ADIDENDUM

TO IS8OO-2OO7{FORLOWRISEBUILDIINGS)
FOREWORD

A. PRE-ENGINEERED
I}UILDING
CONCEPT

Pre-engineered
steelconstruction,now a day has been widely usedas it allowsfulfillingan almost
unlimited rangeof buildingconfigurations,customdesigns,requirementsand applications.The most
common applicationsof pre-engineeredbuildingsare lndustrial,Commercial,Institutional,Aviation
and Military, Recreational,
Agricultural.

Pre-engineered
buildingson the averageare 3OYolighterthro'ughthe efficientuseof
steel. Primaryframingmembersare tapered (varyingdepth) built up sectionswith the targedepthsin
the areasof higheststress.Slendersectionsare usedto achievegreaterstrengthsand economy.

B. SlenderSectionsare very superficiallycoveredin 15800-2007

under Clause3.7.2(d).Most of
the matter publishedin 15800-2007has been taken from 855950-1:2000.
The extractfrom
855950-1:2000 cov'eringslendersectionsunder clause3.6 have been suggestedas addendum
to existing 1S800-2|CO7.

C. A sectionhas been addedfor Memberswith one flange laterallyrerstrained

which is very
important for the analysisand designof pre-engineeredstructures.BS5950-1:2000has
coveredthis in AnnexG which may be introducedas a new annexureto existing15800-2007.

D. PROVISION
OFCHI\PTER
12lIS 8OO:2007
FORPRE-ENGINEERED
STFIUCTURES.

Pre-engineered structureswhich generallycover light structuresup to 18.0m height.These

are generallywith pinned bases.Theseare with low lumped massas primary membersare
thin and slenderand secondarymembersare made of Z sectionsrangingfrom 1.6 mm to 2.5
mm which are 30o/<,lighter
than conventionalhot rolled Channels.Provisionsmentionedin
Chapter12 are genrerally
applicablefor conventionalSteelstructurewith heavylump masses.

Theseprovisionmentionsin Chapter12 need not belapplicableto pre-

engineereda structurewhich falls under the categoryof low rise buildingsand have light
lumpedmasses. Thesestructurescan be buildingsor buildingswith singleor muttilevel
mezzanineup to 18.0 m height.Thesestructuresneed not satisfythe requirementsof this
section,providedthey can accommodatethe resultingdeformationwithout permanent
failure.
3.7 Classifications
of Cross-Sections

d) Class4 (Slender)
 Section3 IIS 59{-r0-1:2

3.6.2Doubl5rsymrnetric cross-sections .ri{

rP
3.6.2.1General "i
The methodsgiven in 3.6.2.2,3.6.2.3and 3.6.2.4may be usedfor doublysymnictrii:cross-sectiops r,hat i.F.
includeclass4 slenderelements.The elfectivecross-sectional aread6 and the vah,res of elfectivesectioniB
modulus
Qonfo,benclingaboutthe majorand minoraxessh.ould eachbiideterminedfromseparat..ii*f v*i,f
cross-sectionsas detailedin 3.6.2.2,3.6.2.3and 3.6.2.4.
.:i!
3.6.2.2Effectiue area
..t
The effectivecross-sr:ctional
areaA"i1shouidbe deterrninedfrom the effectivecross-sr:cLior?as 'jli
shoru,riu
Figure8a).The effectivewidth of a class4 slenderwebelernentor internaiflangeelementshouldtr" ,-ot
as 359times its thicl<nessfor coldformedRHS,or 40etim,:sfor othersections,conrprisingtrvoequai "oi,l I,i
portionswith a centralnon-effective zone.Theeffectivervidthof a classi
4 slenderouislanJelenrcnt shouldrJ
be taken as equalto the maximumwidth for class3 denveclfrom 'fabie I t. !i
.F
ic

15Te15Tt

6
c0

;
o_
v
L.'

:
d \
15Tel15fe
L

l
cn
Rolled i-section Welded I-section RoliedH-section WeldedH-section
(
v

N
a)
!.
?0te TQte1.5t ?.5t
*lrlnr1 7 . 5 b , 1 7 S t e7 5 t C t q s1s ,2 o r J o u t s t q n d

-? 1.5t 2.5t
24ft
T
w
r 20te
; jTsre

J

o U)

-)$ T
;lll ste
E 2.5t
.=
.E
J
I
J,tt ; T
!
Hot finished RHS Cold formed IIHS Welded box section
in
; a) Effective crogs-sectio::sunder pure compression, for derermining.4.u6,

Figure 8 - Doubly s1-mmetricslender cross-sections

a
E
q)

