Tng hp & trnh by

CNG C TUYT VI CA BN
TRN THANH PHONG

Ti liu cn thit cho ngi s dng bng tnh

CNG THC V HM
MICROSOFT EXCEL 97-2013
Tham kho ton din t c bn n nng cao
Nhiu v d & bi tp thc hnh

TP. HCM, 02/07/2014

Cc Nh Ti Tr Gii Php Excel

Ban qun tr Gii Php Excel

xin cm n cc nh ti tr cho din n
trong vic pht hnh quyn sch ny n ng o bn c.

NH TI TR VNG

CNG TY C PHN NGHIN CU V H TR DOANH

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Cc Nh Ti Tr Gii Php Excel

NH TI TR BC

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Trang thng tin v din n chuyn ngnh k ton.

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Cng thc v hm Excel 97-2013 Gii Php Excel

Sch ny c Gii Php Excel gi bn quyn, chng ti

tng thnh vin v khuyn khch vic truyn t gii thiu
n ngi s dng qua cc hnh thc sao chp nguyn
bn. Chng ti nghim cm tt c cc hnh vi s dng vic
pht tn sch trc li, hoc chnh sa ni dung sch.

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Cng thc v hm Excel 97-2013 Gii Php Excel | i

MC LC

MC LC .......................................................................................................................................... i
LI GII THIU .............................................................................................................................. xx
PHN I. KIN THC C BN V CNG THC V HM ........................................................ 1
I.1. GII THIU CNG THC V HM.......................................................................................... 1
I.1.1. Cng thc ....................................................................................................................... 1
I.1.2. Hm ................................................................................................................................ 3
I.2. NHP CNG THC V HM .................................................................................................. 3
I.3. THAM CHIU TRONG CNG THC ......................................................................................... 6
I.3.1. Tng quan v tham chiu ............................................................................................... 6
I.3.2. Cc loi tham chiu trong Excel .................................................................................... 7
I.4. TNH TON TRONG BNG .................................................................................................... 22
I.5. CC LI THNG DNG V CCH X L LI ...................................................................... 23
I.5.1. Cc li thng dng ....................................................................................................... 23
I.5.2. Ty chn tnh ton ....................................................................................................... 24
I.5.3. Kim tra cng thc bng Formulas Auditing .............................................................. 25
PHN II. HM TRONG EXCEL 97-2013 ..................................................................................... 28
II.1. HM X L VN BN V CHUI (TEXT FUNCTIONS) ....................................................... 28
ASC ................................................................................................................................... 28
BAHTTEXT ...................................................................................................................... 28
CHAR ................................................................................................................................ 29
CLEAN.............................................................................................................................. 30
CODE ................................................................................................................................ 30
CONCATENATE ............................................................................................................. 31
DBCS (Excel 2013) ........................................................................................................... 32
DOLLAR ........................................................................................................................... 32
EXACT.............................................................................................................................. 33
FIND.................................................................................................................................. 34

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FINDB ............................................................................................................................... 36
FIXED ............................................................................................................................... 36
JIS (Excel 2013-) ............................................................................................................... 37
LEFT ................................................................................................................................. 37
LEFTB ............................................................................................................................... 38
LEN ................................................................................................................................... 41
LENB ................................................................................................................................ 42
LOWER ............................................................................................................................. 42
MID ................................................................................................................................... 43
MIDB ................................................................................................................................ 43
NUMBERVALUE (Excel 2013) ...................................................................................... 44
PHONETIC ....................................................................................................................... 44
PROPER ............................................................................................................................ 45
REPLACE ......................................................................................................................... 45
REPLACEB ...................................................................................................................... 46
REPT ................................................................................................................................. 46
RIGHT ............................................................................................................................... 48
RIGHTB ............................................................................................................................ 49
SEARCH ........................................................................................................................... 49
SEARCHB ........................................................................................................................ 50
SUBSTITUTE ................................................................................................................... 50
T ........................................................................................................................................ 52
TEXT ................................................................................................................................. 52
TRIM ................................................................................................................................. 54
UNICHAR (Excel 2013) ................................................................................................... 55
UNICODE (Excel 2013) ................................................................................................... 55
UPPER .............................................................................................................................. 56
VALUE ............................................................................................................................. 56
II.2. HM LUN L (LOGICAL FUNCTIONS) ............................................................................... 58
AND .................................................................................................................................. 58
FALSE ............................................................................................................................... 60
IF ....................................................................................................................................... 60
IFERROR .......................................................................................................................... 65
IFNA (Excel 2013) ............................................................................................................ 66
NOT ................................................................................................................................... 67

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OR ..................................................................................................................................... 67
TRUE ................................................................................................................................ 68
XOR (Excel 2013) ............................................................................................................. 68
II.3. HM NGY THNG & THI GIAN (DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS)...................................... 69
DATE ................................................................................................................................ 69
DATEDIF .......................................................................................................................... 70
DATEVALUE ................................................................................................................... 71
DAY .................................................................................................................................. 71
DAYS (Excel 2013) .......................................................................................................... 71
DAYS360 .......................................................................................................................... 72
EDATE .............................................................................................................................. 73
EOMONTH ....................................................................................................................... 73
HOUR................................................................................................................................ 74
ISOWEEKNUM (Excel 2013) .......................................................................................... 74
MONTH ............................................................................................................................ 75
MINUTE ........................................................................................................................... 75
NETWORKDAYS ............................................................................................................ 75
NETWORKDAYS.INTL (Excel 2010) ............................................................................ 76
NOW ................................................................................................................................. 78
SECOND ........................................................................................................................... 79
TIME ................................................................................................................................. 79
TIMEVALUE.................................................................................................................... 80
TODAY ............................................................................................................................. 80
YEAR ................................................................................................................................ 80
YEARFRAC...................................................................................................................... 81
WEEKDAY ....................................................................................................................... 81
WEEKNUM ...................................................................................................................... 85
WORKDAY ...................................................................................................................... 86
WORKDAY.INTL (Excel 2010) ...................................................................................... 86
II.4. HM D TM V THAM CHIU (LOOKUP FUNCTIONS) ....................................................... 93
ADDRESS ......................................................................................................................... 93
AREAS .............................................................................................................................. 93
CHOOSE ........................................................................................................................... 94
COLUMN.......................................................................................................................... 94
COLUMNS ....................................................................................................................... 95

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FORMULATEXT (Excel 2013) ....................................................................................... 95

HLOOKUP ........................................................................................................................ 96
HYPERLINK .................................................................................................................... 97
INDEX .............................................................................................................................. 98
INDIRECT ...................................................................................................................... 106
LOOKUP ......................................................................................................................... 107
MATCH .......................................................................................................................... 109
OFFSET .......................................................................................................................... 109
ROW................................................................................................................................ 111
ROWS ............................................................................................................................. 111
TRANSPOSE .................................................................................................................. 111
VLOOKUP ...................................................................................................................... 112
II.5. HM TON & LNG GIC (MATH AND TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTIONS) .......................... 114
ABS ................................................................................................................................. 114
ACOS .............................................................................................................................. 114
ACOSH ........................................................................................................................... 114
ACOT (Excel 2013) ........................................................................................................ 115
ACOTH (Excel 2013) ..................................................................................................... 116
AGGREGATE (Excel 2010) ........................................................................................... 116
ARABIC (Excel 2013) .................................................................................................... 119
ASIN................................................................................................................................ 120
ASINH ............................................................................................................................. 120
ATAN .............................................................................................................................. 121
ATAN2 ............................................................................................................................ 121
ATANH ........................................................................................................................... 122
BASE (Excel 2013) ......................................................................................................... 123
CEILING ......................................................................................................................... 123
CEILING.MATH (Excel 2013) ...................................................................................... 124
CEILING.PRECISE (Excel 2010) .................................................................................. 125
COMBIN ......................................................................................................................... 126
COMBINA ...................................................................................................................... 127
COS ................................................................................................................................. 128
COSH .............................................................................................................................. 128
COT ................................................................................................................................. 129
COTH .............................................................................................................................. 129

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CSC ................................................................................................................................. 130

CSCH .............................................................................................................................. 130
DECIMAL (Excel 2013) ................................................................................................. 131
DEGREES ....................................................................................................................... 132
EVEN .............................................................................................................................. 132
EXP ................................................................................................................................. 133
FACT ............................................................................................................................... 133
FACTDOUBLE .............................................................................................................. 134
FLOOR ............................................................................................................................ 134
FLOOR.MATH (Excel 2013) ......................................................................................... 134
FLOOR.PRECISE (Excel 2010) ..................................................................................... 135
GCD ................................................................................................................................ 136
INT .................................................................................................................................. 136
ISO.CEILING (Excel 2010) ............................................................................................ 138
LCM ................................................................................................................................ 139
LN.................................................................................................................................... 139
LOG ................................................................................................................................. 140
LOG10 ............................................................................................................................. 140
MDETERM ..................................................................................................................... 141
MINVERSE .................................................................................................................... 142
MOD................................................................................................................................ 143
MMULT .......................................................................................................................... 147
MROUND ....................................................................................................................... 148
MULTINOMIAL ............................................................................................................ 149
MUNIT (Excel 2013) ...................................................................................................... 149
ODD ................................................................................................................................ 150
PI ..................................................................................................................................... 150
POWER ........................................................................................................................... 151
PRODUCT ...................................................................................................................... 151
QUOTIENT ..................................................................................................................... 151
RADIANS ....................................................................................................................... 152
RAND.............................................................................................................................. 152
RANDBETWEEN .......................................................................................................... 153
ROMAN .......................................................................................................................... 153
ROUND ........................................................................................................................... 154

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ROUNDDOWN .............................................................................................................. 155

ROUNDUP...................................................................................................................... 156
SEC (Excel 2013) ............................................................................................................ 156
SECH (Excel 2013) ......................................................................................................... 156
SERIESSUM ................................................................................................................... 157
SIGN................................................................................................................................ 158
SIN .................................................................................................................................. 158
SINH................................................................................................................................ 158
SQRT ............................................................................................................................... 159
SQRTPI ........................................................................................................................... 159
SUBTOTAL .................................................................................................................... 160
SUM ................................................................................................................................ 161
SUMIF ............................................................................................................................. 161
SUMIFS (Excel 2007+) .................................................................................................. 162
SUMPRODUCT.............................................................................................................. 164
SUMSQ ........................................................................................................................... 164
SUMX2MY2 ................................................................................................................... 165
SUMXPY2 ...................................................................................................................... 166
SUMXMY2 ..................................................................................................................... 166
TAN ................................................................................................................................. 166
TANH .............................................................................................................................. 166
TRUNC ........................................................................................................................... 167
II.6. HM THNG K (STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS) .................................................................... 168
AVERAGE ...................................................................................................................... 168
AVERAGEA ................................................................................................................... 168
AVEDEV ........................................................................................................................ 169
AVERAGEIF .................................................................................................................. 169
AVERAGEIFS ................................................................................................................ 171
BETADIST...................................................................................................................... 172
BETA.DIST (Excel 2010) ............................................................................................... 173
BETAINV ....................................................................................................................... 173
BETA.INV (Excel 2010)................................................................................................. 174
BINOMDIST ................................................................................................................... 174
BINOM.DIST (Excel 2010) ............................................................................................ 175
BINOM.DIST.RANGE (Excel 2013) ............................................................................. 175

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BINOM.INV (Excel 2010) .............................................................................................. 176

CHIDIST ......................................................................................................................... 177
CHIINV ........................................................................................................................... 178
CHISQ.DIST (Excel 2010) ............................................................................................. 178
CHISQ.DIST.RT (Excel 2010) ....................................................................................... 179
CHISQ.INV (Excel 2010) ............................................................................................... 180
CHISQ.INV.RT (Excel 2010) ......................................................................................... 181
CHITEST ........................................................................................................................ 181
CHISQ.TEST (Excel 2010)............................................................................................. 183
CONFIDENCE................................................................................................................ 183
CONFIDENCE.NORM (Excel 2010) ............................................................................. 184
CONFIDENCE.T (Excel 2010) ...................................................................................... 185
CORREL ......................................................................................................................... 185
COUNT ........................................................................................................................... 186
COUNTA ........................................................................................................................ 187
COUNTBLANK ............................................................................................................. 187
COUNTIF........................................................................................................................ 188
COUNTIFS ..................................................................................................................... 190
COVAR ........................................................................................................................... 191
COVARIANCE.P (Excel 2010) ...................................................................................... 192
COVARIANCE.S (Excel 2010) ...................................................................................... 192
CRITBINOM .................................................................................................................. 194
DEVSQ............................................................................................................................ 195
EXPONDIST ................................................................................................................... 195
EXPON.DIST (Excel 2010) ............................................................................................ 196
F.DIST (Excel 2010) ....................................................................................................... 196
F.DIST.RT (Excel 2010) ................................................................................................. 197
FDIST .............................................................................................................................. 198
F.INV (Excel 2010) ......................................................................................................... 199
F.INV.RT (Excel 2010) ................................................................................................... 200
FINV................................................................................................................................ 200
FISHER ........................................................................................................................... 200
FISHERINV .................................................................................................................... 201
FORECAST .................................................................................................................... 201
FREQUENCY ................................................................................................................. 202

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F.TEST (Excel 2010) ...................................................................................................... 204

