Brisbane SPE Section

13th May 2015

http://www.spe-qld.org/
 Safety Briefing
Safety Moment Gladys Chang (QGC)
Recognition of Sponsors
SPE Competency Management Tool Mark Stone (DNRM)
Committee Members
Upcoming Talks & SPE QLD Webpage
Lunch is Served around 12.30pm
Todays Talk Hydrocarbon pressure, free water levels, gas-water
contacts and how they link to capillary pressure. Why should I care?
Q&A
Close around 1.45pm
Brisbane SPE Section
 Restrooms

Beep Beep
Warning tone

Whoop Whoop -
Evacuate

First Aid

4
Brisbane SPE Section
11th March 2015
Gladys Chang (QGC)
Well Tests
(DSTs, IFOTs)

Geo modellers
Drilling Engineers
Field Personnel

Well Logs

Core data
Pipeline Engineers
Geo mechanics Field Personnel
 SPE Gold Sponsor - Weatherford

SPE Silver Sponsor Santos

SPE Bronze Sponsor Baker Hughes

Other Sponsors Schlumberger, Senex and Sigra

SPE Competency Management Tool
(CMT)

Project Update, Fall 2014

9
11.2 Introduction
Drivers:
Need for trained professionals rising with energy demand
O&G industry losing experienced professionals to big crew-
change
Limited number of graduating Engineers and Geoscientists

How is the oil industry coping with these drivers?

Hiring non-petroleum engineering graduates
Emphasizing training and development
Looking for ways to accelerate competency development
10
11.2 Board Guidance on SPE Role

Broaden training program to cover courses for all

career stages

Offer a service where members can assess their own

competencies, understand the gaps and engage in
personal development through a self-paced learning
program

CMT called for by the SPE Board Work Group on

Lifelong Learning

11
11.2 SPEs CMT Strategy

Help O&G industry address critical Talent Gap in a

way that will:
Empower individual SPE members to do self assessments

Identify gaps

Develop a self-paced learning and development plan

Leverage multiple training resources (Training Programs, SPE

Books and Monographs, Technical Papers, Workshops, and
Technical Conferences, SEG, etc.)

12
11.2 CMT Pilot Summary

SPE considered three types of companies; Operating Co.s,

Service Co.s, and EPC contractors; together they represent
thousands of petro-technical jobs

The focus of the CMT Pilot phase is Operating Co.s:

Scope limited to two career stages: Independent Contributor and
First-level Supervisor
Defined technical jobs covering a broad spectrum:
Partner with IHRDC; a reputable company with capability to deliver
SPEs strategy

Pilot has been tested by SPE and now free to members 13

11.2 CMT Pilot Summary

6
Disciplines

22
Job Titles

199
Competency Units

1,269
Training Resources

14
11.2 SPE CM Tool Access
The SPE Competency
Management Tool is free to
members

15
11.2 SPE CM Tool Access
The SPE Competency
Management Tool is free to
members

Access is through
the SPE Member
Site
Provides Single-
sign on access to
members

16
11.2 SPE CM Tool Self-Assessment
Member reviews
disciplines
Selects job title most
closely aligned with their
own

17
11.2 SPE CM Tool Self-Assessment
Member reviews disciplines
Selects job title most closely aligned
with their own

Member progresses through a

self-assessment
Assesses their skills against
defined competency levels

18
11.2 SPE CM Tool Self-Assessment
Clear description of knowledge
and competence

Self assesses their knowledge

against the competency level

19
11.2 SPE CM Tool Learning Plan
Determine and build their
personal learning plan
Member can track their
progress against their
selected competency
model
Can reassess themselves
anytime

20
11.2 SPE CM Tool Learning Plan
Determine and build their
personal learning plan
Member can track their
progress against their
selected competency
model
Can reassess themselves
Learning is
anytime
hyperlinked to
courses
Leverages SPE
training resources,
books,
monographs
Can register from
within the system

21
11.2 SPE CMT Forward Plan

Gauge interest by usage tracking

Identify gaps to develop more robust SPE training programs
Add more jobs for broader appeal
Monitor for enhancements and improvements
Success defined by:
Robust use
Detailed feed back from users
Further details: contact mark.stone@dnrm.qld.gov.au or
http://www.spe.org/training/cmt/

22
Chairperson Andrew White Santos Ltd.

Vice Chairperson Russell Byfield Strategy Central

Membership Chairperson Matika Storey Santos Ltd.

