Glass art Materials-1 Sir.

Noëll El Farol

Glass Art

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Glass art Materials-1 Sir. Noëll El Farol

I. Introduction

II. History

III.Artists in glass art

A. Fredrick C. Carder & Thomas G. Hawkes

-Steuben Glass

B. Danny Lane

-Float Glass

C. Ramon Orlina

-Filipino Glass Sculptures

D. Evie Hone

-Stained Glass

E. Akihiro Ohkama

-Bead Glass

IV. Murano Glass

V. Conclusion

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Glass art Materials-1 Sir. Noëll El Farol

I. Introduction

Glass, as the first artificial substance, is composed mainly of sand and an alkali. It is a hard,

fragile material that is common in our daily life. To this day, glass is a substance of transparency,

color and brilliance. It has accompanied us since the second century B.C. and is increasingly

served to enrich objects of everyday life. Glass has always reflected the circumstances of life, the

culture, historical situation and the thinking of the people who have made and used it. What is

glass? These are materials that when at high temp, Fuse together then cooled rapidly forming a

rigid structure, nevertheless not having enough time to form a crystalline regular structure. Its

composition and cooling rate varies in achieving the properties for the specific structure. There

are three common ingredients to produce glass. First is the sand that exists as a polymer. Second

is the soda ash or sodium carbonate that will lower the melting point, making it more

manageable. The third main ingredient is calcium carbonate commonly known as limestone that

increases the hardness and durability, providing insolubility of the materials. The main

characteristics of glass are solid material, disordered or shapeless structure, easily breakable into

sharp pieces, transparent to visible light, don’t have the power to move and 100% recyclable and

one of the safest materials due to its composition and properties. There are three main types of

glass produced: commercial glass (or soda lime glass), lead glass and borosilicate glass.

Commercial glass does not absorb UV light and the most common and expensive type of glass.

However, it is not resistant to high temperatures. Lead glass on the other hand may be used as

radiation shielding glass because lead absorb gamma rays and other harmful radiation but will

not withstand high temperatures on a sudden change in temperature. Borosilicate glass is used in

the house for cooking plates and other heat-resistant products. It is used for domestic kitchen and

chemistry laboratories because it has greater resistance to thermal shock.

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Glass art Materials-1 Sir. Noëll El Farol

II. History

The origins of glassmaking (and indeed of the civilization

itself) can be traced back to the ancient empires of the

Middle East. Around the middle of the second millennium

BC, the first vessels consisting exclusively of glass were

made in Mesopotamia, and shortly thereafter Egypt.

Building on the age-old knowledge about glazes, a new

material, compromising sand, soda, lime, and coloring metal oxides, was developed. It was

initially used for small jewelry, for beads and inlays in statuettes, then increasingly for containers

made to hold precious oils and fragrances. Transparency, which is taken for granted today, is not

a characteristic of these works. Of greater interest to early glass artisans was the ability to

reproduce at will the ribbon and color structures of the highly valued semiprecious stones found

in nature and to lend the material any desired form.

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Glass art Materials-1 Sir. Noëll El Farol

III. Artists in glass art

Humpback Whale Breaching Handkerchief Vase

A. Steuben Glass Works is an American art glass manufacturer,

founded in the summer of 1903 by Fredrick C. Carder and Thomas

G. Hawkes in Corning, New York. Hawkes was the owner of the largest

cut glass firm then operating in Corning. Carder was an Englishman

(born 18 September 1863) who had many years' experience designing

glass for Stevens and Williams in England. Hawkes purchased the glass

blanks for his cutting shop from many sources and eventually wanted

to start a factory to make the blanks himself. Hawkes convinced

Carder to come to Corning and manage such a factory. Carder, who

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Glass art Materials-1 Sir. Noëll El Farol

had been passed over for promotion at Stevens and Williams,

consented to do so.