FTEST ............................................................................................................................. 204
GAMMA (Excel 2013) ................................................................................................... 205
GAMMA.DIST (Excel 2010) ......................................................................................... 205
GAMMA.INV (Excel 2010) ........................................................................................... 205
GAMMADIST ................................................................................................................ 206
GAMMAINV .................................................................................................................. 207
GAMMALN.PRECISE (Excel 2010) ............................................................................. 207
GAMMALN .................................................................................................................... 207
GEOMEAN ..................................................................................................................... 208
GROWTH ....................................................................................................................... 209
GAUSS (Excel 2013) ...................................................................................................... 210
HARMEAN ..................................................................................................................... 211
HYPGEOM.DIST (Excel 2010) ..................................................................................... 211
HYPGEOMDIST ............................................................................................................ 213
INTERCEPT ................................................................................................................... 214
KURT .............................................................................................................................. 215
LARGE............................................................................................................................ 215
LINEST ........................................................................................................................... 216
LOGEST.......................................................................................................................... 221
LOGINV.......................................................................................................................... 225
LOGNORM.DIST (Excel 2010) ..................................................................................... 226
LOGNORM.INV (Excel 2010) ....................................................................................... 227
LOGNORMDIST ............................................................................................................ 227
MAX................................................................................................................................ 227
MAXA ............................................................................................................................. 228
MEDIAN ......................................................................................................................... 228
MIN ................................................................................................................................. 229
MINA .............................................................................................................................. 230
MODE ............................................................................................................................. 230
MODE.MULT (Excel 2010) ........................................................................................... 231
MODE.SNGL (Excel 2010) ............................................................................................ 232
NEGBINOM.DIST (Excel 2010) .................................................................................... 232
NEGBINOMDIST .......................................................................................................... 234
NORM.DIST (Excel 2010) ............................................................................................. 234

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NORMDIST .................................................................................................................... 235

NORM.INV (Excel 2010) ............................................................................................... 236
NORMINV ...................................................................................................................... 236
NORM.S.DIST (Excel 2010) .......................................................................................... 236
NORMSDIST .................................................................................................................. 237
NORM.S.INV (Excel 2010) ............................................................................................ 238
NORMSINV.................................................................................................................... 238
PEARSON....................................................................................................................... 238
PERCENTILE ................................................................................................................. 239
PERCENTILE.EXC (Excel 2010) .................................................................................. 240
PERCENTILE.INC (Excel 2010) ................................................................................... 241
PERCENTRANK ............................................................................................................ 242
PERCENTRANK.EXC (Excel 2010) ............................................................................. 243
PERCENTRANK.INC (Excel 2010) .............................................................................. 244
PERMUT ......................................................................................................................... 245
PERMUTATIONA (Excel 2013).................................................................................... 245
PHI (Excel 2013) ............................................................................................................. 246
POISSON ........................................................................................................................ 247
POISSON.DIST (Excel 2010)......................................................................................... 247
PROB .............................................................................................................................. 248
QUARTILE ..................................................................................................................... 248
QUARTILE.EXC (Excel 2010) ...................................................................................... 250
QUARTILE.INC (Excel 2010) ....................................................................................... 250
RANK.............................................................................................................................. 252
RANK.AVG (Excel 2010) .............................................................................................. 255
RANK.EQ (Excel 2010) ................................................................................................. 256
RSQ ................................................................................................................................. 256
SKEW.............................................................................................................................. 257
SKEW.P (Excel 2013)..................................................................................................... 257
SLOPE ............................................................................................................................. 258
SMALL ........................................................................................................................... 260
STANDARDIZE ............................................................................................................. 261
STDEV ............................................................................................................................ 262
STDEV.S (Excel 2010) ................................................................................................... 263
STDEVA ......................................................................................................................... 263

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STDEVP .......................................................................................................................... 263

STDEVP.S (Excel 2010) ................................................................................................. 264
STDEVPA ....................................................................................................................... 264
STEYX ............................................................................................................................ 269
T.DIST (Excel 2010) ....................................................................................................... 270
T.DIST.2T (Excel 2010) ................................................................................................. 271
T.DIST.RT (Excel 2010) ................................................................................................. 271
TDIST.............................................................................................................................. 272
T.INV (Excel 2010)......................................................................................................... 273
T.INV.2T (Excel 2010) ................................................................................................... 274
T.TEST (Excel 2010) ...................................................................................................... 274
TINV ............................................................................................................................... 275
TREND............................................................................................................................ 275
TRIMMEAN ................................................................................................................... 278
TTEST ............................................................................................................................. 279
VAR ................................................................................................................................ 280
VARA.............................................................................................................................. 281
VARP .............................................................................................................................. 282
VARPA ........................................................................................................................... 283
WEIBULL ....................................................................................................................... 288
WEIBULL.DIST (Excel 2010) ....................................................................................... 289
Z.TEST (Excel 2010) ...................................................................................................... 289
ZTEST ............................................................................................................................. 289
II.7. HM K THUT (EGINEERING FUNCTIONS) ..................................................................... 291
BESSELJ ......................................................................................................................... 291
BESSELI ......................................................................................................................... 292
BESSELK........................................................................................................................ 292
BESSELY........................................................................................................................ 292
BIN2DEC ........................................................................................................................ 292
BIN2HEX ........................................................................................................................ 293
BIN2OCT ........................................................................................................................ 293
BITAND (Excel 2013) .................................................................................................... 294
BITLSHIFT (Excel 2013) ............................................................................................... 295
BITOR (Excel 2013) ....................................................................................................... 296
BITRSHIFT (Excel 2013) ............................................................................................... 297

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BITXOR (Excel 2013) .................................................................................................... 298

COMPLEX ...................................................................................................................... 299
CONVERT ...................................................................................................................... 300
DEC2BIN ........................................................................................................................ 302
DEC2HEX ....................................................................................................................... 303
DEC2OCT ....................................................................................................................... 303
DELTA ............................................................................................................................ 304
ERF.................................................................................................................................. 304
ERF.PRECISE (Excel 2010) ........................................................................................... 305
ERFC ............................................................................................................................... 305
ERFC.PRECISE (Excel 2010) ........................................................................................ 306
GESTEP .......................................................................................................................... 306
HEX2BIN ........................................................................................................................ 306
HEX2DEC ....................................................................................................................... 307
HEX2OCT ....................................................................................................................... 308
IMREAL.......................................................................................................................... 308
IMAGINARY.................................................................................................................. 309
IMABS ............................................................................................................................ 309
IMARGUMENT ............................................................................................................. 309
IMCONJUGATE ............................................................................................................ 310
IMCOS ............................................................................................................................ 310
IMCOSH (Excel 2013).................................................................................................... 310
IMCOT (Excel 2013) ...................................................................................................... 311
IMCSC (Excel 2013) ....................................................................................................... 312
IMCSCH (Excel 2013) .................................................................................................... 312
IMDIV ............................................................................................................................. 313
IMEXP ............................................................................................................................ 313
IMLN ............................................................................................................................... 314
IMLOG10 ........................................................................................................................ 314
IMLOG2 .......................................................................................................................... 314
IMPOWER ...................................................................................................................... 315
IMPRODUCT ................................................................................................................. 315
IMSEC (Excel 2013) ....................................................................................................... 315
IMSECH (Excel 2013) .................................................................................................... 316
IMSIN.............................................................................................................................. 317

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IMSINH (Excel 2013) ..................................................................................................... 317

IMSQRT .......................................................................................................................... 318
IMSUB ............................................................................................................................ 318
IMSUM ........................................................................................................................... 318
IMTAN (Excel 2013) ...................................................................................................... 319
OCT2BIN ........................................................................................................................ 319
OCT2DEC ....................................................................................................................... 320
OCT2HEX ....................................................................................................................... 320
II.8. HM TRA CU THNG TIN (INFORMATION FUNCTIONS) .................................................. 322
CELL ............................................................................................................................... 322
ERROR.TYPE................................................................................................................. 326
INFO................................................................................................................................ 327
ISBLANK........................................................................................................................ 328
ISERR.............................................................................................................................. 330
ISERROR ........................................................................................................................ 330
ISEVEN ........................................................................................................................... 330
ISFORMULA (Excel 2013) ............................................................................................ 330
ISLOGICAL .................................................................................................................... 331
ISNA................................................................................................................................ 331
ISNONTEXT .................................................................................................................. 331
ISNUMBER .................................................................................................................... 331
ISODD ............................................................................................................................. 331
ISREF .............................................................................................................................. 331
ISTEXT ........................................................................................................................... 332
N ...................................................................................................................................... 332
NA ................................................................................................................................... 332
SHEET (Excel 2013) ....................................................................................................... 333
SHEETS (Excel 2013) .................................................................................................... 333
TYPE ............................................................................................................................... 334
II.9. HM TI CHNH (FINANCIAL FUNCTIONS) ....................................................................... 335
ACCRINT ....................................................................................................................... 335
ACCRINTM .................................................................................................................... 336
AMORDEGRC ............................................................................................................... 337
AMORLINC.................................................................................................................... 338
COUPDAYBS ................................................................................................................. 339

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COUPDAYS ................................................................................................................... 340

COUPDAYSNC .............................................................................................................. 341
COUPNCD ...................................................................................................................... 342
COUPNUM ..................................................................................................................... 342
COUPPCD ...................................................................................................................... 343
CUMIPMT ...................................................................................................................... 344
CUMPRINC .................................................................................................................... 345
DB ................................................................................................................................... 346
DDB ................................................................................................................................ 347
DISC ................................................................................................................................ 348
DOLLARDE ................................................................................................................... 349
DOLLARFR .................................................................................................................... 350
DURATION .................................................................................................................... 350
EFFECT .......................................................................................................................... 351
FV .................................................................................................................................... 352
FVSCHEDULE ............................................................................................................... 353
INTRATE ........................................................................................................................ 354
IPMT ............................................................................................................................... 355
IRR .................................................................................................................................. 356
ISPMT ............................................................................................................................. 357
MDURATION ................................................................................................................ 358
MIRR ............................................................................................................................... 359
NOMINAL ...................................................................................................................... 360
NPER ............................................................................................................................... 360
NPV ................................................................................................................................. 361
ODDFPRICE ................................................................................................................... 363
ODDLPRICE .................................................................................................................. 365
ODDFYIELD .................................................................................................................. 367
ODDLYIELD .................................................................................................................. 368
PDURATION (Excel 2013) ............................................................................................ 369
PMT ................................................................................................................................. 370
PPMT .............................................................................................................................. 371
PRICE.............................................................................................................................. 373
PRICEDISC .................................................................................................................... 374
PRICEMAT ..................................................................................................................... 375

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PV .................................................................................................................................... 377
RATE .............................................................................................................................. 378
RECEIVED ..................................................................................................................... 379
RRI (Excel 2013) ............................................................................................................ 380
SLN ................................................................................................................................. 381
SYD ................................................................................................................................. 382
TBILLEQ ........................................................................................................................ 382
TBILLPRICE .................................................................................................................. 383
TBILLYIELD.................................................................................................................. 384
VDB ................................................................................................................................ 385
XIRR ............................................................................................................................... 386
XNPV .............................................................................................................................. 387
YIELD ............................................................................................................................. 388
YIELDDISC .................................................................................................................... 390
YIELDMAT .................................................................................................................... 391
II.10. HM C S D LIU (DATABASE FUNCTIONS) .............................................................. 392
II.10.1. Ni chung v Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu ...................................................... 392
II.10.2. Mt s v d v cch dng Criteria nhp iu kin ........................................... 392
DAVERAGE ................................................................................................................... 397
DCOUNT ........................................................................................................................ 397
DCOUNTA ..................................................................................................................... 398
DGET .............................................................................................................................. 398
DMAX ............................................................................................................................. 398
DMIN .............................................................................................................................. 399
DPRODUCT ................................................................................................................... 399
DSTDEV ......................................................................................................................... 399
DSTDEVP ....................................................................................................................... 399
DSUM ............................................................................................................................. 400
DVAR.............................................................................................................................. 400
DVARP ........................................................................................................................... 400
GETPIVOTDATA .......................................................................................................... 401
II.11. HM ADD-INS & HM NGOI (ADD-INS & DDE FUNCTIONS) ........................................ 403
EUROCONVERT ........................................................................................................... 403
SQL.REQUEST .............................................................................................................. 406
II.12. HM KHI (CUBE FUNCTIONS)....................................................................................... 409

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CUBEKPIMEMBER ...................................................................................................... 409

CUBEMEMBER ............................................................................................................. 410
CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY ........................................................................................ 411
CUBERANKEDMEMBER ............................................................................................ 412
CUBESET ....................................................................................................................... 413
CUBESETCOUNT ......................................................................................................... 414
CUBEVALUE ................................................................................................................. 415
II.13. HM WEB (WEB FUNCTIONS) ........................................................................................ 416
ENCODEURL (Excel 2013) ........................................................................................... 416
FILTERXML (Excel 2013) ............................................................................................. 416
WEBSERVICE (Excel 2013).......................................................................................... 417
PHN III. S DNG HM MNG TRONG EXCEL ................................................................ 419
III.1. CC KHI NIM V CNG THC MNG ......................................................................... 419
III.1.1. Cng thc mng tr kt qu v mt vng nhiu ................................................... 420
III.1.2. Cng thc mng tr kt qu v mt ..................................................................... 421
III.2. CC THAO TC VI CNG THC MNG ......................................................................... 424
III.2.1. To mt mng t cc gi tri trong mt day ............................................................. 424
III.2.2. To mt hng mng t cc gi tri trong mt day .................................................... 425
III.2.3. Chn mt day cng thc mng ............................................................................... 425
III.2.4. Hiu chinh mt cng thc mng ............................................................................. 425
III.2.5. M rng v thu hp cng thc mng nhiu .......................................................... 426
III.3. V D V NG DNG ..................................................................................................... 426
III.3.1. Cng thc mng tr kt qu v mt ..................................................................... 426
m cc k t trong mt day .......................................................................................... 426
m cc Text trong mt day ........................................................................................ 426
m cc li trong mt day ........................................................................................... 427
Tinh tng mt day co cha cc li .................................................................................. 428
Tinh tng 3 gi tri nho nht trong mt day ..................................................................... 428
Tinh tng 3 gi tri ln nht trong mt day ...................................................................... 429
Tinh tng n gi tri ln nht trong mt day ...................................................................... 429
Tnh tng theo iu kin ................................................................................................. 429
Tnh bnh qun lai b gi tr 0 ....................................................................................... 430
Kim tra Text cn tm c trong dy Text khng? ........................................................... 430
So snh 2 day................................................................................................................... 431
Tr v v tr ca gi tr ln nht trong mng .................................................................. 432

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Tm s dng cha gi tr xut hin th n trong tng s ln xut hin ca gi tr trong dy