Program Chairperson Mike Mollison Worley Parsons

Secretary Naureen Alam Origin

SPE YP Chair Abhishek Rajora Westside Petroleum

CGSD Chairperson Natalie Chadud Origin

Treasurer Gladys Chang QGC - BG Group

Events Coordinator Lucie McMillan spe-qld@spe-qld.org

Section Director Raymond L Johnson Jr Unconv Reservoir Solutions

Sponsorship Chair Ahmad Teimoori Consultant

Continuing Education Chair Dean Sullivan Weatherford

Webmaster Sarah Bishop Origin admin@spe-qld.org

Aust Council Rep Russell Byfield Strategy Central

Past Chair Myron Chetty Total

 Thu, Jun 18th, 2015
Geoffrey Cann
Opportunities amidst the oil and gas wreckage
Wed, July 15th, 2015
Geoff Hunter
Small-scale LNG liquefaction and the future Australian
market
Brisbane SPE Section
July 2013
Presented by Jim Underschultz, The University of Queensland
Mindful organisations understand that long periods of
success breed complacency and they are therefore wary
of success. They are preoccupied with the possibility of
failure. They hunt for lapses, errors and incongruencies,
recognising that these may be the precursors to larger
failures. They therefore have well developed systems for
reporting near misses, process upsets and small and
localised failures of all sorts. In short, they have well
developed reporting cultures.

Safety Culture, Mindfulness and Safe Behaviour: Converging ideas?

December 2002
Andrew Hopkins

27
Disclaimer
The information, opinions and views
expressed in this presentation do not
necessarily represent those of the
University of Queensland, the UQ,
Centre for Coal Seam Gas or its
constituent members or associated
companies.
This presentation has not been
independently peer reviewed and is not
intended for wider publication.
Disclosure
The UQ, Centre of Coal Seam Gas is
currently funded by the University of
Queensland 25% ($5 million) and the
Industry members 75% ($15 million) over
5 years.
The centre conducts research across
Water, Geoscience, Petroleum
Engineering and Social Performance
themes.
For more information about the Centres
activities and governance see
http://www.ccsg.uq.edu.au/
Analysts Briefing 2006
 D

Different GOCs
D

Different OWCs

Faults play a roll

Paleo-oil columns from GOI

2550

2555

2560
Chinook 1
2565

2570
Pressure-Elevation Plot and Gamma Log
2575

2580
-2550

0.3
2585

9p
2590 -2560

si/m
2595 Muderong
-2570

or 2
2600

.67
2605
-2580

kP
2610

a/m
2615 -2590 Mardie Greensand

(0.2
2620

7g/
2625 -2600

cc)
2630
0.88 psi/m or 6.05kPa/m
-2610 (0.62g/cc)
2635 Birdrong
2640
-2620
2645

2650 -2630
2655 51.9API GOR=2168scf/bbl Free Oil Level at -2632mTVD
2660
-2640
46.9API
2665
-2650 52.8API GOR=684scf/bbl
2670
Free Water Level -2652mTVD
2675 -2660
2680

2685 -2670
2690
Zeepaard
2695
-2680 1.4
2p
si/m
2700
-2690 or
2705 9 .81
2710 -2700 kP
a/m
2715

2720
-2710
2725
-2720
2730
0.00 50.00 100.00 150.00 200.00 46m head
-2730

3780 3800 3820 3840 3860 3880 3900 3920 3940

Pressure (psia)
 0.00 0.20 0.40 0.60 0.80 1.00
Griffin 4
2650
Pressure-Elevation Plot and V-Shale Log
2655
-2630
2660
Mardie Greensand
-2635
0.15 psi/m or 1.0kPa/m (.103g/cc)
2665
-2640
2670
Free Oil Level at -2641mTVD
-2645
2675
-2650 Birdrong
2680
-2655 64m head
2685
-2660
2690
-2665
2695
-2670

0.
2700
-2675

9 ps
i/m
2705
-2680

or
Zeepaard

6.
21
k
2710
-2685

Pa
/m
(0
2715

.63
-2690

3g
/cc
)
2720
-2695
2725
-2700 1.4 Free Water Level at -2698mTVD
2p
si /
2730
-2705 m
or
9.8
1k
2735
-2710 Pa
/m
41m head
2740
-2715

3840 3850 3860 3870 3880 3890 3900 3910 3920 3930
Pressure (psia)
 Schowalter (1979) shows that the capillary entry pressure:
(1) Pce =2cos/rt
where is the interfacial tension, is the contact angle of
hydrocarbon and water against the solid and rt is the radii
of pore throats in the cap rock.

(2) PTp = gH
where is the density contrast between the formation
water and the hydrocarbon, g is the gravitational constant
and H is the height of the hydrocarbon column above the
Free Water Level (FWL) at the point the seal is breached.

