Chng trnh Ging dy Kinh t Fulbright Nghin cu Tnh hung Ti liu hng dn

Nin kha 2005-2006 Bi c tham kho

TI LIU HNG DN TRNH BY TIU LUN

(Tham kho)

Tiu lun l mt bi vit ngn trnh by quan im, nghin cu pht hin v mt ch
no m bn tm t. N c di thng thng t 5 n 15 trang. D vit v mt
vn g th nhim v ca mt bi tiu lun phi: (1) nu ln c vn ; (2) phn tch
vn ; v (3) trnh by nhng kt qu mi m bn pht hin c hay kin, quan im,
kt lun ca bn v vn .

Mt bi tiu lun khoa hc khng th trnh by (format) mt cch ngu hng theo s
thch ca bn m phi theo nhng tiu chun qui nh. Chng hn theo tiu chun ca
Modern Language Association (MLA), American Psychology Association (APA),
Chicago cc chun ny c nhng qui nh chc ch v size ch, khong cch gia cc
dng, canh l, kiu ch, tiu , trnh by li cm n, ghi ch, trch dn, ti liu tham
kho

Cc bi tiu lun lp hc thng c n gin ho i nhiu nhng cng phi tun theo
mt s cu trc bt buc m bo tnh khoa hc ca bi vit. Phn di s trnh by
cu trc mt bi vit thng thng, nh dng bi vit, cch ghi ch, ngun s liu v
phn khng th thiu l ti liu tham kho. V d sau y nh l mt hng dn gi
cch trnh by mt bi tiu lun thng thung cho cc mn hc Trng Fulbright.

A. nh dng chung (theo Fulbright School)

Paper size A4 (8.17 x 11.69 inches) 21.0 x 29.7 cm

Top margin 1.25 inches 3.17 cm
Bottom margin 1.25 inches 3.17 cm
Left margin 1.25 inches 3.17 cm
Right margin 1.0 inches 2.54 cm
Header 0.5 inches 1.27 cm
Footer 0.5 inches 1.27 cm

B. Cu trc mt bi vit thng thng ( theo APA)

[Trang ba]

Ta bi vit
Tn ca bn
Chng trnh Ging dy Kinh t Fulbright

Tm tt

Nguyn Hoi Bo 1
Chng trnh Ging dy Kinh t Fulbright Nghin cu Tnh hung Ti liu hng dn
Nin kha 2005-2006 Bi c tham kho

[Trang 1]

Ta bi vit

Ni dung bi vit

[Trang mi sau khi kt thc bi vit chnh]

Ti liu tham kho

Ph lc (nu c)

C. Trnh by Footnote/Endnote
Trong bi vit, i lc phi s dng n cc ghi ch cui chn trang (footnote) hoc ghi
ch trang cui cng (endnote). Mc ch l ni r thm hoc gi cc vn c lin
quan m ngi vit mun gii thch thm cho ni dung chnh. V d:
1
Baer, Miles v Moran (1999) vn bo lu kin cho rng, chnh sch cng nghip c hi
cho cc nc ng v l gc r gy ra khng hong.

Hoc:
2
Xem Ngn hng Th gii (1998) c phn tng kt y nhiu vn c lin quan
v gi cng nghip.

Cng nn nh rng, nhng ti liu c ghi ch ny phi c mt phn Ti liu tham

kho, vic ny gip ngi c tra cu c cc ti liu gc khi cn.

D. Trch dn

Ti liu trch dn (works cited) l nhng cu vn, cng thc, nh l r rng m ch

quyn tc gi thuc v ngi vit gc v tc gi dng n vo vic chng minh. Khi c
trch dn trong bi vit, bn phi ghi r ngun gc trch dn l t u. C nhiu cch
trch dn, chng hn nh trch dn mt quan im, mt cu ngn c trong du ngoc
kp, hoc trch dn mt on di.

V d 1: Trch dn ngn trong ngoc kp:

Trong cc giai on pht trin khc nhau ca nhn loi, vic hc ca con ngi rt khc
nhau. (Lam, 2004, tr. 6)

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Chng trnh Ging dy Kinh t Fulbright Nghin cu Tnh hung Ti liu hng dn
Nin kha 2005-2006 Bi c tham kho

V d 2: Nu trch mt on di:

Trong cc giai on pht trin khc nhau ca nhn loi, vic hc ca con ngi rt
khc nhau. Tuy nhin, ng trc qu trnh ton cu ho ngy nay, khi khi lng
kin thc bng n vi cp s nhn th nng lc sng to, lm vic c lp, lm
vic nhm, nng lc t hc, nng lc thch ng, s nhy cm li tr nn quyt
nh. (Lam, 2004, tr.6)

Trong ngoc n sau mi trch dn l tn tc gi, nm xut bn v trang c trch dn.

