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Structural Design Calculation

TECHNOCAST PRECAST L.L.C.


REV 0
29-Jun-17
QP 7.3 FORM 3

DESIGN CALCULATION SHEET FOR MAIN FRAME OF


COVERED SITTING AREA

AlHafar outdoor Shooting range-


PROJECT
sitting area
CONTRACT NO. CT-631
UNITED ARAB EMIRATES
CLIENT MINISTRY OF INTERIOR (Abu
Dhabi Police GHQ )
CONTRACTOR YEBNA GENERAL CONTRACTING

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Structural Design Calculation

CONTENT

* Cover Page page 1

* Content page 2

* Design Criteria page 3-6

* Building Geometry page 7-8

* Main Frame Loading page 9-13

* Serviceability Check of Main Frames page 14-17

* Check for Stability of Main Frame page 18-19

* Column Design page 20-31

* Beam Design page 32-36

* Foundation Design page 37-44

* Check for Shear Capacity of Connection page 45-47

* Lifting of Precast Beam page 48-55

* Beam Design During Construction Stage page 56-63

* Appendix "A"-Groutec Coupler Data sheet page 64-88

* Appendix "B"- Corrugated Pipe Connection page 89-90

* Appendix "C"- shop drawings page 91-95

* Appendix "D"- Approved Basic Drawings page 96-101

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Structural Design Calculation

A. STRUCTURAL DESIGN PHILOSOPHY:

This document cover the design calculation of main frame of covered sitting area.
The main frame is a moment frame system composed of precast column, cantilever beams
and diagonal strut that supports the cantilever beams. Roof is composed of hollowcore slabs
without structural topping. Overall structure is supported by precast isolated eccentric footing.

For purpose of analysis and preliminary design, 3D model is developed using ETABS V.9.7.4
software considering all applied external loads. Then final design is done using CSIcol V 8.4
software for final column and section design. For footing design, CSI SAFE V.12.3.2 software
is utilize for service and strength design. All footing loads is exported thru Etabs model.

Main frame is designed considering dead,live, wind and earthquake loads

Connection between precast frame elements ( column & beam ) will be achieved by
main reinforement development using groutech couplers refer to (appendix A)-attached data sheet.
And Connection between ( footing and column ) is achieved by using 100mm corrugated pipe
as per PCI recommendation in chapter 6, page 6-8 ( refer to appendix B)

B. CONCRETE

a. CHARACTERISTIC COMPRESSIVE STRENGTH:


Below are compressive strengths of concrete at 28 days and required strengths
of precast elements during demoulding at factory.

Strength at
Strength at 28 days
Stripping/Demoulding
TYPE Elements
Cube Cylinder Cube strength, Cylinder
strength, fcu Strength, fc fcu Strength, fc
Precast HCS slabs 50.0 MPa 40.0 MPa 35.0 MPa 28.0 MPa
PRECAST

PRESTRE
SSED

Precast Columns 50.0 MPa 40.0 MPa 25.0 MPa 20.0 MPa
/

Precast Beams 50.0 MPa 40.0 MPa 20.0 MPa 16.0 MPa
Precast Beams 50.0 MPa 40.0 MPa 25.0 MPa 20.0 MPa
Precast Foundation 50.0 MPa 40.0 MPa 25.0 MPa 20.0 MPa

C. REINFORCEMENT
a. REINFORCING STEEL GRADE:
Main bars. Grade 460 - high yield deformed bars conforming to BS4449
Type 2, denoted by "T", fy = 460MPa
Secondary bars (Shear reinforcements). As per ACI 11.4.2, values of fy used
in design of shear reinforcement shall not exceed 420MPa.
Welded wire mesh. Steel fabric reinforcement will comply with BS4483. The
preferred range of designated fabric types will be as per Table 1 of BS4483.
Prestressing strands. ASTM A416 Grade 270 low relaxation strands, fpu=1860MPa.
b. Lap splice length should be taken as minimum 50 times diameter of bar, unless
otherwise specified.
c. The reinforcement shall be cut, bent, detailed and fabricated in accordance with
ACI 315-99, Details and Detailing of Concrete Reinforcement.

D. DEFLECTION CRITERIA
Deflection limits shall be as per specifications & IBC chapter 1604 as detailed below:
1. Deflection of beams due to dead plus live loads shall not exceed 1/120 of the span.

E. CODES OF PRACTICE AND STANDARDS

ASCE7-10 & ADIBC 2013: Wind Loads & Seismic Loads


Precast Institute (PCI) Handbook 6th edition
ACI318M-08; Building Code Requirements for Reinforced Concrete & Commentary

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Structural Design Calculation

F. STRUCTURAL DESIGN SOFTWARE & PROCEDURE


a) SOFTWARE

ETABS 9.7.4 - Analysis and Premilinary design


of beams and columns
CSIcol 8.40 - Final design of beams and columns
SAFE 12.30 - Design of Foundation

G. FOUNDATION

Net allowable soil pressure in footing design = 150 Kpa

H. LOADINGS

a. WEIGHT OF MATERIALS:
Self weight of material are calculated using the unit weights as provided in
Table C3-2 of ASCE/SEI 7-10. As a guide the following unit weight will be used
where appropriate:
Reinforced Concrete 25.0 KN/m
Reinforcing Steel 78.0 KN/m
Roof Floor Loads

Dead Loads = Self weight of Precast Elements

Hollowcore Slab Thick 150 mm Including Joints Grouting = 2.40 KN/m


Note: Structural Topping is not required therefore load = 0

Live Load (General) = 1.00 KN/m

WIND LOADS
V= 40.0 m/s (Basic wind speed)
Exposure Category C (Exposure category, open terrain, Sect 6.5.6)
I= 1.00 (Wind importance factor, Table 6-1)

SEISMIC DATA (ASCE-7-10)