CSIRO.
 Irreducible water saturation
Water-free
Production
Capillary Pressure

Also called Threshold Pressure

Transition zone
Displacement Pressure

Entry Pressure Oil-water contact

Free water level
0 100
Wetting Phase Saturation
(% pore volume) Zeepaard ??
Figure 3a. Highly permeable reservoir rock.
water saturation

Water-free
Production
Irreducible
Capillary Pressure

Transition zone

Displacement Pressure Oil-water contact

Entry Pressure
Birdrong ??
Free water level
0 100
Wetting Phase Saturation
(% pore volume)
Figure 3b. Low permeability reservoir rock.
2 3 1 Hydrostatic Case
Pressure
Cap Rock

Low k Reservoir
GOC

Elevation
GOC
Free Oil Level GOC well 1 FOL
OWC
OWC
Free Water Level OWC well 1 FWL
2 3 1 Hydrostatic Case
Pressure
Cap Rock

Low k Reservoir PTp=gH

GOC

Elevation
GOC
Free Oil Level GOC well 1 FOL
OWC
OWC well 2
OWC H
Free Water Level OWC well 1 FWL

Oil Displacement Press

2 3 1 Hydrostatic Case
Pressure
Gas Displacement Press.
Cap Rock For low k layer

Low k Reservoir
GOC
GOC well 3

Elevation
GOC
Free Oil Level GOC well 1 FOL
OWC
OWC well 2
OWC
Free Water Level OWC well 3 OWC well 1 FWL

Oil Displacement Press

 46

But it isnt hydrostatic

45
49 at least in the water leg

41
40 40 Zeepaard Hydraulic Head
46

47
50

35
35
2 3 1 Hydrodynamic Case
Pressure
Cap Rock

Low k Reservoir
GOC

Elevation
GOC
Free Oil Level GOC well 1 FOL
OWC OWC & FWL well 1
OWC
t er L evel
Free Wa
OWC
Fluid Flow
2 3 1 Hydrodynamic Case
Pressure
Cap Rock

Low k Reservoir
GOC

Elevation
GOC
Free Oil Level GOC well 1 FOL
OWC OWC & FWL well 1
OWC
t er L evel OWC well 2
Free Wa
OWC FWL well 2
Fluid Flow
Oil Displacement Press
2 3 1 Hydrodynamic Case
Pressure
Gas Displacement Press.
Cap Rock For low k layer

Low k Reservoir
GOC
GOC well 3

Elevation
GOC
Free Oil Level GOC well 1 FOL
OWC OWC & FWL well 1
OWC
t er L evel OWC well 2
Free Wa
OWC & FWL well 3
OWC FWL well 2
Fluid Flow
Oil Displacement Press
D
 Ramillies 1
0 0.2 0.4 0.6 0.8 1 Pressure-Elevation Plot and V-Shale Log
2650 -2650
2655 -2655 Muderong

2660 -2660
Mardie Greensand
2665 -2665
2670 -2670
2675 -2675 SC SG=0.76@25C
1.14 psi/m or 7.86kPa/m (0.8g/cc) GOR=53m3/m3 (low)
2680 -2680
Birdrong
2685 -2685 SC

2690 -2690 24 psi (165kPa)

Displacement P
2695 -2695 Approx. Oil-water contact at -2694mTVD
mSS

2700 -2700 SC
SC

-2705

0.9
2705

ps
i/m
2710 -2710

or
6.2
1.4
-2715

1k
2715 2 ps

Pa
i/m

/m
or
-2720 Zeepaard

(0
2720 9.8

.63
1k
P

3g
a/m
-2725

/ cc
2725

)
2730 -2730
2735 -2735
2740 -2740 Projected Free Water Level -2738mTVD

2745 -2745 ~40m lower than G4 35m head

2750 -2750

3850 3860 3870 3880 3890 3900 3910 3920 3930 3940 3950
Pressure (psia)
Griffin and Chinook-Scindian Pools
http://www.pressureplot.com/
 Perm of Griffin West and East faults is lower than
Zeepaard and E will likely be production barrier.

Birdrong Aquifer looks in places to have low

(disconnected?) oil saturation at Griffin.

Combination of Capillarity and Hydrodynamic drive

and possibly a current oil slosh can explain pressure
distributions.
J.R. Underschultz. 2005. Pressure Distribution in a Reservoir affected by Capillarity and
Hydrodynamic drive: Griffin Field, Northwest Shelf Australia. Geofluids Journal. V 5., p
221-235.
Prof Jim Underschultz
The University of Queensland
Email: j.Underschultz@uq.edu.au

If you are interested in research projects currently

underway at the Centre for Coal Seam Gas please visit
our WEB page and click on each of the four research
Themes: Water, Geoscience, Petroleum Engineering
and Social Performance

http://www.ccsg.uq.edu.au/