phn nng chy:
pnc pnc pnc
2MCln 2M + nCl2 V d: 2NaCl 2Na + Cl2 ; CuCl2 Cu + Cl2
2, in phn dung dch:
a, Kim loi t Li Al (Li, K, Ba, Ca, Na, Mg, Al (liu khi bn cn nng may o)) khng tham gia in phn,
v gc axit c oxi (SO42-, NO3-) khng tham gia in phn, khi nc s tham gia in phn
Catot (cc m): cht oxi ha, ion dng v, gii phng H2,
Anot (cc dng) : cht kh, ion m v, gii phng O2,
Cht kh: b oxi ha, s oxi ha, qu trnh oxi ha, nhng e, s oxi ha tng
Cht oxi ha: b kh, s kh, qu trnh kh, nhn e, s oxi ha gim
b, Cch vit nhanh phng trnh in phn
V d 1: in phn dung dch NaCl
Na l kim loi t Li Al nn khng tham gia in phn, khi H 2O s tham gia in phn, nn phn ng cng
thm H2O; NaCl + H2O ; Na+ b ht v cc m, m cc m gii phng H2, kim loi khng in
pdd
phn to baz, nn 2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2 + Cl2
cmn
V d 2: in phn dung dch CuSO4
Gc SO42- khng tham gia in phn, khi H2O in phn, gc axit to axit nn to H2SO4, gc SO42- v
pdd
cc dng, cc dng gii phng O2 nn CuSO4 + H2O Cu + H2SO4 +1/2 O2
V d 3: in phn dung dch CuCl2
Cu sau Al v Cl khng c oxi nn tham gia in phn, nn trong phng trnh khng c cng thm nc
pdd
CuCl2 Cu + Cl2
It
C, Cng thc tnh: - S mol cht thu c in cc: s mol =
nF
Trong : I (A) l cng dng in; t (giy): thi gian in phn; F = 96500
n: s e trao i trong phn ng in cc (nu kim loi: n l ha tr ca kim loi)
It
- S mol e trao i in cc =
F
BI TP
Cu 1: (HA08) Khi in phn NaCl nng chy (in cc tr), ti catt xy ra
A. s kh ion Na+ B. s kh ion Cl- C. s oxi ho ion Cl- D. s oxi ho ion Na+
Cu 2: (C13) Sn phm thu c khi in phn dung dch KCl (in cc tr, mng ngn xp)
A. K v Cl2 B. K, H2 v Cl2 C. KOH, H2 v Cl2 D. KOH, O2 v HCl
Cu 3: (HA11) Khi in phn dung dch NaCl (cc m bng st, cc dng bng than ch, mng ngn xp):

A. cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Na+ v cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl
+
B. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Na v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Cl

C. cc m xy ra qu trnh oxi ho H2O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl

D. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh H2O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Cl
Cu 4: in phn hon ton 14,9g mui clorua nng chy ca mt kim loi kim ngi ta thu c 2,24 lt
Cl2(ktc).Kim loi l: A. Na B. K C. Rb D. Li
Cu 5: in phn hon ton 33,3g mui clorua nng chy ca mt kim loi nhm IIA ngi ta thu c 6,72 lt
Cl2(ktc).Kim loi l: A. Mg B. Ba C. Ca D. Sr
Cu 6: in phn nng chy mui clorua ca kim loi M, catot thu c 6g kim loi v anot c 3,36 lt kh (ktc)
thot ra. Mui clorua l: A. NaCl B. KCl C. CaCl2 D. BaCl2
Cu 7: (C11)in phn 500 ml dung dch CuSO 4 0,2M (in cc tr) cho n khi catot thu c 3,2 gam kim loi
th th tch kh (ktc) thu c anot: A. 3,36 lt B. 1,12 lt C. 0,56 lt D. 2,24 lt
Cu 8 : in phn (vi in cc tr) dung dch mui sunfat ca mt kim loi ha tr II vi I= 3A. Sau 1930 giy
in phn thy khi lng catot tng 1,92g. Kim loi l:
A. Cu B. Ba C. Ca D. Zn

