Forces

Forces FreeBodyDiagrams
Pushorpullonanobject Showsallforcesasvectorsactingonanobject
Causesacceleration
Kgm Vectorsalwayspointawayfromobject
MeasuredinNewtonsN=
s2
Usedtohelpfindnetforce

ContactForces FieldForces
FN
AppliedForce GravitationalForce
FrictionalForce ElectricalForce
TensionalForce MagneticForce Ff Fpull
NormalForce
DragForce Fg
SpringForce
1 2

Findtheunknownforces!! NewtonsFirstLaw
Ex.1 Ex.2
100N FA LawofInertia Resistancetochangemotion

Objectsinmotionstayinmotion

75N 50N Objectsatreststayatrest

Fnet =? Fnet =10NDownward

Equilibrium balancedforces,netforce=0

Fnet =100N 75N Fnet =FA 50N=10N Netforce sumofallforces

Fnet =25NUpward FA =40N

3 4

NewtonsSecondLaw DragForce
Anetforcewillcauseacceleration frictionforcefromafluid(gasesandliquids)

mass TerminalVelocity constantvelocityoffalling

F=ma whenFdrag =Fg

force acceleration

Gravityforce F=mg
Massandweightarenotthesame!!!

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Forces

NewtonsThirdLaw
SolvingTips
Eachactionhasanoppositeandequalreaction

FAonB = FBonA 1.Drawtheproblemandchoosecoordinates

InteractionPair action/reactionforces 2.Determineknownandunknownforces.

3.Createafreebodydiagramshowingthenetforce.

4.UseNewtonslawstolinkaccelerationandnetforce.

5.Solveequationsfortheunknowns

7 8

CombiningForces
NormalForce

+X

FN =mg FN =mg+Fhand FN =mg Fstring

9 10

FrictionFactor FrictionForce
Alwaysagainstmotion KineticFriction
Twobranchesoffriction(3Types)
Kinetic(Moving) Ff =k Fn
Sliding
=frictionfactor Fn =NormalForce
Rolling
Static(Stationary)
Frictionoffluidsiscalledviscosity StaticFriction

Ff,static s Fn
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Forces

StaticFriction
Fn Fn
Theforceofstaticfrictionisnotconstant!
Ff,k
Staticfrictionisequaltopullingforceuntilthe Ff,s

KineticFFriction
StaticFFriction
objectbeginstomove
Ff
q sFn
Themaximumstaticfrictionisequalto Ff,s,max Ff =sFn,

Ff,static,maxFapplied stays still Ff =kFn,

Ff,static,max=Fapplied constant speed, a=0

Ff,static,maxFapplied accelerates FApplied

13 14

ThrustfromFriction StaticFrictionandMotion
Whatisthemaximumaccelerationacarcanachieveif
thetires/roadfrictioncoefficientisequalto0.7?
(ignoredrag) Fn
FDrag Fthrust
Fnet,x=Fthrust Fdrag =ma Fg

Themaximumthrustcannotexceedroadfriction
h h d df
Fthrust =Ff,s,max=sFn=smg
FromFnet,x ma=smg

a=smg=(0.7)(9.8m/s2)=6.9m/s2
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Static Equilibrium Static Equilibrium

The most important rule: ALWAYS FOLLOW THESE STEPS:

F = 0 1. Draw a labeled free body diagram

2. g
Break angled forces into components
p
This means that: 3. Write net equations ( Fnet,x = )

Fx = 0 Fy = 0
Only use the components of angled forces!!
and
Fnet,x = 0 and Fnet,y = 0
4. Solve for unknowns one at a time
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Forces

VectorDirection(2CommonWays)
WorkingwithForcesatanAngle
Labeleddegreesnorthorsouthofxaxis
Whenaforceisatanangle:
Degreesfromeastdirection(0). breakintoxandycomponents
Donotusetheoriginalforceagain!!
80 NofEast 45 SofEast 30 NofWest Addxandycomponentsseparately
O 80
Or80 O 315
Or315 O 150
Or150 Find the new resultant force and its angle
Findthenewresultantforceanditsangle
O
F=Fx2+Fy2 =Tan1
A
80 30 Usingtheanglefromthexaxis:
45 XComponent yComponent
Fx =Fcos Fy =Fsin
19 20

SOH CAH TOA

Right Triangle Help O A O
Sin = Cos = Tan =
Youwilltypicallywanttowork 90 H H A
withtheanglefromthexaxis.
O A O
=Sin1 =Cos1 =Tan1
H H A
O=HSin
Opposiite

Opposite Adjacent Hypotenuse

O O
=Tan1 O=HSin A=HCos H=
A Sin
O A
O=ATan A= H=
=angle A=HCos 90 Tan Cos
Adjacent O=H2 A2 A=H2 O2 H=A2+O2
21 22

ForcesatanAngle Breakingintocomponents ForcesonaRamp Breakingintocomponents

FPy FindFg Components

m FP
Fgx =Fg Cos(90)
FN Fgy =Fg Sin(90)

FPx OrjustuseSOHCAHTOA
FindFFP Components
Find Fgx =Fg Sin
FPx =FP Cos
Fgy =Fg Cos
FPy =FP Sin Fg =mg
Fg =mg
Usecomponents Usecomponents
fornetequations FN shouldnotequalFg !! fornetequations
FN shouldnotequalFg !!
Fnetx =FPx FN =Fg Fpy ifay =0 Fnetx =Fgx
Manycases,FN willequalFgy
Fnety =FN +FPy Fg 23 Fnety =FN Fgy 24

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Forces

Free Body Diagrams

Tension Force Spring Force Drag Force