: o B S I0 5 . 2 0 0 1 ,7 I
 Section3
BS 6950-1:2000

15Te15Te
[oqpresston
I t o nq e

[ e n t r o r d aqlx t s
of ihe gr95s
cfoss-secTl0n

I e n i r o i Q o tl r s
o f t h ee t t e c J l v e
cro55- Sefil0n

T e n s i ofnt a n g e
Welded H-ser:tion
Rolled H-sectton

1'l.5tc 1ql
2.5t
-l l*-1 [omDresston
, ftonqe
a
/ n l
l
s l
^ I
- l
; l
o l oxts
[entroidot
I O II of theqross
lI - - cfoss-s-edlon
)I
v l
I
[entrorggtgX TIS
i
9 l
i l
,ftt
of the tve
reefleffl'
- l cf0ss ln
is-setIl0
'
r
l
O
( I
- l
I- r l
-_l
+ l I
! l
; (
O I 'Welded box sectton
N.l Cold fornred RHS
. .> t Hot finished RHS
=
..J for determining Z'r
,-) fuIly effective under pure 6oment'
| b) Effective cross'sections' webs
, c O l cross-siections (continued)
- l Figure 8 - Doubly syrnmetric slender
E l g
3.6.2.3Effeetiuemodulul:U//llenwebieful|yeffective
I J
;-o
I

For crosg-sections
Z"r
l;1i,1iJ.illlJi.1ffiff;;;";;;tt{i:*:::*i,lili:"#.'1,-'i:T'i'.tr"'i:H
with websttrat arenot class4 slenderunoer
in
Purt'u".F.iiii,"
which
shouldbedetermineato*' an effectivecross-section in 8'6'?"?'seeFiguretO''
i;ialf,tof uity cldss4 slqgrder
!(t flarngei. a.t"r,lii'Ja
H
i !q o eiJmentin the compressign "t""J-l"ifLJ thenZ"sshould o be
u^ taken asequar
tqLnnas equal
5E T.cl
.,r ;il"";;;ro" agiventxis
about
u",,aine
8 ;l"rffil}J::":::::r"t:::" axis'
(E bo tft" sectron moqut'uu
i" the abouLthat
modulus t/Z a,,uub uu4u s^re'
"""ti"n r r: - _ ^L^rr txis, causing the
. a
is not
not fullv in resisting
effective
fullv effective bendmg
resisting^b.ending*:T**ttf;:j?il:Hlt:l'of u"1""' of
t*o ualues
th" t*o
H cross-section
thecross-section
f l d If the .ro".-..rlioit
5 c ) relevanteffective
l-et io u. asymmetric about """fofil;;fi;A;
the axis S;.lG of th"
.E Z"gfor that axis should be used'
- 3 3.6.2.4 Effective modulus uthen web is elender
c-o -s^^!:.,^.d modulus 2"6
pure bending,th::{'*::fsection
i
-o
a - o For cross-sections
l
with websthat are class4 slenderunder
from an effective .;;-;;;;i;" bv adopiing an effective
to
width
the
busfor the
compressron
should be determined
nigor" s, *ith'b.ab""6adjacent
ir,ii*i.a i'"Uruii,"a
-'t
:J * compressionzoneof the web, arrang"a u"
...J" O
,.*. o
r,.* ffiil;ffi.;"u.u"ai"""nt to theelasticneutralaxis'
-5C)
]C

li l lr 2
I t l
o BSI 05-2001
il a)
- t ( ) 38
:
 : t
' t';!j
Section 3 I I S 5 9 5 0 - 1 : 2 0 ..t0 8

The effective width ,bu6ofthe compressionzone under pur:ebending should be obtaineclfrorn:

L2i0et
uA e f f --
, f - t , ,
( t * ' - s - - - t * 1 1f. ; t/-t l* \
t Py* '/\ t cr{

wnere
fr* stressrn the web,seel-igureg;
is the max:lmumcompressive

ft* is the maxLmumtensilestressin the web,seeFigureg;

pyn is the designstrengthofthe web;
"{
t is the web thickness. ;
i{l

The valuesoff,* and fi* usedto determineb"6shouldbe ba.sedon a crc)ss-section in which the web is talienj
as fully effective,using the effectivewidth ofthe compresi;ion
flangelf this is class4 slender. 'i

a
c0 [ompression
flonge

j
o-
o
O
Non-effective
_(l)

