3.electromagnetic Theory - NET-JRF - VKS PDF

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InstituteforNET/JRF,GATE,IITJAM,JEST,TIFRandGREinPHYSICALSCIENCES

ELECTROMAGNETIC THEORY
JRF/NET(JUNE-2011)
Q1. The electrostatic potential V(x, y) in free space in a region where the charge density is
zero is given by V ( x, y ) = 4e 2 x + f ( x ) 3 y 2 . Given that the x-component of the electric
field Ex, and V are zero at the origin, f(x) is
(a) 3x 2 4e 2 x + 8 x (b) 3x 2 4e 2 x + 16 x
(c) 4e 2 x 8 (d) 3x 2 4e 2 x
Ans: (d)
Solution: V = 4e 2 x + f ( x ) 3 y 2 . Since = 0 2V = 0 16e 2 x + f ( x ) 6 = 0 .
Since E x = 0 at origin E = V E x = 8e 2 x + f ( x ) [ ]
E x (0, 0) = [8 + f (0)] = 0 f (0 ) = 8 .
Since V (0, 0 ) = 0 4 + f (0 ) = 0 f (0 ) = 4
Solve equation 16e 2 x + f ( x ) 6 = 0 f ( x ) = 6 16e 2 x f (x ) = 6 x 8e 2 x + c1 , since

f (0 ) = 8 c1 = 0 .
Again Integrate f ( x ) = 6 x 8e 2 x f ( x ) = 3 x 2 4e 2 x + c 2
since f (0 ) = 4 c 2 = 0 . Thus f ( x ) = 3x 2 4e 2 x
Q2. For constant uniform electric and magnetic field E = E 0 and B = B0 , it is possible to
choose a gauge such that the scalar potential and vector potential A are given by
(a) = 0 and A =
1
2
(
B0 r ) (b) = E 0 r and A =
1
2
(
B0 r )
(c) = E 0 r and A = 0 (d) = 0 and A = E 0 t
Ans: (a)
Solution: Let E = E 0 ( x + y + z ) and B = B0 ( x + y + z ) since they are constant vector.
V
Lorentz Gauge condition is A = 0 0
t

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{since B r = B 0 ( z y )x B 0 ( z x )y + B 0 ( y x )z }

(a) = 0 and A = 0 (b) 0, and A = 0
t t

(c) 0 and A = 0 (d) 0 and A 0
t t
Q3. A plane electromagnetic wave is propagating in a lossless dielectric. The electric field is
given by
[ {
E ( x, y, z , t ) = E 0 ( x + Az ) exp ik 0 ct + x + 3 z , ( )}]
where c is the speed of light in vacuum, E0, A and k0 are constant and x and z are unit
vectors along the x- and z-axes. The relative dielectric constant of the medium r and the
constant A are
1 1
(a) r = 4 and A = (b) r = 4 and A = +
3 3
(c) r = 4 and A = 3 (d) r = 4 and A = 3

Ans: (a)
[ {
Solution: E ( x, y, z , t ) = E 0 ( x + Az ) exp ik 0 ct + x + 3 z . ( )}]
Comparing with term e i (k r t ) k = k 0 x + 3 z and = k 0 c .( )
k0c c
Since v = = = Refractive index n = r = 2 r = 4.
k k 02 + 3k 02 2
( )
Since k n = 0 k 0 x + 3 z ( x + Az ) = 0 k 0 1 + A 3 = 0 A = ( ) 1
3
A Kr
Q4. A static, spherically symmetric charge distribution is given by (r ) = e where A and
r
K are positive constants. The electrostatic potential corresponding to this charge
distribution varies with r as
(a) re Kr (b)
1 Kr
r
re (c)
1 Kr
r2
re (d)
1
r
(
1 e Kr )





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Ans: (b)
Solution: since 2V = / 0
A kr 1 2 V
2V must be proportional to e where 2V = 2 r .
r r r r
Q5. The magnetic field of the TE11 mode of a rectangular waveguide of dimensions a b as
shown in the figure is given by H z = H 1 cos(0.3 x ) cos(0.4 y ) , where x and y are in cm.
x
z
b
y
A. The dimensions of the waveguide are
(a) a = 3.33 cm, b = 2.50 cm (b) a = 0.40 cm, b = 0.30 cm
(c) a = 0.80 cm, b = 0.60 cm (d) a = 1.66 cm, b = 1.25 cm
Ans: (a)
Solution: Since H z = H 0 cos(0.3x ) cos(0.4y )
m n
= 0.3 where m = 1 and = 0.4 where n = 1
a b
a = 3.33cm, b = 2.50cm
B. The entire range of frequencies f for which the TE11 mode will propagate is
(a) 6.0 GHz < f < 7.5 GHz (b) 7.5 GHz < f < 9.0 GHz
(c) 7.5 GHz < f < 12.0 GHz (d) 7.5 GHz < f
Ans: (d)
2 2
c m n c 1 1
Solution: f m , n = + f1,1 = + 2 = 7.5 GH z .
2 a b 2 a 2
b
For propagation, frequency of incident wave must be greater than cutoff frequency.