......................................................................................................................................... 433
Tr v chui di nht trong dy cc chui ...................................................................... 434
Xc nh dy cha cc gi tr hp l hay khng ............................................................ 434
Cng cc con s ca s nguyn ...................................................................................... 435
Cng cc gi tr lm trn............................................................................................ 436
Cng cc gi tr cch nhau n khong trong dy .............................................................. 436
Loi b cc k t khc s khi chui ............................................................................. 438
Xc nh gi tr gn ng nht trong dy vi gi tr cho trc ..................................... 438
Tr v gi tr cui cng trong mt ct ............................................................................ 439
Tr v gi tr cui cng trong mt dng ......................................................................... 440
Xp hng bng cng thc mng ..................................................................................... 440
To bng cho ng ........................................................................................................ 441
m nhiu iu kin ....................................................................................................... 442
m s phn t duy nht trong danh sch...................................................................... 442
Cng cc phn t trong mng v khng tnh nu phn t xut hin ln th 2 tr ln. . 443
III.3.2. Cng thc mng tr kt qu v nhiu ................................................................... 443
To mng s nguyn lin tc .......................................................................................... 443
Ch tr v cc gi tr dng trong dy ............................................................................ 443
Tr v cc Nonblank trong dy .................................................................................... 444
o th t cc trong dy.............................................................................................. 445
Sp xp cc gi tr s trong mt dy ng ..................................................................... 446
Tr v danh sch cc phn t duy nht trong mt dy ................................................... 447
To dng lch................................................................................................................ 448
PHN IV. MACRO, VBA V MT S HM T TO ............................................................ 449
IV.1. CC KIU D LIU CA VBA ......................................................................................... 449
IV.1.1. Bin d liu ............................................................................................................. 449
IV.1.2. C php inh ngha tn bin ................................................................................... 449
IV.1.3. t tn bin theo "k hiu Hungarian" ................................................................... 450
IV.1.4. Cc lu v bin .................................................................................................... 454
IV.2. TM VC TRUY XUT, THI GIAN SNG CA BIN & TH TC ................................... 455
IV.2.1. Tm vc truy xut bin ........................................................................................... 455
IV.2.2. Thi gian sng ca bin .......................................................................................... 458
IV.2.3. Lu v khai bo bin Static: ................................................................................ 459
IV.2.4. Tm vc th tc/ hm ............................................................................................. 459

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Cng thc v hm Excel 97-2013 Gii Php Excel | xvii

IV.2.5. S dng hng gi nh ............................................................................................. 460

IV.3. HNG DN TRUYN THAM S TRONG VBA (BYVAL & BYREF) ................................... 461
IV.4. GHI V THC HIN MACRO ........................................................................................... 464
IV.4.1. Macro l g? ............................................................................................................ 464
IV.4.2. Ghi macro trong trng hp s dng tham chiu ia chi tuyt i ..................... 465
IV.4.3. Chy macro khi s dng bng iu khin macro (Macro dialog box) .................... 467
IV.4.4. Ghi macro trong trng hp s dng tham chiu ia chi tng i .................... 468
IV.4.5. Dng phm tt thc hin mt macro (shortcut key) ........................................... 469
IV.5. CCH THC HIN MT MACRO N GIN ........................................................................ 469
IV.5.1. Thc hin macro t mt i tng ho trong worksheet ................................... 469
IV.5.2. Chy macro t nt lnh trn thanh cng c ............................................................ 470
IV.5.3. Chy macro t lnh trong menu ca Excel ............................................................. 473
IV.5.4. Thay i la chn trong macro ............................................................................... 476
IV.5.5. Sa Macro ............................................................................................................... 476
IV.6. NG PHP VB (VISUAL BASIC GRAMMAR) .................................................................... 478
IV.6.1. Cc i tng (Objects) .......................................................................................... 478
IV.6.2. Cc phng thc (Methods) ................................................................................... 480
IV.6.3. Cc thuc tnh (Properties) ..................................................................................... 480
IV.6.4. Cc bin (Variables)................................................................................................ 481
IV.6.5. S dng mng (Array) ............................................................................................ 484
IV.6.6. S Dng With - End With....................................................................................... 485
IV.7. S DNG GIP HELP ................................................................................................. 486
IV.7.1. Ti thi im ang vit code ................................................................................... 486
IV.7.2. S dng hp thoi gip vi ch c th.......................................................... 486
IV.7.3. Trnh duyt i tng ............................................................................................. 488
IV.7.4. Cc tp tin v d ...................................................................................................... 491
IV.8. MT S CHC NNG IU KHIN TRONG VBA ............................................................. 491
IV.8.1. S dng Options...................................................................................................... 493
IV.8.2. S dng VBAProject............................................................................................... 495
IV.8.3. S dng chc nng Security ................................................................................... 497
IV.9. VIT MACRO ................................................................................................................... 499
IV.9.1. Vit macro ............................................................................................................... 499
IV.9.2. Sa cha li............................................................................................................. 501
IV.10. THAM CHIU N V VNG ..................................................................................... 502
IV.10.1. Tham chiu kiu A1 .............................................................................................. 502

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Cng thc v hm Excel 97-2013 Gii Php Excel | xviii

IV.10.2. S chi mc (Index numbers) ................................................................................. 504

IV.10.3. S hng v s ct (rows and columns) .................................................................. 504
IV.10.4. t tn cho vng (named ranges) ......................................................................... 505
IV.10.5. Nhiu vng (Multiple Ranges) .............................................................................. 506
IV.10.6. Offset Cells ........................................................................................................... 507
IV.10.7. Kiu tham chiu R1C1 .......................................................................................... 508
IV.11. CU TRC IU KHIN ................................................................................................. 509
IV.11.1. Cu lnh IF ............................................................................................................ 509
IV.11.2. S dng Select Case .............................................................................................. 511
IV.11.3. Xy dng cc iu kin ......................................................................................... 512
IV.12. HP THOI TRONG VBA ............................................................................................... 513
IV.12.1. Hp thng bo (Message box) .............................................................................. 513
IV.12.2. Phng thc InputBox (Inputbox Method) .......................................................... 516
IV.13. HNH NG LP (LOOP) .............................................................................................. 518
IV.13.1. Do ... Loop ............................................................................................................ 518
IV.13.2. Do While ... Loop.................................................................................................. 519
IV.13.3. Do ... Loop While.................................................................................................. 519
IV.13.4. Do Until ... Loop ................................................................................................... 520
IV.13.5. For ... Next ............................................................................................................ 520
IV.13.6. For Each ... Next ................................................................................................... 521
IV.13.7. Lnh thot (Exit) ................................................................................................... 521
IV.13.8. Vng lp lng ........................................................................................................ 522
IV.14. CC HM T NH NGHA ........................................................................................... 523
Hm tr v tn sheet hin hnh ....................................................................................... 523
Hm tr v tn workbook hin hnh ............................................................................... 524
Hm tr v ng dn n workbook hin hnh .......................................................... 524
Hm tr v tn y ca workbook ............................................................................ 524
Hm tr v User hin ti ca Windows hoc Excel ....................................................... 525
Hm tr v cng thc trong mt (cell) xc nh ......................................................... 526
Hm kim tra xem mt c cha cng thc hay khng ................................................ 526
Hm kim tra xem mt (cell) trong bng tnh c ang p dng tnh nng Data
Validation hay khng ...................................................................................................... 527
Hm kim tra xem mt (cell) c cha ch thch (comment) hay khng ..................... 528
Hm tnh tng cc t nn theo mu xc nh............................................................... 528
Hm tnh tng cc cha Font ch theo mu xc nh ................................................. 529

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Cng thc v hm Excel 97-2013 Gii Php Excel | xix

Hm xo b cc s 0 ng trc gi tr s khi mt xc nh ................................... 530

Hm xo b cc k t ch khi mt xc nh............................................................. 530
Hm xo b tt c k t s khi mt xc nh............................................................ 531
Hm xc nh v tr ca k t s u tin trong chui cho trc trong ...................... 532
Hm tnh tng tt c ch s ca con s cho trc trong (cell) ................................... 533
Hm tnh tng tt c ch s ca cc con s trong vng (range) .................................... 533
Hm kim tra mt worksheet c ang c bo v (protected) hay khng .................. 534
Hm to AutoText ca ring bn .................................................................................... 535
PHN V. THC HNH, TI V & THAM KHO ................................................................... 536
V.1. THC HNH V HM SUBTOTAL ..................................................................................... 536
V.2. THC HNH OFFSET......................................................................................................... 542
V.2.1. Gii thiu hm Offset ............................................................................................... 542
V.2.2. Offset v Validation List .......................................................................................... 544
V.3. NAME C S THNH CH ............................................................................................. 548
V.4. CC BI TP THC HNH ............................................................................................... 556
PHN VI. PH LC .................................................................................................................... 557
VI.1. TY BIN CHO NH DNG S LIU .............................................................................. 557
VI.1.1. inh dng s liu t ng ....................................................................................... 557
VI.1.2. inh dng bng cch s dng Ribbon .................................................................... 558
VI.1.3. inh dng ty bin .................................................................................................. 558
VI.2. CH MC HM ................................................................................................................ 562

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Cng thc v hm Excel 97-2013 Gii Php Excel | xx

LI GII THIU

Cc bn c thn mn!

Phn mm bng tinh s mt th gii Microsoft Excel co mt th vin hm phong ph v a dng,

p ng c hu ht cc nhu cu tinh ton ca ngi s dng thuc rt nhiu lnh vc khc nhau.
Vic nh tt c cc hm trong Excel v cch vn dng chng l mt vic "rt kho khn hoc thm
chi l khng th nh ht".

Ti liu in t "Cng thc v hm Excel 97-2013" ca din n "Gii Php Excel -

www.giaiphapexcel.com" c tng hp da trn cc bi vit a ng trn din n Gii Php
Excel v b sung cc ni dung lin quan, vi s h thng ho theo mt cu trc nht qun gip
ngi c d tip thu v tra cu.

Ngoi phn hng dn kin thc c bn v cng thc v hm, hng dn s dng cc hm Excel
97-2013, hng dn s dng hm v cng thc mng, kin thc VBA c bn, ti liu cn tp
hp hn 100 bi tp thc hnh cho cc bn nghin cu v co iu kin p dng l thuyt vo nhng
tnh hung c th, sinh ng v a dng. Bn cnh o, ti liu cn tp hp nhiu hm ngi dng
(UDF) hu ich bn c co c hi tip xc v thc hnh vi Macro v VBA trong Excel thng
qua cc hm ny.

c ti liu c hiu qu, cc bn nn c trc phn I ca ti liu co cc khi nim c

bn v hm, cng thc, cch s dng ia chi tng i v tuyt i, tn,.... Sau o, cc bn nn
vo phn V ti v cc bi tp v thc hnh trn cc bi ton c th ny. Trong qu trnh lm
bi, bn gp mt hm kho hiu, bn hay tra cu v c cch s dng hm o phn II. Cc phn
III v IV cung cp cc kin thc nng cao v hm v cng thc mng cng nh cc khi nim c
bn v Macro v VBA, y l nhng bc i u tin gip bn co th vit thm cc hm ngi
dng phc v cho cng vic ca mnh.

Chng ti tin rng, ti liu ny tht s l mt cm nang tra cu cn thit cho tt c nhng ai ang
lm vic vi bng tinh Excel.

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Cng thc v hm Excel 97-2013 Gii Php Excel | xxi

Chng ti cng xin chn thnh cm n tt c thnh vin ca Gii Php Excel a co nhng bi vit
hu ich v cng ng Gii Php Excel v ngi dng Internet. Ti liu ny c xy dng da
trn cc bi vit ca Trn Thanh Phong, Bi Nguyn Triu Tng, Phan T Hng,
hoangdanh282vn, ndu96081631, xin chn thnh cm n cc thnh vin din n co bi vit s
dng trong ti liu ny.

Cui cng, d chng ti a rt c gng trong qu trnh tng hp ti liu ny, nhng cng kho trnh
khoi nhng thiu sot. Chng ti rt mong bn c ong gop kin ti liu ngy cng hon thin
hn cc phin bn sau.

Mi kin ong gop xin gi v ia chi: ttphong@giaiphapexcel.com

Chn thnh cm n,
Lin h hp tc:
TP. HCM, ngy 29 thng 06 nm 2014 Website: www.giaiphapexcel.com
E-mail: info@giaiphapexcel.com
Trn Thanh Phong in thoi: 848-6679 2225
i din BQT Gii Php Excel TD: 0909.191.958 gp Bnh

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Gii Thiu Cng Thc V Hm Gii Php Excel | 1

Phn I
KIN THC C BN V CNG THC V HM

I.1. GII THIU CNG THC V HM

I.1.1. Cng thc
Cng thc gip bng tnh hu ich hn rt nhiu, nu khng c cc cng thc th bng tinh cng
ging nh trnh son tho vn bn. Chng ta dng cng thc tnh ton t cc d liu lu tr
trn bng tnh, khi d liu thay i cc cng thc ny s t ng cp nht cc thay i v tnh ra
kt qu mi gip chng ta tn cng sc tnh li nhiu ln. Vy cng thc c cc thnh phn g?
Cng thc trong Excel c nhn dng l do n bt u l du bng (=) v sau o l s kt hp
ca cc ton t, cc tri s, cc ia chi tham chiu v cc hm.

Du bng
Tri s
Ton t
Hm
Tham chiu
= 10000 IF(A1>=1000,80%*A1,A1)

Cc thnh phn ca cng thc

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Gii Thiu Cng Thc V Hm Gii Php Excel | 2

Cc ton t trong cng thc

Ton t Chc nng V d Kt qu

+ Cng =3+3 3 cng 3 l 6
- Tr =45-4 45 tr 4 cn 41
* Nhn =150*.05 150 nhn 0.50 thnh 7.5
/ Chia =3/3 3 chia 3 l 1
^ Ly tha =2^4 2 ly tha 4 thnh 16
=16^(1/4) Ly cn bc 4 ca 16 thnh 2
& Ni chui =L & Thanh Ni chui L v Thanh li thnh
L Thanh
= Bng =A1=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6
Kt qu: FALSE
> Ln hn =A1>B1 V d A1=3, B1=6
Kt qu: FALSE
< Nho hn =A1<B1 V d A1=3, B1=6
Kt qu: TRUE
>= Ln hn hoc bng =A1>=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6
Kt qu: FALSE
<= Nho hn hoc bng =A1<=B1 V d A1=3, B1=6
Kt qu: TRUE
<> Khc =A1<>B1 V d A1=3, B1=6
Kt qu: TRUE
, Du cch cc tham =Sum(A1,B1) V d A1=3, B1=6
chiu Kt qu: 9
: Tham chiu vng =Sum(A1:B1) V d A1=3, B1=6
Kt qu: 9
Khong Tr v cc giao =B1:B6 A3:D3 Tr v gi tri ca B3 v 2 vng ny
trng gia 2 vng c chung B3.