.r

N I
-)
co
r
Figure I - Effective width for class 4 slender web .under pure bending
E
J
-o 8.6.3 Singly symrnertrie and unsyrnmetric cross-sections ,r ;
The effective widths detailed in s.6.2.2 may also be usedfor.class4 sinrglysymmetric and ii'nsymmetr'ic :
o cross-sections,;rovicled tlrat accountie taken of the additionalmomentsinducedin the memberdue to tbe
o
o shift ofthe centroid ofthe effectivecross-section comparedto that ofthe gr.osscross-section.
o
o Theseadditional moments should be obtainedby assumingthat the axial compressiveforced acts at tlhq
$
- centroidofthe grosscrose-section, but is resistedby an eqiraland oppositeforceacting at the'centroidef"
E the effectivecross-serction that correspondsto the caseofa uniform stressequal to the disign strength1a,l
c) actingthroughout itsreffectivecross-sectional
.= area.The additional mornents'should be taken into accourit
E in the checkson cross-section capacityand memberbucklirrgresistancegiven in 4.2, 4.8, 4.4,4.7,and 4.6;
= exceptwhere a more onerousconditionoccursif they are o:mitted.
-o
O
;
o
O
C)
a
c
o)
: o Bsl 05-2001
ry BS 5950-1:2000
Sectron 3

ry
"Hil 3.6.4Equal-leg angle sections
For class4 slenderhot rolledeqlual-leg
angle,sections,
the effectivecross'sectionalariaa,4r6-and"effective
the methodgivenin.B.6.B
may beused.Alternatively,

g conservativelybe obtainedusi:ng:
--
"".tl"r
-oaJus 2l"6.abouta.givenaxis may

4"tr
-.= _lzt
H A

Z"n - tSe
b/.t

fl z

where
b/t

H b is the leg length;

t is the thickness-

I 3.6.5 Alternative method

a As an alternative to the methods detailed in 3.6.2, 3.6.3 and 8.6.4, a reduced.desrignstrength p* may be
,r f,O calculatedat which the cross-section
wouldbe classe ""
Th" *Jr*i?;rg;';?;;'din;;
f l , A

f l o shouldthenbeusedin.n-l1ce,:f,p, il the-chectron ""-i-"o-p^ct.

."p*it andmembe,tru.tlirrg.esrsrance
-.1 v
in 4.2, 4-3,4.4,4.?and4.8.Thi; ialue of this reduced
"".tior, grven
dusisn;;;;ctt;;;"y L. oni"j""a no*,
i t o Py, = (Fg/P)zP,
,flo
r!| in whith f is the value of blT, blt, Dtt or dtt thatexceeds the limiting
-9 value p3 given in Table l l or Table 12
for a class 3 semi-compact secti,on.
i, .v 9
NOTE Unless the class 3 semi'compact limit is exceeded by only a small
l c consewative.
margin, the use of this alternative method can be rather
t- o
o
3.6.6 Circular hollow sectionLs
:)
il.^; Providedthat the overall d-iameterD doesnot exceedZ4Liaztheeffective
cross-s,3ctlonal
) effective sectionmodulus Z"6of a class4 slender circular hollow sectionof thickness area,4.u6and
'-
.f t may be determined
N from:
. )
l : f A"n _ l( 80\/zzs\to.o
ila -
= @ A L\fril\tu)J
r d z* -- l( r40\(275110.26
t 5 z L\DZ\;;i]
l-o
4
-(9
l a n
t-o
t- o
ct
- ?
t -
I E
t o
.E
l-o
t. (9
. i
t o -
t o
t o
E
o
l u )
l c -
i, .oo ,
o BSI05-2001
 AnnexG { NEW }

MIEMBIRS
WITHONEFLANGE
LATERALLY
RESTRAINED
 u.\

o
Annex G (normative)
r ;o Members with one flange
o j
O
E G.l General
o
o G.I.I Appticstion
g

c This annex maYbe used for checki

o one flange has continuouslateral:
o
c spacing,sepG.1.4)and the non-res fi;;;;l; co*ptession for at least part of its length' The
non'restrained flange is laterally
:) .Le-"nt length L, should be taken [ttrJpoints at which the
reetrained.
The member may be uniform, haunched.The mOmentsand forcesapplied to haunchedor
N
tapered membersshorrldbe related >axis of the minilnum depth cross-sectionas a referenceaxis'
.>
:f seeFigure G.l.
..?

d
J
c

(9
o
-o
o
o
(o
-?