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JRF/NET-(DEC-2011)
Q6. Consider three polarizers P1, P2 and P3 placed along an axis as shown in the figure.
P1 P2 P3
(unpolarized)
I0
The pass axis of P1 and P3 are at right angles to each other while the pass axis of P2
makes an angle with that of P1. A beam of unpolarized light of intensity I0 is incident
on P1 as shown. The intensity of light emerging from P3 is
I0 I0 I0
(a) 0 (b) (c) sin 2 2 (d) sin 2 2
2 8 4
Ans: (c)
Solution: I = I 0 cos 2 (Malus Law)
I0 I0 I0 I
I1 = , I2 = cos 2 , I3 = cos 2 cos 2 (90 ) = 0 sin 2 2 .
2 2 2 8
Q7. Four equal point charges are kept fixed at the four vertices of a square. How many neutral
points (i.e. points where the electric field vanishes) will be found inside the square?
(a) 1 (b) 4 (c) 5 (d) 7
Ans: (a)
Solution: Inside the square, there is only one point where field vanishes.
Q8. A static charge distribution gives rise to an electric field of the form E = 1 e r / R ( ) r ,
r2
where and R are positive constants. The charge contained within a sphere of radius R,
centred at the origin is
e e2 R R2
(a) 0 (b) 0 (c) 4 0 (d) 0
R2 R2 e e
Ans: None of the options given are correct
2
Solution: Qenc = 0 E da = 0 1 e r / R ( ) r (r 2
)
sin ddr = 0 (1 e
r / R
)sin dd
r 2
0 0





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1
at r = R , Qenc = 4 0 1 . So none of the options given are correct.
e
Q9. In a Youngs double slit interference experiment, the slits are at a distance 2L from each
other and the screen is at a distance D from the slits. If a glass slab of refractive index
and thickness d is placed in the path of one of the beams, the minimum value of d for the
central fringe to be dark is
D D
(a) (b) (c) (d)
( 1) D +L2 2 ( 1)L ( 1) 2( 1)
Ans: (d)
n
Solution: For central fringe to be dark, ( 1)d = d =
2 2( 1)
Q10. Consider a solenoid of radius R with n turns per unit length, in which a time dependent
current I = I0 sint (where R/c << 1) flows. The magnitude of the electric field at a
perpendicular distance r < R from the axis of symmetry of the solenoid, is
1 1 1
(a) 0 (b) 0 nI 0 R 2 cos t (c) 0 nI 0 r sin t (d) 0 nI 0 r cos t
2r 2 2
Ans: (d)
Solution: E dl =
B
t
da ; (B = nI (t )z ).
0
2r 2
r
dI
E 2r = 0 n
dt 2r dr = 0 n I 0 cos t
r =0
2
1
E = 0 nI 0 r cos t
2
Q11. A constant electric current I in an infinitely long straight wire is suddenly switched on at t
= 0. The vector potential at a perpendicular distance r from the wire is given
by A =
k 0 I 1
2
(
ln ct + c 2 t 2 r 2
r
) . The electric field at a distance r (< ct) is
0 I 1 c 0 I c 0 I
(a) 0 (b)
2 t 2
(i j ) (c)
1
(
i+ j ) (d) k
2 c 2 t 2 r 2 2 2 c 2 t 2 r 2





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Ans: (d)
A A I r 1 2c 2 t
c + .
Solution: E =
t
=
t
E= 0
2 ct + c 2 t 2 r 2 ( ) r 2 c 2t 2 r 2

c 0 I
E= k
2 c t r 2 2 2
JRF/NET-(JUNE-2012)
1 10
Q12. The magnetic field corresponding to the vector potential A = F r + 3 r where F is
2 r
a constant vector, is
30 30
(a) F (b) F (c) F + r (d) F r
r4 r4
Ans: (a)
Solution: B = A =
1
[ (
)]
r
F r + 10 3 . Since F is a constant vector, let
2 r
x y z
F = F0 ( x + y + z ) , F r = F0 F0 F0 = x ( z y )F0 y ( z x )F0 + z ( y x )F0
x y z
x y z
(
F r =

x
)
y

z
= x[F0 + F0 ] y [ F0 F0 ] + z[F0 + F0 ] = 2 F0 ( x + y + z )
(z y )F0 (x z )F0 ( y x )F0

1
2
[ ( )] r
r
F r = F0 ( x + y + z ) = F , 3 = 0 . Thus B = F
Q13. An electromagnetic wave is incident on a water-air interface. The phase of the

perpendicular component of the electric field, E , of the reflected wave into the water is
found to remain the same for all angles of incidence. The phase of the magnetic field H
(a) does not change (b) changes by 3/2
(c) changes by /2 (d) changes by
Ans: (d)





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Q14. The magnetic field at a distance R from a long straight wire carrying a steady current I is
proportional to
(a) IR (b) I /R2 (c) I2/R2 (d) I / R
Ans: (d)
Q15. Which of the following questions is Lorentz invariant?
2 2 2 2 2 2 2
(a) E B (b) E B (c) E + B (d) E B
Ans: (b)
Q16. Charges Q, Q and -2Q are placed on the vertices of an equilateral triangle ABC of sides
of length a, as shown in the figure. The dipole moment of this configuration of charges,
irrespective of the choice of origin, is - 2Q
j C
(a) + 2aQ i
a a
(b) + 3aQ j
A B
a Q
(c) 3aQ j Q
(d) 0 i
Ans: (c)
Solution: Let coordinates of A is (l, m), then
a 3a
[ ] [ ]
p = qi ri = Q li + mj + Q (l + a )i + mj 2Q l + i + m + j
2
2
[ ] [ ] [
p = Q li + mj + Q (l + a )i + mj Q (2l + a )i + 2m + 3a j p = 3aQj ( )]
mr
Q17. The vector potential A due to a magnetic moment m at a point r is given by A = .
r3
If m is directed along the positive z-axis, the x-component of the magnetic field, at the
point r , is
3myz 3mxy 3mxz 3m(z 2 xy )
(a) (b) (c) (d)
r5 r5 r5 r5
Ans: (c)