Ss= 0.58 (Spectral response acceleration at 0.20sec)
S1= 0.18 (Spectral response acceleration at 1.0sec)
Importance Factor, I 1.25 (Seismic importance factor, Table 11.5-1)
Occupancy Category III (Occupancy category, Table 1-1)
Site class D (Soft soil, Section 11.4.2 & Chapter 20, Abu Dhabi's seismic data)
R= 1.50 (Response modification coefficient, Table 12.2-1)-Cantliver Coulmn
SDS= 0.522 (Design, 5% damped, spectral response acc. at short periods)
SD1= 0.250 (Design, 5% damped, spectral response acc. at long periods)

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Structural Design Calculation

I. LOAD COMBINATIONS

Combining Factored Loads using Strength Design ASCE 7-10 (2.3.2)

Basic Ultimate Load combinations


1. ULC1: 1.4 D
2. ULC2: 1.2 D+ 1.6 L
3. ULC3: 1.2 D+ 1.00 W
4. ULC4: 1.2 D+ 1.60 W + 1.0 L
5. ULC5: 0.9 D+ 1.60 W
6. ULC6: 1.2 D+ 1.00 EQ + 1.0 L
7. ULC7: 1.2 D+ 1.00 EQ
8. ULC8: 0.9 D+ 1.00 EQ

Basic Service Load combinations


1. SLC1: D+L
2. SLC2: D+ W
3. SLC2: D + 0.6W
4. SLC3: D + 0.7EQ
5. SLC5: D + 0.75L + 0.525 EQ
6. SLC6: D + 0.75L + 0.45W

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Structural Design Calculation

CALCULATION OF WIND LOAD according to ASCE/SEI 7-10

As per Eq. 6-27 of section 6.5.14 in ASCE/SEI 7-05,the design wind force shall be:

Design Wind Pressure P= (F/As) = q x G x Cf (kN/m)

where,

q = the velocity pressure defined in section 6.5.10.

= 0.613 x kz x kzt x kd x V2 x I (N/m2)

kd = wind directionality factor (section 6.5.4.4 Table 6-4)

= 0.85

kz velocity pressure exposure coefficient (section 6.5.6.6 Table 6-3)

= 0.94 [for height H = 0 to 7.6m and exposure category C]

kzt = topographic factor (section 6.5.7.2)

= 1.0 (for reasonably flat topography)

V =basic wind speed (m/sec) which is a 3 second gust speed


at a height of 10m above ground.

= 40 m/sec (as per ADM requirement)

I = Importance factor

= 1.0

G = 0.85 (gust effect factor section 6.5.8)

Cf = 1.55 (net force coefficient figure 6.20 with asprect ratio B/s
= 0.67) B= 4.886 m s= 7.25 m
2
As =Gross Area of the solid free standing wall in (m )

Velocity pressure, q =0.613 x kz x kzt x kd x V2 x I

q = 0.613 x 0.94 x 1.0 x 0.85 x 40 x 1.0 = 784 N/m

q= 0.784 KN/m

Wind Pressure, P = q x G x Cf

P= 0.784 x 0.85 x 1.55 = 1.03 KN/m


wind pressure considered in the design, P = 1.20 KN/m (conservative value)

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Structural Design Calculation

BUILDING GEOMETRY

PRECAST ISOLATED FOOTING


PRECAST TIE BEAM OF MAIN FRAME

PRECAST STRIP FOOTING

PRECAST FOUNDATION PLAN

PRECAST WALL PRECAST COLUMN


OF MAIN FRAME

GROUND FLOOR LAYOUT

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Structural Design Calculation

PRECAST HOLLOW PRECAST CANTILEVER BEAM


CORE SLABS OF MAIN FRAME

HOLLOW CORE ROOF LAYOUT

PRECAST CANTILEVER BEAM PRECAST HOLLOW


OF MAIN FRAME CORE SLABS

PRECAST COLUMN
OF MAIN FRAME

PRECAST FOOTING
OF MAIN FRAME

TYPICAL SECTION

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Structural Design Calculation

Main Frame Loading


FULL 3-D View

SINGLE FRAME 3-D View

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Structural Design Calculation

Applied Loads
Considered In The
Design
. Wind Load Calculated As Per ASCE 7-10 = 1Kpa
1) Assumed To Be More Conservative Value = 1.2
Kpa

. HCS Span Length = 4.226 meter Approximated


2) To Be = 4.3 meter

. Distributed Linear Gravity Load On Beam Due To


3) The HCS = 4.3 x 2.4 = 10.3 KN/m

. Main Frame Center To Center Spacing = 4.86


4) meter Approximated To Be = 5 meter

. Distributed Linear Wind Load On Column In X-


5) Direction = 1.2 x 5 = 6 KN/m

. Distributed Linear Wind Load On Column In Y-


6) Direction = 1.50 kN/m ( to be more conserative)

. The SelfWeight Of The Whole Framing System Is


7) Automatically Calculated In Etabs

8) . The EarthQuake Loads In Both Directions Are


Generated By The Etabs

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Structural Design Calculation

Applied Loads
Live Load = 4.3 KN/m

S.D.L = 10.3 KN/m

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Structural Design Calculation

Wind Load (Y-direction) = 1.5 KN/m

Wind Load (X-direction) = 6 KN/m

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Structural Design Calculation

EQ Load (Y-direction)

EQ Load (X-direction)

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Structural Design Calculation

SERVICEABILITY CHECK OF MAIN FRAMES

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Structural Design Calculation

1) CHECK FOR CRACK PROPERTIES OF COLUMN

a) Parameters

Ma = 1489.88 KN-m (conservative moment )


fc' = 40.0 MPa (concrete compressive strength)
b= 800.0 mm (breadth of cross section)
h= 1600.0 mm (depth of cross section)
d= 1430.0 mm (effective depth based on tension steel)
d'= 170.0 mm (effective depth based on comp. steel)
d1= 800.0 mm (C.G of the whole steel in the section))
As= 4020.0 mm (area of steel of tension steel)
As' 4020.0 mm (area of steel of compression steel)

