Professional Documents
Culture Documents
+2H2 +3H2
OH OH
phenol o-crezol catechol rezoxinol hiroquinon
10. ANEHIT XETON:
*Anehit: Theo IUPAC, tn thay th: Tn ca hirocacbon tng ng (tnh c C ca CHO)+al
Mch chnh cha nhm CH=O (nhm cacbanehit), nh s t nhm .
Mt s anehit n gin hay c gi theo tn thng thng (xut pht t tn thng thng ca axit)
Cch 1: Anehit_Tn axit tng ng (b axit)
Cch 2: Tn axit tng ng (b axit, b ui ic hoc oic)+anehit
Anehit Tn thay th Tn thng thng
HCH=O Metanal Fomanehit (anehit fomic)
CH3CH=O Etanal Axetanehit (anehit axetic)
CH3CH2CH=O Propanal Propionanehit (anehit propionic)
(CH3)2CHCH2CH=O 3-metylbutanal Isovaleranehit (anehit isovaleric)
CH3CH=CHCH=O But-2-en-1-al Crotonanehit (anehit crotonic)
C6H5CHO: benzanehit; para-C6H4(CHO)2: benzene-1,3-icacbanehit
*Xeton: Tn thay th:
Tn ca mch hirocacbon tng ng (tnh c C ca -CO-)-v tr nhm >C=O-on
Mch chnh cha nhm >C=O (nhm cacbonyl), nh s 1 t u gn nhm .
Tn gc-chc ca xeton gm tn gc R, R nh vi nhm >C=O v t xeton (R-CO-R)
VD: CH3-CO-CH3: propan-2-on (imetylxeton, axeton);
CH3-CO-C2H5: butan-2-on (etyl metyl xeton); CH3-CO-CH=CH2: but-3-en-2-on (metyl vinyl xeton)
CH3-CO-C6H5: axetophenon
11. AXITCACBOXYLIC:
a) Theo IUPAC: Tn ca axit cacboxylic mch h cha khng qu 2 nhm cacboxyl (-COOH) c
cu to bng cch: Axit_Tn ca hirocacbon tng ng+oic
Mch chnh bt u t nguyn t C ca nhm COOH.
b) Tn thng thng: c lin quan n ngun gc tm ra chng nn khng c tnh h thng.
Tn mt s axit thng gp
Cng thc Tn thng thng Tn thay th Axit cha vng benzene
thng gp
H-COOH Axit fomic Axit metanoic C6H5-COOH: axit benzoic
CH3-COOH Axit axetic Axit etanoic Ortho-C6H4(COOH)2:
CH3CH2-COOH Axit propionic Axit propanonic Axit phtalic
(CH3)2CH-COOH Axit isobutyric Axit 2-metylpropanoic Meta-C6H4(COOH)2:
CH3-[CH2]3-COOH Axit valeric Axit pentanoic Axit isophtalic
CH2=CH-COOH Axit acrylic Axit propenoic Para-C6H4(COOH)2:
CH2=C(CH3)-COOH Axit metacrylic Axit 2-metylpropenoic Axit terephtalic
HOOC-COOH Axit oxalic Axit etanioic Ortho-C6H4(OH)(COOH)
C6H5-COOH Axit benzoic Axit benzoic Axit salixilic
CH3 COOCH3
i) Nilon-6,6 t
nNH2[CH2]6NH2+nHOOC[CH2]4COOH (NH[CH2]6NHCO[CH2]4CO)n+2nH2O
poli(hexametilen aipamit) (nilon-6,6)
k) T nitron (hay olon) nH2C=CH (CH2-CH)n
CN CN
Acrilonitrin Poliacrilonitrin
l) Poli(ure-fomanehit) H+, t
nNH2-CO-NH2+nCH2O nNH2-CO-NH-CH2OH (NH-CO-NH-CH2)n+nH2O
m)Nha phenol fomanehit (nha bakelit)
H OH H t,xt OH
n + nCH2=O ( CH2)n