Khi nghip t A ti Z

T advertising (qung co) cho ti zeroing in on your first customers (ch trng ti
nhng khch hng u tin), cc bc khi nghip ch yu t A ti Z bao gm tt c
nhng g m bn cn bt u s nghip kinh doanh.

Bn thy nhm chn v cng vic hin ti v mun th sc vi mt vai tr mi, mt

tng kinh doanh cht n v bn thy mnh bt u c nim am m. l thi gian
ra k hoch cho sn phm v dch v ca ring bn. Bn ang gn k v tr ca mt nh
qun tr, tuy nhin sau ngh bt u m mt cng ty chn ng bn li. Ngay c
nhng ngi st sng nht cng thng li 1 bc li sau khi tin n b khi h nhn thc
c tt c nhng g m h s phi lm. C qu nhiu nhng chi tit ng kinh hi-t tin
vn, k hoch kinh doanh ti qun l hng trong kho v tm kim nhng khch hng u
tin-iu ny c th d dng dp tt nh lm ng ch ca bn.

Di y l cc bc c sp xp theo bng ch ci nhng vic cn lm cng vi li

khuyn gip bn ti u ho c hi thnh cng ca mnh v t tin hn khi bt tay vo khi
nghip.

A = Advertising. (Qung co) Bn mun thu ht s ch ca mi ngi nhng qung

co th qu t. Qung co khi no v u, tiu tn bao nhiu l mt quyt nh rt quan
trng. Hy cn thn khi s dng nhng ng vn u tin thu ht th gii bn ngoi,
Tng gim c ca STARTech, Richardson, Texas-cng ty gip nhng d n khi
nghip ni.

Nhn vin ca cc hng qung co s gi cho bn ch mt thi gian ngn sau khi bn trng
tm bin ca cng ty ln. Vi qung co, s tnh ton thi gian l tt c. ng chi tin
qu nhiu cho qung co cho ti khi bn c th chu c mc ph ny, ng e ngi tho
lun gi c hp ng v v tr qung co, ng bt buc bn thn bn phi c 1 hp ng
qung co hng nm trc khi bn thy thc s sn sng. Xem xt qung co vi mc gi
trc y nh l du hiu c sc ht cho phng tin truyn b ca bn.

B = Business plan. (K hoch kinh doanh) K hoch kinh doanh tc l cch nhn (tm
nhn) ca bn v cng ty. N t nh qun l tng lai vo mt bi cnh xa hn, Ira
Davidson, gim c Trung tm pht trin cc doanh nghip nh thuc i hc Pace, New
York.

Cc nh u t thch nhng k hoch kinh doanh ngn gn, sc tch, c ti a 25 trang v

bao gm s lc v u vin ban qun tr, s lc v th trng v n. Nh qun l
thng dnh nhiu thi gian cho cc vn ti chnh, Desai ni. mt giai on sm
nh th, iu khng quan trng v mt tng kinh doanh da trn s nm bt c
hi. Tp trung cp ai ang trong i ng qun l ca bn, ai l khch hng ca bn
v ti sao tng ca bn li c th bin c thnh mt thng v thc s trong 2 trang
u ca bn k hoch v chun b mt bi thuyt trnh 30 giy ngn gn.
C = Cash flow. Tin mt l nhn t quyt nh ca bt c d n kinh doanh no. Quay tr
li vi d n kinh doanh ca bn, hy ngh lm th no bn c th a c nh cung cp vi
khch hng vo n tin vn. Thuyt phc khch hng tr trc v ni vi nh cung cp
cho bn thi hn tr tin 30 ngy. Nu tho thun c bn s to ra s khc bit rt ln
trong lun chuyn tin vn.

D = Distribution. Tm kim mt i tc phn phi, Jeff Shuman, gim c nghin cu

qun l ti trng Bentley, Waltham, Massachusetts, v l nh ng sng lp The Rhythm
of Business Inc., (Nhp iu kinh doanh), mt cng ty t vn ni. Nu bn c th tm ai
c mi quan h khch hng-nh cung cp vi cng ngi m bn mun bn hng cho
h, bn c th tho thun vi h l s cung cp hng ho cho khch hng ca bn u.
iu ny c th gip bn tip cn ngi tiu dng cui cng nhanh hn so vi vic bn
c gng t mnh xy dng h thng phn phi.

E = Equipment. Ban u ng tiu tn qu nhiu cho trang thit b. Mt la chn l bn

c th thu trang thit b, nh xng, tr s bt i khon u t ban u cho c s h
tng. Sau khi cng vic kinh doanh n nh, bn bt u tnh ti chuyn bin chng thnh
ca mnh thc s cng cha mun.

