S GIO DC V O TO K THI CHN HC SINH GII

HI DNG LP 10 THPT - NM HC 2011 2012

.................................... .....................................
CHNH THC MN THI: HA HC
Thi gian: 180 pht Ngy thi: 26/4/2012
thi gm c: 02 trang

Cho bit khi lng nguyn t (theo vC) ca cc nguyn t:

H = 1; Mg = 24; C = 12; O = 16; N = 14; Na = 23; Si = 28; P = 31; S = 32; Cl = 35,5; K = 39; Ca = 40;
Al = 27 ; Cr = 52; Mn = 55; Fe = 56; Cu = 64; Zn = 65; Br = 80; Ag = 108; I = 127; Ba = 137; Hg = 201; Pb = 207.

Cu 1: (2 im)
1. Cho nguyn t X, trng thi c bn c 11 electron thuc cc phn lp p. X c hai ng v hn km
nhau hai ntron. Trong ng v s khi ln, s ht mang in gp 1,7 ln ht khng mang in.
a. Vit cu hnh electron ca X.
b. Xc nh v tr ca X trong bng tun hon.
c. Xc nh thnh phn cu to ca hai ng v v thnh phn % theo khi lng ca mi ng v trong X
t nhin bit nguyn t khi (NTK) trung bnh ca X bng 35,48. Coi NTK c gi tr bng s khi.
2. Hp cht Z c to bi hai nguyn t M, R c cng thc M3R trong R chim 6,67% v khi lng. Trong
ht nhn nguyn t ca M c n = p + 4, cn trong ht nhn ca R c p = n, trong n, p, n, p l s ntron
v proton tng ng ca M v R. Bit rng tng s ht proton trong phn t Z l 84.
Xc nh cng thc phn t ca Z?
Cu 2: (2 im)
1. Vit cc phng trnh phn ng xy ra trong cc th nghim c m t sau:
a. Ha tan FeCl2 vo nc ri thm H2SO4 long d, sau thm dung dch KMnO4 d thy c kh
mu vng lc thot ra v dung dch thu c c cha mui mangan (II).
b. Ha tan Fe3O4 trong dung dch H2SO4 c nng d c dung dch A v kh B mi hc. Sc kh B
vo dung dch brom hoc dung dch KMnO4 u thy cc dung dch ny b nht mu.
2. H2SO4 c c tnh ho nc, n c th ly nc t mt s hp cht hu c. Trong qu trnh than ha
saccaroz c hnh thnh hn hp kh A (gm 2 kh).
a. Gii thch qu trnh hnh thnh hn hp kh A.
b. Trnh by phng php ha hc chng minh s c mt ca cc kh trong A.
c. So snh qu trnh lm kh v qu trnh than ha ca H2SO4 c.
Cu 3: (2 im)
1. Vit 6 phng trnh phn ng iu ch clo v cho bit phn ng no c dng iu ch clo
trong cng nghip.
2. Hon thnh cc phng trnh phn ng sau v cho bit cc cht ng vi cc ch ci (A), (B),... tng ng:
(1) FeS2 + kh (A) cht rn (B) + kh (D) (2) (D) + kh (E) cht rn (F) + H2O
(3) (F) + (A) (D) (4) (E) + NaOH (G) + H2O
(5) (G) + NaOH (H) + H2O (6) (H) + (I) (K) + (L)
(7) (K) + HCl (I) + (E) (8) (E) + Cl2 + H2O ...