Th t u tin ca cc ton t

Ton t M t u tin
: (hai chm) Ton t tham chiu 1
(1 khong trng)
, (du phy)
S m (v d 1) 2
% Phn trm 3
^ Ly tha 4
* v / Nhn v chia 5
+ v Cng v tr 6
& Ni chui 7
= So snh 8
< >
<= >=
<>

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Nhp Cng Thc V Hm Gii Php Excel | 3

I.1.2. Hm
Hm trong Excel c lp trnh sn dng tnh ton hoc thc hin mt chc nng no o. Vic s
dng thnh tho cc hm s gip chng ta tit kim c rt nhiu thi gian so vi tnh ton th
cng khng dng hm. Cc hm trong Excel rt a dng bao trm nhiu lnh vc, c nhng hm
khng yu cu i s, c nhng hm yu cu mt hoc nhiu i s, v cc i s c th l bt
buc hoc t chn.

V d:

=Rand() hm khng co i s
=IF(A1>=5,t,Rt) hm 3 i s
=PMT(10%,4,1000,,1 ) hm nhiu i s v i s ty chn

Cc nhm hm chnh trong Excel

Add-In v DDE: Call, Registed.ID,

Hm ly d liu t SSAS: Cubeset, Cubevalue, (co t Excel 2007+)
Hm d liu: Dmin, Dmax, Dcount,
Hm ngy v thi gian: Time, Now, Date,.
Hm k thut: Dec2Bin, Dec2Hex, Dec2Oct,
Hm ti chinh: Npv, Pv, Fv, Rate,
Hm thng tin: Cell, Thng tin, IsNa,
Hm lun l: If, And, Or,
Hm tham chiu v tm kim: Choose, Vlookup, OffSet,
Hm ton v lng gic: Log, Mmult, Round,
Hm thng k: Stdev, Var, CountIf,
Hm vn bn: Asc, Find, Text,
Hm Web: EncodeUrl, FilterXML, WebService

Cng thc mi trong Excel 2007: thm vo 14 hm mi so vi Excel 2003- nh l Averageif,

Averageifs, Call, Countifs, Cubekpimember, Cubemember, Cubememberproperty,
Cuberankedmember, Cubeset, Cubesetcount, Cubevalue, Iferror, Register.Id, Sumifs

Cng thc mi trong Excel 2010 : nng cp v thay i gii thun tnh ton ca rt nhiu hm
nhm tng chnh xc ca hm. Mt s hm mi nh Networkingdays.Int, Rank.Ave,
Percentile.Exc, Confidence.T, T.Dist, T.Dist.Rt v T.Dist.2t

Cng thc mi trong Excel 2013: c rt nhiu (51) hm mi thm vo nh XOR, IFNA,
WebService,

I.2. NHP CNG THC V HM

Nhp cng thc trong Excel rt n gin, mun nhp cng thc vo no bn chi vic nhp du
bng (=) v sau o l s kt hp ca cc ton t, cc tri s, cc ia chi tham chiu v cc hm. Bn
c th nhn vo thanh Formula thy c trn cng thc. Mt iu ht sc lu khi lm vic

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Nhp Cng Thc V Hm Gii Php Excel | 4

trn bng tnh l trnh nhp trc tip cc con s, gi tri vo cng thc m bn nn dng n tham
chiu.

Minh ha dng tham chiu trong hm

Trong v d trn, i s th nht ca hm NPV chng ta khng nhp trc tip sut chit tnh
10% vo hm m nn tham chiu n ia chi cha n l I2, v nu li sut co thay i th ta chi
cn nhp gi tri mi vo I2 th chng ta s thu c kt qu NPV mi ngay khng cn phi chinh
sa li cng thc.

Gi s cc C2:G2 c t tn l DongTien, v I2 t tn l LaiSuat th trong qu trnh nhp

cng thc bn c th lm nh sau:

B1. Ti B4 nhp vo =NPV(

B2. Nhn F3, ca s Paste Name hin ra
B3. Chn LaiSuat v nhn OK
B4. Nhp du phy (,) v g F3
B5. Chn DongTien v nhn OK
B6. Nhp du ong ngoc ri nhp du +
B7. Nhp chut vo B2
B8. Nhn phm Enter

Nhn F3

Chn tn vng vo cng thc

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Nhp Cng Thc V Hm Gii Php Excel | 5

Ghi ch: Nhn phm F3 trong qu trnh nhp cng thc khi mun chn tn vng a t.

Mt trong nhng cch d dng nht s dng hm trong Excel l s dng th vin hm. Khi bn
mun s dng hm no chi vic vo thanh Ribbon chn nhm Formulas Function Library
chn nhm hm chn hm cn s dng. Ngoi ra bn c th nhn vo nt Insert Function
gi hp thoi Insert Function mt cch nhanh chng v khi cn tm hiu v hm ny bn chi
cn nhn vo Help on this function.

Hp thoi Insert Function

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Tham Chiu Trong Cng Thc Gii Php Excel | 6

I.3. THAM CHIU TRONG CNG THC

I.3.1. Tng quan v tham chiu

Cc tham chiu s dng trong cng thc gip cho chng ta khoi tn cng sa cha cc cng thc
khi cc gi tri tnh ton c s thay i. C 3 loi tham chiu sau:
Tham chiu ia chi tng i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu s thay i khi chng ta sao
chp hoc di di cng thc n vi tr khc mt lng tng ng vi s dng v s ct m
ta di di. V d A5:B7, C4
Tham chiu ia chi tuyt i: Cc dng v ct tham chiu khng thay i khi ta di di hay
sao chp cng thc. V d $A$5:$B$7, $C$4
Tham chiu hn hp: Phi hp tham chiu ia chi tng i v tuyt i. V d A$5 ngha
l ct A tng i v dng 5 tuyt i.

Ghi ch:
Du $ trc th t ct l c inh ct v trc th t dng l c inh dng
Nhn phm F4 nhiu ln (tuyt i) c inh/ bo c inh dng hoc ct

V d: Tnh ct Thnh tin bng cch ly ct S lng nhn vi ct Gi. i gi tri ct Thnh tin
sang VND bng cch ly ct Thnh tin nhn vi T gi. Tnh tng cc ct Thnh tin v ct Tin
VND.

Minh ha a ch tng i v tuyt i

B1. Ti D2 nhp vo =B2*C2 v Enter. Sau o qut chn c vng D2:D14 v g t hp phm
<Ctrl+D>. Vo cc D3, D4... D14 ta s thy cng thc cc dng t ng c thay i tng
ng vi khong cch so vi D2. Trng hp ny chng ta dng ia chi tng i ca B2*C2 l
v chng ta mun khi sao chp cng thc xung phia di th ia chi cc tnh ton s t ng
thay i theo.

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Tham Chiu Trong Cng Thc Gii Php Excel | 7

B2. Ti E2 nhp vo =D2*B$17 v Enter, sau o chp cng thc xung cc E3:E14. Chng
ta cn c inh dng 17 trong ia chi t gi B17 v ta mun khi sao cng thc xung th cc cng
thc sao chp vn tham chiu n B17 tnh ton.

B3. Ti D15 nhp vo =Sum(D2:D14) v chp cng thc sang E15.

I.3.2. Cc loi tham chiu trong Excel

Mt tham chiu xc inh mt hay vng trn bng tinh gip Excel bit c vi tri cha d liu
m bn mun s dng trong cng thc. S dng tham chiu trong cng thc gip mt cng thc
co th truy cp c n d liu cha ti nhiu ni khc nhau ca bng tinh hay ngc li mt gi
tri trong mt co th c s dng bi nhiu cng thc khc nhau. Ngoi ra, Excel cho php tham
chiu n cc thuc cc sheet khc trong cng workbook hoc khc workbook. Cc tham chiu
n cc trong workbook khc c gi l cc lin kt (link).

Kiu tham chiu A1

Excel mc inh s dng kiu tham chiu A1, ngha l cc ct c t tn theo cc mu ch ci

(A n Z v cc t hp ch ci). Trong Excel 2003- cc ct c t tn t A n IV (256 ct) v
cc dng c nh s t 1 n 65,536, cn trong Excel 2007+ th cc ct c t tn t A n
XFD (16,384 ct) v cch dng c nh s t 1 n 1,048,576. Cc k t v cc con s ny gi
l cc tiu ct v dng (row and column headings). tham chiu n mt , ta chi cn nhp
vo k t i din cho ct v s th t ca dng. Vi d tham kho n C4 th ny co k t ct
l C v s dng l 4.

Tham chiu n a ch
ti ct A thuc dng 10 A10
Vng ia chi trong ct A t dng 10 n dng 20 A10:A20
Vng ia chi thuc dng 15 t ct B n ct E B15:E15
Ton b cc thuc dng 5 5:5
Ton b cc t dng 5 n dng 10 5:10
Ton b cc thuc ct H H:H
Ton b cc t ct H n ct J H:J
Vng ia chi t ct A n E v t dng 10 n 20 A10:E20

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Tham kho n worksheet khc: Xt vi d sau, hm AVERAGE tinh ton bnh qun cc gi tri
thuc vng B1:B10 trn Worksheet Marketing trong cng Workbook.

Tn worksheet
a ch vng tham chiu trn worksheet

=AVERAGE(Marketing!B1:B10)

Du phn cch tn Sheet tham chiu v

vng tham chiu

Ghi ch: Tn worksheet v du chm than (!) c t trc vng ia chi tham chiu.

Tham chiu n ia chi worksheet khc nhng cng workbook th co dng:

Tn_sheet!a_ch_

V d: =A2*Sheet2!A2
=A2*Thong so!B4
Khi tn sheet c cha khong trng th trong cp nhy n
Tham chiu n ia chi trong workbook khc th c dng:
[Tn_Workbook]Tn_sheet!a_ch_

V d: =A2*[Bai2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
=A2*[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
Khi tn Sheet hay Workbook c cha khon trng trong cp nhy n
=A2*C:\Tai lieu\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
Khi tham chiu n workbook khc m workbook khng m
=A2*\\DataServer\Excel\[Bai tap 2.xlsx]Sheet3!A4
Khi tham chiu n tp tin Excel chia s trn my ch trong mng ni b.

Tham chiu vng

Trong mt s trng hp nhp cng thc, bn nhn c hp thoi thng bo tham chiu vng
(Circular Reference) v trong cng thc c s dng gi tri trong m bn ang nhp cng thc.
V d: Ti A3 bn nhp vo cng thc =A1+A2+A3

Cnh bo tham chiu vng trong Excel 2013

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Nu cc php tnh ca bn yu cu phi tham chiu vng th bn cn phi bt tinh nng cho php
tnh lp ln. Cch thc hin:

Excel 2003: Vo Tools Options Calculation chn Iteration

Excel 2007: Nhn vo nt Office Excel Options Formulas Calculation options

chn Enable iterative calculation.

Excel 2013: Vo File Options Formulas Calculation options chn Enable

iterative calculation.

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Tham Chiu Trong Cng Thc Gii Php Excel | 10

o Maximun Iterations: S ln tnh lp ti a cho cng thc m Excel s thc hin.

o Maximun Change: S lch i ti a cho php ca kt qu cng thc ca cc ln
tinh. t s cng nho th kt qu cng chinh xc nhng Excel cn nhiu thi gian
tinh hn.

V d: A1 cha s 1, A2 cha s 2, A3 nhp vo cng thc =A1+A2+A3 v vi thit lp

cho php tnh lp 3 ln nh trn th kt qu A3 ln u tin sau khi nhp cng thc l 9. Nu
nhn F9 th kt qu s l 18,

Kt qu ln u tr v sau khi nhp cng thc.

Tham chiu tng i, tham chiu tuyt i v tham chiu hn hp

Tham chiu tng i (Relative references)

Tham chiu tng i trong cng thc (v d nh A1) da vo vi tri tng i ca ia chi
cha cng thc v ia chi ca tham chiu n. Khi vi tr ca cha cng thc thay i
th ia chi tham chiu n cng thay i tng ng.
Khi ta chp cng thc sang cc dng hay ct khc, th ia chi tham chiu cng t ng
thay i tng ng.
Excel mc inh cng thc nhp vo dng tham chiu tng i.

Vi d: Khi ta chp cng thc ti B2 cha tham chiu tng i n A1 (=A1) xung B3 th
khi o cng thc trong B3 t ng thay i tham chiu n A2 (=A2).

Tham chiu tuyt i (Absolute references)

Mt c cng thc tham chiu tuyt i n mt no o (vi d $A$1) khi o d cho

cha cng thc bi di chuyn hay sao chp n ni khc th cng thc vn lun lun tham
chiu n o (A1).
Excel mc inh cng thc nhp vo dng tham chiu tng i, do vy ta cn chuyn sang
tham chiu tuyt i khi cn thit (bng cch t du $ trc cc tiu dng v ct mun
c inh phm tt l F4).

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Vi d: Nu ta chp mt cng thc (ti B2 xun B3) co tham chiu tuyt i n =$A$1 th
cng thc trong B3 vn l =$A$1.

Tham chiu hn hp (Mixed references)

Tham chiu hn hp l dng tham chiu kt hp 2 loi tham chiu tng i v tuyt i,
trong tham chiu hn hp chi c ct hoc dng c c inh (tuyt i).
Tham chiu c inh ct c dng nh $A1, $B1, ... v tham chiu c inh dng c dng
A$1, B$1, . Khi vi tr ca cha cng thc thay i th phn ia chi tng i (trong
tham chiu hn hp) s thay i theo cn phn ia chi tuyt i (trong tham chiu hn hp)
s khng thay i.

