You are on page 1of 55

NAMING COMPOUNDS AND

WRITING FORMULAS
PERIODIC TABLE
More than a list of elements.
Put in columns because of similar properties.
Each column is called a group.
REPRESENTATIVE ELEMENTS
1A 0
2A 5A 7A
3A 4A 6A
The group A elements
METALS
TRANSITION METALS
The Group B elements
NON-METALS
METALLOIDS OR SEMIMETALS
ATOMS AND IONS
ATOMS
Atoms are electrically neutral.
Same number of protons and electrons.
IONS
Ions are atoms, or groups of atoms, with a charge.
Different numbers of protons and electrons.
Only electrons can move.
Gain or lose electrons.
ANION CATIONS
A negative ion. Positive ions.
Has gained electrons. Formed by losing electrons.
Non metals can gain electrons. More protons than electrons.
Charge is written as a super script
on the right. Metals form cations.

F-1
Has gained one electron K+1 Has lost one electron

O-2 +2
Has gained two electrons Ca Has lost two electrons
COMPOUNDS
Follow the Law of Definite Proportion.
Have a constant composition.
Have to add the same number of atoms every
time.
Two types
Ionic Compounds and Molecular Compounds
IONIC COMPOUNDS
Made of cations and anions.
METALS and NONMETALS.
The electrons lost by the cation are gained by the
anion.
The cation and anions surround each other.
A EMPIRICAL FORMULA is the lowest whole number
ratio of ions in an ionic compound.
i.e. Na2Cl2 -> NaCl
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
Made by joining nonmetal atoms together into
molecules.(covalent bonds)
Made of molecules.
shows the numbers and kinds of atoms
present in a molecule of a compound.
i. e. CO
TWO TYPES OF COMPOUNDS
Ionic Molecular
Smallest
Empirical Molecule
piece
Types of Metal and
Nonmetals
elements Nonmetal
Solid, liquid or
State solid
gas
Melting
High >300C Low <300C
Point
NAMING IONS: CATION AND
ANION
COMMON OXIDATION NUMBER
Group IA : +1 charge
Group IIA: +2 charge
Group IIIA: only Al 3+ charge
Group VIIA: -1 charge
Group VIA: -2 charge
Group VA: only N and P -3 charge.
NAMING CATIONS
We will use the systematic way.
CATION- if the charge is always the same (Group A)
just write the name of the metal.

Na
+1 Sodium ion

Ca
+2 Calcium ion

Al
+3 Aluminum ion
NAMING CATIONS: TRANSITION METALS
Transition metals can have more than one
type of charge. Indicate the charge with
roman numerals in parenthesis.
Fe
+3 Iron (III) ion

Fe
+2 Iron (II) ion
WRITE FORMULAS FOR THESE
Magnesium ion Mg + 2
Copper (II) ion Cu + 2
Chromium (VI) ion Cr + 4
Barium ion Ba + 2
Mercury (II) ion Hg + 2
NAMING ANIONS
Anions are always the same.
Change the element ending to ide
-1
F Fluoride ion
-1
Cl Chloride ion
-3
N Nitride ion
NAMING POLYATOMIC IONS
Groups of atoms that stay together and have
a charge.
Acetate C2H3O2-1
Nitrate NO
-1
3

Nitrite NO2
-1

Hydroxide OH
-1

Permanganate MnO4
-1
Cyanide CN
- 1
WRITING CHEMICAL FORMULAS
Criss-cross method or neutral net charge
CRISS-CROSS METHOD
Use the size of the charges on the two ions to get
the subscript numbers for the formula:
NEUTRAL CHARGE

1. Cation always comes before the


symbol of the anion. Fe3+ & Cl-
2. Sum of the positive charges on
the cation must equal the sum
of the negative charges on the
Fe 3+ =3+
anions so that the formula of the
compound is electrically neutral.
3. Whole numbers, writes as
Cl-Cl-Cl- = 3-
subscripts indicate the number
of each ion in the formula unit. ---------------------
4. The smallest set of numbers
must be used.
FeCl3= 0 net charge
NAMING IONIC COMPOUNDS