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Solution: m = mz and
r
m
r
1
(
B = A = 3 2 cos r + sin = 3 [3(m r )r m] )
1 xx + yy + zz r 3mxz
B= 3mz mz Bx =
r3 r r r5
JRF/NET-(DEC-2012)
Q18. Three charges are located on the circumference of a circle of radius R as shown in the
figure below. The two charges Q subtend an angle 90 at the centre
Q Q
of the circle. The charge q is symmetrically placed with respect to
the charges Q. If the electric field at the centre of the circle is zero,
what is the magnitude of Q?
(a) q / 2 (b) 2q (c) 2q (d) 4q q
Ans: (a)
1 Q 1 q
Solution: E1 = E 2 = and E3 =
4 0 R 2
4 0 R 2
q
Resultant of E1 and E 2 is E = E12 + E 22 = 2E1 , Thus E3 = E Q =
2
Q19. Consider a hollow charged shell of inner radius a and outer radius b. The volume charge
k
density is (r ) = (k is constant) in the region a < r < b. The magnitude of the electric
r2
field produced at distance r > a is
k (b a )
(a) for all r > a ,
0r 2
k (b a ) kb
(b) for a < r < b and for r > b
0r 2
0r 2
k (r a ) k (b a )
(c) for a < r < b and for r > b
0r 2
0r 2
k (r a ) k (b a )
(d) for a < r < b and for r > b
0a 2
0r 2
Ans: (c)





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Solution: For r < a
2 1 1 1 k 2
E.da = E(4r ) = Qenc = dV = r sin drdd
0 0 0 r 2
4k r 4k k ra
E(4r 2 ) = a dr = (r a) E = r
0 0 0 r 2
For r > a
4k b 4k k b a
E4r 2 = a dr = (b a) E = r
0 0 0 r 2
Q20. Consider the interference of two coherent electromagnetic waves whose electric field
vectors are given by E1 = iE 0 cos t and E 2 = jE 0 cos( t + ) where is the phase
0
difference. The intensity of the resulting wave is given by E 2 , where E 2 is the
2
time average of E2. The total intensity is
(a) 0 (b) 0 E 02 (c) 0 E 02 sin 2 (d) 0 E 02 cos 2
Ans: (a)
Solution: Since waves are polarized in perpendicular direction hence there will be no
interference.
Q21. Four charges (two + q and two q) are kept fixed at the four vertices of a square of side a
as shown. At the point P which is at a distance R q q
from the centre (R >> a), the potential is
proportional to
(a) 1/R (b) 1/R2 a R P
(c) 1/R3 (d) 1/R4

Ans: (c)
q q
Solution: Given configuration is quadrupole.
Q22. A point charges q of mass m is kept at a distance d below a grounded infinite conducting
sheet which lies in the xy - plane. For what value of d will the charge remains stationary?
(a) q / 4 mg 0 (b) q / mg 0
(c) There is no finite value of d (d) mg 0 / q





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Ans: (a)
Solution: There is attractive force between point charge q and grounded conducting sheet that
q2 q 1
can be calculate from method of images i.e. = mg d =
4 0 (2d ) 2
4 mg 0
Q23. An infinite solenoid with its axis of symmetry along the z-direction carries a steady
current I.
z
The vector potential A at a distance R from the axis
(a) is constant inside and varies as R outside the solenoid
R
(b) varies as R inside and is constant outside the solenoid
1
(c) varies as inside and as R outside the solenoid
R
1
(d) varies as R inside and as outside the solenoid
R
Ans: (d)
Q24. Consider an infinite conducting sheet in the xy-plane with a time dependent current
density Kt i , where K is a constant. The vector potential at ( x, y , z ) is given
0 K
by A = (ct z )2 i . The magnetic field B is
4c
0 Kt 0 Kz 0 K 0 K
(a) j (b) j (c) (ct z )i (d) (ct z ) j
2 2c 2c 2c
Ans: (d)
Ax K
B = A = y = 0 (ct z ) j
z 2c
Q25. When a charged particle emits electromagnetic radiation, the electric field E and the
1 1
Poynting vector S = E B at a larger distance r from emitter vary as n and
0 r
1
respectively. Which of the following choices for n and m are correct?
rm
(a) n = 1 and m = 1 (b) n = 2 and m = 2
(c) n = 1 and m = 2 (d) n = 2 and m = 4
Ans: (c)





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JRF/NET-(JUNE-2013)
Q26. A particle of charge e and mass m is located at the midpoint of the line joining two fixed
collinear dipoles with unit charges as shown in the figure. (The particle is constrained to
move only along the line joining the dipoles). Assuming that the length of the dipoles is
much shorter than their separation, the natural frequency of oscillation of the particle is
R R
+ e, m +
2d 2d
6eR 2 6eR 6ed 2 6ed

(a) (b) (c) (d)
0 md 5 0 md 4 0 mR 5 0 mR 4
Ans: (d) R R
x
+ e, m A +
2d 2d
Let us displace the charge particle by small amount x at A. Then the resultant electric
field at point A is given by
2p 1 1 6d
E= 3
= x where p = 1.2d = 2d .
4 0 (R + x ) 3
(R x ) 0 R 4
6ed
F = eE = x
0 R 4
k 6ed
Then = =
m 0 mR 4





