You are on page 1of 14
189.2017 Maxima Manual 21, Equations (<][2] L<<](Up][2>] [Top] [Contents] [Index] [2] 21. Equations 21.4 Definitions for Equations [<][2] L<] [op] [Contents] [Indox] [2] 21.4 Definitions for Equations System variable: %rnum_list Default value: ‘hmum_tist is the list of variables introduced in solutions by algsys. %r variables are added to %mum_tist in the order they are created. This is convenient for doing substitutions into the solution later on. It's recommended to use this list rather than doing concat (Yr, Option variable: algexact Default value: false algexact affects the behavior of algsys as follows: If algexact is true, algsys always calls solve and then uses realroots on solve's failures. If algexact is false, solve is called only if the eliminant was not univariate, or if it was a quadratic or biquadratic. Thus algexact: tte doesn't guarantee only exact solutions, just that algsys will first try as hard as it can to give exact solutions, and only yield approximations when all else fails. Eunetion: algsys ([expr_1, ..., expr_m), [x_1, .., Xn) Function: algsys ([eqn_1, ... eqn_m), 7, ... Xn) Solves the simultaneous polynomials expr_1, ... expr_m or polynomial equations eqn_1, »., eqn_m for the variables X_1, .., X_N. An expression expr is equivalent to an equation exor=0. There may be more equations than variables or vice versa. algsys returns a list of solutions, with each solution given as a list of equations stating values of the variables x_1, .., x_n which satisfy the system of equations. If algsys cannot find a solution, an empty list (]is returned. The symbols %rt, %'2, .., are introduced as needed to represent arbitrary parameters in the solution; these variables are also appended to the list Zrnum_tist The method is as follows: (1) First the equations are factored and split into subsystems. (2) For each subsystem S_i, an equation E and a variable x are selected. The variable is chosen to have lowest nonzero degree. Then the resultant of E and Ej with respect to x is computed for each of the remaining equations E_jin the subsystem Sj. This yields a new subsystem S_’ in one fewer variables, as x has been eliminated. The process now returns to (1). (3) Eventually, a subsystem consisting of a single equation is obtained. If the equation is multivariate and no approximations in the form of floating point numbers have been introduced, then solve is called to find an exact solution. In some cases, solve is not be able to find a solution, or ifit does the solution may be a very large expression. htp:ilox phys lohoku ae jptoximaxima/maxima_21.himl ana 159-2017 Maxima Manual 21. Equations Ifthe equation is univariate and is either linear, quadratic, or biquadratic, then again solve is called if no approximations have been introduced. If approximations have been introduced or the equation is not univariate and neither linear, quadratic, or biquadratic, then if the switch realonly is true, the function realroots is called to find the real-valued solutions. If realonly is false, then alioots is called which looks for real and ‘complex-valued solutions. If algsys produces a solution which has fewer significant digits than required, the user can change the value of algepsiion to a higher value. If algexact is set to tue, solve will always be called (4) Finally, the solutions obtained in step (3) are substituted into previous levels and the solution process returns to (1) When algsys encounters a multivariate equation which contains floating point approximations (usually due to its failing to find exact solutions at an earlier stage), then it does not attempt to apply exact methods to such equations and instead