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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1

SPM SCIENCE

PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK


SPM 2011

MODULE 1

SCIENCE

ANJURAN :

JABATAN PELAJARAN NEGERI PULAU PINANG (JPN PP)

BAHAGIAN PENYELARASAN PENYERTAAN BUMIPUTERA (BPPB),


UNIT PENYELARASAN PELAKSANAAN,
JABATAN PERDANA MENTERI

LEMBAGA KEMAJUAN WILAYAH PULAU PINANG ( PERDA ),


UNIT PENYELARASAN PELAKSANAAN,
JABATAN PERDANA MENTERI

PUSAT URUS ZAKAT PULAU PINANG (PUZ),


MAJLIS AGAMA ISLAM NEGERI PULAU PINANG

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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE

CHAPTER REVIEW
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION

CONCEPT MAP

WHAT IS CONCEPT PHYSICAL


SCIENCE? OF MASS QUANTITIES

MEASURING
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION
TOOLS
Identify the problem
Propose a hypothesis
Plan the experiment
SI UNITS
Control the variables
Mass kg
Collect data
Weight N
Analyse and interpret the
Length m
data
Area - m
Draw a conclusion
Volume - m
Write a report
Time s
Temperature K
Electric current - A

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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE

The Steps in the Scientific Method

Identify the problem

Form a hypothesis

Plan an investigation

Control the variables

Carry out the investigation

Analyse and intrepret data

Form a conclusion

Write a report

Conclusion does not Conclusion support


support hypothesis hypothesis

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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE

The Steps in the Scientific Method

1. Identifying the problem


- The problem is stated as a question and the aim is to find an answer.

2. Forming a hypothesis
- The hypothesis must be a suggestion to the answer of the question.
- Generally, it is a statement of a scientific concept or principle made as a
solution to the problem
- A general statement on the relationship between the manipulated variable
and responding variable.

3. Planning an investigation
In planning the investigation, the scientist must determine:
i. the apparatus and materials needed
ii. how the procedure is to be carried out
iii. the variables to be controlled
iv. the data to be collected and presented

4. Controlling the variables


Three types of variables:
i. the constant variables (factors which have to be kept the same)
ii. the manipulated variables ( factors which are being change for the
investigation)
iii. the responding variables ( factors which are the result of the changing
variable)
5. Analysing and interpreting data
The data may be presented in form of notes, tables, charts or graph, or a
combination of these.

6. Forming a conclusion
- A conclusion is formed based on the result of the experiment.
- It may be support the hypothesis and may be not.

Example:

Ahmad saw and old pendulum clock in his grandfathers house. He wondered how the
length of the pendulum could affect the period of oscillation ( time taken for a complete
swing). He decided to carry out a scientific investigation to find out the answer.

1. Problem: How does the length of pendulum affect the time taken for oscillation?

2. Hypothesis: The longer the pendulum is, the longer time it takes to make one
complete swing.

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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE

3. Planning an investigation: Draw a labelled diagram to show the setup of the


apparatus.

4. Variables;
(i) Constant variables : the number of complete swings
(ii) Manipulated variables : length of the pendulum
(iii) Responding variables : time for 10 complete swings

5. Analysing and interpreting data;

The following results are obtained in an experiment to investigate the effect of the length
of a pendulum on its time of swing.

Length of pendulum Time for 10 complete Average time for 1


(cm) swings (seconds) swing (seconds)
i. 30 11.0 1.1
ii. 50 14.0 1.4
iii. 70 17.0 1.7
iv. 90 19.0 1.9

The graph shows the relationship between the length of the pendulum and the average
time taken for one complete swing.

6. Conclusion: The longer the pendulum is, the longer time it takes to make one
complete swing. Hypothesis is accepted.

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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE

ACTIVITY

1. Study the Aim of Experiment , then complete the graphic organizer below by
describing the experiment based on the sub headings given.

Aim of experiment : To study how the temperature solvent affects the dissolve of
solute

Problem statement:

Hypothesis:

Variables: Manipulated:

Responding:

Fixed:

Observation

Manipulated variables Responding variables

Conclusion :

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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE

ASSESSMENT

OBJECTIVES ITEMS

1. Why is the scientific investigation method important ?


I to acquired scientific knowledge
II to develop scientific and thinking skills
III to train a person to test and verify his hypothesis through experiment(s)
before accepting it
A I and II only C II and III only
B I and III only D I, II and III

2. U to Z show the steps involved in the scientific investigation method

U Forming a hypothesis
V Planning the investigation
W Identifying the problem
X Making conclusion
Y Analysing data

Which of the following sequence shows the correct steps involve in the scientific
investigation method?
A U, V, X, Z, Y, W C Y, W, U, V, X, U
B W, U, V, X, Z, Y D V, X, Z, Y, W, U

3. Which of the following is a statement that identifies a problem?

A What are the densities of objects that float in water?


B To determine the densities of object that float in water
C Objects that have densities less than the density of water will float in
water
D All objects that are light float in water.