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Cu 9: (C12) Tin hnh in phn (in cc tr) V lt dung dch CuCl 2 0,5M khi dng in phn thu c dng dch
X v 1,68 lt kh Cl2 (ktc) duy nht anot. Ton b dung dch X tc dng va vi 12,6g Fe. Gi tr ca V:
A. 0,45 B. 0,80 C. 0,60 D. 0,15
Cu 10: (HA10) in phn (vi in cc tr) mt dung dch gm NaCl v CuSO4 c cng s mol, n khi catot
xut hin bt kh th dng in phn. Trong c qu trnh in phn trn, sn phm thu c anot:
A. kh Cl2 v H2. B. kh Cl2 v O2. C. ch c kh Cl2. D. kh H2 v O2
C u 11 : (HB07) in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl (vi in cc tr, c mng ngn xp).
2-
dung dch sau in phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th iu kin ca a v b l (bit ion SO4
khng b in phn trong dung dch). A. b > 2a. B. b = 2a. C. b < 2a. D. 2b = a.
Cu 12: (HB09) in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl 2 0,1M v NaCl 0,5M (in cc
tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng in 5A trong 3860 giy. Dung dch thu c sau in phn c kh
nng ho tan m gam Al. Gi tr ln nht ca m l: A. 4,05. B. 2,70. C. 1,35. D. 5,40
Cu 1 3 : (HA10) in phn (in cc tr) dung dch X cha 0,2 mol CuSO4 v 0,12 mol NaCl bng dng in
c cng 2A. Th tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot sau 9650 giy in phn l
A. 1,344 lt. B. 2,240 lt. C. 1,792 lt. D. 2,912 lt.
Cu 14:(HA13) Tin hnh in phn dung dch cha m gam hn hp CuSO 4 v NaCl 1M (in cc tr, mng ngn
xp hiu sut 100%) n khi nc bt u b in phn c hai in cc th ngng in phn, thu c dung dch
Xv 6,72 lt kh (ktc) anot. Dung dch X ha tan ti a 20,4g Al2O3. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 23,5 B. 25,6 C. 50,4 D. 51,1
Cu 15: (C14) in phn dung dch hn hp CuSO 4 0,05 mol v NaCl bng dng in c cng khng i 2A
(in cc tr, mng ngn xp). Sau thi gian t giy th ngng in phn, thu c dung dch Y v kh hai in cc c
tng th tch l 2,24 lt (ktc). Dung dch Y ha tan ti a 0,8g MgO. Bit hiu sut in phn 100%, cc kh sinh ra
khng tan trong dung dch. Gi tr ca t l: A. 6755 B. 772 C. 8685 D. 4825
Cu 16: (HA14) in phn dung dch X cha a mol CuSO 4 v 0,2 mol KCl (in cc tr, mng ngn xp, cng
dng in khng i). Trong thi gian t giy, thu c 2,464 lt kh anot (ktc). Nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th
tng th tch kh thu c c hai in cc l 5,824 lt (ktc). Bit hiu sut in phn l 100%, cc kh sinh ra khng
tan trong dung dch. Gi tr ca a l: A. 0,15 B. 0,24 C. 0,26 D. 0,18
Cu 17:(HA11) in phn dung dch gm 7,45 gam KCl v 28,2 gam Cu(NO3)2 (in cc tr, mng ngn xp)
n khi khi lng dung dch gim i 10,75 gam th ngng in phn (gi thit lng nc bay hi khng ng k)
Tt c cc cht tan trong dung dch sau in phn l
A. KNO3 v KOH. B. KNO3, KCl v KOH. C. KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2 D. KNO3, HNO3 v Cu(NO3)2
Cu 18: (HA07) in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi in cc tr, sau mt thi gian thu c 0,32 gam Cu catt v
mt lng kh X ant. Hp th hon ton lng kh X trn vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH ( nhit thng). Sau
phn ng, nng NaOH cn li l 0,05M (gi thit th tch dung dch khng thay i). Nng ban u ca dung
dch NaOH l: A. 0,15M. B. 0,2M. C. 0,1M. D. 0,05M.
Cu 19: (HB10) in phn (vi in cc tr) 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 nng x mol/l, sau mt thi gian thu c
dung dch Y vn cn mu xanh, c khi lng gim 8 gam so vi dung dch ban u. Cho 16,8 gam bt st vo Y,
sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 12,4 gam kim loi. Gi tr ca x l
A. 1,50. B. 3,25. C. 2,25. D. 1,25.
Cu 20:(HA11) Ho tan 13,68 gam mui MSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. in phn X (vi in cc tr, cng
dng in khng i) trong thi gian t giy, c y gam kim loi M duy nht catot v 0,035 mol kh anot. Cn
nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th tng s mol kh thu c c hai in cc l 0,1245 mol. Gi tr ca y l
A. 4,788. B. 3,920. C. 1,680. D. 4,480
Cu 21:(HA12) in phn 150 ml dung dch AgNO 3 1M vi in cc tr trong thi gian t gi, cng dng in
khng i 2,68A (hiu sut in phn l 100%) thu c cht rn X, dung dch Y v kh Z. Cho 12,6g Fe vo Y, sau khi
cc phn ng kt thc thu c 14,5g hn hp kim loi v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N +5). Gi tr ca t
A. 0,8 B. 1,2 C. 1,0 D. 0,3
Cu 22: (HB13) in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi cc in cc bng than ch thu c m kg Al catot v 89,6 m3 (
ktc) hn hp kh X anot. T khi ca X so vi hiro bng 16,7. Cho 1,12 lt X (ktc) phn ng vi dung dch
Ca(OH)2 (d) thu c 1,5 gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 115,2 B. 82,8 C. 114,0 D. 104,4
Cu 23 : Sau mt thi gian in phn 200 ml dd CuSO 4 vi in cc graphit, khi lng dung dch gim 8g.
lm kt ta ht ion Cu2+ cn li trong dung dch sau in phn, cn dng 100 ml dung dch H 2S 0,5M.
Nng mol v nng phn trm ca dung dch CuSO 4 ban u ln lt l (bit khi lng ring ca dd
CuSO4 ban u l 1,25g/ml)
A. 0,75M v 9,6% B. 0,75M v 6,4% C. 0,5M v 6,4% D. 0,5M v 9,6%
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Cu 24:(PTQG 15) in phn dung dch mui MSO 4 (M l kim loi) vi in cc tr, cng dng in khng i. Sau
thi gian t giy thu c a mol kh anot. Nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th tng s mol kh thu c c hai in cc
l 2,5 a mol. Gi s hiu sut in phn l 100%, kh sinh ra khng tan trong nc . Pht biu no sau y sai?
A. Ti thi im 2t giy c bt kh catot
B. Ti thi im t giy, ion M2+ cha b in phn ht
C. Dung dch sau in phn c pH < 7
D. Khi thu c 1,8a mol kh anot th vn cha xut hin bt kh catot
Cu 25:(PTQG 16) in phn dung dch hn hp NaCl v 0,05 mol cuSO 4 bng dng in 1 chiu c cng 2A (in
cc tr, c mng ngn). Sau thi gian t giy th ngng in phn, thu c kh hai in cc c tng th tch l 2,352 lt
( ktc) v dung dch X. Dung dch X ha tan ti a 2,04g Al 2O3. Gi s hiu sut in phn l 100%, cc kh sinh ra khng
tan trong dung dch. Gi tr ca t l:
A. 9650 B. 8685 C. 7720 D. 9408
Cu 26: (MHPTQGL217) Ha tan hon ton hn hp X gm CuSO4 v KCl vo H2O thu c dung dch Y. in phn Y
(c mng ngn, in cc tr) n khi H2O bt u in phn c hai in cc th dng in phn. S mol kh thot ra
anot bng 4 ln s mol kh thot ra t catot. Phn trm khi lng ca CuSO 4 trong X.
A. 61,70% B. 44,61% C. 34,93% D. 50,63%
Cu 27: (Thi th S GDT H Ni 2017) Dung dch X cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl (2a>b). in phn (c mng
ngn, in cc tr) dung dch X n khi nc bt u in phn c hai in cc th dng in phn, thu c V lt kh
(ktc) thot ra anot. Gi tr ca V tnh theo a,b l:
A. 5,6(2a+ b) B. 11,2.(a-0,5b) C. 5,6.(a+ 2b) D. 5,6.(a-2b)

P N
1A- 2C- 3D-4B -5C 6C 7C 8A 9C- 10B 11A- 12B 13C- 14D- 15C- 16A-17D-18C-19D-
20D-21C-22D-23A-24D-25C-26B-27A
HNG DN GII
Cu 1: (HA08) Khi in phn NaCl nng chy (in cc tr), ti catt xy ra
A. s kh ion Na+ B. s kh ion Cl- C. s oxi ho ion Cl- D. s oxi ho ion Na+
Hng dn
Na Cl , catot (-) : ion Na+ v (m ht +), cht oxi ha (Na+ + 1e Na): b kh, s kh, qu trnh kh chn A
+ -

Nu hi cc anot:
Anot (+) : ion Cl- v (dng ht m), cht kh ( 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e) : b oxi ha, s oxi ha, qu trnh oxi ha chn C.