E
o
.=
E
=
-ct

CI
;
o
O
!
o
a
C
{l) o BSI 06-2001
o 188
t:
 BS 595 0- 1:2000

lntermediote
restroints Axisof resiroint

. l-r--)ts
->l -J--- -<_ F
\ r -'
M,\ Non-restroined
ftonge Mz.,o
Uniform
member
Axisof restroint Referen(eoxl

I
F / '
----(

^/l I Non-restrained
ftsnoe
Topered
member

n
R e f e r e n co ex r s A x i so f r e s t r o r n t
I
! F l'e-:-x-
(T--
--{> l l -

>' Non-restrqined
ftonge
M\ -
H o uched
n member

I + Bothflongesloterotly
restroined
x Oneftongeloierotty
restroined
=
Figure G.l- Members with one flange restrained
: G.L.Z ypes of haunching
)
i The;ecommendationsin this a-nlex may be used.for haunchedor tapereclmemberswrth
t-_- two typesof
hauiicliing, seeFigure G.2, as follows:
\ - two-flangghaunch,of varying depth but with
) uniform flangesof equal size;
f - three-flangehaunch g3de by welding_aT-section
of varying depth to a uniform doublysymmetric
I-section.The additional T-sectionshouldbe obtainedfrom a Ji-iir" oi r"rg"ii-";"ii"".
?
G.L.3 Secti on propertiee
I
or tapered membersor segmentswith-oneflangelaterally rerstrained,the sectionpropertie-o
\ Il^l-l}i"h,:d
snould be basedon cross'_sections
perpendicularto the referenceaxis, but'riih the thirknessof the sloping .
l flange measuredperpendicularto its outer surface. \
)
G.l.4Procedun
Generally the overall out'of'plane buckling of membersor segmentswith one flange restrained.should be
checkedusing G.2. Membersor segmentst-hatcontainplastic"hingelocationssfroufu-be
checked,rriofC.a.

L
)
)
I

o BSI 05-200r L8t

 BS 5 9 5 0 - 1 :2 0 0 0

Iwo-ftange
haunch

(f)
m
/-
\r'o

; Three-flange
haunch

() Key:
io I Bothftanges
lateratty
restrained
Jg
rQ
x Oneftange
tateratty
restrained
L
Figure G.2 - Types of haunches
(C
(J
In additionto the checksgiven in G.2 and G.B:
r
:) - the cross-section capacityshouldbe checkedin accordance with 4.g.8.2;
"f
() - the resistanceto o,rt-ot'-planebuckling betweenintermediatelateral rest,raintsto the restrained
() flangeshouldbe checkedusing an effectivelength lB eQualto the spacingolltheseintermediate
C!
restraints (generally in accordancewith 4.8.s.3 or I:1, wittr U5 arrd P", b.-ased
on trg, or in accordance
i> with
'1 5.3 in the caseof plastic design);
- the in-planebuckling resistanceshouldbe checked,generallyin accordanrce with 4.8.8.8or I.l, but in
oo
accordance with Section5 in the caseofcontinuousstructures.
1i G.2 Lateral buckling
-J
resistamce
J) G.2.|Uniforzn rnetnbers
J1 _+
o(t'For a uniform member or segment with one flange laterally restraiqed and a :non-reslrainedcomliession
flange,in placeof the rcthods given in 4.3, 4.? and 4.8, its rlsistance to overall out-of-ilane buckling about
J)
o
(J
the axis of restraint should lcecheckedby showing that the following criterionLis satGfied:
(u
-) F^ mrM*
ir---:/ 1
1i
(t)
Pc Mb
.t:
r: where
_i
Fc is the axial compression;
ct Mb is the buckling resistancemoment from 4.3.6for an equivalentslenderness,llg,seeG.2.4;
:i M* is the maximum moment about the major axis;
(L
o mt is the equivalentuniform moment factor for restrainedbuckling,seeG.4.2;
C)
I) Pc is the compressionresistancefrom 4.7.4for a slenderness,l.16,
seecl.2.B.
c)
a
c)
.!1 190 @BSI 05-2001
-J
 BS 6960-1:2000

G.2,2 Topered or harunched'.members

lateral.tyrestrainedand a 'non-restrained
For a taperedor haunchedmemberor segmentwith one flaqse ehould be
io"i;r",."il fl"rrg", it;s resietanceto overall out-of-planebu.ck-ling$9u$ !!re axis of restraint
methode givenin i.3,4.7,4.8and 8.2.,5.For this checkit shouldbeshown
checkedas followsi*i;l;;;lthe at which the
at ill points in the length of the member or segment
that the following ..iirtio" is satished
' ;;;:;;;1;^ined fl-angeis in comPression:
: M*i s Mbi\-'FrlP")

