CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY UID: 16BCS2994

PRACTICAL: I
AIM:

Introduction to Linux and steps to install Ubuntu.

Requirements:

Hardware: Mouse, Keyboard, Monitor, CPU

Software: Installation files of Redhat and Ubuntu Linux.

Theory:

Introduction to linux:
Linux is a Unix- like computer operating system assembled under the model
of free and open-source software development and distribution. The defining
component of Linux is the Linux kernel, and kernel first released on September 17,
1991 by Torvalds. Linux was originally developed for personal computers based on
the Intel x86 architecture, but has since been ported to more platforms than any
other operating system
Advantages of linux:
1. It is free to use.
2. Free from Malwares.
3. Very stable.
4. Does not slow down over time.
Versions of linux:
1. Redhat linux
2. Ubuntu linux
3. Fedora
4. Kali linux

Installation steps to install Ubuntu:

1. First download the Ubuntu 16.04 distribution ISO image on your current operating
system.
2. Then prepare a bootable flash drive using Rufus software.

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 CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY UID: 16BCS2994

3. After the shut down the system and open the BIOS/UEFI to boot from the USB device by
pressing function key as per our system. A GRUB screen will appear once the media boot
up.
4. Select the Install Ubuntu button.

Fig 1: GRUB Screen

5. Once the boot media finishes loading, a functional Ubuntu system will show up. Select
the language to English and continue.

Fig 2: Choose language

6. Leave the options unchecked and proceed further.

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING

 CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY UID: 16BCS2994

Fig 3: Updates Screen

7. Next we will see two options. Select the Install Ubuntu alongside with Windows Boot
Manager to dual boot our system.

Fig 4: Installation type

8. Then we will create partition for Ubuntu 16.04. We create two partitions: one for Root and
other for Home accounts data and no partition for swap.
To create first partition select the free space and press + button. Click OK.
The settings should be:
Size = at least 20000 MB
Type for the new partition = Primary
Location for the new partition = Beginning
Use as = EXT4 journaling file system
Mount point = /

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 CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY UID: 16BCS2994

Fig 5: Root partitioning

Fig 6: Selecting type of memory

9. Same steps are to be followed for creating the Home partition. The settings should be as
follows:
Size = all remaining free space
Type for the new partition = Primary
Location for the new partition = Beginning
Use as = EXT4 journaling file system
Mount point = /home

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING

 CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY UID: 16BCS2994

Fig 7: Home partitioning

10. Once finished, we have to hit the Install Now button to start the installation.

Fig 8: Something else screen

11. A popup window will appear to alert about the swap area. Continue button is to be
pressed.

Fig 9: Swap area

DEPARTMENT OF COMPUTER SCIENCE ENGINEERING

 CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY UID: 16BCS2994

Fig 10: Prompt

12. Next we have to adjust the location of our system by selecting the area from the map.
And then press Continue.

Fig 11: Location customization

13. Then we select the keyboard layout and press Continue.

Fig 12: Keyboard layout

14. Then we have to configure the username and password for our system and then Continue
button.

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 CHANDIGARH UNIVERSITY UID: 16BCS2994

Fig 13: Configuring Username and Password

Fig 14: Installation Ongoing

15. After the installation process finishes, press the Restart Now button. The system will
reboot to GRUB menu where we have to select which window to use: either Ubuntu
16.04 or Windows 10.

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Fig 14: Restart Now option

Fig 15: Run Ubuntu

16. After Ubuntu loads, login must be done with the credentials.

Fig 16: Enter Credentials

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Fig 17: Specifications

17. Therefore the process was completed successfully.

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