Cu 2: (C13) Sn phm thu c khi in phn dung dch KCl (in cc tr, mng ngn xp)
A. K v Cl2 B. K, H2 v Cl2 C. KOH, H2 v Cl2 D. KOH, O2 v HCl
Hng dn
K (t Li Al) khng tham gia in phn nn c s tham gia in phn ca H 2O, K+ b ht v cc m (gii phng H2)
Nn: 2KCl + 2H2O 2KOH + H2+ Cl2 chn C

Cu 3: (HA11) Khi in phn dung dch NaCl (cc m bng st, cc dng bng than ch, mng ngn xp):

A. cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Na+ v cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl
+
B. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh ion Na v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Cl

C. cc m xy ra qu trnh oxi ho H2O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh kh ion Cl

D. cc m xy ra qu trnh kh H2O v cc dng xy ra qu trnh oxi ho ion Cl
Hng dn
catot (-) Na+Cl- (H2O) a not (+)
Na+, H2O Cl-, H2O
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2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH- 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e

cc m: nc tham gia in phn cc dng: Cl- tham gia in phn

cht oxi ha: qu trnh kh H2O Cht kh: qu trnh oxi ha ion Cl-
chn D
PTP: 2NaCl + 2H2O 2NaOH + H2+ Cl2
(Na+ t Li Al khng tham gia in phn, H2O in phn, Na+ phi kt hp vi OH- to NaOH nn bn phn ng
ca nc to OH- (cch nh vit ng bn phn ng ca nc) cn nu bn anot gc axit khng tham gia in phn,m
gc axit phi kt hp vi H+ to ra axit nn bn phn ng ca H2O bn cc anot: H2O 1/2 O2 +2 H+ + 2e (2 H+
+
nn nhng 2e, c th vit 2H2O O2 + 4 H + 4e ph thuc vo cch cn bng bn phn ng)

Cu 4: in phn hon ton 14,9g mui clorua nng chy ca mt kim loi kim ngi ta thu c 2,24 lt
Cl2(ktc).Kim loi l: A. Na B. K C. Rb D. Li
Hng dn
2XCl 2X + Cl2
0,2 0,1
14,9
MXCl = = 74,5 MX = 74,5 35,5 = 39 chn B
0,2
Cu 5: in phn hon ton 33,3g mui clorua nng chy ca mt kim loi nhm IIA ngi ta thu c 6,72 lt
Cl2(ktc).Kim loi l: A. Mg B. Ba C. Ca D. Sr
Hng dn

XCl2 X + Cl2
0,3 0,3
33,3
MXCl2 = = 111 MX = 111- 71 = 40 chn C
0,3

Cu 6: in phn nng chy mui clorua ca kim loi M, catot thu c 6g kim loi v anot c 3,36 lt kh (ktc)
thot ra. Mui clorua l: A. NaCl B. KCl C. CaCl2 D. BaCl2
Hng dn
Theo p n, kim loi ch c ha tr I, v II nn gi s kim loi c ha tr I, nu ha tr I khng ng th ha tr II,
thng th ta nn gi s ha tr II trc nu ng th khng cn th ha tr I)
(Ha tr II th s mol u bng nhau, cn Ha tr I th s mol mui v kim loi gp i s mol kh)
6
Gi s kim loi c ha tr II: nKl = nCl2 = 0,15 mol MKl = = 40 (Ca) chn C
0,15
Hoc: XCl2 X + Cl2
0,15 0,15
Cu 7: (C11) in phn 500 ml dung dch CuSO4 0,2M (in cc tr) cho n khi catot thu c 3,2 gam kim loi
th th tch kh (ktc) thu c anot: A. 3,36 lt B. 1,12 lt C. 0,56 lt D. 2,24 lt
Hng dn
Cch 1:
CuSO4 + H2O Cu + 1/2O2 + H2SO4
0,05 0,05 0,025

3,2
nCu = = 0,05 mol
64

VO2 = 0,025 . 22,4 = 0,56 lt

( y s nCuSO4 ban u bng 0,1 mol m s mol CuSO 4 phn ng tnh da vo s mol Cu thu c ch 0,05 mol, nn
CuSO4 in phn cn d nn khi cho nhiu s mol ta cn da vo s mol sn phm thu c tnh s mol cc
cht cn li trong phng trnh phn ng)

Cch 2: Da vo nh lut bo ton e: s mol e nhng bng s mol e nhn

catot (-) Cu2+ + 2e Cu
0,1 0,05

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anot (+) 2H2O O2 + 4 H+ + 4e (Hoc H2O 1/2 O2 +2 H+ + 2e )
0,025 0,1 0,025 0,1

VO2 = 0,025 . 22,4 = 0,56 lt

( cc anot: gc SO42- khng tham gia in phn nn H 2O in phn nn bn phn ng bn anot l bn phn ng ca
H2O) . Gii theo cch 2 ta thy c bn cht ca qu trnh in phn.

Cu 8 : in phn (vi in cc tr) dung dch mui sunfat ca mt kim loi ha tr II vi I= 3A. Sau 1930 giy
in phn thy khi lng catot tng 1,92g. Kim loi l:
A. Cu B. Ba C. Ca D. Zn
Hng dn
Khi lng catot tng 1,92g chnh l khi lng ca kim loi thu c khi in phn, kim loi c ha tr II (n=2)

I .t 3.1930 1,92
nKL = = = 0,03 mol MKl = = 64 chn A
n.F 2.96500 0,03

Cu 9: (C12) Tin hnh in phn (in cc tr) V lt dung dch CuCl 2 0,5M khi dng in phn thu c dung dch
X v 1,68 lt kh Cl2 (ktc) duy nht anot. Ton b dung dch X tc dng va vi 12,6g Fe. Gi tr ca V:
A. 0,45 B. 0,80 C. 0,60 D. 0,15
Hng dn
pdd
CuCl2 Cu + Cl2
Cu l cht rn, Cl2 l cht kh, theo dung dch X tc dng vi Fe nn CuCl 2 ch in phn mt phn, dung dch X l
CuCl2 d
Fe + CuCl2d FeCl2 + Cu
0,225 0,225
CuCl2p Cu + Cl2
0,075 0,075
0,3
nCuCl2b = 0,225 + 0,075 = 0,3 mol VCuCl2b = = 0,6M
0,5
Cu 10: (HA10) in phn (vi in cc tr) mt dung dch gm NaCl v CuSO4 c cng s mol, n khi catot
xut hin bt kh th dng in phn. Trong c qu trnh in phn trn, sn phm thu c anot:
A. kh Cl2 v H2. B. kh Cl2 v O2. C. ch c kh Cl2. D. kh H2 v O2
Hng dn
cc catot (-) : Na+, Cu2+, H2O
Na+ khng tham gia in phn Cu2+ in phn trc, khi ht ion Cu2+, H2O mi in phn
cc anot (+) : Cl-, SO42-, H2O
SO42- khng tham gia in phn, Cl - in phn trc, khi ht ion Cl-, H2O mi in phn
V s mol ca NaCl = s mol ca CuSO 4 nn s mol ca Cu2+ = s mol ca Cl- = x mol
LBT e: s mol e nhng = s mol e nhn
Catot anot
Cu2+ + 2e Cu 2Cl - Cl2 + 2e
x
mol x mol x mol x mol
2
Theo in phn n khi catot xut hin bt kh th dng in phn, catot xut hin bt kh th phi c s in phn
ca H2O bn cc catot nn Cu2+ phi in phn ht.
Theo trn khi ion Cl - in phn ht th ion Cu 2+ mi in phn c x/2 mol m s mol Cu 2+ ban u l x mol nn s
mol Cu2+ phi tip tc in phn l x- x/2 = x/2 mol
Khi bn cc catot ion Cu 2+ tip tc in phn x/2 mol na, m bn cc anot ion Cl - in phn ht nn bn cc anot