Vi d: Khi ta chp cng thc co cha tham chiu hn hp (=A$1) trong B2 sang C3 th cng
thc trong C3 thay i thnh =B$1 (ia chi tham chiu trong cng thc thay i 1 n vi t ct
A B do khng c inh ct, nhng hng 1 vn gi nguyn do hng a bi c inh cng thc
trong C3 l B$1).

V d: Tnh ct Thnh tin bng cch ly ct S lng nhn vi ct Gi v thng k doanh

s bn cho mi khch hng theo thng.
Ti E2 ta nhp vo cng thc =C2*D2 vi ia chi cc tham chiu l tng i v ta
mun khi sao chp cng thc t E2 xung cc di th ia chi cc tham chiu s thay
i theo.
o Cng thc trong E3 s l =C3*D3
o Cng thc trong E4 s l =C4*D4
o
o Cng thc trong E21 s l =C21*D21

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Cng thc trong B27 l =SUMIFS($E$2:$E$21,$A$2:$A$21,$A27,$B$2:$B$21,B$26),

cng thc ny sau o c sao chp qua cc bn phi v cc bn di n.

o Ta cn c inh tuyt i cc vng Thnh tin ($E$2:$E$21), vng ra iu kin

Thng ($A$2:$A$21), vng ra iu kin Khch hng ($B$2:$B$21) v ta mun
cng thc lun tha, chiu n cc vng ny khi sao chp sang cc khc.
o Ta chi cn c inh ct iu kin Thng ($A1) do ta mun tham chiu dng thay
i khi sao chp cng thc xung cc bn di nhng tham chiu ct khng i
khi ta sao chp cng thc sng cc bn phi.
o Ta chi cn c inh dng iu kin Khch hng (B$26) do ta mun tham chiu
dng khng thay i khi sao chp cng thc xung cc bn di nhng tham
chiu ct thay i khi ta sao chp cng thc sng cc bn phi.

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Kiu tham chiu 3-D

Khi chng ta mun phn tich d liu co vng ia chi ging nhau nhiu worksheet trong cng
workbook th khi o cn n kiu tham chiu 3-D. Tham chiu 3-D c dng nh vi d sau
=SUM(Sheet2:Sheet6!A1), ngha l tinh tng cc A1 nm trong nhiu sheet (t Sheet2 n
Sheet6).

Tham chiu 3-D co th dng tham chiu n cc nm trn cc sheet khc, (co th t
tn (Name) cho tham chiu 3-D), sau o co th dng cc hm sau tinh ton: SUM,
AVERAGE, AVERAGEA, COUNT, COUNTA, MAX, MAXA, MIN, MINA,
PRODUCT, STDEV, STDEVA, STDEVP, STDEVPA, VAR, VARA, VARP, v
VARPA.
Tham chiu 3-D khng th dng trong cng thc mng (cng thc kt thc bng lnh
Ctrl+Shift+Enter).
Tham chiu 3-D khng th dng cc ton t s hc (+,-,*,/,^, &) , ton t so snh (= > <
>= <= <>, ton t logic (and, or, not ).

Tham chiu 3-D s thay i nh th no khi thc hin cc lnh move, copy, insert, hay delete

Cc vi d sau minh ho s thay i ca tham chiu 3-D khi bn thc hin cc lnh move, copy,
insert, hay delete trong worksheet. Vi d ta co cng thc =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet4!A1:B5) tinh
tng cc A1:B5 t worksheet 2 n worksheet 4. Kt qu A2 l 60

Insert hay copy Khi chn hay sao chp cc sheet nm t Sheet2 (sheet u - endpoint) n
Sheet4 (sheet cui endpoint), Excel s bao gm lun tt c gi tri ca cc A1:B5 trn sheet mi
thm vo kt qu tinh ton.

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V d: Chn Sheet7 vo sau Sheet2 vi cc gi tri trong vng A1:B5 nh hnh sau:

Kt qu A2 trong Sheet TongHop =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet4!A1:B5) 70

Delete Khi xo cc sheet t Sheet2 n Sheet4, Excel s xo cc gi tri thuc sheet bi xo khoi
kt qu tinh ton.

V d: Xo Sheet7 khoi Workbook, khi o kt qu ti A2 trong Sheet TongHop

=SUM(Sheet2:Sheet4!A1:B5) 60

Move Khi di chuyn cc sheet t Sheet2 n Sheet6 n mt vi tri nm ngoi vng tham chiu
sheet, Excel s loi bo cc gi tri nm trn sheet di chuyn khoi kt qu tinh ton.

V d: Di chuyn Sheet3 ra nm sau Sheet4, khi o cc gi tri vng A1:B5 trong Sheet3 bi loi
khoi kt qu tinh ton. Khi o kt qu ti A2 trong Sheet TongHop =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet4!A1:B5)
40

Move mt Sheet u cui Khi di chuyn Sheet2 hoc Sheet6 n vi tr khc trong cng workbook,
Excel s t hiu chinh kt qu tinh ton cho ph hp vi vng tham chiu sheet.

V d: Di chuyn Sheet4 ra nm sau Sheet5, khi o gi tri vng A1:B5 trong Sheet5 s bao gm
trong kt qu tinh ton. A2 trong Sheet TongHop =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet4!A1:B5) 100

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V d: Di chuyn Sheet2 ra nm sau Sheet4. Khi o, cng thc trong A2 trong Sheet TongHop
bin i thnh =SUM(Sheet3:Sheet4!A1:B5) 50

V d: Di chuyn Sheet4 ra nm trc Sheet2. Khi o, cng thc trong A2 trong Sheet TongHop
bin i thnh =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet3!A1:B5) 30

Delete mt Sheet u cui Khi xo Sheet2 hoc Sheet6, Excel s t hiu chinh kt qu tinh theo
cho ph hp vi vng tham chiu sheet mi.

V d: Xo sheet cui trong tham chiu 3D Sheet4. Khi o, cng thc trong A2 trong Sheet
TongHop bin i thnh =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet3!A1:B5) 30

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Kiu tham chiu R1C1

Ngoi ra chng ta cn co th chuyn kiu tham chiu t dng A1 sang dng R1C1, kiu tham chiu
R1C1 rt hu ich cho vic tinh ton vi tri dng v ct trong VBA. i vi kiu R1C1, Excel k
hiu R chi dng theo sau l s th t dng v k hiu "C" chi ct theo sau l s th t ct.

Kiu tham chiu A1 v R1C1. ang chn c a ch l R1C1

R: chi dng
C: chi ct
Chi s sau R hay C nu trong mc vung [ ] l tham chiu tng i
Chi s sau R hay C khng trong mc vung [ ] l tham chiu tuyt i
R (chnh l R[0]) hay C (chnh l C[0]) khng c chi s theo sau l biu thi cng dng hay
cng ct vi hin hnh.
Di chuyn ln
dng trn, cng ct
R[-1]C

RC[-1] hin hnh RC[1]

Di chuyn qua Di chuyn qua
ct bn tri, ct bn phi,
cng dng cng dng

R[1]C
Di chuyn xung
dng di, cng ct

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hiu hn v tham chiu R1C1 xt cc vi d sau:

R[-2]C Tham chiu tng i n nm trn hin hnh 2 dng trong cng ct
(tng ng B1)

hin hnh l R3C2 tham chiu tng i n nm phia trn no 2 dng v

cng ct R[-2]C

R1C2 Tham chiu tuyt i n ti dng 1 ct 2 (tng ng B1)

hin hnh l R3C2 tham chiu tuyt i n ti dng 1 ct 2 R1C2

R[3]C[2] Tham chiu tng i n nm di hin hnh 3 dng v nm bn phi 2

ct

hin hnh l R3C2 tham chiu tng i n nm phia di no 3 dng v

nm bn phi 2 ct R[3]C[2]

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R[2] Tham chiu tng i n c dng nm di hin hnh 2 dng

C[-2]:C[-1] Tham chiu tng i n c 2 ct nm trc hin hnh

V d: Cng thc trong bng tinh s dng tham chiu R1C1 (xem hnh bn di)

Gii thich cng thc ti dng 2 ct 5 (tng ng E2): =RC[-2]*RC[-1]

RC[-2] (tng ng C2)
o R: Cng dng hin hnh dng 2
o C[-2]: Dich chuyn v bn tri cha cng thc hin hnh 2 ct ct 3
RC[-1] (tng ng D2)
o R: Cng dng hin hnh dng 2
o C[-1]: Dich chuyn v bn tri cha cng thc hin hnh 1 ct ct 4

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Gii thich cng thc ti dng 27 ct 2 (tng ng B27):

=SUMIFS(R2C5:R21C5,R2C1:R21C1,RC1,R2C2:R21C2,R26C)

R2C5:R21C5: Vng ia chi tuyt i t c dng 2 ct 5 n dng 21 ct 5 (tng

ng $E$2:$E$21)
R2C1:R21C1: Vng ia chi tuyt i t c dng 2 ct 1 n dng 21 ct 1 (tng
ng $A$2:$A$21)
RC1: ia chi hn hp ca c dng cng dng cha cng thc v ct 1 (tng ng
$A27)
R2C2:R21C2: Vng ia chi tuyt i t c dng 2 ct 2 n dng 21 ct 2 (tng
ng $B$2:$B$21)
R26C: ia chi hn hp ca c dng 26 v cng ct vi cha cng thc (tng ng
B$26)

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Tham chiu R1C1 v Macro

Khi ghi macro, Excel mc inh sinh ra cc tham chiu di dng R1C1 khi gn cng thc vo .

V d: Ghi macro chn cng thc tinh tng ct Thnh tin ca vi d trn th Macro sinh ra
code nh sau:

Sub Macro1()
Range("E22").Select
ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "=SUM(R[-20]C:R[-1]C)"
Range("E23").Select
End Sub

V d: Th tc chuyn i qua li kiu tham chiu A1 v R1C1

Sub Shift_R1C1_A1()
If Application.ReferenceStyle = xlR1C1 Then
Application.ReferenceStyle = xlA1
Else
Application.ReferenceStyle = xlR1C1
End If
End Sub

Ty chn chuyn sang kiu tham chiu R1C1

Excel 2003 v trc: Tools | Options | General | Settings | chn R1C1 reference style.

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Excel 2007: Nt Office | Excel Options | Formulas | Working with formulas | chn R1C1
reference style

Excel 2013: File | Options | Formulas | Working with formulas | chn R1C1 reference style

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Tnh Ton Trong Bng Gii Php Excel | 22

I.4. TNH TON TRONG BNG

y l tinh nng mi trong Excel 2007+, trong bng biu ta c th dng tn ct lm tham chiu
tnh ton.

Mun chuyn mt danh sch thnh bng biu ta hay t hin hnh vo trong vng danh sch,
sau o vo Ribbon Insert nhm Tables Table hp thoi Create Table Chn My
table has headers nu c OK. Lu cc bng c t tn t ng.

Minh ha chuyn danh sch thnh bng

B1. Tnh ct Thnh tin: chn D2 v nhp vo =[S lng]*[Gi] (hoc =B2*C2) v Enter.
Excel s t ng sao chp cng thc xung gip bn.

Dng tn ct lm tham chiu tnh ton

B2. Tnh ct Tin VND: chn E2 v nhp vo =[Thnh tin]*H$1 (hoc =D2*H$1) v Enter.
Excel s t ng sao chp cng thc xung gip bn.

B3. Thm dng tnh Tng hay hin hnh vo bng: Ribbon Table Tools Design
nhm Table Style Options chn Total Row.

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Chn la hm tnh ton

Ghi ch: Nhn <Ctrl+T> to bng.

I.5. CC LI THNG DNG V CCH X L LI

I.5.1. Cc li thng dng

Li Gii thch
#DIV/0! Trong cng thc c cha php chia cho 0 (zero) hoc chia rng
#NAME? Do dnh sai tn hm hay tham chiu hoc nh thiu du nhy
#N/A Cng thc tham chiu n m co dng hm NA jim tra s tn ti ca d
liu hoc hm khng c kt qu
#NULL! Hm s dng d liu giao nhau ca 2 vng m 2 vng ny khng c phn
chung nn phn giao rng
#NUM! Vn i vi gi tri, v d nh dng nhm s m trong khi ng phi l s
dng
#REF! Tham chiu bi li, thng l do tham chiu trong hm bi xa
#VALUE! Cng thc tnh ton c cha kiu d liu khng ng.

Tham chiu vng

Trong mt s trng hp nhp cng thc th bn nhn c hp thoi thng bo tham chiu vng
(Circular Reference) v trong cng thc c s dng gi tri trong m bn ang nhp cng thc.

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V d: Ti A3 bn nhp vo cng thc =A1+A2+A3, bn s nhn c cnh bo tham chiu

vng.

Cnh bo tham chiu vng

Nu cc php tnh ca bn yu cu phi tham chiu vng th bn cn phi bt tinh nng ny ln.

Ty chn tham chiu vng

V d: A1 cha s 2, A2 cha s 3, A3 nhp vo cng thc =A1+A2+A3 v vi thit lp

tinh vng nh trn th kt qu A3 ln u tin sau khi nhp cng thc l 15.

I.5.2. Ty chn tnh ton

Trong thc t i khi chng ta phi lm vic vi mt bng tnh rt phc tp v c rt nhiu cng
thc. Theo mc inh, c mi s thay i trong bng tnh th Excel s t ng tnh li tt c cc
cng thc c trong bng tinh, iu ny lm gim hiu sut lm vic rt nhiu. Do vy chng ta nn
iu chinh ty chn tnh ton trong Excel. Vo Ribbon Formulas Calculation
Calculation Options C cc ty chn sau (cng co th lm theo cch hnh 2.10)

Automatic: c thit lp mc inh, Excel s tnh ton li tt c cc cng thc khi c s

thay i v gi tri, cng thc hoc tn trong bng tnh.

Automatic Except for Data Tables: Tnh ton li tt c cc cng thc ngoi tr cc cng
thc trong cc bng biu.

