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SPM SCIENCE
MODULE 1
SCIENCE
ANJURAN :
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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE
CHAPTER REVIEW
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION
CONCEPT MAP
MEASURING
SCIENTIFIC INVESTIGATION
TOOLS
Identify the problem
Propose a hypothesis
Plan the experiment
SI UNITS
Control the variables
Mass kg
Collect data
Weight N
Analyse and interpret the
Length m
data
Area - m
Draw a conclusion
Volume - m
Write a report
Time s
Temperature K
Electric current - A
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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE
Form a hypothesis
Plan an investigation
Form a conclusion
Write a report
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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE
2. Forming a hypothesis
- The hypothesis must be a suggestion to the answer of the question.
- Generally, it is a statement of a scientific concept or principle made as a
solution to the problem
- A general statement on the relationship between the manipulated variable
and responding variable.
3. Planning an investigation
In planning the investigation, the scientist must determine:
i. the apparatus and materials needed
ii. how the procedure is to be carried out
iii. the variables to be controlled
iv. the data to be collected and presented
6. Forming a conclusion
- A conclusion is formed based on the result of the experiment.
- It may be support the hypothesis and may be not.
Example:
Ahmad saw and old pendulum clock in his grandfathers house. He wondered how the
length of the pendulum could affect the period of oscillation ( time taken for a complete
swing). He decided to carry out a scientific investigation to find out the answer.
1. Problem: How does the length of pendulum affect the time taken for oscillation?
2. Hypothesis: The longer the pendulum is, the longer time it takes to make one
complete swing.
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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE
4. Variables;
(i) Constant variables : the number of complete swings
(ii) Manipulated variables : length of the pendulum
(iii) Responding variables : time for 10 complete swings
The following results are obtained in an experiment to investigate the effect of the length
of a pendulum on its time of swing.
The graph shows the relationship between the length of the pendulum and the average
time taken for one complete swing.
6. Conclusion: The longer the pendulum is, the longer time it takes to make one
complete swing. Hypothesis is accepted.
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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE
ACTIVITY
1. Study the Aim of Experiment , then complete the graphic organizer below by
describing the experiment based on the sub headings given.
Aim of experiment : To study how the temperature solvent affects the dissolve of
solute
Problem statement:
Hypothesis:
Variables: Manipulated:
Responding:
Fixed:
Observation
Conclusion :
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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE
ASSESSMENT
OBJECTIVES ITEMS
U Forming a hypothesis
V Planning the investigation
W Identifying the problem
X Making conclusion
Y Analysing data
Which of the following sequence shows the correct steps involve in the scientific
investigation method?
A U, V, X, Z, Y, W C Y, W, U, V, X, U
B W, U, V, X, Z, Y D V, X, Z, Y, W, U
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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE
Figure 1
7. The graph below shows the results of an experiment to study how the solubility of
salt Q varies with temperature.
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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE
Figure 2
What are fixed variables in this experiment?
I The size of the copper sulphate crystals
II The mass of the copper sulphate crystals
III The volume of water used
A I and II only C II and III only
B I and III only D I, II and III
Figure 3
11. What is the suitable hypothesis for the experiment shown in figure3?
A All light objects will float in water
B All heavy objects will sink in water
C Objects that have a density lower than the density of water will float
D Objects that have a density greater than the density of water will float.
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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE
12. Object with densities less than the density of water will float in water . The
statement above is
A a scientific data
B an observation
C the aim of the investigation
D a hypothesis
13. Figure 4 shows the set up of an experiment to study the floatation of objects.
Figure 4
What hypothesis that can be made for this experiment?
A The larger the number of lead shots in the test tube, the lesser its ability
to float (the deeper it will sink)
B The larger the volume of water in the glass trough, the deeper will the
containers sink.
C Heavy objects sink
D Light object float.
14. How does presenting data in the form of table, bar charts and pie charts help in
analyzing data?
I Tables and graphs enable us to see the relationship between manipulated
variable(s) and responding variable(s)
II Bar graphs make it easier to compare data
III Pie charts are an effective way to present data as percentage or
fractions.
A I and II only
B I and III only
C II and III only
D I, II and III
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PROGRAM DIDIK CEMERLANG AKADEMIK (PDCA) 2011 MODULE 1
SPM SCIENCE
15. Table below shows the results of an experiment to study the rusting of iron
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What conclusion can you draw from this experiment?
A Iron does not rust in boiled water
B Iron rusts when both water and oxygen is present
C Iron rust wherever oxygen is present
D Iron rusts at room temperature
STRUCTURED ITEMS
1 Figure 1 shows an experiment to study the effect of impurities on the melting point
of pure ice
Figure 1
The result of the experiment are recorded in Table 1.
. [1mark]
(c) State the variables in this experiment.
(i) Manipulated variable:
..
(ii) Fixed variable:
..
..
[3marks]
(d) How can we determine if a sample of ice from Alpine mountains is pure
ice?
[1mark]
2 Figure 2 shows an experiment to investigate the effect of acids on litmus paper.
Figure 2
[1mark]
(b) Write down one inference that can be made based on the observation in (a)
[1mark]
( c) What is the operational definition of an asid.
..
[1mark]
(d) (i) Predict what happens when a red and a blue litmus are dipped in vinegar
solution?
[1mark]
(ii)What inference can you make regarding vinegar solution.
.
[1mark]
3 Figure 3 shows an experiment to investigate the factors that affect the germination of
seeds.
Figure 3
[1mark]
(b) State the variables in this experiment
(i) Manipulated variables
..
...........................................
[3marks]
[1mark]
4 The weight of students in class 4 A are divided into 6 groups as shown in Table 2.
Weigth (kg) 41 - 45 46 - 50 51 55 56 60 61 65 66 70
Number of students 2 6 12 8 5 2
(a) Draw a bar chart shows the distribution of weight of the students in class A.
[3marks]
(b) (i) How many students are in the class 4A?
..
[1mark]
..
[1mark]
[1mark]