prints the message: “algsys cannot solve - system too complicated.” Interactions with radcan can produce large or complicated expressions. In that case, it may be possible to isolate parts of the result with pickapart or reveal. Occasionally, radcan may introduce an imaginary unit %i into a solution which is, actually real-valued, Examples: (Qhit) 0: 24°(1 - at) - 24(x - 1}ta2, (hot) 2(1-at)x-2a2 1) (ia) 2: 2 - a (2h02) a2-at (3) 08: at (ey -x82 +1); 2 (%03) atGy-x +1) (%i4) 4: a2*(y- (x- ed (%04) a2 (y-(x-1)) ($68) algsys (fet, €2, 63, of, [xy a1, a2); (%05) [[x = 0, y = %r1, a1 = 0, a2 = 0}, i a2 = 1) ($6) 01: x2 -yA2; 22 (408) key (6) 02:4 -y + 2h —K + x2; 22 (2407) 2y -yex-x-4 (8 slays (et, £2), bv: (408) sqrt(3)—sqrt(3) 1 1 44 ke, === b= y= A) ‘sqrt(3)—sqrt(3) 3 Eunction: allroots (expr) Function: allroots (eqn) ‘Computes numerical approximations of the real and complex roots of the polynomial expr or polynomial equation egn of one variable. The flag polyfactor when true causes allroots to factor the polynomial over the real numbers if the polynomial is real, or over the complex numbers, if the polynomial is complex htp:ilox phys lohoku ae jptoximaxima/maxima_21.himl 214 159-2017 Maxima Manuat 21. Equations allroots may give inaccurate results in case of multiple roots. If the polynomial is real, allroots (%i"p)) may yield more accurate approximations than allroots (p), a8 allroots invokes a different algorithm in that case alroots rejects non-polynomials. It requires that the numerator after rating should be a polynomial, and it requires that the denominator be at most a complex number, As a result of this aloots will always return an equivalent (but factored) expression, if polyfactor is true For complex polynomials an algorithm by Jenkins and Traub is used (Algorithm 419, Comm. ACM, vol. 15, (1972), p. 97). For real polynomials the algorithm used is due to Jenkins (Algorithm 493, ACM TOMS, vol. 1, (1975), p.178). Examples’ (26i1) eqn: (1 + 2%)83 = 13.57(1 + x"); 3 5 (01) (@2x+1) =135 (x #1) ((4i2) soln: allroots (eqn): (9602) x= .8296749902129361, x = - 1.015755543828121 1659625152196360 %i - 4069597231924075, x= - 9659625152196369 %i -.4069597231924075, x = 1.0] (2413) for ein soln do (22: subst (e, eqn), disp (expand (Ihs(e2) -rhs(e2))}: = 3.5527 136788005E-15 ~5.32907051820075E-15 4,44089209850063E-15 %i -4.88498130835069E-15 = 4,44089209850063E-15 %I -4,88498130835069E-15 3.5527136788005E-15 (2403) done (24i4) polyfactor: trues (24i5) alroots (eqn); (905) - 13.5 (x- 1.0) (x- 8296749902129361) 2 («+ 1.018755543828121) (x + .8139194463848151 x + 1.098699797110288) Option variable: backsubst Default value: true When backsubst is false, prevents back substitution after the equations have been triangularized. This may be helpful in very big problems where back substitution would cause the generation of extremely large expressions. Option variable: breakup Default value: true When breakup is true, solve expresses solutions of cubic and quartic equations in terms of common subexpressions, which are assigned to intermediate expression labels (%t1, %t2, etc.). Otherwise, common subexpressions are not identified. breakup: true has an effect only when programmode is false. Examples: htp:ilox phys lohoku ae jptoximaxima/maxima_21.himl sina 159-2017 Maxima Manuat 21. Equations (it) programmode: false$ (24i2) breakup: trues ($hi3) solve (x*3-+ x"2- 1}, sqrt(23) 25 4/3 (33) — 6 santa) 54 Solution: sqt(a)%6h 4 saniayui 122A (mia) x 91a + — 9% 3 sata) %1 1 sat) %I 1 2 24 (rts) x 969 + — 9 %13 14 (78) x83 + 9%13 3 (06) (i, 618, 6) ((hi8) breakup: false$ (2hi7) solve (x*3 + x*2- 1), Solution: sqrt(3) %i 1 2 2 sqrti2s) 25113 it (eet sart23) 25 