Baracoa, Santiago, Bayamo, Sancti Spiritus, Trinidad,
Cienfuegos, Vinales & Havana. We expect to be delayed in
some places because we like them too much (Baracoa? Trinidad?), thereby causing us to skip or shorten other places (Santiago?).
Bayamo, Sancti Spirtus & Cienfuegos are small, 1 or 2
nights would be enough in my opinion. Do stay to spend some time in Santa Clara also, especially if you're interested in Che.
Bayamo is probably the most pleasant of the provincial
capitals, but if you just stay right in town, as Poster #1 says, it's pretty small for 3 days. What you'd need three days there for would be if you wanted to go from Bayamo up into the Sierra Maestra for an overnight in the mountains. Then return to Bayamo and catch the midnight bus to Sancti Spiritu (getting you in around 6 AM.) Once again, you're going to need half a day minimum to find a place to stay and rest up from the overnight bus trip, before getting out to explore the town. That one afternoon walkabout should let you know if you want to spend more days there, or want to catch the bus on to Trinidad the following morning.
Almost anything you choose to do in the Trinidad area is
going to take the better part of a day--say, going to the beach, or going horseback riding, or taking a taxi to Topes de Collantes and a hike through the cloud forest. So you'll need more time there--or less--depending on how interested you are in doing more than roaming around the main square snapping photos of quaint colonial architecture. What you'll find in Trinidad you'll also find in Cienfuegos, except that Cienfuegos is a bigger city so anything you want to do there will probably take longer.
Havana and Vinales are where you will probably benefit
from spending more nights, Vinales because everything there is to do in that area--beaching on the offshore islands, hiking or horseback riding through the mogotes, visiting the Gran Caverna de Santo Tomas--need about a day. Not that you will be DOING that thing all day, but what with getting the activity organized, getting to/from, and other stuff like finding food or just chilling will make one activity a day pretty much the max you will be able to manage unless you want to end up as stressed as a parent taking a kid through Disneyworld. The same you-need- more-time-than-you-think applies even more so to Havana, because of its size.
And, of course, there is your final night, which absolutely
should be spent in Santa Clara, since you're flying out of there. If you leave Havana on the 9:30 AM bus, you'd be in Santa Clara around 2 PM, and that would be just about right for visiting the Che memorial/masoleum/museum, finding a place to stay, and having dinner, maybe in the downtown core so you can take a stroll around the main square and feel that you have "seen" Santa Clara. Which you will have, sort of.