where
. F" is the longi'ludinalcompressionon the referenceaxis;
i13,
IVni is the buckltingresistancemomentM6 from 4.3.6 for an equi'valentslenderness
modulus s, s"g, z or 2,"6of the at the
cross'eeclion
seeG.2.4.2,basedon the appropriate
point i coneridered;
M*iisthemomentaboutthemajoraxisac[ingatthepointiconsidered;
Pc
- resistancefrom 4.?.4 for a slendernessi1g, seeG'2'3, basedon the
is the compresr;ion
propertiesof the minimum depth of cross-section within the segmentlength Lr.
i.l
; G.2.3 Slendernese ),pg
shoqldbe taken as:
a The slenderness.llgusedto obtain the compressionresistanceP"
o
o A7g = l),
; in which:
o
o
O 1+ 1zath")2 lo'u
E
:og
-!-
t =
+ 0.05(l/r)2
+ 12alhr,)z l
,!c 1 = L/r,
:o
1: where
Figure G.1;
a is the distarncebetrfeen the referenceaxis and the axis ofregtraint, see
hsisthedietsrncebetweentheshearcentresoftheflanges;
Ly is the lenelih of the segment;
ry is ihe radi's o[gyration for buckling about the minor axis;
& is ae defintd in 4.8.6.8.

G.2.4 E q uiu al ent cl|en clernese )13

G.2.4.1 Uniform menbers
to obtain the buckling resistatre
For a uniform member o[ segpentr the equivalent slenderneesi1g us$d
momentM6 shotrldtreobtainedfrom:
,ltS = 4uVyl
in which:
4a,lh"
u t = o t
Zalh,)-+ 0.05(.1/r)-
].'

where
,lt is the slendernesscorrectionfactor,seeG'4'S;
u is the bucltlingparameterdefinedin 4'3'6'8;
and o, h", r and i are asidefinedin G.2-3.

i91
a DOI E Onnl
 8 S. 6 9 5 0 - 1 : 20 0 0

G.2.4.2 Haunched' and' tapered tnettr'bers

the buckling
the equivalent slenderness.ll3 rrsedto oblain
For a haunched or tapered me;mberor segment,
;;;;;;;-;;ment.M5 should be rrbtained from:

lfe - ctLtvtl

in which:
- for a two-flange haunch:
'[ t
4alh" lo
vt |_.--.--.-.-.------lr
L r * ( 2 a l h " ) z+ o ' 0 5 ( ' r l r ) " 1
- for a three-flangehaunc'h:
4<tlh" u
-'lo
V,
"
= tL ( Z a l h " ) 2+ 0 . O t i ( i / r ) "+ 0 . 0 2 ( , i / r 6 ) - J
1+

where
c is the taPerfactor,seeG'2'5;
"n
8 f-sectionformingt;hehaunchis made;
depthof cross-section
exceptthat h9 r, andr applyto the minimum
and the otherterms are as in G.11.4.1,
0
]11 *iirrl" the segmentlength L'
5 C.z.s
'- ToPer factor
O factorc shouldbe obtainedas follows:
laper lacror
r > 20 the taper
I f'ot an I-sectionwith D > l'28 and
O r L----^-^^^'.anfc'

=L
- for taPered members or segments:

E B (D ^ * ,\t"
g c = r*;:6\D-* /
? -- for haunchedmembersor sregmeinls:
s
R c = 1*1@nrn")2'3Q!-nrLr)o'u

where
P B is the breadth of the rninimum depth cross-section;
Figure G'3;
4 is the additionalctepthof the haunch or taper' see
E
is the maximum ctepthof cross-section within the leneth L',,see'Fi';ureG'3;
D;* '
: the length trr' Figuret'3; c '
is the minimum deptlfrof cross-sectionwithin
(r)
D-,- "u
-, of the un-haunched
r
section,seeFiguie /G.3;
ai- - ^^^ Et:--..:^ : Q.

D" is the verticdl deprth

-o
S L 6 t s r n e l e n g t h o f h a u n r : h w i t h i n t h e s e g m e n t l e n g t h L , , s e e Fsee
i g 4.3.6.8.
ureG.S.
E x- is the torsionalin,dexof the minimum depth cross-section,
!
E
E
:
I
o
;
o
o
O
o
a
o o BSI o5'2ool
o ro9
J
 x = Restraint

