Outline

1986 NZSEE Red Book

Basis for seismic design of tanks
NZSEE 2008 Recommendations for

Seismic Design of Storage Tanks Regulatory changes

NZSEE 2008 revised methodology
Comparative Examples

David Whittaker & Dean Saunders

on behalf of the NZSEE Tank Study Group

NZNSEE 1986 Red Book Seismic Design basis for tanks

All kinds of tanks

Widely used in NZ and overseas
Largely adopted in Eurocode
Elastic design, no ductility
Difficult in practice
Hazards estimates out of date
 Regulatory Changes
NZS 4203 revisions & NZS 1170
Dangerous Goods Regs repealled
HSNO Act
API 650 updates (steel tanks)
Vi = Cd (Ti ) mi g
NZSEE 2008 methodology
Design horizontal load
Vi = Cd (Ti ) mi g
Cd (Ti ) = C (Ti )k f ( , i )S p
C (Ti ) = Ch (Ti ) Z Ru N (Ti , D )
kf(, i )= correction for ductility & damping
NZSEE 2008 methodology
Changes from 1986 method
In accordance with NZS1170
(or other international code)
Limited ductility permitted
( = 1.25 or 2.0)
Adjustment factor for damping and ductility
Ease of use
Displacement ductility factors k f ,i
Ductility Factor = 1.25 Ductility Factor = 2.0
Steel tank designed to remain elastic Steel tank unanchored and designed for uplift
Steel tank elastic (diamond) buckling mode Steel tank with ductile holding down bolts
Steel tank with non-ductile holding-down bolts Steel tank with yielding skirt pedestal
Timber tanks
Other non-ductile materials
Concrete tanks on grade
Other tanks from ductile materials
 Damping k f ,i Spectrum Correction Factors k f ,i

1.8
Steel Tanks, t / R = 0.002
35 1.6

30 0.5 1.4 ductility = 1.0

ductility = 1.25
1.2
ductility = 2.0

Correction Factor kf
25
Damping Factor, %

1.0 1.0
20
0.3
0.8
15
1.5
0.6
10
2.0 0.4

5
0.2
H/R = 3.0
0
200 250 300 350 400 450 500 550 600
0.0
0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%
Shear Wave Velocity, m/s
Damping

Importance levels Ru Comparative Examples

Case Location Tank Product Anchorage Design Ground
Material Stored Return Type
Consequence of Importance Level Design Return Period Return Period Factor Period
Failure (yrs)

Slight 1 100 0.5 1 Wellington Steel Diesel Unanchored 500 Shallow soil
Moderate 2 500 1.0 2 Wellington Steel Petrol Unanchored 2,500 Deep soil
Serious 3 1000 1.3 3 Auckland Steel Diesel Unanchored 500 Shallow soil
Extreme 4 2500 1.8 4 Auckland Steel Petrol Unanchored 2500 Deep soil
5 Wellington Steel Diesel Anchored 500 Deep soil
6 Wellington Steel Petrol Anchored 2500 Deep soil
7 Wellington Concrete Water Unanchored 1000 Rock
8 Auckland Concrete Water Unanchored 1000 Rock
 4.0 4.0
2.0 2.0 Case 5 Case 6
3.36 type: anchored steel petrol tank
Case 1 1.76 Case 2 type: anchored steel petrol tank
type: unanchored steel petrol tank location: Wellington

Impulsive Coefficient (g)

location: Wellington

Impulsive Coefficient (g)

type: unanchored steel petrol tank
3.0 3.0
Impulsive Coefficient (g)

location: Wellington risk: Extreme

Impulsive Coefficient (g)

location: Wellington risk: Moderate
1.5 1.5
risk: Moderate risk: Extreme

1.08
2.0 2.0
1.0 1.0
1.40
0.74
0.69 1.12
0.60
0.47 0.48 1.0 1.0
0.5 0.36 0.5 0.62 0.60 0.60
0.48 0.40

0.0 0.0
0.0 0.0
NZSEE NZNSEE API 650 API 650 NZSEE NZNSEE API 650 API 650
NZSEE NZNSEE API 650 API 650 NZSEE NZNSEE API 650 API 650
2008 1986 2003 2006 & 2008 1986 2003 2006 & 2008 1986 2003 2006 &
2008 1986 2003 2006 &
NZS1170 NZS1170 NZS1170
NZS1170

2.0 2.0 3.0 3.0

Case 3 Case 4 Case 7 Case 8
type: unanchored steel petrol tank type: unanchored steel petrol tank type: prestressed concrete water reservoir type: prestressed concrete water reservoir

Impulsive Coefficient (g)

Impulsive Coefficient (g)

location: Auckland location: Auckland 2.5 location: Wellington 2.5 location: Auckland
1.5 1.5
risk: Moderate risk: Extreme

Impulsive Coefficient (g)

Impulsive Coefficient (g)
risk: Intended Facility (Serious) risk: Intended Facility (Serious)
2.0 2.0
0.97 1.95 1.73
1.0 1.0

1.5 1.5

0.5 0.40 0.5 0.35

0.30 1.0 1.0 0.86
0.24 0.22
0.15 0.12 0.66

0.0 0.0 0.5 0.5 0.35

0.23
NZSEE NZNSEE API 650 API 650 NZSEE NZNSEE API 650 API 650
2008 1986 2003 2006 & 2008 1986 2003 2006 &
0.0 0.0
NZS1170 NZS1170
NZSEE 2008 NZNSEE 1986 NZS 3106 NZSEE 2008 NZNSEE 1986 NZS 3106

HSNO Compliance Financial assistance

Seeking Approved Code of Practice NZSEE

status Mobil Oil New Zealand Ltd,
Environmental Risk Management Shell Oil New Zealand Ltd,
Authority (ERMA) administers Caltex Oil New Zealand Ltd,
BP Oil New Zealand Ltd,
NZ Refining Ltd.,
Shell Todd Oil Services Ltd,
New Zealand Insurance Ltd
 Study Group Membership Questions?

David Whittaker (Convenor),

Dean Saunders,
Rob Jury,
John Wood,
Barry Davidson,
Graeme McVerry
John Mason