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Q27. A current I is created by a narrow beam of protons moving in vacuum with constant
velocity u . The direction and magnitude, respectively, of the Poynting vector S outside
the beam at a radial distance r (much larger than the width of the beam) from the axis,
are
I2 I2
(a) S u and S = (b) S || ( u ) and S =
4 2 0 u r 2 4 2 0 u r 4
I2 I2
(c) S || u and S = (d) S || u and S =
4 2 0 u r 2 4 2 0 u r 4
Ans: (c)
Solution: Let charge per unit length be , hence I = u in z-direction.
0 I
The magnetic field at a distance r is B = .
2r
I
The electric field at a distance r is E = r = r .
2 0 r 2 0 ur
EB I2
Hence Poynting vector S = = z
0 4 2 0 ur 2
Q28. If the electric and magnetic fields are unchanged when the potential A changes (in
suitable units) according to A A + r , where r = r (t )r , then the scalar potential must
simultaneously change to
(a) r (b) + r (c) r / t (d) + r / t
Ans: (c)
Solution: A = A + = A + r / r = 1 = r + C
V =V / t =V r / t
Q29. Consider an axially symmetric static charge distribution of the form,
2
r0 r / r0
= 0 e cos 2
r
The radial component of the dipole moment due to this charge distribution is
(a) 2 0 r04 (b) 0 r04 (c) 0 r04 (d) 0 r04 / 2





fiziks

Ans: (a)
2
r
p = r (r )d = r 0 0 e r / r0 cos 2 r 2 sin dr dd
V r
r0 2
r e 0 dr sin d cos d = 2 0 r0
r / r
p = 0 r02 2 4
r =0 0 0
Q30. The components of a vector potential A ( A0 , A1 , A2 , A3 ) are given by
A = k ( xyz, yzt , zxt , xyt )
where k is a constant. The three components of the electric field are

(a) k ( yz, zx, xy ) (b) k ( x, y, z ) (c) (0, 0, 0 ) (d) k ( xt , yt , zt )
Ans: (c)
Solution: A = ( , Ax , Ay , Az ) = kxyz, Ax = kyzt , Ay = kzxt , Az = kxyt
A
Since = k ( yzx xzy xyz ) and = k ( yzx + xzy + xyz )
t
A
E = = k ( yzx + xzy + xyz ) k ( yzx + xzy + xyz ) = 0 E = (0,0,0 )
t
Q31. An oscillating current I (t ) = I 0 exp( it ) flows in the direction of the y-axis through a
thin metal sheet of area 1.0 cm2 kept in the xy -plane. The rate of total energy radiated per
unit area from the surfaces of the metal sheet at a distance of 100 m is
(
(a) I 0 / 12 0 c 3 ) (
(b) I 02 2 / 12 0 c 3 )
(c) I 02 / (12 c ) 0
3
(d) I 0 2 / (24 c ) 0
3
Ans: (b)





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JRF/NET-(DEC-2013)
Q32. A horizontal metal disc rotates about the vertical axis in a uniform magnetic field
pointing up as shown in the figure. A circuit is made by connecting one end A of a
resistor to the centre of the disc and the other end B to its edge through a sliding contact.
The circuit that flows through the resistor is
B
A B
(a) zero (b) DC from A to B

(c) DC from B to A (d) AC
Ans: (b)
Q33. The force between two long and parallel wires carrying currents I 1 and I 2 and separated
by a distance D is proportional to
(b) (I 1 + I 2 ) / D (c) (I 1 I 2 / D )
2
(a) I 1 I 2 / D (d) I 1 I 2 / D 2
Ans: (a)
Q34. The electric field of an electromagnetic wave is given by
E = E 0 cos[ (0.3x + 0.4 y 1000t )]k .
The associated magnetic field B is

(a) 10 3 E 0 cos[ (0.3 x + 0.4 y 1000t )]k
)
(b) 10 4 E 0 cos[ (0.3 x + 0.4 y 1000t )] 4i 3 j (
(c) E cos[ (0.3 x + 0.4 y 1000t )](0.3i + 0.4 j )
0
(d) 10 E cos[ (0.3 x + 0.4 y 1000t )](3i + 4 j )

2
0
Ans: (b)
Solution: k = (0.3 x + 0.4 y ), = 1000t





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kE
(0.3 x + 0.4 y ) E 0 cos[ (0.3x + 0.4 y 1000t )]k
1
B= =

B = 10 4 E 0 cos[ (0.3x + 0.4 y 1000t )] 4i 3 j ( )
Q35. A point charge q is placed symmetrically at a distance d from two perpendicularly
placed grounded conducting infinite plates as shown in the figure. The net force on the
charge (in units of 1 / 4 0 ) is
q
(a)
q2
8d 2
( )
2 2 1 away from the corner
d
d
(b)
q2
8d 2
( )
2 2 1 towards the corner
q2
(c) towards the corner
2 2d 2
3q 2 F3
(d) away from the corner d d
8d 2 q q
Ans: (b) F1
F2 d
q 2
q 2
Solution: F 1 = F 2 = k 2
and F 3 = k 2
4d 8d d
q2 +q q
Resultant of F 1 , F 2 is F12 = F12 + F22 = 2 2k . 2d
8d 2
Net force F = k
q2
8d 2
( )
2 2 1 (towards the corner)
Q36. If the electrostatic potential V (r , , ) in a charge free region has the form
V (r ) = f (r ) cos , then the functional form of f (r ) (in the following a and b are
constants) is:
b b b r
(a) ar 2 + (b) ar + (c) ar + (d) a ln
r r2 r b
Ans: (b)