1/3 6 sar(3) 84 a +) B santa) 54 (oir) x sqrt(3) %i 14 faa ) 2 23 sqrt(23) 25 1/3 sqrt’) %i 1 (2618) x= (——— ) Ssqr(3) 54-22 sqrt(3) %i 1 sqti23) 25113 3 gi +) 8 santa) 54 sqt23) 25 1/3, 1 1 (29) x= (4) # Gsqrt(3) 54 sqrt(23) 25113 3 (+=) Ssqrt(3) 54 (2%09) [P6t7, %t, %6t9] Function: dimension (eqn) Funetion: dimension (eqn_1, ..., eqn_n) dimen is a package for dimensional analysis. load (‘dimen’) loads this package. demo ("dimen") displays a short demonstration. Option variable: dispflag Default value: rue htp:ilox phys lohoku ae jptoximaxima/maxima_21.himl 4n4 159-2017 Maxima Manuat 21. Equations If set to false within a block will inhibit the display of output generated by the solve functions called from within the biock. Termination of the biock with a dollar sign, $, sets dispfag to false. Function: funesolve (eqn, g(t)) Retums [g(t)= ..] or 1, depending on whether or not there exists a rational function 9(t) satisfying eqn, which must be a first order, linear polynomial in (for this case) g(f) and ott) (hit) eqn: (n+ 1)F(n) = (9 + 3}"(n + AVM + 1) = (9= Ayn +2); (n+ 3)fin+1) a-4 (ot) (n* 1) f)-~ ” net n42 (94i2) funesolve (eqn, fin); Dependent equations eliminated: (4 3) (2402) f(n) = (n+ 4)(9+2) Warning: this is a very rudimentary implementation - many safety checks and obvious generalizations are missing Option variable: globalsolve Default value: false When globalsolve is true, solved-for variables are assigned the solution values found by linsolve, and by solve when solving two or more linear equations. When globalsolve is false, solutions found by linsove and by solve when solving two or more linear equations are expressed as equations, and the solved-for variables are not assigned, When solving anything other than two or more linear equations, solve ignores globalsolve, Other functions which solve equations (e.g., algsys) always ignore globalsolve. Examples’ (24i1) globalsolve: trues (24i2) solve ((x + 3¢y = , 2x-y = 8], x, yD: Solution 7 (24t2) aoe 7 1 (2613) Yin 7 (%03) (612, %¢3T) (24i3) x w (2%03) - 7 (26i4) ys 1 (04) 7 (24i8) globalsolve: false$ (24i6) kil (x, y)S (%i7) solve ((x + 34y = 2, 2" =y=5}, bx, yD): Solution htp:ilox phys lohoku ae jptoximaxima/maxima_21.himl sina 159-2017 Function: Maxima Manual 21. Equations (tz) (24t8) ye 7 (2%08) (tr, 08) (24i8) x; (208) x (i9) y; (08) y qn (ie, unk, tech, n, guess) integn is a package for solving integral equations. load (‘inteqn’) loads this package. je is the integral equation; unk is the unknown function; tech is the technique to be tried from those given above (tech = first means: try the first technique which finds a solution; tech = all means: try all applicable techniques); n is the maximum number of terms to take for taylor, neumann, frstkindseries, oF fredseries (itis also the maximum depth of recursion for the differentiation method); guess is the initial guess for neumann or firstkindseries Default values for the 2nd thru 5th parameters are: unk: p(x), where p is the first function encountered in an integrand which is unknown to Maxima and x is the variable which occurs as an argument to the first occurrence of p found outside of an integral in the case of seconckind equations, or is the only other variable besides the variable of integration in firstkind equations. If the attempt to search for x fails, the user will be asked to supply the independent variable tech: frst nt guess: none which will cause neumann and firstkindseries to use f{x) as an initial guess. Option variable: ieqnprint Default value: true ieqnprint governs the behavior of the result retumed by the ian command. When leqnprint is false, the lists returned by the leqn function are of the form [solution, technique used, nterms, flag] where flag is absent if the solution is exact. Otherwise, it is the word approximate or incomplete corresponding to an inexact or non- closed form solution, respectively. Ifa series method was used, nferms gives the number of terms taken (Which could be less than the n given to ieqn if an error prevented generation of further terms). Eunetion: ths (expr) Retums the left-hand side (that is, the first argument) of the expression expr, when the operator of expr is one of the relational operators < <= = # equal notequal >= >, one of the assignment operators. oF a user-defined binary infix operator, as declared by infix. When expris an atom or its operator is something other than the ones listed above, Ihs returns expr, See also rhs. Examples: htp:ilox phys lohoku ae jptoximaxima/maxima_21.himl ena 159-2017 Maxima Manual 21. Equations (%01) bb + aa=cc (%i2) ths (e); (402) bb+ aa (8) ths (); ($403) ee ($i) {hs (aa < Bb), ths (aa <= bb), Ins (aa >= bb), ths (aa > Bb (%04) [aa, aa, aa, aa) (%i5) [Ihs (aa = bb), Ihs (aa # bb), Ins (equal (aa, bb)), Ins (notequal (aa, bb))); (%05) [aa, aa, aa, aa] (%i6) €1: "(foo(x) := 2*x); ($08) footx) = 2x (%i7) €2: "(barly) =:= 3*y); (h07) bary):=3y (8) 3: "x: ys (%08) my (39) 04: yp (409) xzy ($4710) ths (et), ths (e2), hs (9), hs (e4) (4010) foots), bart), x, x) (611) ini CH), (hott) (%i12) Ihs (aa J[ bb); (h0%2) aa Function: linsolve ([expr_1, .., expr), [_1, ... Xn) Solves the list of simultaneous linear equations for the list of variables. The expressions must each be polynomials in the variables and may be equations. When globalsotve is true, each solved-for variable is bound to its value in the solution of the equations. When backsubst is false, insolve does not carry out back substitution after the equations have been triangularized. This may be necessary in very big problems where back substitution would cause the generation of extremely large expressions. When insolve_params is true, insolve also generates the %r symbols used to represent arbitrary parameters described in the manual under algsys. Otherwise, linsolve solves. an under-determined system of equations with some variables expressed in terms of others. When programmode is false, linsolve displays the solution with intermediate expression (‘«t) labels, and returns the list of labels. (it) et: x+2=y: (%o1) (26i2) €2: 2°a"x- (02) (id) 08: y-2"2 (03) y-22=2 (id globalsolve: false, programmode: true] (04) false, ue] (%i5) linsolve ([e1, €2, €3], [x. y. z]); (%05) k=a+1, a,z=a-1) ({i8 globalsoive: false, programmode: falsel: (08) false, fase] (G7 insolve (fo, ©2, 63) fx ¥ 2 Solution tr) sat (t8) y=2a (to) xeaet htp:ilox phys lohoku ae jptoximaxima/maxima_21.himl m4 159-2017 System variable: multipli Maxima Manual 21. Equations (09) (7, 48,9) (9) "%: (ho) [2=a-1,y=2a,x=a+4] (%i10) [globalsolve: true, programmode: false]; (010) true alse] (Catt) linsolve (et, €2, 63) i, ¥ 2) Solution ott zat coat) yi2a (vata) watt (013) (vat, seta, 613} (%i13) "%; (4013) esa-t,y:2a,x:a+4] (26114) Dx. y, 2 (%014) [at t,2a,a-1] ((sit5) [globalsoWve: tue, programmode: rue; (015) true, tus} (it6)linsoWve (ot, £2, 3] "xy 2): (Ho16) kat y:2a.z7a-4] (it7) by. 2h (%017) la+t.2aa-4] Option variable: linsolvewarn Default value: ue When tinsolvewam is true, linsolve prints a message "Dependent equations eliminated”, Option variable: linsolve_params Default value: true When linsolve_params is true, isolve also generates the %r symbols used to represent arbitrary parameters described in the manual under algsys. Otherwise, linsolve solves, an under-determined system of equations with some variables expressed in terms of others. Default