Note: Sustained service moment due to dead load and live load = 1314.31 KN.m.
However in order to be conservative wind moment is also considered ( D+L+W) = 1489.88 KN.m

b) Calculation

Ec = 4700 x fc' = 4700 x 40.00= 29725.4 MPa


fr = 0.62 x fc' = 0.62 x 40.00= 3.92 MPa
Ig = bh3/12 = 800.0 x1,600.00^3 /12= 273066666666.67 mm3
n= Es/Ec = 29,725.4 /200,000.00= 6.73

(Cracking Moment)
Mcr = fr. Ig /yt x 10^6 = 3.92 x273,066,666,666.67/800.00x 10^6 = 1338.44 KN-m

(Neutral axis determination Z)


Ast= As + As' = 4,020.00 + 4,020.00= 8040.00 mm

Z= n Ast / b [-1 + 1+2bd1/nAst) ]


Z= 6.73x8,040.00 / 800.00 [ -1 + 1+2x 800.00x1,430.00 / 6.73x8,040.00 ]
Z= 377.31 mm

(Cracking Moment of inertia)


Icr = b.Z/3 + n.As'. (Z-d')+ n. As . (d-Z)

Icr =800.0x377.31^3/3 + 6.73x4,020.00x(377.31-170.00)^2 + 6.73x4,020.00x(1,430.00-377.31)^2


Icr = 45459395380.45 mm3

Ie = (Mcr/Ma)^3 x Ig + ( 1 -(Mcr/Ma)^3 ) x Icr

Ie = (1,338.44/1,489.88)^3 x 273,066,666,666.667 + ( 1 -(1,338.44/1,489.88^3)(45,459,395,380.45))


Ie = 210478194617.8 mm3

f = Ie / Ig = 210,478,194,617.76/273,066,666,666.67

f= 0.77 ( modification that will be use in etabs model to calculate


longterm deflection due to cracking of section )

(Multiplier for long-term deflection to account for creep and shrinkage )

= 2 (time-dependent factor)
'= As'/ bh = 0.00314

= / ( 1 + 50 ') = (2.00 / (1+ 50 x 0.00314))


= 1.73 ( modification that will be use in etabs model to calculate
longterm deflection due to creep and shrinkage )

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Structural Design Calculation

2) CHECK FOR CRACK PROPERTIES OF BEAM

a) Parameters

Ma = 261.43 KN-m (sustained service maximum moment )


fc' = 40.0 MPa (concrete compressive strength)
b= 800.0 mm (breadth of cross section)
h= 1000.0 mm (depth of cross section)
d= 940.0 mm (effective depth based on tension steel)
d'= 60.0 mm (effective depth based on comp. steel)
As= 4020.0 mm (area of steel of tension steel)
As' 3920.0 mm (area of steel of compression steel)

b) Calculation

Ec = 4700 x fc' = 4700 x 40.00= 29725.4 MPa


fr = 0.62 x fc' = 0.62 x 40.00= 3.92 MPa
Ig = as per section = 57556607093.87 mm3
n= Es/Ec = 29,725.4 /200,000.00= 6.73

(Cracking Moment)
Mcr = fr. Ig /yt x 10^6 = 3.92 x57,556,607,093.87/473.00x 10^6 = 477.15 KN-m

Mcr = 477.15 KN-m > Ma = 261.43 KN-m

As per above calculation cracking moment (Mcr) is greater than aplied moment(Ma),
Therefore the section is uncrack and no reduction of stiffness.

(Multiplier for long-term deflection to account for creep and shrinkage )

= 2 (time-dependent factor)
'= As'/ bh = 0.00490

= / ( 1 + 50 ') = (2.00 / (1+ 50 x 0.00490))


= 1.61 (longterm deflection modifier due to creep and shrinkage )

Apply = 1.73 (maximum value)

3) DEFLECTION DIAGRAM
3.17 mm

9.08 mm
4.15 mm

1.79 mm

IMMEDIATE DEFLECTION DUE TO SELFWEIGHT ONLY


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Structural Design Calculation

4.93 mm

14.23 mm
6.41 mm

2.77 mm

IMMEDIATE DEFLECTION AFTER PLACING HCS + GROUT

11.50 mm

31.02 mm
14.34 mm

6.50 mm

LONGTERM DEFLECTION AFTER 5 YEARS

Net longterm deflection for beam = 31.02 mm - 14.34 mm = 16.68 mm

All. Deflection = L/120 = 4500 / 120 = 37.50 mm

37.50 mm > 16.68 mm

Applying 50 mm camber ----- OK!

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Structural Design Calculation

CHECK FOR FRAME STABILITY

CALCULATION OF LOADS ACTING ON FOOTING

P1= beam and column weight = Pdead = 593.13 KN ( as per etabs model)
P2= weight of footing + soil
P2= 2.3x6.6x0.75x25 + 0.75x2.3x6.6x18
P2= 489.56 kN

P3= (average weight of 2 stair + weight of wall) x span


P3= ((53.75 + 51.25)/2 + 16.30 ) x 4.886
P3= 336.16 kN

P4= (weight of stair + weight of wall + tie beam) x span


P4= (51.25/2 + 10.50 + 15 + 6.56) x 4.086
P4= 235.70 kN

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Structural Design Calculation

Note:
weight of soil is neglected
neglected in order to be
conservative. P4 x4=5.925m
P1 As per Etabs output
x1=5.30m
Mdead= 1223.32 kN.m
Mo P2 Mlive(50%)= 90.99 kN.m
x2=3.30m
Mwind= 175.57 kN.m
P3 x3=1.60m
Hw

A
(a) Check against overturning

Overturning Moment:
Taking moment about the end point at the bottom of the base point A

Mo= Mdead + Mlive(50%) + Mwind


Mo= 1,223.32+90.99+175.57
Mo= 1489.88 kN.m

Stabilizing Moment:
Ms = Stabilizing moment due to gravity load on foundation
Ms= P1 (x1) + P2 (x2) + P3 (x3) + P4 (x4)
Ms= 593.13 ( 5.30 ) + 489.56 (3.30)
336.16 ( 1.60 ) + 235.70 (5.925)
Ms= 6693.52 kN.m

Factor of safety against over-turning

F.O.S = Ms /Mo =6,693.52 / 1,489.88 = 4.49 > 1.5

Safe against overturning O.K!