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1 V 1 V 1 2V
Solution: 2V = 2 r 2 + sin + =0
r r r r 2 sin r 2 sin 2 2
1 2 f 1
r cos + 2 ( sin f sin ) = 0
r r r r sin
2
cos 2 2 f f f
r 2 + 2r 2 ( 2sin cos ) = 0
r2 r r r sin
2 f f
r2 + 2r 2 f ( r ) = 0
r
2
r
b
f (r ) = ar + satisfy the above equation.
r2
Q37. Let four point charges q, q / 2, q and q / 2 be placed at the vertices of a square of
side a . Let another point charge q be placed at the cnetre of the square (see the figure).
q/2 q
q q/2
Let V (r ) be the electrostatic potential at a point P at a distance r >> a from the centre
of the square. Then V (2r ) / V (r ) is
1 1 1
(a) 1 (b) (c) (d)
2 4 8
Ans: (d)
q q
Solution: According to multipole expansion Qmono = +q +qq =0
2 2
q
p = q(ax + ay ) (ax + ay ) q(ax ay ) + q( ax ay ) q ( ax + ay ) + 0 = 0
2 2
1 V (2r ) 1
Thus V = .
r 3
V (r ) 8





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Q38. ( ) ( )
Let V , A and V , A denote two sets of scalar and vector potentials, and a scalar
function. Which of the following transformations leave the electric and magnetic fields
(and hence Maxwells equations) unchanged?

(a) A = A + and V = V (b) A = A and V = V + 2
t t

(c) A = A + and V = V + (d) A = A and V = V
t t
Ans: (a)
JRF/NET(JUNE-2014)
Q39. A time-dependent current I (t ) = Ktz (where K is a constant) is switched on at t = 0 in
an infinite current-carrying wire. The magnetic vector potential at a perpendicular
distance a from the wire is given (for time t > a / c ) by
0 K c t a K
2 2 2
ct
ct a 2 + z 2 t
(a) z
4 c c t a
dz
2 2 (a 2 + z 2 )1 / 2
2
(b) z 0
4 dz (a
ct
2
+ z2 )1/ 2
c 2t 2 a 2
K ct ct a 2 + z 2 K t
(c) z 0 dz (d) z 0 dz
4 c ct (a 2 + z 2 )1 / 2 4 c 2t 2 a 2 (a 2
+ z2 )
1/ 2
Ans: (a)
0
I ( tr ) 0
K (t R / c ) I
Solution: A = z
4

R
dz = z
4

R
dz dz
z R
c 2t 2 a 2
0 K ct a + z 2 2
A = z dz P
4 c (a ) a
1/2
c t a
2 2 2
2
+ z2





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Q40. A current i p flows through the primary coil of a transformer. The graph of i p (t ) as a
function of time t is shown in the figure below.

i p (t )
1 2 3 t
Which of the following graphs represents the current i S in the secondary coil?
(a) (b)
is ( t ) is ( t )
1 2 3 t
1 2 3 t
is ( t )
(c) (d)
is ( t )
1 2 3t
1 2 3t
Ans: (c)
di p
Solution: is
dt
Q41. If the electrostatic potential in spherical polar coordinates is
(r ) = 0 e r / r0
where 0 and r0 are constants, then the charge density at a distance r = r0 will be
0 0 e 0 0 0 0 2e 0 0
(a) (b) (c) (d)
er 0
2
2r02 er 0
2
r02





fiziks

Ans: (a)

Solution: 2 = = 0 ( 2 )
0
1 2 1 2 0 r / r0 1 0 2 r / r0 1
2 = 2 r = 2
r r r r r
r e
r0
= 2
r r0 r
r e
r r0
1
r0
( )
= 2 0 r 2 e r / r0 + 2re r / r0

1 2
2 = 0 e r / r0 + e r / r0
r0 r0 r
0 1 2 1 0 0 0 0
At a distance r = r0 , 2 = e + e = 2 = 0 2 = 2
1
r0 r0 r0 r0 e r0 e r0 e
Q42. If A = yzi + zxj + xyk and C is the circle of unit radius in the plane defined by z = 1 ,
with the centre on the z - axis, then the value of the integral C
A d is

(a) (b) (c) (d) 0
2 4
Ans: (d)
i j k

Solution: A = = i ( x x ) j ( y y ) + k ( z z ) = 0
x y z
yz zx xy
Since A d = A d a = 0
C
( )
S
Q43. Consider an electromagnetic wave at the interface between two homogenous dielectric
media of dielectric constants 1 and 2 . Assuming 2 > 1 and no charges on the
surface, the electric field vector E and the displacement vector D in the two media
satisfy the following inequalities
(a) E 2 > E1 and D2 > D1 (b) E 2 < E1 and D2 < D1
(c) E 2 < E1 and D2 > D1 (d) E 2 > E1 and D2 < D1





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Q44. A charge ( e ) is placed in vacuum at the point (d ,0,0 ) , where d > 0 . The region x 0
d
is filled uniformly with a metal. The electric field at the point ,0,0 is
2
10e 10e
(a) (1, 0, 0) (b) (1, 0, 0)
9 0 d 2 9 0 d 2
e e
(c) (1, 0, 0) (d) (1, 0, 0)
0 d 2 0 d 2
Ans: (b) E
d
E+
2 P
x
+e d 0 d e
1 e 1 4e 1 e 1 4e
E+ = = and E = =
4 0 ( 3d / 2 ) 2
4 0 9d 2
4 0 ( d / 2 ) 2
4 0 d 2
Thus resultant electric field at point P is

1 4e 1 4e 1 40e 1 10e 1 10e
E = E+ + E = + = = E= x
4 0 9d 2
4 0 d 2
4 0 9d 2
9 0 d 2
9 0 d 2
Q45. A beam of light of frequency is reflected from a dielectric-metal interface at normal
incidence. The refractive index of the dielectric medium is n and that of the metal is
n 2 = n(1 + i ) . If the beam is polarised parallel to the interface, then the phase change
experienced by the light upon reflection is
(a) tan (2 / ) (b) tan 1 (1 / ) (c) tan 1 (2 / ) (d) tan 1 (2 )
Ans: (c)
1 v1 c/n
Solution: Since E0 R = E0 I where = = = 1 + i
1+ v2 c / n (1 + i )
i ei /2 i( /2+ )
E0 R = 0 I
E = E0 I = e E0 I where tan = .
+ i 2 i 4 + 2
2 4+ e 2
2 2
Thus phase change = ( / 2 + ) tan = cot = = tan 1





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Q46. A thin, infinitely long solenoid placed along the z - axis contains a magnetic flux .
Which of the following vector potentials corresponds to the magnetic field at an arbitrary
point (x, y, z ) ?