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H2O phi in phn (v qu trnh in phn l phn ng oxi ha kh 2 in cc, nn phi c qu trnh nhng e v
nhn e)

Catot anot
Cu2+ + 2e Cu H 2O 1/2 O2 +2 H+ + 2e
x/2 x x/4 x

Vy kh thu c anot l kh Cl2 v O2

C u 11 : (HB07) in phn dung dch cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl (vi in cc tr, c mng ngn
xp). dung dch sau in phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th iu kin ca a v b l (bit ion
2-
SO4 khng b in phn trong dung dch)
A. b > 2a. B. b = 2a. C. b < 2a. D. 2b = a.
Hng dn

Dung dch sau in phn lm phenolphtalein chuyn sang mu hng th dung dch sau in phn phi c mi trng
baz, nn Cu2+ phi in phn ht v bn cc catot c s in phn H 2O
Catot (-): Cu2+, Na+, H2O Anot (+) : Cl- , SO42-, H2O

Cu2+ + 2e Cu 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e

a 2a 2a 2a

Khi Cu2+ in phn ht th cn s mol Cl - l 2a mol, bn cc catot H 2O tip tc b in phn to ra OH - th

phi cn thm ion Cl- in phn nn s mol ion Cl- phi ln hn 2a mol. Nn b >2a chn A

2H2O + 2e H2 + 2 OH- 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e

Cu 12: (HB09) in phn c mng ngn 500 ml dung dch cha hn hp gm CuCl 2 0,1M v NaCl 0,5M (in cc
tr, hiu sut in phn 100%) vi cng dng in 5A trong 3860 giy. Dung dch thu c sau in phn c kh
nng ho tan m gam Al. Gi tr ln nht ca m l: A. 4,05. B. 2,70. C. 1,35. D. 5,40
Hng dn
nCuCl2 = 0,5.0,1 = 0,05 mol ; nNaCl = 0,5.0,5= 0,25 mol
nCu2+ = 0,05 mol ; nCl- = 0,05.2 + 0,25 = 0,35 mol

Catot (-):Na+, Cu2+, H2O Anot (+) : Cl-, H2O

Na+ khng tham gia in phn
Cu2+ + 2e Cu 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
0,05 0,1 0,1 0,05 0,1

It 5.3860
Theo s mol Cl2 gii phng ra anot: nCl2 = = = 0,1 mol ( Cl2 nhng 2e nn n=2)
nF 2.96500

Khi in phn ht ion Cu2+, mi thu c nCl2 = 0,05 mol nn nCl2 cn tip tc to ra l 0,1 0,05 = 0,05 mol
Nn qu trnh in phn tip tc:

2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH- 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e

0,1 0,1 0,1 0,05 0,1

Al + OH- + H2O AlO2- + 3/2H2

0,1 0,1
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mAl = 0,1. 27 = 2,7g
( y ion Cl- ban u l 0,35 mol, ion Cl - tham gia in phn ch 0,1 + 0,1 = 0,2 mol, nn ion Cl - vn cn d,
cn t l s mol OH- v Al lun l nh nhau: 1Al cn 1OH-, nu Al2O3 c 2Al cn 2OH- nhm nhanh trc
nghim, khng cn vit phn ng)
Cu 1 3 : (HA10) in phn (in cc tr) dung dch X cha 0,2 mol CuSO4 v 0,12 mol NaCl bng dng in
c cng 2A. Th tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot sau 9650 giy in phn l
A. 1,344 lt. B. 2,240 lt. C. 1,792 lt. D. 2,912 lt.
Hng dn
nCu2+ = 0,2 mol; nCl- = 0,12 mol
Na+, SO42- khng tham gia in phn

Catot (-) : Cu2+ , Na+, H2O Anot (+) : Cl-, SO42-, H2O

Cu2+ + 2e Cu 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e

0,06 0,12 0,06 0,12 0,06 0,12

It 2.9650
Theo S mol Cu gii phng ra catot sau 9650 giy in phn: nCu = = = 0,1 mol
nF 2.96500

Khi in phn ht ion Cl- ch mi thu c 0,06 mol Cu nn Cu2+ tip tc in phn to ra 0,1 0,06 =
0,04 mol Cu na. M khi bn catot ion Cu2+ tip tc in phn th bn anot do Cl- in phn ht nn
H2O s tip tc in phn.

Cu2+ + 2e Cu H2O 1/2 O2 +2 H+ + 2e

0,08 0,04 0,02 0,08

Th tch kh (ktc) thot ra anot: V = VCl2 + VO2 =( 0,06 + 0,02) . 22,4 = 1,792 lt

Cu 14:(HA13) Tin hnh in phn dung dch cha m gam hn hp CuSO 4 v NaCl 1M (in cc tr, mng ngn
xp hiu sut 100%) n khi nc bt u b in phn c hai in cc th ngng in phn, thu c dung dch X
v 6,72 lt kh (ktc) anot. Dung dch X ha tan ti a 20,4g Al 2O3. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 23,5 B. 25,6 C. 50,4 D. 51,1
Hng dn
Dung dch X ha tan c Al2O3 dung dch X c mi trng baz hoc axit
Trng hp 1: dung dch X c mi trng baz catot c s in phn ca H 2O v theo in
phn n khi nc bt u b in phn c hai in cc th ngng in phn, chng t bn cc anot 6,72 lt kh
(ktc) anot ch l th tch ca Cl2 (H2O cha in phn) cn bn cc catot, nc in phn.
nAl2O3 = 0,2 mol; nCl2 = 0,3 mol
Na , SO42- khng tham gia in phn
+

( Hai qu trnh phi xy ra song song, phi c qu trnh nhn e v nhng e)

Catot (-) : Cu2+ , Na+, H2O Anot (+) : Cl-, SO42-, H2O

Cu2+ + 2e Cu 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e

0,1 0,2 0,2 (0,3-0,2) 0,2

2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH- 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e

0,4 0,4 0,4 0,2 0,4
- -
Al2O3 + 2OH 2AlO2 + H2O
0,2 0,4
nNaCl = nCl- = 0,2 + 0,4 = 0,6mol
nCuSO4 = nCu2+ = 0,1 mol
m = mCuSO4 + mNaCl = 0,1. 160 + 0,6 . 58,5 = 51,1g chn D.
Do c p n nn khng xt trng hp dung dch X c mi trng axit, Nu khi mi trng baz m
khng c kt qu trong p n, lc ta s xt trng hp dung dch X c mi trng axit, v khi bn
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cc anot, H2O s in phn v bn cc catot H2O cha in phn.