IONS IN IONIC COMPOUNDS


CASE 1: Consisting of a Group A
METAL and a NONMETAL
CASE 1: Consisting of a Group A
METAL and a NONMETAL

Stem of
Name of Nonmetal Example

METAL (anion) NaBr- Sodium bromide


CaS-Calcium sulfide
(cation) plus ide Al203 Aluminum Oxide

ending
CASE 1: Consisting of a Group A
METAL and a NONMETAL
1.
+ -
Na Cl =NaCl Sodium chloride
-
2. Mg+2 Br =MgBr2 Magnesium bromide
3. Na+1 Br-1=NaBr Sodium bromide
4. Mg +2 F-1=MgF2 Magnesium fluoride
5. Al+2 S-3=Al2S3 Aluminum sulfide
CASE 1: Consisting of a Group A
METAL and a NONMETAL
1. Potassium Chloride K+Cl- -> KCl
2. Aluminum Oxide Al23+O32- -> Al2O3
3. Magnesium oxide Mg + 2 O -2 -> MgO
4. Magnesium nitride Mg +2 N -3 -> Mg3N2
5. Sodium sulfide Na +1 S-2 -> Na2S
CASE 2: Consisting of a TRANSITION METAL
(GROUP B) of a variable oxidation
number and a NONMETAL
Two ways:
1. Stock system, the oxidation number of the metal is written in
Roman numerals inside a parenthesis.

Stem of Example
Transition metal nonmetal plus Fe +2 Cl- > FeCl
2
(oxidation number)
ide ending
Iron (II) Chloride
NAME AND WRITE THE FF COMPOUNDS
1. Cu+ Cl- =CuCl Copper (I) chloride
2. Fe2+ Cl- =FeCl2 Iron (II) chloride
3. Fe3+ Cl- =FeCl3 Iron (III) chloride
4. AuCl3 Gold (III) chloride
5. Mn3P2 Manganese (II) phosphide
6. Lead (II) iodide PbI2
7. Iron (II) sulfide FeS
8. Chromium (III) chloride CrCl3
9. Tin (IV) oxide SnO2
10. Platinum (IV) fluoride PtF4
copper (II) oxide CuO
manganese(III) selenide Mn2Se3
copper (I) oxide Cu2O
nickel (II) iodide NiI2
tin (IV) sulfide SnS2
cobalt (II) sulfide CoS
iron (II) nitride Fe3N2
mercury (II) chloride HgCl2
mercury (I) oxide Hg2O
tin (II) oxide SnO
CASE 2: Consisting of a TRANSITION METAL
(GROUP B) of a variable oxidation
number and a NONMETAL
Two ways:
2. Classical system, the endings-ous in the metal ion
correspond to the lower oxidation and ic in the metal ion
corresponds to higher oxidation number.

Stem of Example
Transition metal nonmetal plus FeCl2 Ferrous Chloride
(usually Latin-ous, ic)
ide ending FeCl3 Ferric Chloride
NAME AND WRITE THE FF COMPOUNDS

STOCK SYSTEM CLASSICAL SYSTEM


Cu2O Copper (I) Oxide Cuprous Oxide
CuO Copper (II) Oxide Cupric Oxide
Pb3N4 Lead (IV) Nitride Plumbic nitride
AuN Gold (I) nitride Aurous Nitride
FeCl2 Iron (II) chloride Ferrous chloride
PbS2 Lead(II) sulfide Plumbous sulfide
CASE 3: Consisting of a Group A Metal and
Polyatomic Ion

Name of Example:
Name of Polyatomic Na2Po4
metal Ion Sodium Phosphate
NAME AND WRITE THE FORMULA OF
THE FF COMPOUNDS
Ca2+CO32- >CaCO3 Calcium Carbonate
Ca2+ NO3- >Ca(NO3)2 Calcium Nitrate
Mg +2 (ClO3)-1 = Mg (ClO3)2 Magnesium chlorate
lithium phosphate Li +1 (PO4 )-1 =Li3PO4
Gallium nitrite Ga +3 (NO2) -1 = Ga(NO2)3
CASE 4: Consisting of a Transition Metal
and Polyatomic Ion
Two ways:
1. Stock system, the oxidation number of the metal is written in
Roman numerals inside a parenthesis.