(a) (Ax , Ay , Az ) =
y x
, ,0
2 x + y 2 x + y
2 2 2 2

(b) (Ax , Ay , Az ) =
y x
, ,0
2 x + y + z 2 x + y + z
2 2 2 2 2 2

x+ y x+ y
(c) (Ax , Ay , Az ) = , ,0
2 x + y 2 x + y
2 2 2 2

(d) (Ax , Ay , Az ) =
x y
, ,0
2 x + y 2 x + y
2 2 2 2

Ans: (a) B = A = 0
Q47. An electromagnetically-shielded room is designed so that at a frequency = 10 7 rad/s
the intensity of the external radiation that penetrates the room is 1% of the incident
10 6 (m ) is the conductivity of the shielding material, its

1 1
radiation. If =
2
minimum thickness should be (given that ln 10 = 2.3 )
(a) 4.60 mm (b) 2.30 mm (c) 0.23 mm (d) 0.46 mm
Ans: (b)
Solution:
1 I0
I = I 0 e 2 z z =
2 I
ln
I0 1 1
where = 100, = = 106 4 107 107 = 103
I 2 2 2
1
z= ln (100 ) = 2.30 mm
2 103





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Q48. A charged particle is at a distance d from an infinite conducting plane maintained at zero
potential. When released from rest, the particle reaches a speed u at a distance d / 2 from
the plane. At what distance from the plane will the particle reach the speed 2u ?
(a) d / 6 (b) d / 3 (c) d / 4 (d) d / 5
Ans: (b) x
d x2
1 q d x A 2
q 2 2
Solution: F = ma = m = 2 = 2 where A = . P +q
dt 2
4 0 4d 2
dt x 16 m 0
d
dv A dv dv A dx 1 d 2 d A

dt
= 2 v v
x dt dt
= 2
x dt

2 dt
v =
dt x
( ) 0
v2 A A 1 1 d
= + C at x = d , v = 0 C = v = 2 A .
2 x d x d
q
1 1 2A 1 1 d
Thus u = 2 A = then 2u = 2 A x =
d /2 d d x d 5
JRF/NET(DEC-2014)
Q49. A charged particle moves in a helical path under the influence of a constant
magnetic field. The initial velocity is such that the component along the
magnetic field is twice the component in the plane normal to the magnetic l
field.
The ratio / R of the pitch to the radius R of the helical path is 2R
(a) / 2 (b) 4 (c) 2 (d)
Ans: (b)
Solution: v = 2v
2 R 2 R l
Pitch of the helix l = v T = v = 2v = 4 R = 4
v v R
Q50. A parallel beam of light of wavelength is incident normally on a thin polymer film
with air on both sides. If the film has a refractive index n > 1 , then second-order bright
fringes can be observed in reflection when the thickness of the film is
(a) / 4n (b) / 2n (c) 3 / 4n (d) / n





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Ans: (c)

Solution: For constructive interference: 2nd cos = ( 2m + 1)
2
For normal incidence ( = 0 ) and second order ( m = 1)
3
2nd cos 0 = ( 2 1 + 1) d =
2 4n
Q51. A solid sphere of radius R has a charge density, given by
ar
(r ) = 0 1
R
where r is the radial coordinate and 0 , a and R are positive constants. If the
magnitude of the electric field at r = R / 2 is 1.25 times that at r = R , then the value of a
is
(a) 2 (b) 1 (c) 1 / 2 (d) 1 / 4
Ans: (b)
r
1 1 ar
E .d a = Qenc E 4 r = 1 4 r dr
2 2
Solution:
S 0 0 0
0
R
40 2 ar 3 2 40 r 3 ar 4 0 r ar 2
r
0 0
E 4 r 2 = r r dr = E =
R 0 3 4R 0 3 4R
0 R / 2 aR 2 / 4 0 R aR 2
Er = R / 2 = 1.25 Er = R = 1.25
0 3 4R 0 3 4R
1 a 5 1 a 1 a 5 5a 5a a 5 1
= = =
6 16 4 3 4 6 16 12 16 16 16 12 6
4a 5 2 a 3
= = a =1
16 12 4 12





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Q52. The electrostatic lines of force due to a system of four point charges is sketched below.
At large distance r , the leading asymptotic behaviour of the electrostatic potential is

proportional to
(a) r (b) r 1 (c) r 2 (d) r 3
Ans: (d)
1
Solution: The given electrostatic line of force is due to a quadrupole. So V .
r3
Q53. A plane electromagnetic wave incident normally on the surface of a material is partially
reflected. Measurements on the standing wave in the region in front of the interface show
that the ratio of the electric field amplitude at the maxima and the minima is 5. The ratio
of the reflected intensity to the incident intensity is
(a) 4 / 9 (b) 2 / 3 (c) 2 / 5 (d) 1 / 5
Ans: (a)
E0 I + E0 R E 2
Solution: = 5 E0 I + E0 R = 5 ( E0 I E0 R ) 6 E0 R = 4 E0 I 0 R =
E0 I E0 R E0 I 3
2
I E 4
R = 0R =
I I E0 I 9
Q54. A non-relativistic particle of mass m and charge e , moving with a velocity v and
acceleration a , emits radiation of intensity I . What is the intensity of the radiation
emitted by a particle of mass m / 2 , charge 2e , velocity v / 2 and acceleration 2a ?
(a) 16 I (b) 8 I (c) 4 I (d) 2 I
Ans: (a)
q 2 a 2 sin 2 I 2 q22 a22 I 2 4e 2 4a 2
Solution: I = = = 16 I 2 = 16 I
r2 I1 q12 a12 I e2 a 2