1
Cu 4: (2 im)
Ha tan m gam KMnO4 trong dung dch HCl c d c dung dch A v V lt kh D (ktc). Pha long
dung dch A c 500 ml dung dch B.
- trung ha axit d trong 50 ml dung dch B cn dng va 24 ml dung dch NaOH 0,5 M.
- Thm AgNO3 d vo 100 ml dung dch B kt ta hon ton ion clorua thu c 17,22 gam kt ta.
a. Vit phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng xy ra.
b. Tnh nng mol/lt cc cht tan trong B.
c. Tnh m, V v th tch dung dch HCl 36,5% (D = 1,18 g/ml) dng.
Cu 5: (2 im)
Hn hp X gm Fe v kim loi M (ha tr n khng i). Ha tan hon ton m gam X trong dung dch
H2SO4 c nng, d c dung dch A v V lt kh SO 2 (ktc) l sn phm kh duy nht. Hp th hon
ton lng SO2 trn bng 500 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M c dung dch cha 5,725 gam cht tan.
Thm vo m gam X lng M gp i lng M ban u c hn hp Y. Cho Y tan ht trong dung
dch HCl c 1,736 lt H2 (ktc).
Thm mt lng Fe vo m gam X c hn hp Z cha lng st gp i lng st c trong X.
Cho Z tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long d c dung dch B cha 5,605 gam mui.
a. Vit cc phng trnh ha hc ca cc phn ng xy ra.
b. Tnh V.
c. Tm kim loi M v thnh phn % theo khi lng mi kim loi trong X.

- - - - - - - - - - - - Ht - - - - - - - - - - - - -

H v tn th sinh: ........................................................S bo danh ........................................

Ch k gim th 1 ........................................................ Ch k gim th 2 ................................

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S GIO DC V O TO P N K THI CHN HC SINH GII
HI DNG LP 10 THPT - NM HC 2011 2012
.................................... .....................................
MN THI: HA HC
Ngy thi: 26/4/2012
p n gm c: 04 trang

CU P N IM
1.a V X c 11 electron thuc phn lp p
1
cu hnh electron phn lp p ca X l: 2p63p5 0,25
cu hnh electron y : 1s 2s 2p 3s 3p .
2 2 6 2 5

1.b V tr ca X trong bng tun hon:

s 17 v c 17 electron in tch ht nhn bng 17. 0,5
Chu k 3 v c 3 lp electron.
Nhm VII A v cu hnh electron ha tr l 3s23p5.
1.c Trong ng v s khi ln s ht mang in l 17.2 = 34 ht

s ntron (ht khng mang in) l 34:1,7 = 20 ht.

s ntron trong ng v s khi nh l 18 ht. 0,25
Vy thnh phn cu to cc ng v ca X l:
ng v s khi nh: 17 electron, 17 proton, 18 ntron.
ng v s khi ln: 17 electron, 17 proton, 20 ntron.
1.d Thnh phn % theo khi lng:
Gi thnh phn % theo s nguyn t ng v nh l x% 0,25
thnh phn % theo s nguyn t ng v ln l (100 x)%.
p dng cng thc tnh NTKTB ta c:
NTKTB (A) = A1.x% + A2. (100 x)%
(17+18).x% + (17+20)(100-x)% = 35,48 x = 76%.

Xt 1 mol X (35,48 gam) c 0,76 mol 35X (0,76.35 = 26,6 gam)

thnh phn % theo khi lng 35X l: 26,6 : 35,48 = 74,97% 0,25
37
thnh phn % theo khi lng X l: 100% - 74,97% = 25,03%.

3
 2 Theo bi:
MR AR n, + p, 1
%mR = = = = (1)
3M M + M R 3A M + A R 3(n+ p) + (n + p ) 15
, ,
0,25
n=p+4 (2)
, ,
n =p (3)
Tng s proton trong Z l 3p + p = 84. (4)
Gii 4 PT trn ta c: n, = p, = 6 R l cacbon (C)
n = 30, p = 26 M l st (Fe)
Cng thc phn t ca Z l Fe3C (hp cht xementit) 0,25

a. Phng trnh phn ng:

2 1 0,5
10FeCl2 + 6KMnO4 + 24H2SO4 5Fe2(SO4)3 + 10Cl2 + 3K2SO4 + 6MnSO4 + 24H2O
b. 2Fe3O4 + 10H2SO4 (c nng) 3Fe2(SO4)3 + SO2 + 10H2O
Kh A l SO2:
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr 0,5
5SO2 + 2KMnO4 + 2H2O K2SO4 + 2MnSO4+ 2H2SO4
a. Gii thch s hnh thnh A:
2 H2SO4 (dac)
C12H22O11 12C + 11 H2O (ta nhit)
0,25
C + 2H2SO4 (c nng) CO2 + 2SO2 + 2H2O.
Vy hn hp kh A gm CO2 v SO2
b. Chng minh s c mt ca hai kh trong A, ta dn hn hp kh ln lt qua bnh
1 ng dung dch Brom (d) v bnh 2 ng dung dch Ca(OH) 2 d ri thm
vi git dung dch BaCl2 vo bnh (1):
Hin tng: Bnh (1) brom nht mu, c kt ta xut hin chng t hn hp c SO2
SO2 + Br2 + 2H2O H2SO4 + 2HBr
H2SO4 + BaCl2 BaSO4 + 2HCl
Bnh (2) c kt ta xut hin chng t c CO2: 0,5
CO2 + Ca(OH)2 CaCO3 + H2O
c. S khc nhau gia qu trnh lm kh v qu trnh than ha:
Qu trnh lm kh l qu trnh vt l.
0,25
Qu trnh than ha l qu trnh ha hc.
1 Su phng trnh iu ch clo:
3 dpdd
2NaCl + 2H2O
nm xop
2NaOH + Cl2 + H2O (1)
dpnc
2NaCl 2Na + Cl2 (2)
MnO2 + 4HCl (c) MnCl2 + Cl2 + 2H2O (3)
2KMnO4 + 16HCl (c) 2MnCl2 + 2KCl + 5Cl2 + 8H2O (4) 0,75
K2Cr2O7 + 14 HCl (c) 2KCl + 2CrCl3 + 3Cl2 + 7H2O (5)
KClO3 + 6HCl (c) KCl + 3Cl2 + 3H2O (6)
(hs c th vit 6 phng trnh khc)
Phn ng (1) l phn ng dng iu ch clo trong cng nghip.

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 2 Cc phng trnh:
(1) 4FeS2 + 11 O2 2 Fe2O3 + 8 SO2
(2) SO2 + 2H2S 3 S + 2 H2O
(3) S + O2 SO2
(4) H2S + NaOH NaHS + H2O
(5) NaHS + NaOH Na2S + H2O 1,0
(6) Na2S + FeCl2 FeS + 2NaCl
(7) FeS + 2 HCl FeCl2 + H2S
(8) H2S + 4Cl2 + 4H2O H2SO4 + 8 HCl
Cc cht ng vi cc k hiu:
A: O2 B: Fe2O3 D: SO2 E: H2S F: S 0,25
G: NaHS H: Na2S I: FeCl2 K: FeS L: NaCl
a Cc phng trnh phn ng:
4 0,25
KMnO4 + + 16HCl (c) 2MnCl2 + 2KCl + 5Cl2 + 8H2O (1)
Dung dch A cha KCl, MnCl2 v HCl d dung dch B cha KCl, MnCl2 v HCl.

Trung ha axit trong B bng NaOH:

HCl + NaOH NaCl + H2O (2)
B tc dng vi AgNO3 d:
AgNO3 + HCl AgCl + HNO3 (4)
0,5
AgNO3 + KCl AgCl + KNO3 (5)
2AgNO3 + MnCl2 2AgCl + Mn(NO3)2 (6)
b t s mol HCl, KCl trong 50 ml dung dch B ln lt l x, y (mol).
Theo phng trnh phn ng (1): nMnCl2 = nKCl = y mol
Theo phng trnh phn ng (2): x = nHCl = nNaOH = 0,024.0,5 = 0,012 mol 0,25
CM (HCl) = 0,24 M

