COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING

PUTRAJAYA CAMPUS
FINAL EXAMINATION

SEMESTER 3 2011 / 2012

PROGRAMME : Bachelor of Electrical & Electronics Engineering (Hons)

Bachelor of Electrical Power Engineering (Hons)

SUBJECT CODE : EECB353

SUBJECT : Communication Systems

DATE : May 2012

TIME : (3 hours)

INSTRUCTIONS TO CANDIDATES:

1. This paper contains FIVE (5) questions in EIGHT (8) pages.

2. Answer ALL questions.
3. Write all answers in the answer booklet provided.
4. Write answer to each question on a new page.
5. Do not bring in unwarranted materials except those that are allowed.
DO NOT OPEN THIS QUESTION PAPER UNTIL YOU ARE INSTRUCTED TO DO SO.

THIS QUESTION PAPER CONSISTS OF 8 PRINTED PAGES INCLUDING THIS

COVER PAGE.

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 EECB353, Semester III 2011/2012

QUESTION 1 [25 marks]

An analog signal with maximum frequency of 20 kHz is to be transmitted through PCM

system. Design a PCM system that meets the following specifications:
Sampling rate is 25% over the Nyquist rate.
Maximum quantization error must not exceed 0.2% of peak to peak signal
voltage.
The design should include the following items:
(a) Block diagram of the transmitter.
[2 marks]
(b) Type of sampling technique to be adopted (state your reason) and its sampling
rate.
[3 marks]
(c) Number of quantization level.
[2 marks]
(d) Actual number of bit for the ADC to convert the analog signals to digital values.
[1 mark]
(e) Transmission bit rate.
[2 marks]
(f) Dynamic range.
[1 mark]
(g) Figure 1 depicts some of the sampled signal. Assume the sampled signal ranged
between -5V to +5V and linear quantization is deployed; determine the actual
resolution and the PCM code for the first 60 sec.
[7 marks]

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 EECB353, Semester III 2011/2012

5V

0V t

Figure 1

(h) Propose a line encoding technique that utilizes middle bit transition for its
synchronization and bit representation. Draw the encoded signal for the first two
PCM.
[3 marks]
(i) The proposed PCM system is then tested with a real analog signal which consists
of weak and strong signal strengths. The result shows that the strong signal
exhibits a reasonable exact copy of the original signal. However, poor resolution
is present in the weak signal. Due to this, low SQR is achieved for the overall
performance. Suggest a strategy to improve the overall SQR performance and
highlight the impact of the proposed strategy to the weak and strong signal.
[4 marks]

Page 3 of 8
 EECB353, Semester III 2011/2012

QUESTION 2 [20 marks]

(a) Construct a table showing the number of bits encoded, minimum bandwidth, baud
rate and bandwidth efficiency for an information data rate of 20 kbps for the
following modulation schemes: QPSK, 8-PSK, 8-QAM and 16-QAM.
[6 marks]
(b) Figure 2 shows a block diagram and resulting output phase of a quartenary phase
shift keying (QPSK). Given a carrier frequency of 5 MHz.

Balance Bandpass
modulator filter

Reference
carrier oscillator
Module A (-sin ct) QPSK
90 phase Linear BPF
shift summer output

Balance Bandpass
modulator filter

Time

Figure 2

(i) Draw the components in Module A.

[3 marks]
(ii) Construct the truth table for the QPSK modulator shown in Figure 2.
[4 marks]
(iii) Determine the input signal.
[4 marks]
(iv) Draw its output frequency spectrum.
[3 marks]

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 EECB353, Semester III 2011/2012

QUESTION 3 [25 marks]

(a) Name three classes of multiple access techniques and briefly explain.
[5 marks]
(b) FDM system is commonly used in the telephone system to send multiple
telephone conversation over a minimum number of cables. As a
telecommunication engineer, youre asked to do frequency planning for a basic
group of telephone system. Assume that the first modulator carrier frequency is
200 kHz and the voice is modulated using double sideband suppressed carrier;

(i) Draw the frequency planning of the proposed FDM system by showing all
channel numbers and its respective local oscillator frequencies.
[6 marks]
(ii) Determine the total bandwidth.
[2 mark]
(iii) Draw the block diagram of your system design showing only the first and
last channels, their respective local oscillator frequencies and output
frequency.
[5 marks]
(iv) As time goes, the demand for telephone services has increased and the
total number of subscribers has doubled. Assuming that youre allowed to
utilize the same frequency range as in part (i), suggest a strategy to support
this new demand indicating the modification made to the block diagram
and the new carrier frequency for the first and last local oscillator.
[4 marks]

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 EECB353, Semester III 2011/2012

(c) Consider an analog to digital converter (ADC) for voice signals with the
following specifications:
The ADC captures the detail in the voice signal up to 25 kHz.
256 level quantizer is used for quantization.
Next, consider a time-division multiplexing scheme (TDM) which combines the
digital output from N users whose analog data is digitized through the above
described ADC scheme. A TDM frame consists of samples from N users plus four
bits for synchronization purposes. The line speed that carries this TDM traffic is
11 Mbps and the available bandwidth for transmission is 1.5 MHz.

(i) Find the maximum number of users (N) that can be multiplexed using this
TDM scheme.
[3 marks]
(ii) Find the minimum required SNR (in dB) to facilitate this TDM scheme.
[2 marks]

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 EECB353, Semester III 2011/2012

QUESTION 4 [20 marks]

(a) Explain two characteristics of spread spectrum.

[2 marks]
(b) Figure 3 a) and b) show the spectrum of input binary data and spreading code.
The input binary data is applied to an X-OR gate along with a spreading code and
produces an output of 100110011001 . Assume that the same spreading
code is used to spread each data bit in direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS)
system.
Signal Energy

f (kHz)
-125 0 125

Signal Energy

f (kHz)
-750 0 750

Figure 3 a) and b)

(i) Calculate the processing gain.

[2 marks]
(ii) Determine the spreader chip duration and input binary bit duration.
[2 marks]
(iii) Draw the approximate frequency spectrum of DSSS signal. Label all
frequencies.
[3 marks]

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 EECB353, Semester III 2011/2012

(iv) Determine the spread spectrum signal data rate.

[1 mark]
(v) Determine the input data and the spreading code sequence.
[5 marks]
(vi) The spread signal is modulated by BPSK modulator with 3 MHz carrier.
Sketch the frequency spectrum of the spread signal and label all frequencies.
[2 marks]
(vii) Suggest a technique that permits 2 or more DSSS signals to occupy a given
bandwidth concurrently on a single communication channel without
interference. State assumption used.
[3 marks]

QUESTION 5 [10 marks]

Given a list of pattern shown in Figure 4 with the following volume: P1=15, P2=4, P3=8,
P4=5 and P5=6.

P1 Horizontal
P2 Vertical
P3 Down Diagonal
P4 Up Diagonal
P5 Grid
Figure 4
(a) Construct the Huffman code tree and obtain the code for each pattern.
[5 marks]
(b) What would be the average information carried per pattern expressed in bits?
[2 marks]
(c) Find Huffman code length for each pattern.
[1 mark]
(a) Find the efficiency and redundancy.
[2 marks]
-END OF QUESTION PAPER-

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