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JRF/NET(JUNE-2015)
Q55. A Plan electromagnetic wave is travelling along the positive z -direction. The maximum
electric field along the x - direction is 10 V / m . The approximate maximum values of the
power per unit area and the magnetic induction B , respectively, are
(a) 3.3 107 watts / m 2 and 10 tesla
(b) 3.3 107 watts / m 2 and 3.3 108 tesla
(c) 0.265 watts / m 2 and 10 tesla
(d) 0.265 watts / m 2 and 3.3 108 tesla

Ans. (d)
P 1 1
= c 0 E02 = 3 108 8.86 1012 (10 ) = 0.132 W / m 2
2
Solution: E0 = 10V / m, I =
A 2 2
E0 10
B0 = = = 3.3 108 Tesla
c 3 10 8
Q56. ( ) (
Which of the following transformations V , A V ', A ' of the electrostatic potential )
V and the vector potential A is a gauge transformation?
(
(a) V = V + ax, A = A + at k ) (
(b) V = V + ax, A = A at k )
(
(c) V = V + ax, A = A + at i ) (
(d) V = V + ax, A = A at i )
Ans. (d)

Solution: V = V = ax = axt + c
t t
atx
Thus A = A atx
Q57. Suppose the yz -plane forms a chargeless boundary between two media of permittivities
left and right where left :right = 1: 2 if the uniform electric field on the left is
( )
Eleft = c i + j + k (where c is a constant), than the electric field on the right Eright is





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(
(a) c 2i + j + k ) (b) c i + 2 j + 2k ( )
1 1 1
(c) c i + j + k (d) c i + j + k
2 2 2
Ans. (c)
(
Solution: E1 = c j + k = E2 ) 1
y
2
1
D1 = D2 1 E1 =2 E2 E21 = E1
2
1 x
E2 = ci
2
1 z
E2 = c i + j + k
2
Q58. A proton moves with a speed of 300 m / s in a circular orbit in the xy -plan in a magnetic
field 1 tesla along the positive z - direction. When an electric field of 1 V / m is applied
along the positive y -direction, the center of the circular orbit
(a) remains stationary
(b) moves at 1 m / s along the negative x direction
(c) moves at 1 m / s along the positive z direction
(d) moves at 1 m / s along the positive x direction
z
Ans. (d)
Solution: change particle will deflect in + x -direction with B
E 1 y
v= = =1 m/ s .
B 1 E
Q59. Consider a rectangular wave guide with transverse dimensions x
2 m 1 m driven with an angular frequency = 109 rad / s . Which transverse electric
(TE ) modes will propagate in this wave guide?
(a) TE10 , TE01 and TE20 (b) TE01 , TE11 and TE20





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(c) TE01 , TE10 and TE11 (d) TE01 , TE10 and TE22
Ans. (a)
m2 n2
Solution: mn = C +
a 2 b2
c 3 108 3.14
10 = = = 4.71 108 rod / sec
a 2
c 3 108 3.14
01 = = = 9.42 108 rod / sec
b 1
1 1
11 = c + 2 = 10.53 108 rod / sec
a b
2
2c
20 = = 9.72 108 rod / sec
a
4 4
22 = c + 2 = 10.5 108 rod / sec
a b
2
since > 10 , 01 , 22
Q60. The electric and magnetic fields in the charge free region z > 0 are given by
E ( r , t ) = E0 e k1z cos ( k2 x t ) j
E0
E (r ,t ) = e k1z k1 sin ( k2 x t ) i + k2 cos ( k2 x t ) k

where , k1 and k2 are positive constants. The average energy flow in the x -direction is
E02 k2 2 k1z E02 k2

(a) e (b) e 2 k1z
20 0
E02 k1 2 k1z 1
(c) e (d) c 0 E02 e 2 k1 z
20 2
Ans. (a)
E02 e 2 k1z
Solution: S =
1
0
( EB = ) 0
k1 cos sin ( z ) + k2 cos 2 x , = k2 x t





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2 2 k1 z
k E e E k
2
S = 2 0 = 0 2 e 2 k1 z
2 0 20
Q61. A uniform magnetic field in the positive z -direction passes through a circular wire loop
of radius 1 cm and resistance 1 lying in the xy -plane. The field strength is reduced
from 10 tesla to 9 tesla in 1s . The charge transferred across any point in the wire is
approximately
(a) 3.1 104 coulomb (b) 3.4 104 coulomb
(c) 4.2 104 coulomb (d) 5.2 104 coulomb
Ans. (a)
d dq 1 d
Solution: = I= = =
dt dt R R dt
A r 2
dq = dB = dB
R R
( )
2
3.14 102
dq = 1 = 3.14 104 coulomb
1
Q62. A rod of length L carries a total charge Q distributed uniformly. If this is observed in a
frame moving with a speed v along the rod, the charge per unit length (as measured by
the moving observer) is
Q v2 Q v2
(a) 1 2 (b) 1 2
L c L c
Q Q
(c) (d)
v2 v2
L 1 2 L 1 2
c c
Ans. (c)
0 Q
Solution: = =
v2 v2
1 L 1
c2 c2