(b) Check against sliding

Fr = N Tan 2/3 where N= Total axial load


= (sand friction angle)
N = P1 + P2= 593.13+489.56+334.70+235.77 = 1653.16 kN

Fr = N Tan 2/3 = 1,653.16 tan 2/3 (30)= 601.75 KN

Fs= Hw = 49.5 kN ( as per etabs output)

F.O.S = Fr/Fs =601.75 / 49.50 = 12.16 > 1.5


Safe against Sliding O.K!

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Structural Design Calculation

Column Design
a) CHECK FOR P-M CAPACITY RATIO

Column Section

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Structural Design Calculation

Column Forces from Etabs

P-M Column Capacity Ratios

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Structural Design Calculation

Column Stresses

UDCON1 ( 1.4 D.L )

UDCON2 ( 1.2 D.L + 1.6 L.L )

UDCON3 (1.2 D.L + 1 L.L + 1 WIND Y)

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Structural Design Calculation

UDCON4 (1.2 D.L + 1 L.L - 1 WIND Y)

UDCON5 (1.2 D.L + 1 L.L + 1 WIND X)

UDCON6 (1.2 D.L + 1 L.L - 1 WIND X)

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Structural Design Calculation

UDCON7 (1.2 D.L + 0.8 WIND Y)

UDCON8 (1.2 D.L - 0.8 WIND Y)

UDCON9 (1.2 D.L + 0.8 WIND X)

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Structural Design Calculation

UDCON10 (1.2 D.L - 0.8 WIND X)

UDCON11 (0.9 D.L + 1.6 WIND Y)

UDCON12 (0.9 D.L - 1.6 WIND Y)

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Structural Design Calculation

UDCON13 (0.9 D.L + 1.6 WIND X)

UDCON14 (0.9 D.L - 1.6 WIND X)

UDCON15 (1.2 D.L + 1 L.L + 1 Qy)

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Structural Design Calculation

UDCON16 (1.2 D.L + 1 L.L - 1 Qy)

UDCON17 (1.2 D.L + 1 L.L + 1 Qx)

UDCON18 (1.2 D.L + 1 L.L - 1 Qx)

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Structural Design Calculation

UDCON19 (1.2 D.L + 1 Qy)

UDCON20 (1.2 D.L - 1 Qy)

UDCON21 (1.2 D.L + 1 Qx)

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Structural Design Calculation

UDCON22 (1.2 D.L - 1 Qx)

UDCON23 ( 0.9 D.L + 1 Qy)

UDCON24 ( 0.9 D.L - 1 Qy)

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Structural Design Calculation

UDCON25 ( 0.9 D.L + 1 Qx)

UDCON26 ( 0.9 D.L - 1 Qx)

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Structural Design Calculation

b) CHECK FOR SHEAR

Max Ultimate Shear Force (Vu) = 452.58 KN

1) Phi Vc = 0.75 x (1/6) x (fc')^0.5 x bw x d

2) AVmin = max of following two formulas

1st = 0.062 x (fc')^0.5 x bw x (s/fyt)


3) 2nd = 0.35 x b x (s/fyt)

Phi Vc = 0.75 x (1/6) x(40)^0. 5x 800 x (1430) x (1/1000) = 904.41


4) kN

5) [ 0.5 x Phi Vc < Vu < Phi Vc ] , ThereFore , AVmin Is Required

6) AVmin = 0.062 x (40)^0.5 x 800 x (150/460) = 107.242 mm2

7) AV Provided = 4 T10 = 314mm2

8) AV Provided > AVmin , ThereFore Ok

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Structural Design Calculation

Beam Design
a) CHECK FOR BENDING

Beam Section

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Structural Design Calculation

Beam Forces From Etabs

P-M Capacity Ratios

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Structural Design Calculation

Stress Diagrams

Load Combination
(1.2 D.L + 1.6 L.L )

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Structural Design Calculation

b) CHECK FOR BEAM SHEAR

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Structural Design Calculation

Max Ultimate Shear Force = 165 KN

1) Phi Vc = 0.75 x (1/6) x (fc')^0.5 x bw x d

2) AVmin = max of following two formulas

1st = 0.062 x (fc')^0.5 x bw x (s/fyt)


3) 2nd = 0.35 x b x (s/fyt)

Phi Vc = 0.75 x (1/6) x(40)^0. 5x 787.5 x (2x200) x (1/1000) =


4) 249.03 KN

5) [ 0.5 x Phi Vc < Vu < Phi Vc ] , ThereFore , AVmin Is Required

6) AVmin = 0.062 x (40)^0.5 x 300 x (200/460) = 51.46 mm2

7) AV Provided = 4 T10 = 314mm2

8) AV Provided > AVmin , ThereFore Ok

36
Foundation Design
The Allowable Net Bearing Capacity = 150 Kpa

Applied Forces Due To :-

1-) DL Case From Column

2-) SDL Case From Column

37
3-) L.L Case From Column

4-) SDL Case From Walls

38
5-) L.L Case From Walls

6-) Soil Surface Load On The Footing

39
The Soil Pressure Due To The Service Load Combination (1 DL + 1 SDL + 1 LL)

Soil Pressure = 129.44 - 18 x 1.5 m = 102.44 Kpa < 150 , Therefore OK

40
Footing Reinforcement

The Minimun Reinforcement For The Footing = 0.0016 x750 x 1000 = 1200 mm^2 / m (Width)