c) Haunched segment
b) Haunched segment
a) Tapered segment
taper frnctor
Figure G'3 - Dimensions defining
plastic hinges
G.3 Lateral restraint adjacent to
G.3.1General
flangelaterally restrainedand
where a plastic hinge l<rcat:ion occursin a memberor segmentwith one
flange, trr. ir""i"l"" restrainjrsat, and adjacentto, the plastic
in the non-restrained
comDression G.3.t and G'3'3 respectivelv'exceptthat tbese
""ir"q.rar
hineelocationshould;;lt"fy the recomm"ri;ii;;;;;;;tt location' *hu'* it can be demonstratedthat' under
a need.not be applied^t pl";;liile
o recommendations
tft"^pf"tti" ft-it:g"is."non-potated"' becauseunder l;hatload
all ultimate state loaic;*Uii"ilitt,
o oi il is not vet fullv formed'
combinationit is the l#ilG;Jot- a
to flange of a memberor segmentnot containing
The spacingof lateral restraintsto the non-restrained for buckling out'of-plane'
o plasrichinge should ;;;;;.h ahat G.2 is satisfied
O be suchthat both
lateral restraintsto the restraine,dflangeshould
! In addition,the spacingof interme.dia|e
-9 of the followingconditionsare satlstred:
o shouldnot exceed
spacingof the intermediatelat;eralrestraints
a) adjacentto plastic hingelocatiol": *u
L

c
o ftru u"fuu of L'o determinedfrom 6'3'3;
o using an effective
for out-of-planebuckling when checked
l
c b) elsewhere4.8.3.3or I.1 shouli be satisfied restraint'",ei':ept that this spacingneedbe noL
length L6 eeual to the spacin' oj!h^eint"i*"ai"le-laterai
.f
tesJttran"L- deterrnrined from 5'3'3'
o
o
N G.3.2 Restraints at Plaetic hinges
where * rs
tr,. forcein thercompressionfla4ge.
underallultimateu*it"t*t*loadcombipations,bothflangesshould\3veraterlrestraintateachplastic
t.ills'y"
hinge locatiorr,a"rign;iLlesist " ror.r'uq,rJi "i io"ution' it shouldbe provided within a
dffiil;;;;;i;;
nor pracricableto prorridesuchrestraint depth at the plastic hinge rocation'
distince DtZ arongther length of the memb;;, ;i;." D is itJoverall

193
o BSI 06-2001
 BS 5 9 5 0 - 1 :2 0 0 0

G.3.3 Segment adjacent to a plastic hinge

G.3.3.1 (Inifarm menbers
between points at which
For uniform members or segments und.eriinear mornent gradienL,the length L,
fla.rg" is'laterally restraineclshould nob exceedthe I!miting spacing L" given by:
the non-restrained
Lv ( Mn* \ut
}
r
Ls =
- ---:-{
M;; )
ffi\
. v" - t "F"
. o
where
Figure G. l;
a is the d.istancebeLweenthe referenceaxis and the axis of restraint, see
F" is the axial comPression;
G'3'3'3;
Lk is the limiting length for a uniform member subject to uniform moment, see
Mr* is the plastic moment capacity about the major axis;
the presenceof axial force;
Mr* is the reduced plaLsticmoment capacity about the major axis in
see G'4'2'
tftt is the equivalent unifortn moment factor for restrained buckiing,
L.,'between points at which the
For uniJorm members or segments with intermediate loads, the.length given by:
- non-restr"i;;-fl^;;; is laterally restrained should not exceedthe limiting spracingL.
. Q
o L,.
gr s - - i
I lrt
;
O- oro
",1"
'i.
d t h " s l e n d e r n e s sc o r r e c t i o nf a c t o r ' s e eG ' 4 ' 3 '
nr
D

E C.S.g.z Haunched or tapered nletnbers

points at which the non-restrained
E For haunched or tapered rnembersor segmentsthe length l, between
g h;;;;irl^i.t"rry ti"irained shtuld not exceedthe limiting 6pacing L. given bv:
C
I r
L,.
A
v L s = ;
o "''r
o
N
.
)\ wnere
E c is the taPerfactor,seeG'2'5;
seeG'3'3'3'
p Ly is the limiting length for a uniform membersubjectto uniform mornent,

B C.s.s.s Limiting length Ly

I
'- '^---t ; ^ unifortn -o-hor sA,,mF subject to uniform lrnoment'for an I'secbion
^r segment
member or
"^- a "-if^-'-
-o The limitirig length L1 for
fitrm:'
= il;ffiiiti, ll,lt r > 20 andctepthD = t.z ti-." its bieadthB shouldbeobtairred
, 4 &u alru !'wl' e" v
(J

ts ,r (5.a+600Pi/E")14
O t - L = o 0 . 5
(5'4r'nrlE-t1
-)8
-d where
I - - , -r : . . ^^ r - . - ^ + . : ^ - .
ry is the minor axirsradius of gyration;
E
= r is the torsionaliindex,see4'3'6'8'
c should,le.tlken as fot
For haunchedor taperedmembersor segmentslhe va-luesof r, andr which the "oL{^!l !ho"u
flange
non-restrained
tit" lengthL, betweLnpointsat
O the minimum depthof cror,.-rr.tl-* *itrrln
>, is laterallYrestrained.
n
o
O
. E
(D