Cu 15: (C14) in phn dung dch hn hp CuSO4 0,05 mol v NaCl bng dng in c cng khng i 2A
(in cc tr, mng ngn xp). Sau thi gian t giy th ngng in phn, thu c dung dch Y v kh hai in cc
c tng th tch l 2,24 lt (ktc). Dung dch Y ha tan ti a 0,8g MgO. Bit hiu sut in phn 100%, cc kh sinh ra
khng tan trong dung dch. Gi tr ca t l: A. 6755 B. 772 C. 8685 D. 4825
Hng dn
nhh kh = 0,1 mol ; nMgO = 0,02 mol

Catot (-) : Cu2+ , Na+, H2O Anot (+) : Cl-, SO42-, H2O

Cu2+ + 2e Cu 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e

0,05 0,1 0,05 2y y 2y

2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH- H2O 1/2 O2 + 2 H+ + 2e

2x x 2x 0,01+x/2 ( 0,04+ 2x) ( 0,04+ 2x)
H+ + OH- H2O
2x 2x

Dung dch Y ha tan ti a 0,8g MgO : dung dch Y c mi trng axit, khi ngng in phn thu c kh c
2 in cc, chng t Cu2+ in phn ht, c s in phn ca H2O c hai in cc, v do dung dch Y c mi trng
axit nn H+ s d
MgO + 2Hd+ Mg2+ + H2O
0,02 0,04
nhh kh = 0,1 mol x + y + 0,01 + x/2 = 0,1 3x + 2y = 0,18 (1)
Theo LBT e: 0,1 + 2x = 2y + 0,04+ 2x y = 0,03 thay vo (1) x = 0,04
s mol e nhn = 0,1 + 2x = 0,1+ 2.0,04 = 0,18
It 0,18.96500
nenhn = t= = 8685 giy
F 2
( Do khng cho s mol ca Cl- bng bao nhiu, nn ta khng chia tng giai on nh cch gii ca cc bi tp trn
c, ta ch bit bn cc catot c s in phn ca ion Cu 2+ v H2O, bn cc anot c s in phn ca ion Cl- v H2O
Nhng khi gii xong,bn cht ca bi ton l: ta c s mol ca Cl - = 0,06, khi ion Cl- in phn ht th ion Cu2+ mi
in phn 0,03 mol, bn cc catot ion Cu2+ tip tc in phn 0,02 mol na th bn cc anot H2O in phn, khi ht ion
Cu2+ bn cc catot nc tip tc in phn th bn anot nc cng tip tc in phn (qu trnh in phn ca H 2O 2 in
cc) cho n t = 8685 giy th ngng in phn. )
Anot ( +): 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e catot: Cu2+ + 2e Cu
0,06 0,03 0,06 0,03 0,06
nCu2+ cn li = 0,05 0,03 = 0,02
Tip tc
H2O 1/2 O2 + 2 H+ + 2e Cu2+ + 2e Cu
0,01 0,04 0,04 0,02 0,04
Tip tc
H2O 1/2 O2 + 2 H+ + 2e 2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH-

Cu 16: (HA14) in phn dung dch X cha a mol CuSO 4 v 0,2 mol KCl (in cc tr, mng ngn xp, cng
dng in khng i). Trong thi gian t giy, thu c 2,464 lt kh anot (ktc). Nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th
tng th tch kh thu c c hai in cc l 5,824 lt (ktc). Bit hiu sut in phn l 100%, cc kh sinh ra khng
tan trong dung dch. Gi tr ca a l: A. 0,15 B. 0,24 C. 0,26 D. 0,18
Hng dn
Trong thi gian t giy, nkh anot = 0,11 mol; trong thi gian 2t giy, nkh 2 cc = 0,26 mol

Catot (-) : Cu2+ , K+, H2O Anot (+) : Cl-, SO42-, H2O

Xt trong thi gian t giy

Cu2+ + 2e Cu 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e

0,2 0,1 0,2
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Khi in phn ht ion Cl- ch thu c 0,1 mol kh anot, m theo trong thi gian t giy, thu c 0,11 mol
kh, nn s mol kh cn li = 0,11 0,1 = 0,01 chnh l s mol O2 do khi ht ion Cl-, H2O tip tc in phn
H2O 1/2 O2 + 2 H+ + 2e
0,01 0,04
s mol e nhng trong thi gian t giy = 0,2 + 0,04 = 0,24 mol
s mol e nhng trong thi gian 2t giy = 0,24. 2 = 0,48 mol
Xt trong thi gian 2t giy

Kh thu c c 2 in cc = 0,26 mol, chng t bn cc catot c s in phn ca H2O

Cu2+ + 2e Cu 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e

a mol 2a 0,2 0,1 0,2

2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH- H2O 1/2 O2 + 2 H+ + 2e

0,18 0,09 x 4x

ne nhng = 0,2 + 4x = 0,48 x = 0,07 mol nH2 = 0,26 nCl2 nO2 = 0,09 mol

ne nhn = ne nhng = 0,48 mol

2a + 0,18 = 0,48 a = 0,15 mol

Cu 17:(HA11) in phn dung dch gm 7,45 gam KCl v 28,2 gam Cu(NO3)2 (in cc tr, mng ngn xp)
n khi khi lng dung dch gim i 10,75 gam th ngng in phn (gi thit lng nc bay hi khng ng k).
Tt c cc cht tan trong dung dch sau in phn l
A. KNO3 v KOH. B. KNO3, KCl v KOH.
C. KNO3 v Cu(NO3)2. D. KNO3, HNO3 v Cu(NO3)2
Hng dn
nKCl = 0,1 mol; nCu(NO3)2= 0,15 mol

Catot (-) : Cu2+ , K+, H2O Anot (+) : Cl-, NO3-, H2O

Cu2+ + 2e Cu 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e

0,05 0,1 0,05 0,1 0,05 0,1
p dng nh lut bo ton e: s mol e do ion Cl- nhng bng s mol e do Cu2+ nhn
Khi lng dung dch gim chnh l do to ra Cu v Cl2, khi in phn ht 0,1 mol ion Cl- th ion Cu2+
mi in phn c 0,05 mol , khi khi lng dung dch gim = mCl2 + mCu = 0,05.71+ 0,05.64 =
6,75g < 10,75g theo , nn bn cc catot ion Cu2+ tip tc in phn v bn cc anot H2O in phn.
nCu2+ cn li = 0,15 0,05 = 0,1 mol
Gi s ion Cu2+ in phn ht 0,1 mol
Cu2+ + 2e Cu H2O 1/2 O2 + 2 H+ + 2e
0,1 0,2 0,1 0,05 0,2
mdd gim = 6,75 + 0,1. 64 + 0,05.32 = 14,75> 10,75 cho
ion Cu2+ in phn cn d nn cc catot H 2O cha in phn, ion Cu2+ cn d , trong dung dch tn ti
ion K+ m ch c 1 gc NO 3- (v ion Cl- in phn ht to kh Cl 2) nn tn ti 2 mui Cu(NO 3)2 v KNO3,
bn cc anot c s in phn ca H2O to H+ kt hp vi gc NO3- nn dung dch c HNO3
Vy cc cht tan trong dung dch sau in phn gm: Cu(NO3)2, KNO3 v HNO3

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Cu 18: (HA07) in phn dung dch CuCl2 vi in cc tr, sau mt thi gian thu c 0,32 gam Cu catt v
mt lng kh X ant. Hp th hon ton lng kh X trn vo 200 ml dung dch NaOH ( nhit thng). Sau
phn ng, nng NaOH cn li l 0,05M (gi thit th tch dung dch khng thay i). Nng ban u ca dung
dch NaOH l: A. 0,15M. B. 0,2M. C. 0,1M. D. 0,05M.