Tn tc gi ny c ghi li trong phn ti liu tham kho. Nu l trch dn mt on di
nh v d 2 th ton b ni dung ny phi y v 1 inche (hay 1 tap) so vi l tri.

E. Ngun s liu

Bng: S liu Vit Nam

1820 1998
Dn s (triu ngi) 6.3 76.2
GDP trn u ngi ($US, PPP1990) 546 1,677
Ngun: Agus Maddision, 2001

Sau mt s liu, bng s liu hay biu , hnh nh bn phi ghi tht r rng ngun
m bo mc tin cy. c th l bo co ca mt c quan thng k, trch li ca tc gi
khc hoc iu tra ca chnh bn. Nu khng c iu ny th mi lp lun ca bn da
vo s liu, hnh nh s khng c ga tr g.

F. Danh mc ti liu tham kho ( theo APA)

Cng nh ti liu trch dn, danh mc ti liu tham kho (reference) phi c ghi li
cui bi vit. y l nhng ti liu m tc gi mn lm tin cho sng tc ca
mnh. C cc loi ti liu tham kho khc nhau, chng hn sch, mt bi vit trong mt
tp sch gm nhiu tc gi, tp ch, ti liu t internet ng vi mi ti liu ny u c
cch ghi khc nhau. Trong phn ny chng ti s trnh by mt s cch ghi ti liu tham
kho c bn.

Ti liu l bo ch
Doe, J. Q. (1999, 12 August). Tn bi bo. Tn tp ch, 212, 23.

Nguyn Hu Lam. (2004). im xut pht ca i mi gio dc i hc. Tui tr Ch

Nht, 31-2004, 6.
Ti liu l tp ch khoa hc chuyn ngnh

Doe, J. R. (1987). Tn bi nghin cu. Tn tp ch khoa hc, 35, 112-128.

Nguyn Hoi Bo 3
Chng trnh Ging dy Kinh t Fulbright Nghin cu Tnh hung Ti liu hng dn
Nin kha 2005-2006 Bi c tham kho

Bi Tt Thng. (2004). Ton cu ho v c may rt ca cng nghip ho rt ngn Vit

Nam . Nghin cu Kinh t, 314, 40-51.

Ti liu l sch:
Lastname, F. (1998). Tn sch. Ni xut bn (City): Nh Xut bn.

World Bank. (1993). The East Asian Miracle: Economic Growth and Public, New York:
Oxford University Press.

Ti liu ly t Internet.

Maner, M. (1999, 14 April). Ta ti liu tham kho ly t Internet. c ly v t:

http://www.dianahacker.com/resdoc/

David Dapice, t.g.k. (2004). Lch s hay chnh sch: ti sao cc tnh pha Bc khng
tng trng nhanh hn. c ly v t :
http://www.fetp.edu.vn/Research_casestudy/display.cfm?fid=84

Nh vy c mt trt t nh sau: Tn tc gi, thi gian xut bn, ta ca ti liu (tn

bi nghin cu hoc sch), s ca tp ch, nh xut bn (nu la sch), s trang.

Lu rng, theo phong cch ca APA th h (last name) ca tc gi c vit trc v

tn vit sau. Th t ca danh mc ti liu tham kho c xp theo ch ci abc. Tuy
vy c th khng tin lm trong trng hp tc gi l ngi phng Ty v phng
ng. V th ngy nay ngi ta thng tn trng tn nguyn thu ca tc gi nhng vn
xp th t abc da theo h t trn xung di.

Danh mc ti liu tham kho bt u mt trang mi. Dng th hai ca mt ti liu tham
kho phi cch l tri 0.5 inche (5 spaces). Nu mt ti liu tham kho no c nhiu tc
gi th ch vit tc gi u v sau vit tt tc gi khc , t.g.k (ng ngha vi et. al.
trong ting Anh).

bit chi tit hn bn c th tham kho:

Anthony C. Winkler v Jo Ray McCuenm. (1989). Writing the Research Paper, Harcourt
Brace Jovanovich Publishers.

C rt nhiu hng dn v mu v cch trnh by mt bi nghin cu trn Internet, bn c

th tham kho thm mt s a ch sau:

http://webster.commnet.edu/apa/index.htm
http://owl.english.purdue.edu/handouts/research/r_mla.html#General
http://www.dianahacker.com/resdoc/

Nguyn Hoi Bo 4