C
o o B S I0 5 - 1 0 0 1
.o 194
J
 ItS 5950-l:2000

G.4 Non-uniform morrrents

G,4.LMethods l
In a memberor seguentrrith one$"ng" laterallyrestrainedand compression in the non-rest,rained
flange,
a non-uniformpattern olimajoraxip momentsover the length Lu betweenpoints at which the
nonqestrained flange is laterally lestrained may be allowed fof through either:
- an equivalentuniform momehtfaetor rn, from G.4.2;
- a elendernesetrrer:tion fact{f ni from G.4rS.
Only oneof theeeallowan.cee ahoup be includedin the samecheck.Allowing for a non-uniformmomencby
using values of.rnlor 4 lessthan |.0 should be treafed as two mutually exCirsivealtcrnatives.
For a uniform memberc'ith onoflinge reetrained,'ifa valueof rn, lesatharr 1.0is usedin G.2.1,then the
valueof n1shouldbetqkenae 1.0inrG.2.4.1. Alternatively,a valueof n1less1!han1.0may be usedin G.2.4.1
providedthat the value of rn, ie taken as 1.0 in G.2.1.
G.4.2Equiualent unifo'rm mombnt foctor m,
ry':
lli{
An equivalentuniform mrrcment
fa{to, -, lessthan 1.0may be usedto allow for non-uniformmomentein a
-. uniform.memberwith on,eflangeriistrained and compressionin the non-restrainedflange.
The valuesof n1 specifierdlin Tablel$.I may be usedfor a lineapmomentgradient,dependingon the value
of the end momentratio ll, and the';valueofy, seeG.2.3.The ehd momentratiop, shouldbe taken ae the
Fr ratio of the algebraicallysmaller eFd moment to the larger end momenl M,omentsthat produce
st.
fr' compressionin the non-n:strainedflange shouldbe takenaspdsitive.If thie ratio is lessthan -1.0 the value
.|. of p, shouldbe takenas-1.0,see$eure G.4.
rt'
'fr NOTE This definitionof p, ir difierentfrou the defrnitionof p in Tablel8 and Table26.
it'
gr.
ib

$'
Air
Hr
L 4 l
* \ /-
F-: t t -
s'
Ip: : ' / \
p

fl

r,-;!l|fi--o'o t,'#3 butP,>-r.o

ThurP, =

Figure G.4- Valuo of P1

Deviatione of the pattBrn,of major $xis moments from a linear moment gradient over the menber or
segmentlength Ir ahould be dlodfid for by either:
- taking rn1ae 1.0anclallowinSfor the non-uniformmononts by treating the memberor segmentas a
haunchedoi taperedsegment'wilha value of nllose than 1.0;
- aubstituting a conaervative lidear moment gradient, with a numerical rralue at all points nol leeethan
the applied m6ment ar1clthe eattie numerical value of maximum moment, see Figure G.6'
 BS 6950-1:2000

rnt
'ftlble
a e G.1 - Equivalent uniform moment factorr
Parameter Y
End 0.8 0.9 1.0
moment 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6
0.0 0.1
ratio Bl
0 . 3r 0.28 0.26 o.24
0.51 u.44 0.39 0.35
1.00 0.?6 0.61 0.26
I.U 0.26
0. (i;J 0.52 0.45 0.40 0.36 0 . 3 2 0 . 3 0
-0.9 1.00 0.?8 0.30 0.28
0.53 0.46 0.4i 0.3? 0 . 3 4 0 . 3 2
0.80 0.G4
-0:8 1.00
0.39 0 . 3 6 0.34 0.32 'o 0.30
0.66 0.55 0.47 0.42
4.7 1.00 0.81 I 0.34 0.33
0.(;? lo.se 0.49 0.44 0.40 0 . 3 8 0 . 3 6
l-0.6 1.00 0.83 0.37 0.36
0.46 0.42 0 . 4 0 0.38
0.85 0.69 0.58 0.50
-0.5 1.00
0.48 0.45 0 . 4 , 3 0J{1 0.40 0.3e I
0.86 0.70 0.be o.52
-0.4 1.00
0.47 0.1t5 0.44 0.43 0.42 i
0.72 0.61 0.54 0.50
-0.3 1.00 0.88 0.46 0.45 i
0.53 0.50 0.48 0.4'l
0.89 0 . 74 0.63 0.57
4.2 1.00 0.50 r 0.49 0.49 I
0.90 10.76 i0.65 0.59 t 0 . 5 5 0.53 0.{t1
-0.1 1.00 .55 0 . 5 4 0.53 0.-c2
0.68 0.62 10.58 56
0.0 1.00 o.sz i0.78 0.57 0.57 56
0.tib 0.62 0.59 1.lt8
t.00 0.93r 1.80 ).?0
0.1 0.62 0.61 0.6r 1.60
n Q 9 1.73 0.68 0 . 6 5 0.63
0.2 t.00 0.941 t.65
a 0.69 0 . 6 ? 0 . 6 6 0.65 0.65
co 0.9t' 0.84 0.76 0.71
0.3 1.00 0 . 7 0 0.69 0.69
C) 0.86 0.79 0.75 0.72 0.71 0.70
0.4 1.00 0.96 0 . 74 u74
0.76 0.15 0 . 7 5 0.74
; 0.9? 0.88 0.82 0.78 l
0.5 1.00 0 . 7 9 0.79 0.79
o 0.9I 0.85 0.82 0 . 8 1 0.80 0 . ? 9
0.6 t.00 0.913; 0.8{ l
O 0.85 0.85 0 . 8 4 0.84 0.84
0.9[i 0.93 0.89 0.87
0.? 1.00 0.89 0.89 0.89 0.89
c) 0.92 0 . 9 1 0.90 0.90
0.8 1.00 0.99 0.95 0.94
E 10.95 1 0 . 9 5 0.95 0.95 0.95 0.94
L