Bottom Reinforcement In Long Direction

Required Reinforcement Along The Long Direction = 5083.602 mm^2/m (Width)

Provided Reinforcement Along The Long Direction = T32 @ 100 mm = 8040 mm^2/m (Width)

Therefore OK

Bottom Reinforcement In Short Direction

Required Reinforcement Along The Short Direction =2188.46 mm^2/m (Width)

Provided Reinforcement Along The Short Direction = T20 @ 150 mm = 2198 mm^2/m (Width)

41
Therefore OK

Top Reinforcement In Long Direction

Required Reinforcement Along The Long Direction = 2245.283 mm^2/m (Width)

Provided Minimum Reinforcement Along The Long Direction = T25 @ 200 mm =2450 mm^2/m
(Width)

Therefore OK

Top Reinforcement In Short Direction

Required Reinforcement Along The Short Direction = 2174.5 mm^2/m (Width)

Provided Reinforcement Along The Short Direction = T20 @150 mm = 2198 mm^2/m (Width)

Therefore OK

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Check Shear

Shear Reinforcement In Long Direction

Required Reinforcement Along The Long Direction =3956.841 mm^2/ m (width)

Provided Reinforcement Along The Short Direction = 2 x ( T16 @ 100 mm ) = 2 x 201 x 10 =


4020 mm^2/m (width)

Therefore OK

Shear Reinforcement In Short Direction

There Is No Need For Shear Reinforcement In The Short Direction Because The Concrete
Capacity (phi Vc ) Is Adequate

Therefore , OK

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Check Punching

D/C Due To The Concrete Capacity = 0.2831 < 1 , Therefore OK

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Structural Design Calculation

CHECK FOR SHEAR CAPACITY OF THE JOINT

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Structural Design Calculation

A) JOINT BETWEEN FOOTING AND COLUMN

1) CHECK FOR ULTIMATE SHEAR OF COLUMN SECTION (Vc)

a) Parameters
fc' = 40.0 MPa (concrete compressive strength)
b= 800.0 mm ( width of column)
h= 1600.0 mm ( length of column)
d= 1430.0 mm ( length of column)

b) Calculation
Vc = 0.75x1/6 fc' bxd
Vc = 0.75X 1/6 40.0x800.00x1,430.00
Vc = 904411.41 N
Vc = 904.41 kN

3) CHECK FOR ULTIMATE SHEAR OF REINFORCEMENT STEEL SECTION (Vs)

a) Parameters

fy = 460.0 MPa (steel yield strength)


Ast = 12864.00 mm ( total area of steel provided)

b) Calculation

Vs = 0.60 x As x Fy
Vs = 0.60 x12,864.00x460.00
Vs = 3550464.00 N
Vs = 3550.46 kN

4) TOTAL SHEAR CAPACITY OF JOINT ( Vt)

Vt = Vc + Vs
Vt = 904.41+3,550.46
Vt = 4454.88 kN

As per analysis Maximum shear Force action on Column Vu = 98.10 kN


Vt is greater than Vu, therefore the section is OK!

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Structural Design Calculation

B) JOINT BETWEEN COLUMN AND BEAM

1) CHECK FOR ULTIMATE CAPACITY OF SHEAR KEY(Vk)

a) Parameters

Ac = 1280000.0 mm = 1984.0 in (area of concrete section )


fa' = 80.0 MPa = 11603.0 psi (grout compressive strength)
Ack = 180000.0 mm = 279.0 in (area of shear key )
n = 0.48 MPa = 69.6 psi (total axial stress)

b) Calculation

Vuk= 0.2 fc' . Ack + 0.5 n . Ac ( in lb unit)


Vuk= 0.211,603.0x279.00 + 0.5x 69.60x1,984.00
Vuk= 75053.8 lb
Vuk= 334.67 KN

2) CHECK FOR ULTIMATE SHEAR OF COLUMN SECTION (Vc)

a) Parameters
fc' = 40.0 MPa (concrete compressive strength)
b= 800.0 mm ( width of column)
h= 1600.0 mm ( length of column)
d= 1430.0 mm ( length of column)

b) Calculation
Vc = 0.75x1/6 fc' bxd
Vc = 0.75X 1/6 40.0x800.00x1,430.00
Vc = 904411.41 N
Vc = 904.41 kN

3) CHECK FOR ULTIMATE SHEAR OF REINFORCEMENT STEEL SECTION (Vs)

a) Parameters

fy = 460.0 MPa (steel yield strength)


Ast = 14472.00 mm ( total area of steel provided)

b) Calculation

Vs = 0.60 x As x Fy
Vs = 0.60 x14,472.00x460.00
Vs = 3994272.00 N
Vs = 3994.27 kN

4) TOTAL SHEAR CAPACITY OF JOINT ( Vt)

Vt = Vk + Vc + Vs
Vt = 334.67+904.41+3,994.27
Vt = 5233.36 kN

As per analysis Maximum shear Force action on Column Vu = 98.10 kN


Vt is greater than Vu, therefore the section is OK!