value: not_set_yet ‘multiplicities is set to a list of the multiplicities of the individual solutions returned by solve or realroots, Eunetion: nroots (p, low, high) Returns the number of real roots of the real univariate polynomial p in the half-open interval (iow, high]. The endpoints of the interval may be minf or int infinity and plus infinity. nroots uses the method of Sturm sequences (9hit) p: x*10 - 24x" + 1128 ((4i2) ntoots (p, -8, 9.1); (2%02) 4 Function: nthroot (p, n) where p is a polynomial with integer coefficients and n is a positive integer returns q, polynomial over the integers, such that q*n=p or prints an error message indicating much faster than factor or even sat. that p is not a perfect nth power. This routine htp:ilox phys lohoku ae jptoximaxima/maxima_21.himl ana 159-2017 Maxima Manuat 21. Equations Qotion variable; programmode Default value: true When programmode is true, solve, realroots, alroots, and linsolve retum solutions as elements in a list, (Except when backsubst is set to false, in which case programmode: false is assumed.) When programmode is false, solve, etc. create intermediate expression labels %t1, 12, etc., and assign the solutions to them. Option variable: realonly Default value: false When realonly is true, algsys returns only those solutions which are free of %i. Function: realroots (poly, bound) Finds all of the real roots of the real univariate polynomial poly within a tolerance of bound which, if less than 1, causes all integral roots to be found exactly. The parameter bound may be arbitrarily small in order to achieve any desired accuracy. ‘The first argument may also be an equation. realroots sets multiplicities, useful in case of multiple roots. realroots (p) is equivalent to reairosts (p, rootsepsilon). rootsepsilon is a real number used to establish the confidence interval for the roots, Do example (realroots) for an example Function: rhs (expr) Returns the right-hand side (that is, the second argument) of the expression expr, when the operator of expris one of the relational operators < <= = # equal notequal >= >, one of the assignment operators , of a user-defined binary infix operator, as declared by infix When expris an atom or its operator is something other than the ones listed above, rhs returns 0. See also hs. Examples: (0h) e: aa + Bb = ce; (hot) b+ asec (24) hs (2); ($h02) bb + aa (28) ths (ey ($408) ce (%i4) [rhs (@a < bb), rhs (aa <= bb), rhs (aa >= bb), rhs (aa > bb)]; (%04) [bb, bb, bb, bb) (8) [ts (2a = bb, ts (2a 8), rhs (equal (aa, bb), hs (notequel (a2, bb) (%05) [bb, bb, bb, bb) (%i6) €1: "(foo(x) := 2*x); (%06) foo(x) (27) 02: ‘oary) = 3}; (%07) barly) = 3y (8) 3: y) (408) xy (%i9) 4: "(x =: y); ($409) xey (%i10) [rhs (e1), rhs (e2), rhs (e3), rhs (24); (%070) 2x 3y¥ yl (%i11) infix CII"); (hot) (%i12) rhs (aa J bb); (%012) bb. htp:ilox phys lohoku ae jptoximaxima/maxima_21.himl arta 159-2017 Maxima Manuat 21. Equations Qotion variable: rootsconmode Default value: true rootsconmode governs the behavior of the rootscontract command. See rootscontract for details. Function: rootscontract (expr) Converts products of roots into roots of products. For example, rootscontract {sqrtix"y"312)) yields sartx’y'3) When radexpand is true and domain is real, rootscontract converts abs into sqrt, €.9., rootscontract (abs(x)"sqrty)) yields sqrt(x"2"y). There is an option rootsconmode affecting rootscontract as follows: Problem Value of /—_Result of applying rootsconmode _rootscontract xA(12)YNSI2) false (x*y*3)(1/2) xA(12'VM1I8) false x*(1/2)"y(114) xA(N2VYAAIA) true (xy N12)1/2) xAN2VVAAIB) true x 1/2)"y13) xA(12yyN(I4) all (ADtY)A(TIA) XAA2/YNAIS) all (x*3*y82)*(176) When