Example
Transition metal Name of Fe +3 (SO4)-2 > Fe
2(SO4)3
(oxidation number) polyatomic ion
Iron (III) Sulfate
CASE 4: Consisting of a Transition Metal and
Polyatomic Ion
Fe +2 (So4) -2= Fe So4 Iron (II) sulfate
Cu +2 So3 -2 = CuSo3 Copper (II) sulfite
Fe +2 (PO4) -3=Fe3(PO4)2 Iron (II) phosphate
CASE 4: Consisting of a Transition Metal
and Polyatomic Ion
Two ways:
2. Classical system, the endings-ous in the metal ion
correspond to the lower oxidation and ic in the metal ion
corresponds to higher oxidation number.

Example
Transition metal Name of Fe2(SO4)3 Ferric sulfate
usually Latin-ous, ic Polyatomic ion
Fe2(SO4)2 Ferrous sulfate
CASE 4: Consisting of a Transition Metal and
Polyatomic Ion

1. Cu2S cuprous sulfide


2. PbO2 plumbic oxide
THINGS TO LOOK FOR
If cations have (), the number is their
charge.
If anions end in -ide they are probably off
the periodic table (Monoatomic)
If anion ends in -ate or -ite it is polyatomic
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS PREFIXES
1 mono-
Naming binary covalent compounds is similar to 2 di-
naming binary ionic compounds.
However, Greek prefixes are used to denote the 3 tri-
number of atoms present in a molecule of a 4 tetra-
compound.
5 penta-
6 hexa-
7 hepta-
8 octa-
9 nona-
10 deca-
PREFIXES
1 mono-
MOLECULAR COMPOUNDS
2 di-
3 tri-
4 tetra-
5 penta-
6 hexa-
One exception is we dont write mono- if there is only one of the first element.
7 hepta-
CO Carbon monoxide 8 octa-
9 nona-
NO2 Nitrogen dioxide 10 deca-
No double vowels when writing names (oa, oo).

N2O4 Dinitrogen tetroxide


NAME AND WRITE THE FORMULA
OF THE FF:
N 2O Dinitrogen Oxide
NO2 Nitrogen dioxide
CO2 Carbon Dioxide
P 2O 5 Diphosporous pentoxide
Boron triflouride BF3
Dinitrogen monoxide N 20
WRITE FORMULAS FOR THESE
1. diphosphorus pentoxide P 2O 5
2. tetraiodide monoxide I 4O
3. sulfur hexaflouride SF6
4. nitrogen trioxide NO3
5. Carbon tetrahydride CH4
6. phosphorus trifluoride PF3
7. aluminum chloride AlCl
ACIDS
Writing names and Formulas
ACIDS
Compounds that give off hydrogen ions
when dissolved in water.
Must have H in them.
will always be some H next to an anion.
The anion determines the name.
NAMING BINARY ACIDS
If the anion attached to hydrogen is ends in -
ide, put the prefix hydro- and change -ide to -ic
acid
HCl - hydrogen ion and chloride ion
hydrochloric acid
H2S hydrogen ion and sulfide ion
hydrosulfuric acid
NAMING TERNARY (POLYATOMIC
ATOMS) ACIDS
If the anion has oxygen in it and it ends in
-ate of -ite
change the suffix -ate to -ic acid
ex. HNO3=Hydrogen and nitrate ion
Nitric Acid
change the suffix -ite to -ous acid
Ex. HNO2= Hydrogen and nitrite ions
Nitrous acid
NAME THESE
Carbonic acid
Phosphoric acid
Chloric acid
Sulfuric acid
Nitric acid
Sulfurous acid
Arsenous acid
Hypophosphorous
acid
Percrombic acid
Hypoiodous acid
WRITING FORMULAS
Hydrogen will always be first
name will tell you the anion
make the charges cancel out.
Starts with hydro- no oxygen, -ide
no hydro, -ate comes from -ic, -ite comes
from -ous

You might also like