47
Structural Design Calculation

LIFTING OF PRECAST BEAM

2-12.7mm strands

2-12.7mm strands
L3
4-12.7mm strands

L3
L2

48
Structural Design Calculation

A) FORCES DURING DEMOULDING

FORCE EQUIVALENT TO WEIGHT OF THE ELEMENT + 1.4 SUCTION FACTOR

LIFTING L2 FORCE = 303.96 kN AND L3 kN =163.14 kN

146.0 kN.m

CRITICAL BENDING MOMENT = 146.00 kN.m (SELFWEIGHT)


DEFLECTION AT FREE END = 1.29mm

49
Structural Design Calculation

B) CHECK FOR STRESSES DURING DEMOULDING

a) Parameters

Ma = 146.00 KN-m (maximum moment during demoulding )


fci' = 20.0 MPa (concrete compressive strength during demoulding)
I = 3.55 x 10 ^6 (Moment on Inertia of section in weak axis)

b) Calculation

(Allowable Cracking Stress)


fr = 0.62 x fc' = 0.62 x 20.00= 2.77 MPa

(Actual stress )

Ms = 1.4 x 146.0 = 204.40 kN.m ( including suction)

fs = Mc/I = 204.40 x10^6 x 400.00/3.55x 10^6 = 2.30 Mpa

As per above calculation allowable cracking stress (fr) is greater than actual stress(fa),
Therefore the section will not crack during demoulding.

C) CHECK FOR CAPACITY OF LIFTING L2

( SEE NEXT PAGE)

50
PROJECT: -
Project no.: - Date: -
Made by: - Page no.:
DESIGN CAPACITY OF LIFTING ANCHORS
DESCRIPTION : Lifting capacity of L2

Note: Lifting Capacity of L1 is covered under this check because L2 is more critical than L1.

t PARAMETERS :
fci' = 20.0 MPa (compressive strength of concrete at demoulding stage)
fpu = 1860.0 MPa (tensile strength of prestressing steel)
c = 24.0 KN/m (specific weight of concrete)
n= 4.0 (strands quantity per lifting point)
f= 1.0 (safety factor for bundling of strand, PCI Sect. 5.3.4.2)

t LOAD ANALYSIS :

Lifting force = 303.96 KN

Reaction Load on each Lifting Device:

T= 303.96 KN

t TENSILE CAPACITY OF STRAND

Steel Strength (Ns)


Ns = n Aps fpu f (Eq. ACI D.5.1.2)
Where: = 0.75 (strength reduction factor, ACI D.4.4)
na = 4 (number of anchors in a group)
ns = 8 (number of strands in a group)
dps = 12.70 mm (outside diameter of anchor)
Aps = 98.7 mm (effective cross sectional area of anchor)
Therefore:
Ns = (0.75 x 8 x 98.7mm x 1860.0Mpa x 1.0) /1000
Ns = 1101.49 KN

Steel factor of safety:

Steel = 1101.49KN /303.96 = 3.62

t CONCRETE BREAKOUT

( SEE NEXT PAGE)

51
PROJECT: -
Project no.: - Date: -
Made by: - Checked by: - Rev: -

DESCRIPTION : CHECK FOR CONCRETE BREAKOUT

PARAMETERS:

fci' = 20.0 MPa (initial compressive strength of concrete during lifting)


fpu = 1860.0 MPa (tensile strength of lifting stud as per supplier) D1 D2
t = 0.65 (strength reduction factor for tension D.4.4 ACI)
hef = 750.00 mm (embedment depth of stud)
t = 800.00 mm (effective element thickness) hef
D1 = 800.00 mm (location of lifting stud from left free end)
D2 = 800.00 mm (location of lifting stud from right free end)
L= 1000.00 mm (deam depth)
shear
kc= 7 (cast-in-place anchor factor D.5.2.2 ACI)
links

Ca1= 500.00 mm (cen. of stud from side face for shear loading)
Precast Element with lifting
arrangement
W= 34.9 Tons (gross weight of element) L
Note:
max. D1 & D2 distance=
D2 ca1 1.5hef

D1
1.5hef
DESIGN CALCULATION:

Nua = 303.96 KN (maximum factored tensile force including suction)

Check for capacity of concrete breakout:


cNcb = (cANc/ANco) . ed,N . c,N . cp,N . Nb (ACI D5.2 Eq. D-4)
ANc = (L)[min(D1 , 1.5hef) + min(D2 , 1.5hef)] = 2250000.0 mm (ACI D5.2 Fig RD.5.2.1)
ed,N = if ca,min1.5hef then ed,N =1.0
if ca,min<1.5hef then ed,N =0.7+(0.3ca,min/1.5hef) (ACI D.5.2.5)
= 0.83
c,N = 1.00 (ACI D.5.2.6)
cp,N = 1.00 (ACI D.5.2.7)
Nb = kcfci' hef^1.5 = 642991.06 N (ACI D.5.2.7)
ANco= 9hef2 = 5062500.0 mm (ACI D5.2 Fig RD.5.2.1)
cNcb = 154.79 KN (concrete strength capacity of single lifting point)
Ncap = 154.79 KN < 303.96 KN
\ shear-in-links will be provided
Provide additional slot-in link reinforcement to strengthen the concrete:
fy = 460.0 MPa (yield strength of reinforcement)
n = 24 ( provided shear links no. of legs)
d= 10 mm ( diameter of shear links)
As= 78.50 mm2 ( area of steel bar)
Vs = 0.65 n.As .fy
Vs = 563.32 KN
Total breakout capacity = Ncap + Vs = 718.11 kN

718.11 KN 303.96 kN OK!

52
PROJECT: -
Project no.: - Date: -
Made by: - Checked by: - Rev: -

DESCRIPTION : CHECK FOR CONCRETE BREAKOUT

PARAMETERS:

fci' = 20.0 MPa (initial compressive strength of concrete during lifting)


fpu = 1860.0 MPa (tensile strength of lifting stud as per supplier) D1 D2
t = 0.65 (strength reduction factor for tension D.4.4 ACI)
hef = 750.00 mm (embedment depth of stud)
t = 800.00 mm (effective element thickness) hef
D1 = 4800.00 mm (location of lifting stud from left free end)
D2 = 4800.00 mm (location of lifting stud from right free end)
L= 1000.00 mm (deam depth)
shear
kc= 7 (cast-in-place anchor factor D.5.2.2 ACI)
links