Hng dn
pdd
CuCl2 Cu + Cl2
0,005 0,005

Cl2 + 2NaOH NaCl + NaClO + H2O

0,005 0,01
0,01
V th tch dung dch khng thay i nn VNaOH = 0,2 lt CM (NaOH p )= = 0,05M
0,2
CMNaOHb = CMNaOH p + CMNaOH cn li = 0,05 + 0,05 = 0,1M
Cu 19: (HB10) in phn (vi in cc tr) 200 ml dung dch CuSO4 nng x mol/l, sau mt thi gian thu c
dung dch Y vn cn mu xanh, c khi lng gim 8 gam so vi dung dch ban u. Cho 16,8 gam bt st vo Y,
sau khi cc phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c 12,4 gam kim loi. Gi tr ca x l
A. 1,50. B. 3,25. C. 2,25. D. 1,25

Hng dn
D u n g d c h Y v n c n m u x a n h c h n g t d u n g d c h CuSO4 ch mi in phn mt phn (cn d)
CuSO4 + H2O Cu + H2SO4 + 1/2O2
a mol a a a/2
Khi lng dung dch gim do to ra Cu v O2 nn khi lng gim 8 gam so vi dung dch ban u chnh l
khi lng ca Cu v O2.
a
64a + 32 . = 8 a = 0,1 mol
2
Dung dch Y gm H2SO4 v CuSO4 d, khi cho Fe vo dung dch Y th Fe phn ng vi H2SO4 trc, khi ht
H2SO4, Fe mi phn ng vi CuSO4 (kinh nghim v yu cu tnh CuSO4 nn chc chn CuSO4 phi phn ng
ht, Fe c th phn ng va hoc cn d, nu kim loi ch c Cu th tnh ra s mol rt l nn chc chn Fe s
cn d) nhng vi cch gii tng qut di y, ta khng cn bit Fe c d hay khng c cho s mol Fe phn ng
vi CuSO4 l b mol th s mol Fe d = s mol Fe ban u tr i s mol Fe phn ng vi H 2SO4 v CuSO4 ,nu gii
ra b= 0,2 th Fe phn ng va , cn nh hn 0,2 th Fe d.
Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2
0,1 0,1
Fe + CuSO4 Cu + FeSO4
b b b
nFeb = 0,3 mol nFe d = 0,3 (0,1 + b)
mCu + mFe d = 12,4
64b + 56 (0,3 0,1 b) = 12,4
b = 0,15 mol
Fe d 0,05 mol
0,25
nCuSO4b = a + b = 0,1 + 0,15 = 0,25 x = = 1,25M
0,2
(Hoc gi s kim loi ch c Cu nCu = 12,4: 64 = 0,19375 nFe/CuSO4 = 0,19375 nFeb = 0,1 + 0,19375 =
0,29375 < 0,3 mol cho Fe d)
Cu 20:(HA11) Ho tan 13,68 gam mui MSO4 vo nc c dung dch X. in phn X (vi in cc tr, cng
dng in khng i) trong thi gian t giy, c y gam kim loi M duy nht catot v 0,035 mol kh anot. Cn
nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th tng s mol kh thu c c hai in cc l 0,1245 mol. Gi tr ca y l
A. 4,788. B. 3,920. C. 1,680. D. 4,480
Hng dn
Trong thi gian t giy kh thu c kh anot l 0,035 mol trong thi gian 2t giy kh thu c anot l
0,035.2 = 0,07 mol
Kh thu c c hai in cc l 0,1245 mol, chng t bn cc catot c s in phn ca H 2O v ion M2+
in phn ht.
Xt qu trnh in phn trong 2t giy
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Catot (-) : M2+ , H2O Anot (+) : SO42-, H2O

M2+ + 2e M H2O 1/2 O2 + 2 H+ + 2e

x 2x x 0,07 0,28

2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH-
0,109 0,0545

nH2 = 0,1245 0,07 = 0,0545 mol

13,68
Theo LBT e c: 2x + 0,109 = 0,28 x = 0,0855 mol MMSO4= = 160 MM = 160 96 = 64
0,0855
Xt qu trnh in phn trong t giy:
Cu2+ + 2e Cu H2O 1/2 O2 + 2 H+ + 2e
0,14 0,07 0,035 0,14
y = mCu = 0,07 . 64 = 4,48g

Cu 21:(HA12) in phn 150 ml dung dch AgNO 3 1M vi in cc tr trong thi gian t gi, cng dng in
khng i 2,68A (hiu sut in phn l 100%) thu c cht rn X, dung dch Y v kh Z. Cho 12,6g Fe vo Y, sau khi
cc phn ng kt thc thu c 14,5g hn hp kim loi v kh NO (sn phm kh duy nht ca N +5). Gi tr ca t l: A.
0,8 B. 1,2 C. 1,0 D. 0,3
Hng dn
Cch 1:
2AgNO3 + H2O 2Ag + 2HNO3 + 1/2O2
x x
Trong dung dch Y: Khi cc phn ng kt thc thu c 14,5g hn hp kim loi, chng t Fe d, v dung dch Y gm
c HNO3 v dd AgNO3 d. Kh Fe d th mui thu c ch l mui Fe(II) (Fe tc dng vi HNO 3 to mui Fe (III),
Fe d tip tc phn ng vi Fe(III) to Fe(II) m Fe d sau phn ng th ton b lng Fe(III) chuyn thnh mui
Fe(II) )

nAgNO3 d = 0,15 x
nFeb = 0,225 mol
Fe Fe2+ + 2e Ag+ + 1e Ag
(0,075-0,125x) (0,15 -0,25x) ( 0,15 x) ( 0,15 x) ( 0,15 x)

4H+ + NO3- + 3e NO + 2H2O

x 0,75x
nFe d = 0,225 0,075 + 0,125x = 0,15+ 0,125x mhhkl = mFe d + mAg = 14,5
56. (0,15 + 0,125x ) + 108 . ( 0,15 x) = 14,5
x= 0,1 = nAgNO3 p = nAg
It 0,1.1.96500
nAg = t= 2,68
= 3600s = 1h
nF
Hoc mtng = 14,5 12,6 = 1,9g
Khi lng kim loi tng = khi lng Ag sinh ra khi lng Fe phn ng
108. ( 0,15 x) - 56. (0,075-0,125x) = 1,9
x= 0,1
It 0,1.1.96500
nAg = t= 2,68
= 3600s = 1h
nF

