Professional Documents
Culture Documents
of Protective Relays
Test Options (1)
4. On load tests
Arevas preference:-
2. Primary injection
(incl. C.T. ratio, phasing and mag. curve)
3. On load tests
Site Testing and Commissioning
of Protection Equipment
Primary injection tests
z On load tests
z Stability tests
z Directional properties
Average D.C.
0V.
z Faulty relays
Maintenance of
Protective Relays (1)
Frequency of Maintenance
Dictated by :-
a) The site condition
b) The availability of maintenance staff and
resources
c) The availability of plant outage times
d) The risks involved if the protection should fail
e) The type of relay construction
Maintenance of
Protective Relays (2)
z Visual inspections
z Calibration tests
z Trip testing
Maintenance of
Protective Relays (5)
Instruction manuals
Record relay settings
Visual inspection
Secondary injection tests
Contact integrity
Return to in-service settings
Check energising quantities
Maintenance of
Protective Relays (6)
Cleaning solvents
Trichlortrifluorethane (Ozone damaging)
(Arklone, Freon, Flourisol and Supersolve)
PROZONE
Contact lubricants and other lubricants
Contact cleaning burnishers
Contact pressures and settings
Dust removal
Relay recalibration (Why?)
Contents of Section 23 of PRAG (1)
(Protective Relay Application Guide)
z Insulation tests
z Current transformer tests
z Voltage transformer tests
z Test facilities
z Secondary injection tests O.C. and E.F.
Differential
Pilot wires
Negative phase sequence
Directional
Distance
D.C. operated
Contents of Section 23 of PRAG (2)
(Protective Relay Application Guide)
z Periodic Maintenance
In addition to PRAG :-
To relay coils
A B C A B C N A B C N
To CT test To main To main VT
windings current
(if any) transformers
Test Switch and Sockets
To relay coils
A A
Current B B Voltage
test
sockets C C test
sockets
N N
P2 P1
- S2 S1 +
Push
button
- + switch
A
Battery
Current Transformer
Ratio Check
A B C Test plug
A2 insulation
Temporary 51
short
circuit
51
P1
S1
51
64
P2 S2
Relay or test block
A1
contact fingers
Primary injection
test set
250V AC supply
Testing Current Transformer
Magnetizing Curve
S2
P2
Main circuit Step-up transformer
breaker open if required
Voltage Transformer
Phasing Check
A
B
C A
V1
V2 C B
VN
V
VL
V1
V2
A B C Phase rotation
meter
Overcurrent Test Set
K1 I
K2
250V
AC 51 Relay
supply coil
Start Stop
timer timer
A
60Hz
L1 L2
50Hz
0.1A
10X 5X 2X 1X
0.2A
O/V Detector
220/250V
AC 60Hz
Circuit
0.5A Output
Supply to
Variac V1 50Hz
50/60Hz 1A Relay
2A
5A
Supply Shorting 10A
Switch Timer
Supply T1 Injection
Contractor Start Matching
(Break to Start) C.T.
Thermal Overload / Overvoltage
Protection
Sensitivity Check on
Biased Differential Relay
B B
OP
Test plug
fingers
To main current
Overcurrent transformers
test set
250V
A.C. supply
OP Relay operating coil
B Relay bias coil
Testing Bias Characteristics
(Using Overcurrent Test Set)
B B
OP
I1+I2 I1 I2
Test plug
fingers
A1 A2
R
To main current
transformers
Overcurrent
test set
250V A.C.
supply
Testing Relay Bias Characteristic
(Using Resistances)
B B
OP
I1+I2 I1 I2
Test plug
fingers
A1 A2
R1 R2
To main current
transformers
Feeder isolated
A
B
C
Test Relay
plug Overcurrent 250V
contact
test set A.C. supply fingers
B B
OP OP
Pilots
Testing Sensitivity of Negative
Phase Sequence Relay
A
To main
current B Relay
46
250V transformers coil
A.C. C
supply
Overcurrent N
test set Test plug Filter
in test block network
Test Equipment for
Directional Relays
Supply switch
A 440V
B 3 phase
C 4 wire supply
N
Variable Choke
transformer
for current Relay
67
control current coil
Range adjusting CT
440/110V
phase shifting A PA
transformer
PA Relay
V 67
voltage coil
Variable transformer
for voltage control
To other voltage coils V Voltmeter
of relay under test A Ammeter
(if required) PA Phase angle meter
Primary Injection Test Set
A
250V A.C.