F = Financing. u t vn c nhiu dng, t vn t c ti vn lin doanh. Nhng trong

bi cnh hin nay, vn vay ngn hng v vn lin doanh s kh kim c nu bn khng
c uy tn kinh doanh trn thng trng. Thuyt phc ng ngi u t cho tng ca
bn l iu rt quan trng. Hy yu cu mt s tin nhiu hn bn cn v thng cc nh
qun l mi c th nh gi thp s tiu tn ca cc bc trong qu trnh kinh doanh. Tt
nht l nhm ti khon tin thng minh-tc l qu t cc nh u t c th chia s cho
bn nhng hiu bit v cc mi quan h khc.

Nu tt c nhng g bn cn l quyn c vay n, hy tm kim cc ngn hng. Tuy nhin

hy bit phng nhng bt trc. Ngn hng cp vn cho cng ty ca bn s hng li
ngay t nhng ngy u d h bit kh nng thu li ca bn ch c th c c vo nm
sau. Trong k hoch kinh doanh, nh qun l c th thn trng ti mc h khin cho k
hoch ny khng vay c vn. Hy cho thy bn c kh nng hon vn trong vng 1
nm ngay c khi bn khng th lm c iu .

G = Getting insurance. (Mua bo him) Hy xem xt k cc vn nh nh ca t

ai, bi thng cho cng nhn v cc hp ng bo him thng mi c th bo v c
cng ty bn nu nh c iu khng hay xy ra vi khch hng sau khi dng sn phm,
dch v ca cng ty. Khi doanh nghip m rng bn c th cn nhc n cc loi bo him
dnh cho cng nhn vin chc gip bn trnh khi kin tng t pha nh u t v cng
nhn vin.

H = Hiring. (Thu nhn cng) Ban u, bn c th thu nhn cng ngoi thay v tuyn
dng nhn vin. Tuyn dng nhn vin khin bn phi tr mt khon tin nhiu hn cng
nh chu nhiu trch nhim m bn cha sn sng trong vi nm u kinh doanh.
I = Inventory management. (Qun l hng trong kho) Tu vo hnh thc cng ty ca
bn, bn s c cch lu kho ph hp. Mt s nh qun l ngh ti hng lu kho nh mt
ti sn hn l chi ph. Bn ng mc phi li ny. Nu bn ang khng bn c hng,
bn s khng thu c li nhun.

Hy hc cch p dng chnh sch h gi. Ni cch khc, bn ang gim ri ro cho vic
mua hng trc y. Nu bn a ra quyt nh mua hng sai, hy nhanh chng nhn ra
n. Tt c s c gii quyt nu nh mc gi h m bn a ra lm khch hng hi lng.

J = Joining a networking group. (Gia nhp vo mng li) C rt nhiu t chc khc
nhau bn c th gia nhp-t phng thng mi a phng ti hip hi cc nh qun l.
Khi gia nhp mng li, bn s c hng nhiu quyn li vi mc ph tr hng thng
hoc hng nm.

La chn t chc ca bn mt cch khn ngoan. Liu c mt hay hai t chc, mng li
mang li cho bn nhng li ch thit thc nht hay khng? Hy tm gp trc tip cc nh
qun tr gia nhp nhng mng li v hi h xem bn c nn tham gia hay khng?
H ang c hng nhng g t quyn li thnh vin? H c nh tip tc tham gia vo
nm ti hay khng?

Bn nn tch cc tham gia vo cc t chc v bn s m rng c tm nh hng ca

mnh, c nhiu ngi bit n v c thm c nhng khch hng mi t mng li ca
t chc.

K = Knowing your target market. (Nm r th trng mc tiu ca cng ty) Nhiu
doanh nhn mi vo ngh lm vic theo trit l nu ti c hng ho th khch hng s
ti. Bn nm c gi tr ca sn phm, dch v do bn sn xut ra, nhng liu khch
hng c cng cm nhn vi bn hay khng? Thc t l khng phi bn c to ra c sn
phm hon ho nht th khch hng s mua n. y l ni day dt ln nht vi cc nh
qun l.