Cch 2: 2AgNO3 + H2O 2Ag + 2HNO3 + 1/2O2

x x x
dung dch Y gm: HNO3 v AgNO3 d

Fe + 2AgNO3 d Fe(NO3)2 + 2Ag

(0,075 x/2) (0,15 x) (0,15 x)

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Fe + 4HNO3 Fe(NO3)3 + NO + 2H2O
x/4 x x/4
Fed + 2Fe(NO3)3 3Fe(NO3)2
x/8 x/4

nFe p = 0,075 x/2 + x/4 + x/8 = 0,075 - x/8

nFe d = 0,225 0,075 + x/8 = (0,15 + x/8 ) mol

mhhkl = mFe d + mAg = 14,5
56. (0,15 + x/8 ) + 108 . ( 0,15 x) = 14,5
x= 0,1
It 0,1.1.96500
nAg = t= 2,68
= 3600s = 1h
nF

Cu 22: (HB13) in phn nng chy Al2O3 vi cc in cc bng than ch thu c m kg Al catot v 89,6 m3 (
ktc) hn hp kh X anot. T khi ca X so vi hiro bng 16,7. Cho 1,12 lt X (ktc) phn ng vi dung dch
Ca(OH)2 (d) thu c 1,5 gam kt ta. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l
A. 115,2 B. 82,8 C. 114,0 D. 104,4
Hng dn
m3 tng ng vi kg
M X = 16,7.2 = 33,4 mX = 33,4 .4 = 133,6 kg
nX = 4 kmol
Cho X + Ca(OH)2 d kt ta
X c kh CO2, CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
89,6 m3 = 89600 dm3 = 89600 lt
0,015.89600
nCO2/1,12lit = nCaCO3 = 0,015 mol nCO2/89,6m3 = 1,12
= 1200 mol = 1,2 kmol
Al2O3 2Al + 3/2O2
x kmol 2x 3 x /2

v cc in cc lm bng than ch nn:

C + O2 CO2
a a kmol
C + CO2 2 CO
(a 1,2) (2a 2,4)
hn hp kh X c th l CO2 : 1,2 kmol
CO : 2a 2,4
O2 d: 3 x /2 a
(ban u to a kmol CO2, CO2 cn li 1 1,2 kmol, nn CO2 to kh CO l a 1,2)
nX = 1,2 + 2a-2,4 + 3 x /2 a = 4
a + 3 x /2 = 5,2 2a + 3x = 10,4 (1)
mX = mCO2 + mCO + mO2 = 133,6
44. 1,2 + 28. (2a 2,4) + 32. (3 x /2 a) = 133,6
24a + 48x = 148 6a + 12x = 37(2)
Gii (1) v (2) x = 1,933 kmol nAl = 2x = 3,866 kmol mAl = 104,4 kg

Cu 23 : Sau mt thi gian in phn 200 ml dd CuSO 4 vi in cc graphit, khi lng dung dch gim 8g.
lm kt ta ht ion Cu2+ cn li trong dung dch sau in phn, cn dng 100 ml dung dch H 2S 0,5M.
Nng mol v nng phn trm ca dung dch CuSO 4 ban u ln lt l (bit khi lng ring ca dd
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CuSO4 ban u l 1,25g/ml)
A. 0,75M v 9,6% B. 0,75M v 6,4% C. 0,5M v 6,4% D. 0,5M v 9,6%
Hng dn
CuSO4 + H2O Cu + H2SO4 + 1/2O2
x x x/2
Khi lng dung dch gim do to Cu v O2
mCu + mO2 = 8
64x + 32.x/2 = 8
x = 0,1 mol
nH2S = 0,05 mol
CuSO4 + H2S CuS + H2SO4
0,05 0,05
0,15
nCuSO4b = 0,1 + 0,05 = 0,15 mol CM (CuSO4) = 0,2 = 0,75M
mdd CuSO4 = 1,25.200 = 250g
mCuSO4 = 0,15. 160 = 24g
24.100
%CuSO4 = = 9,6%
250
Cu 24:(PTQG 15) in phn dung dch mui MSO 4 (M l kim loi) vi in cc tr, cng dng in khng i. Sau
thi gian t giy thu c a mol kh anot. Nu thi gian in phn l 2t giy th tng s mol kh thu c c hai in cc
l 2,5 a mol. Gi s hiu sut in phn l 100%, kh sinh ra khng tan trong nc . Pht biu no sau y sai?
A. Ti thi im 2t giy c bt kh catot
B. Ti thi im t giy, ion M2+ cha b in phn ht
C. Dung dch sau in phn c pH < 7
D. Khi thu c 1,8a mol kh anot th vn cha xut hin bt kh catot
Hng dn
Ti thi im t giy: anot c a mol kh 2t giy: anot c 2a mol kh
M theo khi 2t giy tng s mol kh c 2 in cc l 2,5a mol catot gii phng 2,5a-2a = 0,5a mol kh
Nn ti thi im 2t giy c bt kh catot l mt cu ng.
Gi s mol ca MSO4 l x mol
MSO4 M2+ + SO42-
x x
Catot (-) : M2+, H2O Anot (+) : SO42- (ko in phn), H2O
Xt ti thi im 2t giy,do catot thot ra 0,5a mol kh nn ion M 2+ in phn ht v catot c H2O in phn
Catot (-) Anot (+)
2+
M + 2e M H2O 1/2O2 + 2H+ + 2e
x 2x 2a 8a
2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH-
a 0,5a
LBT e: 2x + a = 8a x = 3,5a (mol)
Xt ti thi im t giy, anot thot ra a mol kh.
M2+ + 2e M H2O 1/2O2 + 2H+ + 2e
2a 4a a 4a
Ti thi im t giy ion M2+ mi ch in phn 2a < 3,5 a
Cu B. Ti thi im t giy, ion M2+ cha b in phn ht l mt cu ng.
Cu C: Dung dch sau in phn c pH < 7 l mt cu ng v phng trnh in phn dung dch MSO 4
MSO4 + H2O M + H2SO4 + 1/2O2
To H2SO4 dung dch sau in phn c mi trng axit nn pH < 7

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Theo quy tt loi tr cu D sai. c chng minh nh sau:
Gi s ion M2+ in phn ht 3,5a mol
Catot (-) Anot (+)
M2+ + 2e M H2O 1/2O2 + 2H+ + 2e
3,5a7a 1,75a 7a
Khi ion M2+ in phn ht, s mol kh thu c anot ch 1,75a mol mun thu c 1,8a mol kh anot th bn cc anot
phi in thm 1,8a 1,75a= 0,05 mol kh. M kh bn anot in phn thu thm 0,05a mol kh th bn cc catot H 2O
in phn v s in phn phi xy ra ng thi c hai in cc.
2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH- H2O 1/2O2 + 2H+ + 2e
0,2a 0,1a 0,05a 0,2a
Vy Khi thu c 1,8a mol kh anot th bn cc catot thu c 0,1a mol kh H 2
Cu 25:(PTQG 16) in phn dung dch hn hp NaCl v 0,05 mol cuSO 4 bng dng in 1 chiu c cng 2A (in
cc tr, c mng ngn). Sau thi gian t giy th ngng in phn, thu c kh hai in cc c tng th tch l 2,352 lt
( ktc) v dung dch X. Dung dch X ha tan ti a 2,04g Al 2O3. Gi s hiu sut in phn l 100%, cc kh sinh ra khng
tan trong dung dch. Gi tr ca t l:
A. 9650 B. 8685 C. 7720 D. 9408
Hng dn: Gn ging cao ng 2014
NaCl Na+ + Cl- CuSO4 Cu2+ + SO42-
Catot(-): Na+ (ko in phn) Cu2+, H2O Anot (+): SO42- (ko in phn), Cl-, H2O
nhhkh = 0,105 mol ; nAl2O3 = 0,02 mol
Trng hp 1: Dung dch X ha tan Al2O3, gi s H+ ht, OH- d v OH- ha tan Al2O3