supply
Temporary three-
phase short circuit
Primary A
51
injection
test set B
51
250V
A.C. supply C
51
51 Overcurrent relay
64 Earth fault relay A 64
A Ammeter
Sensitivity Test on
Earth Fault Relay
250V
Primary injection
A.C. test set
supply
A 51
B
51
C
51
64
Load Test on Directional
Overcurrent Relays
Direction of power flow
A B C for relay operation Load current
A PA
A PA V
AA Ammeter
B
Ammeter
VV Voltmeter
Voltmeter
PA Phase C
PA Phaseangle
angle
meter
meter Directional overcurrent relays
Test Plug Link Connections to
Reverse Current seen by Relay
To relay
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
Test plug
To main VT and CT
Load Test on Directional
Earth Fault Relay
ABC P1 P2 Load current
S1 S2
V1
IA Temporary
short circuit V2
connections
A Insulating strips in
51
relay or test block VL VN
51 51 PA contact fingers V
PA
A Ammeter
V Voltmeter Directional earth
PA Phase angle meter fault relay
Testing Sensitivity of Generator Differential
Protection Using Primary Injection Test
87 87 87
V
Testing Sensitivity of Generator Differential Protection
Using Generator to Supply Primary Current
Temporary
short circuit Isolating
Generator links
A
B
C
87 87 87
V
Temporary
Isolating short circuit
Generator links
A
B
C
A A A
87 87 87
Temporary
short circuit
A A
B
Primary
injection
test set
C
250V
A.C.
supply Bias coils
Operating 87 87 87
coils
Phase Fault Sensitivity Check on
Transformer Differential Protection
Temporary
A short circuit
A
Primary
injection
B
test set
C
250V
A.C.
supply Bias coils
Operating 87 87 87
coils
Stability Check on Transformer
Differential Protection
~
Bias coils
A
87 87 87
Operating coils
Instantaneous current distribution for three-phase
short circuit with phase A current at maximum
Sensitivity Check of Restricted Earth
Fault Protection
250V A.C.
supply A
Primary
injection
test set A
B
C
A B C
Temporary
short circuit
Filter 46
network
Primary injection
test set
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A B C N
Earth Fault Sensitivity Check of
Pilot Wire Relay
A A
B
C
Primary
injection
test set
OP
Primary
injection Pilots to remote
test set
end relay
250V A.C. supply
Load Current Distribution
A B C A B C
Feeder
Instantaneous current
distribution of three-phase
balanced load with B
B
phase A current at
OP OP
maximum
Pilots
Short-Circuiting Connections on Test
Plug for Load Test
To relay summation CT
Short circuiting connections
on rear of test plug
20 19 18 17 16 15 14 13 12 11
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
A A B C N
To main current
transformers
Ratio Check of Current Transformers
of Reference Circuit
A1
250V A.C.
supply
Primary injection A2
test set Test links
A
B Zone
C bus wires
N
A1 and A2 Ammeters
87 Busbar Protection relay
95 Supervision relay 95X
95 87 87 87
95X Bus wires short-circuiting
relay
Polarity Check of Reference Circuit
Current Transformers
A Ammeter A B C
Temporary short circuit
87 Busbar Protection
relay A
95 Supervision relay
95X Bus wires short-
circuiting relay
Test links
A
250V A.C.
supply A
B Zone
Primary injection C bus wires
N
test set
95X
95 87 87 87
CT Inter-Group Ratio and Polarity
Check in Busbar Protection Scheme
Reference circuit Test circuit
Temporary
short circuit Test
links
A
A1 A1 A1 A1
250V A.C. supply
A
Primary injection
B
C
test set
N
Zone
A1 Ammeter for ratio check A2
A2 Ammeter for polarity A2
bus
check A2 wires
87 Busbar protection relay 95X
95 Supervision relay 95 87 87 87
95X Bus wires short-
circuiting relay
Sensitivity Check of Busbar
Protection Scheme
A B C
250V A.C.
supply
Primary injection
test set Test links
A
B Zone
C bus wires
N
95X
V 95 87 87 87
Stability Test
A
B
C
Test Test
plug Overcurrent plug
test set
250V
B A.C. supply B
OP OP
Pilots