Manual: Ra lnh ch Excel tnh ton li khi cn, c cc t hp phm sau

o F9: Tnh ton li cc cng thc trong tt c workbook ang m.
o Shift + F9: Chi tnh li cc cng thc trong Sheet hin hnh.
o Ctrl + Alt + F9: Tnh ton li cc cng thc trong tt c workbook ang m khng
cn quan tm n ni dung co thay i hay khng.

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I.5.3. Kim tra cng thc bng Formulas Auditing

Mt c dng (c 1 gc nho t mu) l o ang co li no o. Cc li thng dng

nh: cha cng thc m kt qu c li, s m li inh dng nh chui, bi kha, nhp liu khng
ng, d tm v sa li chng ta dng b cng c Ribbon Formulas Formulas
Auditing.

Hin ng ni Hin di dng Kim tra li

th hin mi lin cng thc
h gia cng thc
v cc

Kim tra qua tng

Xoa ng ni bc tnh ton ca
cng thc

Nhm lnh Formulas Auditing

Ghi ch: iu chinh cc la chn kim tra li vo Office Excel Options nhm Formulas
Error checking v Error checking rules.

V d: Kt qu tnh NPV c li nh hnh di tm li ta vo Ribbon Formulas nhm

Formulas Auditing Error Checking.

Excel s kim tra li ton b bng tnh v bo co v cc c cha li. Trng hp ny th B4

cha li.

Minh ha kim tra li

Bn mun tm hiu thm v dng li th nhn vo nt Help on this error

Mun kim li tng bc tnh ton ca cng thc th nhn vo Show Calculation Steps

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Mun bo qua li th nhn vo Ignore Error

Mun hiu chinh cng thc th nhn vo Edit in Formula Bar
Nhn Next n li k v Previous v li trc (nu c)
Nhn vo Option nu mun hiu chinh ty chn bo li ca Excel.

kim tra cc bc tnh ton ca cng thc bi li trn ta chn Show Calculation Steps (hoc
nhn trc tip vo nt Evaluate Formula trong nhm Formulas Auditing).

Nhn vo cc nt Evaluate xem cc bc tnh ton ca cng thc.

Li do tham
chiu nhm
cha chui

Kim tra cc bc tnh ton ca cng thc

Nu mun xem B4 c quan h vi cc khc nh th no hy chn B4, sau o vo Ribbon

Formulas nhm Formulas Auditing Trace Precedents.

Qua hnh bn di ta thy kt qu tnh ton ca B4 c tnh t cc A2, C2:G2 v I2, t o

chng ta cng co th ln ra li trong cng thc.

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Qut chn v
nhn F9

Qut chn v
nhn F9

Qut chn v
nhn F9

Qut chn v
nhn F9

A2 cha chui lm cng thc sai

Minh ha tm li trong cng thc dng phm F9

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Hm X L Vn Bn V Chui (Text Functions) Gii Php Excel | 28

Phn II
HM TRONG EXCEL 97-2013

II.1. HM X L VN BN V CHUI (TEXT FUNCTIONS)

ASC

Dng cho cc ngn ng s dng bng ma 2-byte (DBCS), i cc k t 2-bytes sang cc k t 1-

byte.

C php: = ASC(text)

text : L chui hoc tham chiu n mt c cha chui mun chuyn i. Nu text khng cha
k t 2-bytes no th text s gi nguyn.

V d:
= ASC("Excel") Excel
= ASC()

BAHTTEXT

Dng chuyn i mt s thnh dng ch ca ting Thi, ri thm hu t "Bath" vo.

C php: =BAHTTEXT(number)

number: L mt s hoc tham chiu n mt c cha s.

V d: c s 2014 thnh tin Thi.

=BAHTTEXT(2014)

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CHAR

Chuyn i mt m s trong b m ANSI (c min gi tri t 1 - 255) sang k t tng ng.

C php: =CHAR(number)

number: l mt con s t 1 n 255, l m s trong bng m ANSI.

V d: kt qu co c l k t bn quyn , chng ta nhp: =CHAR(169)

Bng m ANSI

V d: Dng hm char v ton t ni chui to chui nh trong ct D, c xung dng sau H

tn, chc danh v c quan cng tc. Ct D c inh dng Wrap Text.

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CLEAN

Dng xa tt c nhng k t khng in ra c (nonprintable characters) trong chui vn bn.

Hm CLEAN thng c dng g bo nhng du ngt on, ngt cu (co c do nhn phm
Enter), ngha l ni nhng on bi xung hng li vi nhau.

C php: =CLEAN(text)

text: on vn bn cn xa nhng k t khng in ra c. (Nhng k t khng in ra c l nhng

k t c m s t 1 n 31 trong bng m ANSI.)

V d: Hnh sau y cho thy cng dng ca hm CLEAN.

CODE

Hm CODE l ngc li vi hm Char, ngha l, cho 1 k t, CODE s cho bit m s ca k t

o. Nu i s ca CODE l mt chui, th kt qu tr v s l m s ca k t u tin trong chui
o.

C php: =CODE(text)

text: L mt k t hoc mt chui (mt cu)

V d:
=CODE("a") 97
=CODE("A") 65
=CODE("@") 64

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CONCATENATE

Dng ni nhiu chui li vi nhau

C php: =CONCATENATE(text1,text2,...)

Text1, Text2, co th c t 2 n 255 chui vn bn m ta mun kt ni li thnh mt chui n.

Ta c th s dng tham chiu ti nhng c cha vn bn hay con s

V d: Ni nhiu chui thnh mt chui

=CONCATENATE("Gii php", " Excel", " - ", "Cng c tuyt vi ca bn)

Gii php Excel - Cng c tuyt vi ca bn

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DBCS (Excel 2013)

(Hm ny chc l thay cho hm JIS)

Chuyn cc k t 1-byte trong chui vn bn sang cc k t 2-byte. Ty thuc vo thit lp ngn

ng mc inh trong Control Panel v ca Office.

i vi ting Nht, hm ny chuyn cc k t 1-byte ting Anh hoc katakana trong chui thnh
cc k t 2-byte.

C php: =DBCS(text)

text chui hoc tham chiu n cha chui. Nu chui khng cha k t 1-byte ting Anh
hoc katakana no th text khng i.

V d:
=DBCS("EXCEL") "EXCEL"
=DBCS()

DOLLAR

Chuyn i mt s thnh dng tin t (dollar M), c km theo du phn cch hng ngn, v c
th lm trn theo mun.

C php: =DOLLAR(number, decimals)

Number : S cn chuyn sang dng tin t

Decimals : S s thp phn, mc inh l 2, nu l s m th s lm trn v bn tri

V d: Ti B15 nhp cng thc: = "Tng chi ph qu mt nm 2008 l " & DOLLAR(76632, 0)
Kt qu tr v: Tng chi ph qu mt nm 2008 l $76,632

y, s tin ny a c inh dng thnh s nguyn (decimals = 0).

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EXACT

Dng so snh hai chui vi nhau.

C php: =EXACT(text1,text2)

Text1 v Text2 l hai chui vn bn cn so snh

Lu :
Hm bo qua cc inh dng nhng phn bit ch HOA v thng
Nu 2 chui text1, text2 ging nhau hon ton, hm s tr v TRUE; nu khng, s tr v
tri FALSE

V d:
=EXACT("Gii php", "Gii php") TRUE
=EXACT("Gii php", "Gii Php") FALSE

V d: So snh hm Exact v hm IF. Kt qu tr v khng ging nhau do hm IF khng phn bit

ch HOA v thng khi so snh.

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FIND

Tm mt chui vn bn trong mt vn bn khc. Gi tri tr v l vi tri u tin ca k t u tin

trong chui tm. FIND dng cho ngn ng s dng bng m 1 byte (SBCS), FINDB dng cho
ngn ng s dng bng m 2 byte (BDCS)

FIND lun m mi k t 1-byte hoc 2-byte l 1, khng k n ngn ng mc inh ca Windows

& Office

FINDB m mi k t 2-byte l 2 khi thit lp ngn ng h tr DBCS lm ngn ng mc inh.

Ngc li, FINDB m mi k t l 1.

Cc ngn ng h tr m DBCS: Japanese, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), v Korean.

Cng thc: =FIND(find_text, within_text [, start_num])

=FINDB(find_text, within_text [,start_num])

find_text: chui vn bn cn tm (chui con)

within_text: chui vn bn cha chui cn tm (chui m)

start_num: vi tr bt u tm trong chui within_text (mc inh l 1)

Lu :
FIND v FINDB l c phn bit ch HOA v thng v khng cho dng k t thay th.
Nu mun tm kim khng phn bit ch HOA v thng hoc dng k t thay th th
dng SEARCH v SEARCHB.
Nu find_text l "" (rng), hm FIND tr v vi tr k t u tin trong chui tm (o l vi
tr start_num hoc 1).

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Find_text khng th cha cc k t thay th.

Nu find_text khng tm thy trong within_text, hm FIND v FINDB bo li #VALUE!.
Nu start_num l nho hn hay bng zero, hm FIND v FINDB bo li #VALUE!.
Nu start_num ln hn chiu di ca within_text, hm FIND v FINDB bo li #VALUE!.
S dng start_num bo qua cc k t u chui m ta khng cn tm.

V d:

V d: Trch xut h, tn m v tn (v d vi tn ting Anh, phn tn m c vit tt)

Gi s H v Tn nm A2, v ang co gi tri l Charlotte P. Cooper

u tin, nh bi trn, dng cng thc sau tch phn Tn.

=LEFT(A2, FIND(" ", A2) - 1) Charlotte

Cng thc FIND(" ", A2) s cho kt qu l 10, l vi tr ca khong trng u tin (sau ch
Charlotte).

tm vi tr ca khong trng th hai, th bn phi gn vi tr bt u tm (start_num) l 11, hoc

l bng kt qu ca FIND(" ", A2) cng thm 1:
=FIND(" ", A2, FIND(" ",A2) + 1)

Ri dng kt qu ca cng thc ny lm tham s cho hm RIGHT() trch ra phn H.

=RIGHT(A2, LEN(A2) - FIND(" ", A2, FIND(" ", A2) +1)) Cooper

trch phn tn m, dng hm FIND tm vi tr ca du chm (.) ri a vo trong cng thc

ca hm MID tm k t ng trc du chm:

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=MID(A2, FIND(".", A2) - 1, 1) P

Hnh sau y l mt minh ha cho phn va trnh by trn:

FINDB

Xem cch s dng to hm FIND.

FIXED

Chuyn i mt s thnh dng vn bn (text), c hoc khng km theo du phn cch hng ngn,
v c th lm trn theo mun.

C php: =FIXED(number [,decimals] [,no_commas])

number l s cn chuyn sang dng text

decimals l s s thp phn, mc inh l 2, nu l s m th s lm trn v bn tri

no_commas: TRUE hoc FALSE, dng TRUE nu khng mun c du phn cch hng ngn, v
FALSE (mc inh) th c bao gm c du phn cch hng ngn

V d: Bn th dng hm FIXED vi con s 123456789,85 ra lp cng thc cho ra kt qu

ging nh ct B.

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JIS (Excel 2013-)

Chuyn cc k t 1-byte trong chui vn bn sang cc k t 2-byte.

Tn hm v cc k t m hm chuyn i ph thuc vo thit lp trong Control Panel, Region and

Language.

i vi ting Nht, hm ny s chuyn k t 1-byte (katakana) trong chui vn bn sang cc k

t 2-bytes.

C php: =JIS(text)

Text l chui hoc tham chiu n cha chui cn chuyn i. Nu chui khng cha k 1-
byte no th hm tr v chnh chui o.

V d:
=JIS("EXCEL") "EXCEL"
=JIS()

LEFT

Left: Dng trch xut phn bn tri ca mt chui mt hoc nhiu k t ty theo s chi inh s
lng k t cn trch.

LeftB: Dng trch xut phn bn tri ca mt chui mt hoc nhiu k t ty theo s chi inh
s byte cn trch.

C php: =LEFT(text [, num_chars])

=LEFTB(text, [num_bytes])

text: chui vn bn cn trch xut k t

num_chars: s k t cn trch ra pha bn tri chui text, mc inh l 1.

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Num_bytes: s byte cn trch

Lu :
num_chars phi l s nguyn dng
Nu num_chars ln hn di ca chui th kt qu tr v s l ton b chui

V d:
=LEFT(Giai Phap Excel, 4) Giai
=LEFT(,2)

LEFTB chi m mi k t l 2 bytes khi mt trong cc ngn ng h tr DBCS (double-byte

character set) c thit lp mc inh trong my ca bn (Control Panel | Region and Language).
Cn li th LEFTB s ging nh hm LEFT (m mi k t l 1 byte). DBCS bao gm Japanese,
Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), v Korean.

Microsoft Office s dng ngn ng nhp mc inh trong h iu hnh Windows xc inh ngn
ng mc inh cho cc chng trnh Office. thay i ngn ng mc inh trong cc chng trnh
Office, bn phi thay i ngn ng nhp mc inh cho h iu hnh Windows v sau o thay i
ngn ng chinh sa mc inh cho Office.

LEFTB

Xem cch s dng ti hm LEFT.

Thay i ngn ng nhp liu mc nh trong Windows

Vo Control Panel | chn Region and Language | chn Keyboards and Languages | chn
Change Keyboards (Minh ha Windows 7)

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Hm X L Vn Bn V Chui (Text Functions) Gii Php Excel | 39

Nhn nt Add thm vo ngn ng mi, v d bn chn Chinese (Simplified)

Sau khi thm ngn ng mi th chn ngn ng o lm ngn ng nhp liu mc inh ti khung
Default input language.

Bm OK ng cho cc thay i.

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Hm X L Vn Bn V Chui (Text Functions) Gii Php Excel | 40

Sau o khi ng Excel (Hnh minh ha trn Excel 2013), vo File | Options | Language | khi o
bn s thy Chinese (PRC) ti Choose Editing Languages, bn hy chn n lm mc inh. Bm
OK chp nhn cc thay i, sau o ong v m li Excel cc thit lp c hiu lc.

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Hm X L Vn Bn V Chui (Text Functions) Gii Php Excel | 41

Sau khi cc thit lp trong Windows v Office hon tt chuyn sang ngn ng h tr DBCS th
cc hm nh LENB, LEFTB, RIGHTB, MIDB, FINDB, SEARCHB, .. s hot ng ng chc
nng ca chng.