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Glass art Materials-1 Sir. Noëll El Farol

B. Danny Lane (b.1955) has worked in London since the 1980s. His

sculpture and furniture ranges in

scale from the domestic, to his

massive Borealis, one of the

world’s largest glass sculptures

(2005, GM Renaissance Center,

Detroit, USA). Lane trained as a

painter and drawing is Light Relief-s (2007)

fundamental to his art. He explores line in two and three dimensions,

driven by a need to challenge the limits of the possible in glass, steel,

wood and light. Like glass itself, Lane’s work is sometimes modernist in

its simplicity, and, in a different mood, baroque in its pleasure in

ornament.Lane’s work combines a monumental, and at times brutal,

physicality; stacked and fractured glass, twisted or rusted steel, with

his strong belief in the metaphysical and transcendental qualities of

art. Lane’s sculptures seek not, to represent the individual ego, rather,

following Collins, he aims at a spiritual dimension through an

immersion in the material. For this reason, working in the studio with

his team of skilled technicians, is fundamental to Lane’s practice. His

London studio is equipped to create works of considerable scale, in

glass, and in steel. Glass furnaces will now enable Lane to create works

of fluidity and brilliant colour.

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 Glass art Materials-1 Sir. Noëll El Farol

C. Ramon Orlina was born in Manila,

Philippines. After completing his architectural

degree at the University of Santo Tomas in

Manila, he practiced architecture until 1974.

He then began his career in art painting,

Silvery Moon (1998)
eventually turning to sculpture. Drawing from

his experience as an architect, Orlina chose to create sculptures from glass which he felt

at that time had most potential in expressing his visual imagery. Exploring forms though

glass cullets or crystal blocks, the artist continues to exploit their translucent quality and

smooth finish produced from months of reshaping and grinding. His abstract sculptures

are composed of a series of angles through creating sharp

edges or sleek bends that denote movement and fluid

lines. By playfully manipulating varying qualities of light

entering and trapped at different angles, his sculptures are

never static masses. They are not only 3-dimensional,

sculpture-in-the-round objects, but multi-dimensional

constructions with no front or back orientation. One can

Red Madonna (1989)
view his pieces from any point of view and interpret them

beyond the artist's intended form.

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Glass art Materials-1 Sir. Noëll El Farol

D. Evie Hone, the Irish Cubist

painter and stained glass artist

was born in Dublin. One of the

earliest abstract painters in the

history of Irish art, she was the

great-great-great granddaughter

of Joseph Hone, a brother of the

portrait painter Nathaniel Hone

the Elder RA (1718-1784) and

father of two other portraitists

Horace Hone (1756-1825) and

John Camillus Hone (1759-

1836). Struck by infantile

Stained glass painting by Evie Hone
paralysis, Evie suffered from

lameness the rest of her life. Evie's main artistic preoccupation was with stained glass art.

She first joined Sarah Purser's studio - the stained glass co-operative An Túr Gloine -

before setting up a studio of her own in Rathfarnham and becoming influenced by the

great Harry Clarke. (See also Stained Glass Art: Materials and Methods). Evie Hone was

a founder member of the Irish Exhibition of Living Art (IELA). In 1958, University

College Dublin staged a memorial exhibition of her Irish painting, drawing and stained

glass designs, which attracted a record attendance. In 2005-6, the National Gallery of

Ireland held an exhibition of her works.

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Glass art Materials-1 Sir. Noëll El Farol

E. Akihiro Ohkama was born in 1970 at Nara japan. He started to learn beads making from

his father, Yasuhiro in 1996.

Same year he establish Glass Studio

Hand to create his own style of

glass art.　2002 his glass bead was

presented to imperial highness of

Takamadomiya. He started to

expand his glass seen to oversee, in

2003 he was invited to demonstrate

At Taiwan International Glass Art Cherry Blossom Heaven (2009)

Festa, and since 2005 he started to work shop around the world.　He was started to work

with borosilicate glass in 2006,　and participated the workshop by John Kobuki and Josh

Sable and he was fascinated by the Marble and Paperweight. 　Same year he started to

make his style of glass marble and pendant. His work has been collection at Conning

glass museum, and Kobe Tonbodama museum.　2008, he opened his new studio at Nara,

Japan and he continue to teach and creating his way of glass art.　

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Glass art Materials-1 Sir. Noëll El Farol

IV. Murano glass has been a

famous product of the Venetian island of Murano for centuries.

Located off the shore of Venice, Italy, Muranowas a

commercial port as far back as the 7th century. By the 10th

century it had become a well-known city of trade. Today

Murano remains a destination for tourists and art and jewelry

lovers alike.

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