Xc nh th trng mc tiu l mt phn trong k hoch kinh doanh ca bn v n i hi

phi c s nghin cu. Ai l khch hng ca bn? Ai l i th cnh tranh? Li th cnh
tranh ca bn l g? Liu c chng ngi vt no hay khng? Nu c, bn s vt qua
chng nh th no? Hy th thm d khch hng tim nng v tng kinh doanh ca
bn. Hiu r th trng mc tiu s dn bn ti thnh cng v ti nhng c hi ln

L = Licenses and permits. (Giy php) Khi thnh lp doanh nghip, bn cn phi tin
hnh mt s th tc hnh chnh trong c giy php hot ng. Ni bt u qu trnh
xin giy php l Phng ng k kinh doanh ti a bn cng ty m bn nh m. Qu trnh
cp giy php hin nay ti Vit Nam cng khng cn qu rm r nh nhng tin b
trong ci cch hnh chnh.
Bn nn nghin cu nhng yu cu c th vi loi hnh kinh doanh ca cng ty bn, liu
n c cn giy php c bit hay l ngnh c khuyn khch?
M = Management team. (i ng qun l) To lp mt i ng qun l c chuyn mn
v c kh nng chia s tng ca bn l vic rt kh. Con ng i ti u t, khch
hng v nh cung cp c th ph thuc vo iu ny. Khi la chn mt i ng lnh o,
hy ngh ti s u t tng lai.

Mt s nh qun l tin tng vo nhng lao ng t gi to lp nn i ng lnh o.

iu ny khng qu cn thit, hy tn dng tt c mi mi quan h tm kim ngi m
bn cn ng thi bn c th tuyn dng qua cc phng tin thng tin i chng. Ngi
c tuyn ngoi kh nng chuyn mn, cn nht l thu hiu v t ra thch th vi
tng kinh doanh ca bn.

S cng minh l iu cn thit khi xy dng i ng lnh o cng ty. Bn khng nn xy

dng k hoch tr thnh ngi nm gi a s c phn ca cng ty. Hy ngh theo cch:
Bn c 80% c phn trong mt cng ty nh hn hay 20% c phn trong cng ty ln tt
hn?

c mt ban lnh o, c th bn s phi chia s c phn ca cng ty. y l cng vic

kh nng nhc khi mi bt u kinh doanh. Hy chun b tinh thn chia s t 70 ti 80%
vn cng ty v bn ang c gng xy dng mt doanh nghip c kh nng kim ra tin.

Khi c mt i ng lnh o, bn phi bit cch t ci ti sang mt bn v ng kim

sot n qu ng. Cng ty ra i nh a con ca bn, v tht nng n khi nghe ai ch
n xu x, v th bn cn phi t n ln mc u tin hng u.

N = Negotiating contracts. (m phn hp ng) m phn l mt th thch vi nhiu

nh qun tr. Bt u bng vic bit nhng iu g s ph v mt v tho thun mua bn
v ch m bn mun t ti.

Thng thng m phn mt i mt s em li hiu qu nhiu hn, v vy bn cn ch

ti ngn ng c th. Mt c th ni iu chn tht ngay c khi ming bn ni di. Hy
ch thn ti tr s lm vic ca i tng m phn thay v yu cu h n ch bn. y
l mt c hi xem xt cch hot ng ca h.

O = Organizing your office. (T chc ni lm vic) Bn s theo di mi vic nh th no?

Khng ti vic thit lp mt h thng t chc l iu rt khng nn, n s khin cho
cng vic ca bn tr nn km tri chy. H thng t chc c thit lp quy c ngay t
u s l tin cho s pht trin rng hn sau ny.

P = Pricing. (nh gi) nh gi l mt ngh thut v n s phn nh k hoch kinh

doanh ca bn. Bn khng th ln k hoch bn cho ti khi bn tm hiu th trng bit
c bn nn bn vi gi no. Ti t nht l bn nh gi ch da vo suy on, bn c th
nh gi qu cao hoc qu thp.

Sau khi mc gi hp l c a ra, bn nn bn gi r hn cho nhng khch hng u

tin.

Q = Quantifying your goals. (nh lng mc tiu) K hoch c a ra phi da

trn s nh gi v hiu bit v th trng. Doanh s m bn t ra cn mang tnh thc t
v ng tin cy c th thu ht c cc nh u t. Xem xt li mc tiu vi cc nh
u t chc chn bn ang i ng hng.

R = Record-keeping and accounting. (Ghi s v k ton) Cng ty bn s phi tuyn

dng mt nhn vin k ton. Tuy nhin khi cha c nhiu nhn vin v khch hng, bn c
th t mnh gii quyt cng vic ny. C rt nhiu phn mm k ton m bn c th t
mnh hc v s dng