Ca1= 500.00 mm (cen. of stud from side face for shear loading)
Precast Element with lifting
arrangement
W= 34.9 Tons (gross weight of element) L
Note:
max. D1 & D2 distance=
D2 ca1 1.5hef

D1
1.5hef
DESIGN CALCULATION:

Nua = 303.96 KN (maximum factored tensile force including suction)

Check for capacity of concrete breakout:


cNcb = (cANc/ANco) . ed,N . c,N . cp,N . Nb (ACI D5.2 Eq. D-4)
ANc = (L)[min(D1 , 1.5hef) + min(D2 , 1.5hef)] = 2250000.0 mm (ACI D5.2 Fig RD.5.2.1)
ed,N = if ca,min1.5hef then ed,N =1.0
if ca,min<1.5hef then ed,N =0.7+(0.3ca,min/1.5hef) (ACI D.5.2.5)
= 0.83
c,N = 1.00 (ACI D.5.2.6)
cp,N = 1.00 (ACI D.5.2.7)
Nb = kcfci' hef^1.5 = 642991.06 N (ACI D.5.2.7)
ANco= 9hef2 = 5062500.0 mm (ACI D5.2 Fig RD.5.2.1)
cNcb = 154.79 KN (concrete strength capacity of single lifting point)
Ncap = 154.79 KN < 303.96 KN
\ shear-in-links will be provided
Provide additional slot-in link reinforcement to strengthen the concrete:
fy = 460.0 MPa (yield strength of reinforcement)
n = 24 ( provided shear links no. of legs)
d= 10 mm ( diameter of shear links)
As= 78.50 mm2 ( area of steel bar)
Vs = 0.65 n.As .fy
Vs = 563.32 KN
Total breakout capacity = Ncap + Vs = 718.11 kN

718.11 KN 303.96 kN OK!

53
PROJECT: -
Project no.: - Date: -
Made by: - Page no.:
DESIGN CAPACITY OF LIFTING ANCHORS
DESCRIPTION : Lifting capacity of L3

t PARAMETERS :
fci' = 20.0 MPa (compressive strength of concrete at demoulding stage)
fpu = 1860.0 MPa (tensile strength of prestressing steel)
c = 24.0 KN/m (specific weight of concrete)
n= 2.0 (strands quantity per lifting point)
f= 1.0 (safety factor for bundling of strand, PCI Sect. 5.3.4.2)

t LOAD ANALYSIS :

Lifting force = 163.14 KN

Reaction Load on each Lifting Device:

T= 163.14 KN

t TENSILE CAPACITY OF STRAND

Steel Strength (Ns)


Ns = n Aps fpu f (Eq. ACI D.5.1.2)
Where: = 0.75 (strength reduction factor, ACI D.4.4)
na = 2 (number of anchors in a group)
ns = 4 (number of strands in a group)
dps = 12.70 mm (outside diameter of anchor)
Aps = 98.7 mm (effective cross sectional area of anchor)
Therefore:
Ns = (0.75 x 4 x 98.7mm x 1860.0Mpa x 1.0) /1000
Ns = 550.75 KN

Steel factor of safety:

Steel = 550.75KN /163.14 = 3.38

t CONCRETE BREAKOUT

( SEE NEXT PAGE)

54
PROJECT: -
Project no.: - Date: -
Made by: - Checked by: - Rev: -

DESCRIPTION : CHECK FOR CONCRETE BREAKOUT

PARAMETERS:

fci' = 20.0 MPa (initial compressive strength of concrete during lifting)


fpu = 1860.0 MPa (tensile strength of lifting stud as per supplier) D1 D2
t = 0.65 (strength reduction factor for tension D.4.4 ACI)
hef = 750.00 mm (embedment depth of stud)
t = 800.00 mm (effective element thickness) hef
D1 = 850.00 mm (location of lifting stud from left free end)
D2 = 3500.00 mm (location of lifting stud from right free end)
L= 800.00 mm (column depth)
shear
kc= 7 (cast-in-place anchor factor D.5.2.2 ACI)
links

Ca1= 400.00 mm (cen. of stud from side face for shear loading)
Precast Element with lifting
arrangement
W= 34.9 Tons (gross weight of element) L
Note:
max. D1 & D2 distance=
D2 ca1 1.5hef

D1
1.5hef
DESIGN CALCULATION:
A) TENSILE FORCE CHECK ACI 318-D.5
Nua = 163.14 KN (maximum factored tensile force including suction)

Check for capacity of concrete breakout:


cNcb = (cANc/ANco) . ed,N . c,N . cp,N . Nb (ACI D5.2 Eq. D-4)
ANc = (L)[min(D1 , 1.5hef) + min(D2 , 1.5hef)] = 1580000.0 mm (ACI D5.2 Fig RD.5.2.1)
ed,N = if ca,min1.5hef then ed,N =1.0
if ca,min<1.5hef then ed,N =0.7+(0.3ca,min/1.5hef) (ACI D.5.2.5)
= 0.81
c,N = 1.00 (ACI D.5.2.6)
cp,N = 1.00 (ACI D.5.2.7)
Nb = kcfci' hef^1.5 = 642991.06 N (ACI D.5.2.7)
ANco= 9hef2 = 5062500.0 mm (ACI D5.2 Fig RD.5.2.1)
cNcb = 105.22 KN (concrete strength capacity of single lifting point)
Ncap = 105.22 KN < 163.14 KN
\ shear-in-links will be provided
Provide additional slot-in link reinforcement to strengthen the concrete:
fy = 460.0 MPa (yield strength of reinforcement)
n = 10 ( provided shear links no. of legs)
d= 10 mm ( diameter of shear links)
As= 78.50 mm2 ( area of steel bar)
Vs = 0.65 n.As .fy
Vs = 234.72 KN
Total breakout capacity = Ncap + Vs = 339.94 kN