Gi x l s mol kh Cl2 , y l s mol kh O2 to ra

Cu2+ + 2e Cu 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
0,05 0,1 0,05 2x x 2x

2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH- H2O 1/2 O2 + 2 H+ + 2e

(4y+ 0,04) (2y+ 0,02) (4y+ 0,04) y 4y 4y
H+ + OH- H2O
4y 4y
- -
Al2O3 + 2OH d2AlO2 + H2O
0,02 0,04
nhhkh = 2y + 0,02 + x + y = 0,105 x + 3y =0,085 (1)
Theo LBTe : 0,1 + 4y + 0,04 = 2x + 4y x = 0,07 thay vo (1) y = 0,005
It 0,16.96500
S mol e nhng = 2x + 4y = 0,16 m nenhng = t= = 7720 giy
F 2
Trng hp 2: Gi s OH- ht v H+ d, H+ d ha tan Al2O3
Cu2+ + 2e Cu 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
0,05 0,1 0,05 2x x 2x

2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH- H2O 1/2 O2 + 2 H+ + 2e

2y y 2y (0,5y + 0,03) ( 2y + 0,12) (2y+ 0,12)
H+ + OH- H2O
2y 2y

Al2O3 + 6H+ 2Al3+ + 3H2O

0,02 0,12
nhhkh = y + x +0,5 y+ 0,03 = 0,105 x + 1,5y =0,075 (1)
Theo LBTe : 0,1 + 2y = 2x + 2y + 0,12 x = -0,02 (loi)
Vy p n C.

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Kinh nghim: v Al2O3 phn ng c vi c axit v bazo nhng do Al2O3 l mt oxit lng tnh nn thng
khai thc tnh cht lng tnh ca Al2O3 nn thng OH- d, nn khi lm bi xt trng hp OH- ha tan
Al2O3 trc nu c p n th chn ko cn th trng hp H+ d

Cu 26 minh ha ln 2 (2017) : Ha tan hon ton hn hp X gm CuSO4 v KCl vo H2O thu c dung dch Y. in
phn Y (c mng ngn, in cc tr) n khi H2O bt u in phn c hai in cc th dng in phn. S mol kh thot
ra anot bng 4 ln s mol kh thot ra t catot. Phn trm khi lng ca CuSO 4 trong X.
A. 61,70% B. 44,61% C. 34,93% D. 50,63%
Hng dn
CuSO4 Cu 2 SO4 2

Hn hp X (CuSO4, KCl ) + H2O dd Y KCl K Cl
H O
2
Catot (-) : Cu2+, K+ ( ko in phn), H2O Anot (+): Cl-, SO42- (ko in phn), H2O

V s mol kh thot ra anot = 4 ln s mol kh thot ra catot chng t catot c kh thot ra m catot ch c Cu 2+
tham gia in phn nn mun c kh th H2O phi in phn tao ra kh H2.M ch in phn n khi H2O bt u in
phn c hai in cc th dng in phn nn ta fi c s mol ca Cu2+ nh nhn Cl- khi Cu2+ in phn ht, bn cc
anot ion Cl- vn cha in phn ht .Khi Cl- cn d tip tc in phn th bn catot nc s in phn n khi ht ion Cl-
th dng li tc bn cc anot cha c s in phn ca H2O (in phn n khi nc bt u in phn c hai in cc
th dng in phn )

Gi x l s mol CuSO4 = s mol Cu2+

LBT e: s mol e nhng = s mol e nhn
Catot (-) : Cu2+ + 2e Cu anot (+): 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
x 2x 2x x 2x
2+ -
Cu in phn ht nhng Cl cha in phn ht nn tip tc in phn

Gi s mol Cl- cn li l y
2H2O + 2e H2 + 2OH- 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
y y /2 y y/2 y
Theo s mol kh anot = 4 ln s mol kh catot nn: x+ y/2 = 4.y/2 y= 2/3x

mX = mCuSO4 + mKCl = 160x + 74,5 ( 2x + y)

Thay y=2/3x mX = 160x + 74,5 ( 2x + 2/3x) = 358,67x (g)
160 x.100%
%CuSO4 = = 44,61%
358,67 x
Cu 27: (Thi th S GDT H Ni 2017) Dung dch X cha a mol CuSO4 v b mol NaCl (2a>b). in phn (c mng
ngn, in cc tr) dung dch X n khi nc bt u in phn c hai in cc th dng in phn, thu c V lt kh
(ktc) thot ra anot. Gi tr ca V tnh theo a,b l:
A. 5,6(2a+ b) B. 11,2.(a-0,5b) C. 5,6.(a+ 2b) D. 5,6.(a-2b)
Hng dn:
Kinh nghim lm nhanh bi ton: anot nu ko c s in phn ca H 2O th ch thu c kh Cl2, m
yu cu tnh kh thot ra anot ( ko th ch c kh Cl 2) nn chc chn c s tham gia in phn ca H2O to kh O2
m khi anot c s in phn ca H2O th bn catot H2O s ko in phn v cho in phn dung dch X n khi nc
bt u in phn c hai in cc th dng in phn nn khng c qu trnh in phn ca H2O c hai in cc
m ch mt trong hai in cc m thi.
Nn khi Cl- in phn ht th Cu2+ vn cha in phn ht. Cu2+ tip tc in phn th bn cc anot H2O s in phn
n khi Cu2+ va ht th dng in phn.

Catot(-): Cu2+, Na+ (ko in phn), H2O Anot(+) : SO42- (ko in phn), Cl-
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Cu2+ + 2e Cu 2Cl- Cl2 + 2e
b/2 b b b/2 b

Cu2+ + 2e Cu H2O 1/2 O2 + 2H+ + 2e

(a-b/2) 2(a-b/2) 0,5(a-b/2) 2(a-b/2)
S mol kh anot = b/2 + 0,5 (a-b/2) = 0,25 (2a +b) V = 22,4 . 0,25. (2a+ b) = 5,6 (2a + b) lt
p n A.

Bi tp in phn l mt dng ton kh trong thi, mong ti liu ny s gip

ch c nhiu cho cc em, chc cc em c mt k thi tt nghip trung hc ph
thng t kt qu tht cao!

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