rootsconmode is false, rootscontract contracts only with respect to rational number exponents whose denominators are the same. The key to the rootsconmode: true examples is simply that 2 divides into 4 but not into 3. rootsconmode: all involves taking the least common multiple of the denominators of the exponents, rootscontract USes ratsimy ‘a manner similar to logeontract. Examples’ (24i1) rootsconmode: false$ (94i2) rootscontract (x*(1/2)*yA(3!2)); 3 (2402) sqrtixy ) ($4i3) rootscontract (x*(1/2)*yA(1/4)}; 114 (203) sqrtix)y ((4i4) rootsconmode: trues (94i8) rootscontract (x*(1/2)*y4(1/4)); (2%05) sart(x sqrtiy)) (%4i6) rootscontract (x*(1/2)*y4(1/3)}; 4113, (2408) sartix)y (4i7) rootsconmode: all$ (94i8) rootscontract (x*(1/2)"y4(1/4)}; 2 14 (2%08) &y) (24i8) rootscontract (x%(1/2)*y4(1/3)); 3.2116 (203) &y) ($410) rootsconmode: false (%i11) rootscontract (sqrt(sqrt(x) + sqrt(1 + x) “sar(sqrt(t +x) - sqrt) (ott) 1 (%i12) rootsconmode: trues ($4118) rootscontract (sqt(S + sqrt(S) -5%1/4)*sat(t + sqrt) (403) ° htp:ilox phys lohoku ae jptoximaxima/maxima_21.himl 014 159-2017 Maxima Manuat 21. Equations Option variable: rootsepsilon Default value: 1.0e-7 rootsepsiion is the tolerance which establishes the confidence interval for the roots found by the realroots function, Eunetion: solve (expr, x) Eunetion: solve (expr) Function: solve ([eqr_1, ..., eqn_n, [X_1, ... x_n) Solves the algebraic equation expr for the variable x and returns a list of solution equations in x. If expris not an equation, the equation expr= 0 is assumed in its place. x may be a function (e.g. (x)), of other non-atomic expression except a sum or product, x may be omitted if expr contains only one variable, expr may be a rational expression, and may contain trigonometric functions, exponentials, etc. The following method is used: Let & be the expression and X be the variable. If E is linear in X then itis trivially solved for X. Otherwise if E is of the form A*X*N + B then the result is (-B/A)*1/N) times the N'th roots of unity. If is not linear in X then the ged of the exponents of Xin E (say N) is divided into the exponents and the multiplicity of the roots is multiplied by N. Then solve is called again on the result. If E factors then solve is called on each of the factors. Finally solve will use the quadratic, cubic, or quartic formulas where necessary. In the case where E is a polynomial in some function of the variable to be solved for, say F(X), then itis first solved for F(X) (call the result C), then the equation F( be solved for X provided the inverse of the function Fis known. breakup if false will cause solve to express the solutions of cubic or quartic equations. as single expressions rather than as made up of several common subexpressions which is the default. ‘multiplicities - will be set to a list of the multiplicities of the individual solutions retumed by solve, realroots, oF allroots. Try apropos (solve) for the switches which affect solve. describe may then by used on the individual switch names if their purpose is not clear. solve ((eqn_1, . egn_nl. D1, ... Xm) Solves a system of simultaneous (linear or none linear) polynomial equations by calling linsolve or algsys and returns a list of the solution lists in the variables. In the case of linsolve this ist would contain a single list of solutions. It takes two lists as arguments. The firs list represents the equations to be solved; the second list is a list of the unknowns to be determined. If the total number of variables in the equations is equal to the number of equations, the second argument-list may be omitted. For linear systems if the given equations are not compatible, the message inconsistent