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JRF/NET(DEC-2015)
Q63. A hollow metallic sphere of radius a , which is kept at a potential V0 has a charge Q at
its centre. The potential at a point outside the sphere, at a distance r from the centre, is
Q Va Q V a2 V0 a
(a) V0 (b) + 0 (c) + 02 (d)
4 0 r r 4 0 r r r
Ans.: (d)
Q0
Solution: Let charge on conductor is Q0 , then V0 =
4 0 a
Q0 Va
Now V= V = 0
4 0 r r
Q64. Consider a charge Q at the origin of 3 - dimensional coordinate system. The
flux of the electric field through the curved surface of a cone that has a height
h
h and a circular base of radius R (as shown in the figure) is
R Q
Q Q hQ QR
(a) (b) (c) (d)
0 2 0 R 0 2h 0
Ans.: (b)
Q65. Given a uniform magnetic field B = B0 k (where B0 is a constant), a possible choice for
the magnetic vector potential A is
(a) B0 yi (b) B0 yi (
(c) B0 xj + yi ) (
(d) B0 xi + yj )
Ans.: (b)
Solution: (a) A = B0 k
(b) A = B0 k
(c) A = 0
(d) A = 2 B0 z
Q66. A beam of unpolarized light in a medium with dielectric constant 1 is reflected from a
plane interface formed with another medium of dielectric constant 2 = 3 1 . The two





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media have identical magnetic permeability. If the angle of incidence is 600 , then the
reflected light
(a) is plane polarized perpendicular to the plane of incidence
(b) is plane polarized parallel to the plane of incidence
(c) is circularly polarized
(d) has the same polarization as the incident light
Ans.: (a)
I
n 1
Solution: B = tan 2 1
n1 2
x
B = tan 1

= tan 1
( 3)
1
B = 600 (hence reflected light is plane polarized perpendicular to plane of incidence))
Q67. A small magnetic needle is kept at ( 0, 0 ) with its moment along the x -axis. Another
small magnetic needle is at the point (1,1) and is free to rotate in the xy - plane. In
equilibrium the angle between their magnetic moments is such that

1
(a) tan = (b) tan = 0 (c) tan = 3 (d) tan = 1
3
Ans.: (c)
0 mm
Solution: U = m m2 3 ( m1 r )( m2 r ) U = 0 1 3 2 cos 3cos 450 cos ( 450 )
3 1
4 r 4 r
For stable position energy is minimum i.e.

m2
U mm r

=0 0 132
4 r sin +
3
(
sin 450 = 0 )
2 450
m1
3 sin cos
sin = tan = 3
2 2 2
so, option (c) is correct .





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Q68. A dipole of moment p , oscillating at frequency , radiates spherical waves. The vector
potential at large distance is
0 eikr
A(r ) = i p
4 r
1
To order the magnetic field B at a point r = rn is
r
0 2 eikr 0 2 eikr
(a) ( )
n
p n
(b) ( n
p )
4 C r 4 C r
0 2 eikr 0 2 eikr
(c) k ( n p ) p (d) p
4 r 4 C r
Ans.: (b)
Solution: Let p = pz , then B must be in direction.
Check n p = r z = . So, correct option is (b).

Q69. The frequency dependent dielectric constant of a material is given by
A
( ) = 1 +
2 i
2
0
where A is a positive constant, 0 the resonant frequency and the damping
coefficient. For an electromagnetic wave of angular frequency << 0 which of the

following is true? (Assume that << 1 ).
0
(a) There is negligible absorption of the wave
(b) The wave propagation is highly dispersive
(c) There is strong absorption of the electromagnetic wave
(d) The group velocity and the phase velocity will have opposite sign
Ans.: (a)
Solution: When << 0 , there is negligible absorption of the wave.






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fiziks

Solve equation 16e 2 x + f ( x ) 6 = 0 f ( x ) = 6 16e 2 x f (x ) = 6 x 8e 2 x + c1 , since

(c) r = 4 and A = 3 (d) r = 4 and A = 3

Q13. An electromagnetic wave is incident on a water-air interface. The phase of the

(c) 1/R3 (d) 1/R4

(c) There is no finite value of d (d) mg 0 / q

6eR 2 6eR 6ed 2 6ed

Q30. The components of a vector potential A ( A0 , A1 , A2 , A3 ) are given by

A = k ( xyz, yzt , zxt , xyt )

where k is a constant. The three components of the electric field are

(a) zero (b) DC from A to B

E = E 0 cos[ (0.3x + 0.4 y 1000t )]k .

The associated magnetic field B is

(d) 10 E cos[ (0.3 x + 0.4 y 1000t )](3i + 4 j )

Solution: k = (0.3 x + 0.4 y ), = 1000t

function of time t is shown in the figure below.

(a) E 2 > E1 and D2 > D1 (b) E 2 < E1 and D2 < D1

(c) E 2 < E1 and D2 > D1 (d) E 2 > E1 and D2 < D1

Thus resultant electric field at point P is

10 6 (m ) is the conductivity of the shielding material, its

At large distance r , the leading asymptotic behaviour of the electrostatic potential is

(d) 0.265 watts / m 2 and 3.3 108 tesla

(TE ) modes will propagate in this wave guide?

E02 k2 2 k1z E02 k2

equilibrium the angle between their magnetic moments is such that

For stable position energy is minimum i.e.

Check n p = r z = . So, correct option is (b).

where A is a positive constant, 0 the resonant frequency and the damping

coefficient. For an electromagnetic wave of angular frequency << 0 which of the

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