Jonathan Culler

From Wikipedia, the free encyclopedia

Jonathan Culler (born 1944) is a Professor of English at Cornell

University; his published works are in the fields of structuralism, Jonathan Culler
literary theory and criticism. Born October 1, 1944 [1]
Cleveland
Occupation Professor,
Contents Author

Academic background
1 Background and career
2 Major works Alma Harvard University
3 Contributions to critical theory mater St. John's College,
4 Bibliography Oxford
5 See also
6 References Academic work
7 Sources Institutions Cornell University
8 External links

Background and career

Culler attended Harvard for his undergraduate studies, where he received a Bachelor of Arts in history and
literature in 1966. After receiving a Rhodes scholarship, he attended St. John's College, Oxford University,
where he earned a B. Phil in comparative literature (1968) and a D.Phil in modern languages (1972).[2] His
thesis for the B. Phil., on phenomenology and literary criticism, recorded Culler's first experiences with
structuralism. The thesis explored the work of Maurice Merleau-Ponty and the criticism of the "Geneva
School" using the ideas of Claude Lvi-Strauss, Roland Barthes, and Ferdinand de Saussure. Culler's
"expanded, reorganized and rewritten" doctoral dissertation, "Structuralism: The Development of Linguistic
Models and Their Application to Literary Studies," became an influential prize-winning book, Structuralist
Poetics (1975).[3] In the years 1971 - 1974 he was married to a poet Veronica Forrest-Thomson

Culler was Fellow in French and Director of Studies in Modern Languages at Selwyn College, Cambridge
University, from 19691974, and Fellow of Brasenose College, Oxford and University Lecturer in French from
1974-77.[2] He was Visiting Professor of French and Comparative Literature at Yale University in 1975. He is a
past president of the Semiotic Society of America (1988).

Currently, he is Class of 1916 Professor of English and Comparative Literature at Cornell University.[4] Culler
is married to deconstructionist critic Cynthia Chase.

Major works
Culler's Structuralist Poetics: Structuralism, Linguistics and the Study of Literature won the James Russell
Lowell Prize from the Modern Language Association of America in 1976 for an outstanding book of
criticism.[2] Structuralist Poetics was one of the first introductions to the French structuralist movement
available in English.

Cullers contribution to the Very Short Introductions series, Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction,
received praise for its innovative technique of organization. It has been translated into 26 languages, including
Kurdish, Latvian, and Albanian. Instead of chapters on critical schools and their methods, the book's eight
chapters address issues and problems of literary theory.
In The Literary in Theory (2007) Culler discusses the notion of Theory and literary historys role in the larger
realm of literary and cultural theory. He defines Theory as an interdisciplinary body of work including
structuralist linguistics, anthropology, Marxism, semiotics, psychoanalysis, and literary criticism.

His Theory of the Lyric (2015) approaches the Western lyric tradition, from Sappho to Ashbery, exploring the
major parameters of the genre and contesting two dominant models of the lyric: lyric as the intense expression
of the author's affective experience, and lyric as the fictional representation of the speech act of a persona. Both
these models, according to Culler, are extremely limiting and ignore what is most distinctive and exciting about
lyric poems.

Contributions to critical theory

Culler believes that the linguistic-structuralist model can help formulate the rules of particular systems of
convention rather than simply affirm their existence." He posits language and human culture as similar.

In Structuralist Poetics Culler warns against applying the technique of linguistics directly to literature. Rather,
the "'grammar' of literature" is converted into literary structures and meaning. Structuralism is defined as a
theory resting on the realization that if human actions or productions have meaning there must be an underlying
system that makes this meaning possible, since an utterance has meaning only in the context of a preexistent
system of rules and conventions.

Culler proposes that we use literary theory not to try to understand a text but rather to investigate the activity of
interpretation. In several of his works, he speaks of a reader who is particularly "competent." In order to
understand how we make sense of a text, Culler identifies common elements that different readers treat
differently in different texts. He suggests there are two classes of readers, the readers as field of experience for
the critic (himself a reader) and the future readers who will benefit from the work the critic and previous
readers have done.