will be displayed (see the solve_inconsistent_error switch); ifno unique solution exists, then singular will be displayed. When programmode is false, solve displays solutions wit labels, and retums the list of labels. intermediate expression (2) When globalsolve is true and the problem is to solve two or more linear equations, each solved-for variable is bound to its value in the solution of the equations. Examples: (241) solve (asin (cos (3°) = 1), x) SOLVE is using arc-trig functions to get a solution. ‘Some solutions willbe lost, epi (2601) & 6 10) =] ($4i2) ev (solve (5x) = 125, fx)), solveradean); htp:ilox phys lohoku ae jptoximaxima/maxima_21.himl ne 159-2017 Maxima Manual 21. Equations log(125) 22 (203) [Ax ~y =12,xy-x=2] ($hid) solve (2%, bx, y) (9604) [x 2], x = .5202594388652008 %i = 1931240357358706, y = .0767837852378778 = 3.608003221870287 %i, P {5202594388652008 %i - 1931240357358706, y = 3.608003221870287 %i + 0767837852378778}, (x= - 1.733751846381093, y= + 1835675710019696]) (2615) solve (1 + a°x + x*3, x); 3 sqr(3) %1 1 sort(4.a +27) 1413, (2405) b 2 2 Bsqn(3) 2 sqrt(3) %i 1 3 sqtia +27) 1113 Ssqit’s) 2 3 sqrt(3) %i 1 sqr(4a +27) 11/9 c 2 2 Esqnta) 2 sqr(3) %i 1 Santa) 2 3 sqn(4a +27) 1413 a S santa) 2 3 sana +27) 1118 36 Ssqrt’a) 2 (24i6) solve (x3 - 1); sqrt(3) %I-1 sqrt) %I +1 (208) bx x= 4] 2 2 (2bi7) solve (x6 - 1); ‘sqrt(3) i +1 sqrt) 9-1 (%07) b sart(3) %i+ 1 sqrt(3) %i- 1 x x24] (9418) ov (x6 - 1, (1) 6 (sart(3) %i + 1) (208) ——— 64 (96i9) expand (%); (203) (10) x°2- 1; htp:ilox phys lohoku ae jptoximaxima/maxima_21.himl 24 159-2017 Maxima Manuat 21. Equations 2 (24010) x (hit) solve (%, x); (011) bk (G6i12) ov (%th(2), 9611) (4012) ° 1x21] Option variable: solvedecomposes. Default value: true When solvedecomposes is true, solve calls polydecomp if asked to solve polynomials. Option variable: solveexpli Default value: false When solveexplict is true, inhibits solve from returning implicit solutions, that is, solutions of the form F(x) = 0 where F is some function. Option variable: solvefactors Default value: true When solvefactors is false, solve does not try to factor the expression. The false setting may be desired in some cases where factoring is not necessary. Option variable: solvenullwarn Default value: true When solvenulwam is true, solve prints a warning message if called with either a null equation list or a null variable list. For example, solve (j,[)) would print two warning messages and return ( Option variable: solveradcan Default value: false When solveradcan is true, solve calls radcan which makes solve slower but will allow certain problems containing exponentials and logarithms to be solved. Option variable: solvetrigwarn Default value: true When solvetrigwam is tue, solve may print a message saying that itis using inverse trigonometric functions to solve the equation, and thereby losing solutions. Option variable: solve_inconsistent_error Default value: true When solve_inconsistent_error is tue, salve and linsolve give an error if the equations to be solved are inconsistent. If false, solve and tinsolve retum an empty list [if the equations are inconsistent. Example: (24i1) solve_inconsistent_error: trueS (96i2) solve {[a +b = 4, a+ b= 2}, fa, b): Inconsistent equations: (2) an error. Quitting. To debug this try debugmode(true); ((4i3) solve_inconsistent_error: false htp:ilox phys lohoku ae jptoximaxima/maxima_21.himl 1384 159-2017 Maxima Manual: 21. Equations (id) solve (la + b = 1, a+b = 2), (a, bl); (ho4) Oo [<<][22] [op] [Contents] index) [2] This document was generated on March, 19 2006 using foxi2htm! 1.76. htp:ilox phys lohoku ae jptoximaxima/maxima_21.himl sana

You might also like