1.00 i1.00 0.98 0.96

0.9 1.00 1.00 1.00
o
() i.00 r.00 1.00 1.00 1.00 1.00
1.0 t.00
laDle are uar' rlated from
fr6TE tit" uulues of n, spec;lfied :1 thls
, s rnl = 89 + BtPr+ B2Prz
r O
r O
r N in which:
' > Bz 0.6 _ 0.5
;
, ff , 6 ^ = r * r o ,y l B,=#i6-,, l+ny l+20]'
? lI " r+ 2o!'
@ t
r
E
A
-o

o
a
-o
o
o
(g
a
'-o
o
=
E
:
-o
I
o
;
o
O
E
c)
UI
- @BSI05''t;r'it
i c)
j
o l cr6
 Applied
moment Conservotive
diogrom momentgradient

Conservotive
Applied
moment
momenf
giudient

,.=,
':o G.6 - Conservative moment gradients
,:o
c
:f G.4.3 Slend ente si cctrrzction facto r n 1
-f A slendernesscorrection fscto;
() S T"y be uedto qllow for non-uniform momentsin a member or segment
with one 0ange laterally regt-rar$ed
o and compreseionin the non-reetrainedflange,pro"id.d that the
(\ equivalent uniform moment fachr r,. is tsken ae 1.0.
-) The value of n should be detera{in"d,dror,
f t ; 10.6
nt = +3llz+4Rs+ipni*n;*Z(ns-ne))J
u Ltrtn,
o in which8l b 8qlo.tbe valueejpT8at the ends,quarterpointeand mid-length,seeFigureG.6,and only
o positivevaluesof E ehouldbe influded.
.n

a In addition,onlypositi.vevatuee[f 1Rg- Bs) ehouldbe included,where:

o - 8e is the greaterof.R1or
o
o $;
o -.Eg is the maximumvalueod.Banywherein tbe tengthly. t
? l
(t . :l
(D. .
E
i
:J 7'
o h
c li!

ll
h :,
t
l'l r.

J:...i
D.'i i ,
2 -r:.,
D::.r:-,
Jrlcli.!
 BS 6950-1:2000

Rs=Rr

a
o
O -
Figfure G.6 - Moment ratios
j
see G.2.4, the value of .R sho'uld be obtained from:
o Whencheckipethe lateral buckling resiEtance,
CI

C)
E
M-
o R = pyLxc
+
o
l-

c where
o
(J
Mx is the n'ajor.axismoment,taken as positiyewhen it producescompre$sion in the
f non-restrained flange; I I
Z*. is the section modulus abotrtthe major axis, for calculating the maximum compressive
,o stress.
c!
.> When consideringthe spacingof lateral festraints to the non-restlained flanee hdiacent to a plas$ichinge
:l
.?
r^^^!:^- . ^^^
location, see F
G.8.8, the -value
o o +L^ .^1,.^
of It' should lbe
^f I, ^L^,,1,1
obtained Sfrom:
'o ^l'fainarl rnm.

@
M*+ aF"
R =
E Prs*
-o whefe 4
o
oU'
o is the distance between the referenceaxis aud the axis ofrestraint, see Figure G.1;
-ct 4 is the axial compression;
o
o Sx is the major axis plastic moduflus.
'2o

!
o
.=
E
=
-o

o
;
o-
o
c)
u
o
o
c
o
o o BSI o5-Boo1
=