Trong 100 ml dung dch B: nHCl = 2x mol; nMnCl2 = nKCl = 2y mol

Theo phng trnh phn ng (3), (4), (5):
nAgCl = nHCl + nKCl + 2. nMnCl2
2x + 2y + 2.2y = 17,22 : 143,5 = 0,12 mol
x + 3y = 0,06 mol y = 0,016 mol.
Vy nng mol ca cc cht trong B l:
0,25
CM (KCl) = CM(MnCl2) = 0,32M
c
Theo (1) ta c: nKMnO4 = nKCl (500 ml dd B) = 10y = 0,16 mol
m = mKMnO4 (ban u) = 0,16.158 = 25,28 gam.
0,5
5
nCl2 = nKMnO4 = 0,4mol V = 0,4.22,4 = 8,96 lt.
2

5
 Theo (1): nHCl p = 8 nKMnO4 = 1,28 mol m nHCl d = 10.x = 0,12 mol
nHCl dng = 1,28 + 0,12 = 1,4 mol
n .M 1,4.36,5
Vdd HCl dng = HCl HCl = = 118,64ml 0,25
C%.D 36,5%.1,18
a Cc phng trnh phn ng:
5
*) Hn hp X + H2SO4 c nng:
2Fe + 6H2SO4 Fe2(SO4)3 + 3 SO2 + 6H2O (1)
2M + 2nH2SO4 M2(SO4)n + n SO2 + 2nH2O (2)
0,25
Kh SO2 sinh ra tc dng vi dung dch NaOH c th xy ra phn ng:
SO2 + NaOH NaHSO3 (3)
SO2 + 2NaOH Na2SO3 + H2O (4)

*) Hn hp Y tan ht trong dung dch HCl:

Fe + 2 HCl FeCl2 + H2 (5)
2M + 2n HCl 2MCln + nH2 (6)
*) Z tc dng vi dung dch H2SO4 long d: 0,25
Fe + H2SO4 FeSO4 + H2 (7)
2M + n H2SO4 M2(SO4)n + nH2 (8)
b Tnh V: Ta c nNaOH = 0,5.0,2 = 0,1 mol
Xt trng hp xy ra c phn ng (3) v (4), NaOH ht:
t nSO2 (3) = a(mol) ; nSO2 (4) = b(mol)
nNaOH = a + 2b = 0,1mol 0,25

mchattan = 104.a + 126.b = 5,725gam
a = - 0,014 < 0 (loi)

Xt trng hp ch xy ra phn ng (4), NaOH c th d:

t nSO2 (4) = d(mol) nNaOH d = 0,1 2d mol. 0,25
m cht tan = 126.d + 40.(0,1 - 2d) = 5,725 gam d = 0,0375 mol
Vy VSO2 = 0,0375 . 22,4 = 0,84 lt

6
c t s mol Fe v M trong m gam X ln lt l: x v y mol
3 n
Theo (1) v (2) nSO2 = x + y = 0,0375mol (*)
2 2
Theo bi, trong hn hp Y c nFe = x mol; nM = 3y mol
n
Theo (5), (6) ta c nH2 = x + .2y = 0,0775mol (**)
2
Theo bi, trong hn hp Z c nFe = 2x mol; nM = y mol 0,5
1 y
Theo (7) v (8) c: nFeSO4 = nFe = 2xmol ; nM2 (SO4 )n = nM = mol
2 2
y
Khi lng mui: mmui = 152.2x + (2M + 96n). = 5,605 gam
2
304.x + M.y + 48.ny = 5,605 gam (***)
T (*), (**), (***) ta c: x = 0,01; M.y = 0,405; n.y = 0,045
M M.y 0,405
= = =9
n n.y 0,045
Xt: n 1 2 3
M (g/mol) 9 18 27
0,5
(loi) (loi) (M l Al)
y = 0,015 mol.
Vy kim loi M l Al v thnh phn % theo khi lng mi kim loi trong X:
56x
%mFe(trongX) = .100% = 58,03%
56x + 27y
27x
%mAl(trongX) = .100% = 41,97%
56x + 27y