Culler's critics complain of his lack of distinction between literature and the institution of writing in general.
John R. Searle has described Culler's presentation of deconstruction as making "Derrida look both better and
worse than he really is;" better in glossing over some of the more intellectually murky aspects of deconstruction
and worse in largely ignoring the major philosophical progenitors of Derrida's thought, namely Husserl and
Heidegger.[5]

Bibliography
Selected publications:

Flaubert: The Uses of Uncertainty. London: Elek Books; Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1974. Revised
edition: Cornell University Press, 1985.
Structuralist Poetics: Structuralism, Linguistics, and the Study of Literature. London: Routledge and
Kegan Paul; Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1975. Revised edition: Routledge Classics, 2002. Spanish,
Japanese, Portuguese, Chinese, and Croatian translations.
Saussure (American Title: Ferdinand de Saussure). London: Fontana Modern Masters; Brighton:
Harvester, 1976. New York: Penguin, 1977. Second revised edition, Ithaca: Cornell University Press,
1986; London: Fontana, 1987. Japanese, Serbian, Slovenian, Portuguese, Turkish, and Finnish
translations.
The Pursuit of Signs: Semiotics, Literature, Deconstruction. London: Routledge and Kegan Paul; Ithaca:
Cornell University Press, 198l. Revised edition, "Routledge Classics," Routledge, 2001, Cornell
University Press, 2002. Japanese translation.
On Deconstruction: Theory and Criticism after Structuralism. Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1982;
London: Routledge, 1983. Japanese, Spanish, Italian, German, Portuguese, Serbian, Chinese, Polish,
Korean, Hungarian, and Czech translations.
Barthes (American Title: Roland Barthes). London: Fontana Modern Masters; New York: Oxford
University Press, 1983. Japanese, Portuguese, and Chinese translations. Revised and expanded edition,
 Roland Barthes: A Very Short Introduction, OUP, Oxford, 2001.
ed. The Call of the Phoneme: Puns and the Foundations of Letters. Oxford: Blackwells, and Norman:
University of Oklahoma Press, 1987.
Framing the Sign: Criticism and Its Institutions. Oxford: Blackwells, and Norman, U of Oklahoma Press,
1988. Japanese translation.
Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997; reedition 1999.
Polish, Chinese, Korean, Portuguese, Italian, German, Spanish, Croatian, Japanese, Romanian, and
Latvian translations.
Ed., with Kevin Lamb, Just Being Difficult? Academic Writing in the Public Arena. Stanford: Stanford
University Press, 2003.
Ed. Deconstruction: Critical Concepts, 4 vols. London: Routledge, 2003.
Ed. with Pheng Cheah, Grounds of Comparison: Around the Work of Benedict Anderson. Routledge,
2003.
Theory of the Lyric. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press, 2015.

See also
List of deconstructionists

References
1. "Culler, Jonathan 1944- - Dictionary definition of Culler, Jonathan 1944-" (http://www.encyclopedia.co
m/arts/educational-magazines/culler-jonathan-1944). Encyclopedia.com: FREE online dictionary. 1
October 1944. Retrieved 30 March 2017.
2. Shea, Victor (1993). "Jonathan Dwight Culler". In Makaryk, Irene Rima (ed.), Encyclopedia of
Contemporary Literary Theory: Approaches, Scholars, Terms, p. 283-84. University of Toronto Press.
ISBN 0-8020-6860-X.
3. Jonathan Culler, Structuralist Poetics: Structuralism, Linguistics, and the Study of Literature (Ithaca:
Cornell UP, 1975), pp. viii-ix.
4. "Jonathan D. Culler" (http://english.cornell.edu/jonathan-d-culler). Department of English Cornell Arts &
Sciences. Retrieved 2017-03-30.
5. Searle, John R. "The Word Turned Upside Down" The New York Review of Books, Volume 30, Number
16, October 27, 1983

Sources
Beers, Terry. "Reading Reading Constraints: Conventions, Schemata, and Literary Interpretation"
Diacritics: A Review of Contemporary Criticism 18 (1988): 82-93.
Culler, J. The Literary in Theory Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2007.
Culler, J. Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction New York: Oxford University Press, 1997.
Culler, J. Structuralist Poetics: Structuralism, Linguistics, and the Study of Literature London: Routledge
and Kegan Paul; Ithaca: Cornell University Press, 1975. Revised edition: Routledge Classics, 2002
Gorman, D. "Theory of What?" Rev. of Literary Theory: A Very Short Introduction, Jonathan Culler.
Philosophy and Literature 23.1 (1999): 206-216
Schauber, E. & Spolsky, E. "Stalking a Generative Poetics" New Literary History: A Journal of Theory
and Interpretation 12.3 (1981): 397-413.
Schleifer, R. & Rupp, G. "Structuralism" The Johns Hopkins Guide to Literary Theory and Criticism 2nd
ed. (2005).

External links
James Russell Lowell Prize

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