4. Data obtained from an experiment has to be


A analysed and interpreted
B defined
C proven
D classified and categorized

5. The variables that have to be controlled in an experiment include the

I Fixed variable(s) III responding variables(s)


II manipulated variable(s )

A I and II only C I and III only


B II and III only D I, II and III

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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE

6. Two objects, X and Y are placed in a measuring cylinder containing three


different liquids as shown in figure 1.

Figure 1

Which of the following are the correct conclusion on the observation?


I corn oils is less dense than water
II Y is more dense than water but is less dense than glycerine
III Y is less dense than corn oil
A I and II only C II and III only
B I dan III only D I, II and III

7. The graph below shows the results of an experiment to study how the solubility of
salt Q varies with temperature.

What is the manipulated variable and responding variable in this experiment?

Manipulated variable Responding variables


A Temperature Solubility
B Solubility Temperature
C Temperature Gradient of graph
D Solubility Gradient of graph

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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE

8. Figure 2 shows an experiment to study how the rate of dissolution of copper


sulphate is affected by temperature .

Figure 2
What are fixed variables in this experiment?
I The size of the copper sulphate crystals
II The mass of the copper sulphate crystals
III The volume of water used
A I and II only C II and III only
B I and III only D I, II and III

Questions No 10 to 12 are based on figure 3

Figure 3 shows an experiment to determine the relationship between the


densities of substances and their ability to float in water.

Figure 3

9. In the experiment shown in figure 3, what is the fixed variables?


A Volume of glass C Volume of water
B Volume of ice D Volume of cork

10. In the experiment shown in figure 3 what is the manipulated variable?


A Type of beaker C Type of liquid
B Type of objects D Temperature

11. What is the suitable hypothesis for the experiment shown in figure3?
A All light objects will float in water
B All heavy objects will sink in water
C Objects that have a density lower than the density of water will float
D Objects that have a density greater than the density of water will float.

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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE

12. Object with densities less than the density of water will float in water . The
statement above is
A a scientific data
B an observation
C the aim of the investigation
D a hypothesis

13. Figure 4 shows the set up of an experiment to study the floatation of objects.

Figure 4
What hypothesis that can be made for this experiment?
A The larger the number of lead shots in the test tube, the lesser its ability
to float (the deeper it will sink)
B The larger the volume of water in the glass trough, the deeper will the
containers sink.
C Heavy objects sink
D Light object float.

14. How does presenting data in the form of table, bar charts and pie charts help in
analyzing data?
I Tables and graphs enable us to see the relationship between manipulated
variable(s) and responding variable(s)
II Bar graphs make it easier to compare data
III Pie charts are an effective way to present data as percentage or
fractions.
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II and III

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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE

15. Table below shows the results of an experiment to study the rusting of iron

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What conclusion can you draw from this experiment?
A Iron does not rust in boiled water
B Iron rusts when both water and oxygen is present
C Iron rust wherever oxygen is present
D Iron rusts at room temperature

STRUCTURED ITEMS

1 Figure 1 shows an experiment to study the effect of impurities on the melting point
of pure ice

Figure 1
The result of the experiment are recorded in Table 1.

Substances Melting point


Pure ice 0C
Ice + common salt
Table 1
(a) Complete Table 1 by writing down the melting point of impure ice as shown
in Figure 1.
[1mark]
(b) Write down one inference based on the results of this experiment.


. [1mark]
(c) State the variables in this experiment.
(i) Manipulated variable:

..
(ii) Fixed variable:

..

(iii) Responding variable:

..
[3marks]
(d) How can we determine if a sample of ice from Alpine mountains is pure
ice?


[1mark]
2 Figure 2 shows an experiment to investigate the effect of acids on litmus paper.

Figure 2

(a) Write down one observation for the experiment in Figure 2.


[1mark]

(b) Write down one inference that can be made based on the observation in (a)


[1mark]
( c) What is the operational definition of an asid.

..
[1mark]
(d) (i) Predict what happens when a red and a blue litmus are dipped in vinegar
solution?


[1mark]
(ii)What inference can you make regarding vinegar solution.

.
[1mark]

3 Figure 3 shows an experiment to investigate the factors that affect the germination of
seeds.
Figure 3

(a) State one hypothesis for this experiment.


[1mark]
(b) State the variables in this experiment
(i) Manipulated variables

..

(ii) Responding variables

...........................................

(iii) Fixed variables


[3marks]

(c) Predict if the seeds in test tube C will germinate? Explain.


[1mark]

4 The weight of students in class 4 A are divided into 6 groups as shown in Table 2.

Weigth (kg) 41 - 45 46 - 50 51 55 56 60 61 65 66 70
Number of students 2 6 12 8 5 2

(a) Draw a bar chart shows the distribution of weight of the students in class A.
[3marks]
(b) (i) How many students are in the class 4A?

..
[1mark]

(ii) What is the weight of the most of the student in class A?

..
[1mark]

(iii) What is the percentage of student weighing 61 kg and above?


[1mark]

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