339.94 KN 163.14 kN OK!

55
Structural Design Calculation

Beam Analysis & Design During


Construction Stage

3D - VIEW

2D - VIEW

56
Structural Design Calculation

Applied Loads
Live Load = 4.3 KN/m

S.D.L = 10.3 KN/m

57
Structural Design Calculation

Analysis Using Ultimate Load Combinations

UDCON1 : 1.4 D.L

B.M.D

S.F.D

58
Structural Design Calculation

UDCON1 : Max +ve Moment (KN.m) = 93

UDCON1 : Max -ve Moment (KN.m) = 132

UDCON1 : Max Shear Force ( KN) = 112

UDCON2 : 1.2 D.L + 1.6 L.L

B.M.D

59
Structural Design Calculation

S.F.D

UDCON2 : Max +ve Moment (KN.m) = 96

UDCON2 : Max -ve Moment (KN.m) = 134

UDCON2 : Max Shear Force ( KN) = 117

Desgin Using Ultimate Load Combinations

Max Of ( Max Of UDCON1 , Max Of UDCON2) +ve Moments


(KN.m) = 96

Max Of ( Max Of UDCON1 , Max Of UDCON2) -ve Moments


(KN.m) = 134

Max Of ( Max Of UDCON1 , Max Of UDCON2) Shear Force (KN)


= 117

60
Structural Design Calculation

Beam Section

Imported Loads Used In The Design

61
Structural Design Calculation

Stresses Due To Combinations (1&2)

Combination1

Combination2

62
Structural Design Calculation

P-M Capacity Ratios

Shear Check
1 ) Phi Vc = 0.75 x (1/6) x (fc')^0.5 x bw x d

2 ) AVmin = max of following two formulas

1st = 0.062 x (fc')^0.5 x bw x (s/fyt)


3 ) 2nd = 0.35 x b x (s/fyt)

Phi Vc = 0.75 x (1/6) x(40)^0. 5x 787.5 x (2x150) x (1/1000)


4 ) = 186.772 KN

[ 0.5 x Phi Vc < Vu < Phi Vc ] , ThereFore , AVmin Is


5) Required

6 ) AVmin = 0.062 x (40)^0.5 x 300 x (200/460) = 51.46 mm2

7 ) AV Provided = 4 T10 = 314mm2

8) AV Provided > AVmin , ThereFore Ok


63
Structural Design Calculation

APPENDIX 'A'
Groutec Coupler Data Sheet

64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
88
Structural Design Calculation

APPENDIX 'B'
Corrugated Pipe Connection

89
6.4 Connection Hardware and Load convenient for certain connections, such as column
Transfer Devices to footing, column to column, and shear wall
connections. Note that alternate systems are also
A wide variety of hardware including reinforcing available including a system which uses a plastic
bars, headed studs, coil inserts, structural steel sleeve.
shapes, bolts, threaded rods, and other materials The following limitations are recommended:
are used in connections. These devices provide load
transfer to concrete via anchorage in the concrete by 1. The minimum concrete side cover over the
bond, bearing or by a shear cone resistance conduit should be 3 in.
mechanism. It is preferable to have a steel material 2. The conduit should have a minimum thickness
failure, typically defined by yielding, to govern the of 0.023 in. (24 gage) and there should be a
connection strength because such failures are more minimum annular space of Q/S in. around the bar.
predictable and ductile. In seismic regions, this 3. The grout strength should not be less than the
ductile behavior may be a code requirement. Load specified concrete strength or 5000 psi.
transfer should be as direct as possible to reduce 4. The specified grout should be non-shrink.
the complexity and increase the efficiency of the 5. For tension, the minimum embedment length
connection. for any diameter bar is 12 in.
6. Reinforcing bar ductility requirements should be
met for seismic applications.
6.4.1 Headed Concrete Anchors or Studs 7. Confinement steel is required in most
applications.
A headed concrete anchor (stud) is a smooth 8. Care should be taken to prevent water from
shaft with an integral head. These devices are entering the conduit before grouting, especially
typically welded to a plate or another structural steel during freezing weather.
shape. The studs may be hand welded, but are
more often attached using a stud gun. The design Figure 6.4.3.1 Anchorage in grouted conduit [25]
of these devices can be found in Section 6.5.

6.4.2 Steel Shapes

Steel shapes can be used for various load


transfer configurations; i.e., wide flange sections,
structural tubes, channels, and angles. They can
act independently or with other load transfer
devices. The design of these devices can be found
in Section 6.6.

6.4.3 Reinforcing Bars

Reinforcing bars are usually anchored by


bonding to the concrete. When insufficient length is
available to anchor the bars by bond alone,
supplemental mechanical anchorage is required.
This can be accomplished by hooks, bolts, washers,
threaded ends with heads, or welded cross-bars. Bar embedment
Load transfer between bars may be achieved Bar Size length, A e in.*
by welds, lap splices or mechanical couplers.
3 12
Required development lengths and standard hook
dimensions are given in Chapter 11. 4 12
Reinforcing bars have been shown to develop 5 12
yield strength when they are anchored by 6 15
embedment in flexible metallic interlocking conduit 7 21
using grout as shown in Figure 6.4.3.1. [25] The 8 27
conduit must have sufficient concrete around it for
adequate confinement. This scheme can be used to * For grout strengths higher than 5000 psi, multiply table
transfer tension, compression or shear forces and is values by 5000 / fc .

68 90
PCI Design Handbook/Sixth Edition
First Printing/CD-ROM Edition
Structural Design Calculation

APPENDIX 'C'
Shop Drawings

91
92
93
94
95
Structural Design Calculation

APPENDIX 'D'
Approved Basic Drawings

96
97
98
99
100
101

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