V d: Minh ha cch dng hm LENB, LEFTB v RIGHTB

LEN

LEN: Tr v s k t trong mt chui

LENB: Tr v s byte trong mt chui. (m mi k t l 2 byte khi mt trong cc ngn ng h

tr DBCS c thit lp mc inh trong my ca bn).

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C php: =LEN(text)
=LENB(text)

Text: L chui vn bn cn tnh chiu di.

V d: Tnh chiu di chui

LENB

Xem cch s dng ti hm LEN.

LOWER

Hm LOWER i tt c cc k t trong mt chui vn bn thnh ch thng.

Hm ny thng c dng khi bn cn inh dng li mt cu vn (thng l do chp u o

dn vo trong Excel) m trong o, ch thng ch hoa c g hoc bi thay i lung tung...

C php: =LOWER(text)

text: L mt chui, hoc tham chiu n mt chui cn inh dng

V d: Cng thc sau y s sa cell A2 (Gii php Excel) thnh ton l ch thng
=LOWER(A2) gii php excel

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MID

Mid: Dng trch xut mt chui con (substring) t mt chui theo s chi inh vi tr bt u v
s lng k t cn trch.

MidB: Dng trch xut mt chui con (substring) t mt chui theo s chi inh vi tr bt u
v s lng byte cn trich. (m mi k t l 2 byte khi mt trong cc ngn ng h tr DBCS
c thit lp mc inh trong my ca bn)

Cng thc: =MID(text, start_num, num_chars])

=MIDB(text, start_num, num_bytes)

text: chui vn bn cn trch xut

start_num: vi tr bt u trch ra chui con, tnh t bn tri sang

num_chars: s k t ca chui con cn trch ra.

num_bytes: s bytes cn trch

Lu :
num_chars phi l s nguyn dng
start_num phi l s nguyn dng
Nu start_num ln hn di ca chui th kt qu tr v s l chui rng

V d: =MID("Giai Phap Excel", 6, 4) Phap

MIDB

Xem cch s dng ti hm MID.

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NUMBERVALUE (Excel 2013)

Chuyn chui thnh dng s ph hp vi thit lp ia phng ca my tnh.

C php: =NUMBERVALUE(Text, [Decimal_separator], [Group_separator ])

Text: chui cn chuyn i

Decimal_separator: k t dng phn cch phn s nguyn v s thp phn.

Group_separator: k t dng phn nhm hng t, triu, nghn ca con s

Lu :
Nu Decimal_separator v Group_separator khng khai bo th hm s ly k t thit lp
ca h thng hin ti.
Nu c nhiu Decimal_separator v Group_separator c dng th hm chi ly k t u
tin.
Nu Text l chui rng th hm tr v 0 (zero).
Cc khong trng trong Text s bi bo qua. V d 3 000 kt qu l 3000
Nu Decimal_separator xut hin nhiu hn 2 ln trong Text hm s tr v li #VALUE!
Nu Group_separator xut hin trc Decimal_separator trong Text th Group_separator
s bi bo qua.
Nu Group_separator xut hin sau Decimal_separator trong Text th hm tr v li
#VALUE!
Nu c bt k i s no khng hp l hm cng tr v li #VALUE!
Nu Text c cha nhiu k hiu %% th cc k hiu ny s c dng tnh ton. V d:
=NUMBERVALUE("9%%") kt qu 0.0009

V d:

PHONETIC

Trch cc k t ng m (furigana) t chui ting Nht.

C php: =PHONETIC(reference)

Reference l chui k t, ia chi tham chiu hoc vng ia chi cha cc k t furigana.

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Lu :
Nu reference l vng ia chi th cc k t furigana nm trong ia chi gc trn bn tri
vng s c trch.
Nu reference l vng ia chi cc khng lin nhau hm tr v li #N/A.

V d: Theo Help, A1 cha "" v A2 cha . Kt qu B1 v B2 s l:

=PHONETIC(A1)
=PHONETIC(A2)

(Hm ny hin ang chy khng n inh, cho ra nhiu kt qu khc nhau! Xem thm
https://issues.apache.org/ooo/show_bug.cgi?id=80766 )

PROPER

Hm PROPER() i k t u tin trong mt ch ca mt chui vn bn thnh ch in hoa, cn tt

c cc k t cn li trong chui o tr thnh ch thng.

C php: =PROPER(text)

text : L mt chui, hoc tham chiu n mt chui cn inh dng

V d: Cng thc sau y s inh dng li chui vn bn cell A7 (cng c tuyt vi ca bn) theo
kiu Proper:
=PROPER(A7) Cng C Tuyt Vi Ca Bn

REPLACE

Replace: Dng thay th mt phn ca chui bng mt chui khc, da vo s k t c chi

inh.

ReplaceB: Dng thay th mt phn ca chui bng mt chui khc, da vo s byte c chi
inh.

Replace dng cho ngn ng s dng bng m 1 byte (SBCS), Replaceb dng cho ngn ng s
dng bng m 2 byte (BDCS).

C php: =REPLACE(old_text,start_num,num_chars,new_text)
=REPLACEB(old_text,start_num,num_bytes,new_text)

old_text: chui vn bn cn c x l

start_num: vi tr bt u tm ci s thay th, tnh t bn tri sang

num_chars: l s k t trong old_text m ta mun hm REPLACE thay bng new_tex t

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Hm X L Vn Bn V Chui (Text Functions) Gii Php Excel | 46

num_bytes: l s bytes trong old_text m ta mun hm REPLACEB thay bng new_text

new_text: l chui m ta mun thay cho cc k t trong old_text.

Ci kh ca hm ny l xc inh c bi start_num v num_chars. Lm sao bit c bt u t

u v thay th bao nhiu ch?

- Bn dng hm FIND() hoc SEARCH() xc inh vi tr bt u (start_num)

- Dng hm LEN() xc inh s k t ca chui s c thay th (num_chars)

V d: thay s 2007 bng 2014 trong cu Expense Budget for 2007 A10

Dng cng thc nh sau:

=REPLACE(A10, FIND("2007", A10), LEN("2007"), "2014") Expense Budget for 2014

V d:

REPLACEB

Xem cch s dng ti hm REPLACE.

REPT

Dng lp i lp li mt k t hoc mt chui, vi s ln c inh trc.

C php: =REPT(text, times)

text: k t (character), mt con s hoc mt chui (string) cn c nhn bn

times: s ln lp i lp li ca text

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Lu :
Nu times = 0, hm REPT s tr v mt chui rng
Nu text l mt con s, REPT s lm trn con s o thnh s nguyn

V d: To m s hc vin gm 8 k t cho khoa 1 (K1) cn c v ct s th t v in thm s

0 vo trc STT m hc vin 8 k t.

V d: V biu tn sut bng hm REPT da trn s Phn hi ca cuc kho st.

V d: V biu thanh ngang bng hm REPT da trn s Phn hi ca cuc kho st vi vic
s dng Font ch Webdings.

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RIGHT

Right: Dng trch phn bn phi ca mt chui mt hoc nhiu k t ty theo s chi inh s
lng k t cn trch.

RightB: Dng trch phn bn phi ca mt chui mt hoc nhiu k t ty theo s chi inh s
lng byte cn trich. (m mi k t l 2 byte khi mt trong cc ngn ng h tr DBCS c
thit lp mc inh trong my ca bn).

C php: =RIGHT(text [, num_chars])

=RIGHTB(text, [num_bytes])

text: chui vn bn cn trch k t

num_chars: s k t cn trch ra pha bn phi ca chui text, mc inh l 1

num_bytes: s byte cn trch

Lu :
num_chars phi l s nguyn dng
Nu num_chars ln hn di ca chui th kt qu tr v s l ton b chui text

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V d: Trch 5 k t cui trong chui: =LEFT(Giai Phap Excel, 5) Excel

V d: S dng hm RIGHTB i vi ngn ng h tr DBCS: =RIGHT("",2) kt qu tr

v l

RIGHTB

Xem cch s dng ti hm RIGHT.

SEARCH

Tm vi tr ca mt chui trong mt chui th hai v tr v vi tr ca k t u tin ca chui th

nht tm thy trong chui th 2

SEARCH dng cho ngn ng s dng bng m 1 byte (SBCS), SEARCHB dng cho ngn ng
s dng bng m 2 byte (BDCS)

SEARCH lun m mi k t 1-byte hoc 2-byte l 1, khng k n ngn ng mc inh ca Office

SEARCHB m mi k t 2-byte l 2 khi thit lp ngn ng h tr DBCS l ngn ng mc inh.
Ngc li, FINDB m mi k t l 1.

Cc ngn ng h tr m DBCS: Japanese, Chinese (Simplified), Chinese (Traditional), v Korean.

C php: =SEARCH(find_text, within_text [, start_num])

=SEARCHB(find_text, within_text [, start_num])

find_text: chui vn bn cn tm (chui con)

within_text: chui vn bn cha chui cn tm (chui m)

start_num: vi tr bt u tm trong chui within_text (mc inh l 1)

Lu :
Dng SEARCH v SEARCHB xc inh vi tr mt k t hoc chui trong mt chui
khc sau o dng cc hm MID, MIDB, REPLACE, REPLACEB.
SEARCH v SEARCHB l khng phn bit cha HOA hay thng, nu mun tm c phn
bit ch HOA v thng th dng FIND v FINDB.
Ta c th s dng cc k t thay th nh ?, * trong find_text cn tm. Du ? thay cho mt
k t no o v du * thay cho mt chui no o.
Khi iu kin li l du ? hay * th bn t thm du ~ phia trc n.
Nu find_text khng tm thy, hm bo li #VALUE!.
Nu start_num khng khai bo Excel xem nh l s 1.
Nu start_num nho hn hay bng 0 (zero) hoc ln hn chiu di ca within_text, hm bo
li #VALUE!.
S dng start_num bo qua mt s cc k t bt u chui m ta khng quan tm.

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V d:

SEARCHB

Xem cch s dng ti hm SEARCH.

SUBSTITUTE

Dng thay th mt chui ny bng mt chui khc. Hm ny cng tng t hm REPLACE,

nhng d s dng hn.

C php: =SUBSTITUTE(text, old_text, new_text [,instance_num])

text: chui vn bn gc, cn c x l

old_text: chui vn bn cn c thay th

new_text: chui vn bn s thay th vo

instance_num: s ln thay th old_text bng new_text, nu khng khai bo th tt c old_text tm

c s c thay th bng new_text

V d: thay s 2007 bng 2014 trong cu Xin cho GPE 2007 ti A1

Dng cng thc nh sau:

=SUBSTITUTE(A1, "2007", "2014") Xin cho GPE 2014

V d: To s ti khon cng ty da trn 3 k t dng ch u tin v s th t dng c thm cc

s 0 vo trc cho 4 k t s.
=UPPER(LEFT(SUBSTITUTE(SUBSTITUTE(A2, ".", ""), " ", ""), 3)) & TEXT(ROW(A2),
"0000")

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V d: Loi bo cc m xung dng trong chui.

=SUBSTITUTE(A2, CHAR(10), " ")

V d: Tch h, ch lt v Tn trong chui H v Tn (Ting Vit)

u tin chng ta tch ch u tin trong chui lm H

=IFERROR(LEFT(A4,FIND(" ",A4)-1)," ")

Tch ch sau cng bn phi lm Tn

=IFERROR(RIGHT(A4,LEN(A4)-FIND("*",SUBSTITUTE(A4," ","*",LEN(A4)-
LEN(SUBSTITUTE(A4," ",""))))),A4)

Tch cc h v h lt (nu c)
=IF(LEN(B4&D4)+2>=LEN(A4),"",MID(A4,LEN(B4)+2,LEN(A4)-LEN(B4&D4)-2))

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Tr v mt chui nu tri tham chiu l chui, ngc li, s tr v chui rng

C php: =T(value)

Value: l gi tri mun kim tra

Lu :
Nu value l chui hoc tham chiu n cha chui th hm s tr v chinh value o. Nu
value khng l chui hm tr v "" (chui rng).
Ta khng cn phi s dng hm T v Excel t ng thc hin vic kim tra v tin hnh
chuyn i khi cn. Hm ny to ra nhm tng thch vi cc chng trnh bng tnh
khc.

V d:

TEXT

Chuyn i mt s thnh dng vn bn (text) theo inh dng c chi inh

Cng thc: =TEXT(number,format)

number l s cn chuyn sang dng text

format: kiu inh dng s hoc ngy thng nm

V d: Cng thc sau s dng hm AVERAGE() tnh s trung bnh ca mng cell A1:A31, v
dng hm TEXT chuyn i kt qu ra dng nhit

=Nhit trung bnh ca l phn ng l & TEXT(AVERAGE(A1:A31), #,##0.00F)

Nhit trung bnh ca l phn ng l 7,560.00F

V d: c cha ngy v vit thnh cu nh hnh sau:

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Hm X L Vn Bn V Chui (Text Functions) Gii Php Excel | 53

V d: To m s gm 4 k t da trn con s ct STT v in thm cc s 0 vo trc STT sao

cho 4 k t.

Th hin thi gian cp nht bng tnh ln sau cng

C bao gi bn mun bit c ln cui cng bng tinh ny co thay i l khi no khng?

Mt trong nhng cch lm l t ch tnh ton ca Excel l th cng (manual calculation mode)
v s dng hm NOW trong mt cell no o (hm ny cho ra kt qu l ngy gi hin ti).
Nh vy, hm NOW s khng t cp nht tr phi bng tinh c lu (save), hoc c tnh ton
li (recalculate), v nh o m bn lun bit c ln cui cng bng tinh ny co thay i l khi
no.

V d, bn dng cng thc:

= Bng tnh cp nht ln cui l: & NOW()

Tuy nhin, nu chi c chng o, th e rng kt qu bn nhn c s khng nh , v co th n s

l nh th ny:

Bng tnh cp nht ln cui l: 38572.51001

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Hm X L Vn Bn V Chui (Text Functions) Gii Php Excel | 54

Do Excel lun hiu ngy v gi l mt con s, cho nn con s ny: 38572.51001 c hiu l:
con s pha bn tri ca du phn cch (38572) l s chi ngy, v con s pha bn phi ca du
phn cch (51001) l s chi gi... Chi c ai rnh lm mi may ra c v hiu c!

V vy, ta nn sa cng thc trn bng cch dng hm TEXT inh dng n ra kiu ngy gi
ng hong, chng hn kiu DD/MM/YYYY HH:MM

= Bng tnh cp nht ln cui l: & TEXT(NOW(), dd/mm/yy hh:mm) Bng tnh cp
nht ln cui l: 08/08/2005 12:14:00 PM

TRIM

Xa tt c nhng khong trng d tha trong chui vn bn, chi cha li nhng khong trng no
dng lm du cch gia hai ch.

Nhng khong trng d tha ny c th nm bt k u trong on vn: u, cui hoc

gia...

C php: =TRIM(text)

text: chui vn bn cn xa nhng khong trng v ch.

V d: Hnh sau y cho thy cng dng ca hm TRIM.

Mi chui vn bn trong khi A2:A7 u c nhng khong trng v ch, nm u, gia hoc
cui.

Ti t hm TRIM ct C. cc bn thy cng dng ca hm TRIM, ti c dng thm hm LEN

t ct B v D, m s k t trong chui trc v sau khi thc hin hm TRIM.

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Hm X L Vn Bn V Chui (Text Functions) Gii Php Excel | 55

UNICHAR (Excel 2013)

Ging nh hm CHAR dng cho bng m ASCII, hm UniChar dng cho bng m UNICODE
Hm tr v k t Unicode ca m s u vo.

C php: =UNICHAR(number)

Number L k t s cn chuyn v Unicode

Lu :
K t Unicode tr v c th l mt chui k t (v d nh UTF-8, UTF-16)
Number l 0 th hm tr v li #VALUE!
Number l s nm ngoi vng cho php, hm tr v li #VALUE!
Nu Number l m dnh ring trong bng m Unicode (Cn trn h HEX t D800-DBFF
= 55296-56319; cn di h HEX t DC00-DFFF = 56320-57343) v kiu d liu khng
hp l, hm bo li #N/A!

V d: =UNICHAR(7840)

UNICODE (Excel 2013)

Ging nh hm Code dng cho bng m ASCII, hm UniCode dng cho bng m UNICODE
Hm tr v m dng s ca k t, nu l chui k t th tr v m s ca k t u tin.

C php: = UNICODE(text)

Text L k t mun chuyn thnh m s

Nu Text cha m dnh ring v kiu d liu khng hp l th hm tr v li #VALUE!

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Hm X L Vn Bn V Chui (Text Functions) Gii Php Excel | 56

V d: =UNICODE() 7840

UPPER

Hm UPPER i tt c cc k t trong mt chui vn bn thnh ch in hoa.

C php: =UPPER(text)

text: l mt chui, hoc tham chiu n mt chui cn inh dng.

V d: Cng thc sau y s ni chui vn bn trong cell A5 (Gii php) v cell B5 (Excel) li
vi nhau, gia c mt du cch, v tt c k t trong kt qu ton l ch in hoa.

=UPPER(A5) & " " & UPPER(B5) GII PHP EXCEL

VALUE

Dng i mt chui i din cho mt s thnh kiu s

C php: =VALUE(text)

Text: l chui vn bn hay mt tham chiu n cha vn bn m ta mun chuyn i

Lu :
Text co th inh dng thnh con s, ngy, hoc thi gian m Excel c th nhn dng c,
nu nhn dng khng c s bo li #VALUE!.
Hm ny chng ta thng t s dng, no c to ra tng thich vi cc chng trnh
bng tinh khc.

V d:

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Hm X L Vn Bn V Chui (Text Functions) Gii Php Excel | 57

V d:
trch ra s 6500 trong SQA6500, bn c th dng hm RIGHT()
=RIGHT("SQA6500", 4) 6500

Tuy nhin kt qu do hm RIGHT co c s dng text, bn khng th nhn chia cng tr g vi

ci "6500" ny c.

c th tnh ton vi "6500", bn phi i n sang dng s:

=VALUE(RIGHT("SQA6500",4)) 6500

Cng l 6500, nhng by gi bn c th cng tr nhn chia vi n.

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Hm Lun L (Logical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 58

II.2. HM LUN L (LOGICAL FUNCTIONS)

AND

Tr v gi tri TRUE nu tt c cc iu kin so snh l ng; tr v gi tri FALSE nu c mt hay

nhiu iu kin so snh l sai.

C php: =AND(logical1, [, logical2...])

logical1, logical2, ... c th co n 255 iu kin cn kim tra (trong Excel 2003 tr v trc,
con s ny l 30), cc iu kin ny tr v TRUE hoc FALSE

Lu :
Cc i s phi c gi tri logic l TRUE hoc l FALSE. Nu i s l mng hay tham
chiu th mng hay tham chiu o chi cha nhng gi tri logic.
Nu i s l mng hay tham chiu c cha ch hoc nhng rng, cc gi tri o s c
bo qua.
Nu dy khng cha cc tri logic, AND() s tr v gi tri li #VALUE!

Ta c th dng hm AND bt c ch no bn mun, nhng thng th hm AND hay c dng

chung vi hm IF.

V d:
=IF(AND(B2 > 0, C2 > 0), 1000, 0)

Nu gi tri B2 v C2 ln hn 0, th (thng) 1000, cn nu chi cn mt trong hai B2 hoc

C2 nho hn 0, th khng thng chi c.

V d: Tm cc ngy tha iu kin ngy cho trc

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Hm Lun L (Logical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 59

Bi ton thng k theo tui

vng Thng k theo tui, ngi ta mun lp cng thc da vo s tui ct B v cu tr li

ct C, th bit c la tui no chn cu tr li no...

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Hm Lun L (Logical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 60

xt tui t 18 n 34, cng thc:

AND(B9 >= 18, B9 <= 34)

Cu tr li nm ct C, vy cng thc tm cu tr li cho tui t 18 n 43 l:

=IF(AND(B9 >= 18, B9 <= 34), C9, "")

Ta lm tip cho cc khong tui cn li:

tui 35-49: =IF(AND(B9 >= 35, B9 <= 49), C9, "")

tui 50-64: =IF(AND(B9 >= 50, B9 <= 64), C9, "")

tui trn 65: =IF(B9 >= 65, C9, "")

FALSE

Tr v gi tri l FALSE

C php: =FALSE()

Khng co i s

Chng ta c th nhp trc tip gi tri FALSE vo cng thc hoc hm khi tnh ton. Excel s t
hiu o l gi tri lun l c gi tri FALSE.

IF

Tr v mt gi tri nu iu kin c gi tri TRUE, v mt gi tri khc nu iu kin c gi tri

FALSE.

C php: =IF(logical_test, value_is_true [, value_is_false])

logical_test: L bt k gi tri hay cng thc no c th tr v TRUE hoc FALSE. V d, A1=100

l mt biu thc logic. Nu gi tri trong A1 bng 100, biu thc s tr v gi tri TRUE, cn ngc
li th biu thc tr v gi tri FALSE. i s ny c th bt k ton t so snh no.

value_is_true: Gi tri tr v nu logical_test l TRUE.

value_is_false: Gi tri tr v nu logical_test l FALSE.

Lu :
C ti 64 hm IF c th lng vo nhau (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s ny l 7) khi
i s value_is_true v value_is_falsexy dng trn nhng iu kin phc tp hn. Tuy
nhin, khi cn phi kim tra nhiu iu kin, nn dng cc hm LOOKUP, VLOOKUP,
HLOOKUP, hoc CHOOSE.

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Hm Lun L (Logical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 61

Nu c bt k i s no ca hm IF l mng, mi phn t trong mng s c tnh ton

khi cu lnh IF c thc thi.
Microsoft Excel c cung cp mt s hm khc m bn c th dng phn tch d liu da
vo mt iu kin no o. Vi d nh hm COUNTIF, COUNTIFS, hm SUMIF hay
SUMIFS.

V d: Kim tra ngy u vo thuc qu no?

=IF(OR(MONTH(A3)=1,MONTH(A3)=2, MONTH(A3)=3),"Qu I",

IF(OR(MONTH(A3)=4,MONTH(A3)=5, MONTH(A3)=6),"Qu II",
IF(OR(MONTH(A3)=7,MONTH(A3)=8, MONTH(A3)=9),"Qu III","Qu IV")))

V d: Doanh thu <$100 th hoa hng l 3%, doanh thu t $100 n $500 th hoa hng 5%, doanh
thu >$500 th hoa hng 8%.

=A11*IF(A11>=500,0.08,IF(A11>=100,0.05,0.03))

V d: Bi ton tnh tin thng da trn doanh s bn hng

Mt ca hng quy inh mc tin thng trn doanh s bn hng trong thng cho nhn vin nh
sau:
Nu doanh s khng t inh mc ra, khng thng
Nu doanh s vt inh mc, nhng cha ti 10% so vi inh mc, thng $1000
Nu doanh s vt inh mc, v vt hn 10% so vi inh mc, thng $10.000

Cch lm:

Gi s ct B l inh mc doanh s bn, ct C l doanh s thc t trong thng, tinh c phn

trm vt inh mc ca nhn vin, ti ct D ta dng cng thc:

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Hm Lun L (Logical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 62

=(C2-B2)/C2 (nu mun hin s %, bn inh dng cho ct D theo kiu Percentage)

V ti ct E, tnh mc tin thng, dng cng thc:

=IF(D2 < 0, "", IF(D2 < 0.1, 1000, 10000))

Di y l hnh minh ha cho v d ny:

Nhng hm IF lng nhau

Gi s, chng ta xp loi hc tp, nu im trung bnh (TB) ln hn 9 th gioi, vy TB nho hn

9 th d? Cha, TB nho hn 9 nhng ln hn 7 th kh ci a, ri TB nho hn 7 nhng cha
bi im 5 th trung bnh, chi khi no TB nho hn 4 th mi gi l d (ci ny ti chi v d thi,
cc bn ng s dng xp loi nh).

Khi o, chng ta s dng nhng hm IF lng nhau, IF ny nm trong IF kia. Sau ny chng ta s
hc cch ghp thm nhiu iu kin khc vo na.

V d: =IF(A1 >= 1000, "Big!", "Not big")

By gi thm cht, A1 ln hn 1000 l "big" ri, nhng chng l 10000 th cng chi l "big" ? C
l nn tng thm mt danh hiu cao hn:

=IF(A1 >= 1000, IF(A1 >= 10000, "Really big!!", Big!"), "Not big")

Hoc l, ng rng <1000 l "Not big", nhng no khc "Small" ch, vy chng ta thm mt inh
ngha "Small" th xem:

=IF(A1 >= 1000, "Big!", IF(A1 < 100, "Small", "Not big"))

Bn nh, y ti t ci IF "con" khng ging nh trn, sao cng c bn , min l

ng sai c php ca IF.

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Hm Lun L (Logical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 63

V nu thch, bn c th ghp tt c li:

=IF(A1 >= 1000, IF(A1 >= 10000, "Really big!!", Big!"), IF(A1 < 100, "Small", "Not big"))

Cn mt lu nhng du ong m ngoc n. Nu bn ong v m khng ng lc hoc khng

, Excel s khng hiu, hoc l cho cc bn kt qu sai y.

p dng hm l lun vo cng thc mng

Mi bn xem bng tinh sau y:

Nu nhn thong qua, c l bn s ni rng, co g u, my ci TOTAL l cng nhng ci c trn

thi.

Ti sao ci TOTAL B16 trng rng? V ci cng thc ti trnh by o, lm g m "gh" vy?

Vng, v yu cu ca hai ci TOTAL ny l: Nu cc chi tiu Advertising, Rent, Supplies, Salaries

v Utilities u ln hn 0 th mi cng chng li, cn nu chi c 1 trong nhng chi tiu o khng
c (Salaries ca nm 2005, cell B14) th khng cng.

Phi lm cng thc mang thi. Trc tin chng ta lm nhp:

Cc t B3 n B7 phi ln hn 0: AND(B3:B7>0)

Tng ca B3 n B7: SUM(B3:B7)

Ri, by gi ghp ch nu vo: =IF(AND(B3:B7 > 0), SUM(B3:B7), "")

y l mt dng cng thc mng. Bn th Enter xem, Excel s bo li #VALUE! lin. Bn

phi Ctrl-Shift-Enter mi c.

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Hm Lun L (Logical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 64

V d: Lp cng thc trong F3:F8, bit rng n l tng s tin ct C nu nm (year) ct B bng
nm ct E tng ng. (V d: F3 l tng s tin ca nm 2009)

Cc bn xem li cng thc ca bi trn mt t: =IF(AND(B3:B7 > 0), SUM(B3:B7), "")

Cng thc ny, ti s sa li nh sau: =SUM(IF(B3:B7 > 0, B3:B7, "") s cho kt qu tng
ng.

Chng ta s dng kiu cng thc th hai (tnh SUM) cho bi ny:
=SUM(IF(YEAR($B$3:$B$18) = E3, $C$3:$C$18, 0))

Nhn Ctrl-Shift-Enter sau khi g cng thc. V y l p s:

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Hm Lun L (Logical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 65

IFERROR

Tr v mt gi tri xc inh trc nu cng thc c li, hoc tr v kt qu ca cng thc nu cng
thc o khng co li. Thng dng IFERROR by li trong cc cng thc.

C php: =IFERROR(value, value_if_error)

value: L mt biu thc, mt cng thc cn kim tra c li hay khng.

value_if_error: Gi tri tr v nu value gy ra li, l cc loi li sau y: #N/A, #VALUE!, #REF!,

#DIV/0!, #NUM!, #NAME?, hoc #NULL!.

Lu :
Nu value hoc value_if_error l mt rng, IFERROR() s xem chng nh nhng chui
rng ("").
Nu value l mt cng thc mng, IFERROR() tr v mt mng cc kt qu cho mi ca
mng trong value

V d: Dng hm IFERROR by li

V d: Chuyn i im ch sang im s da trn bng tra, nu khng tm thy trong bng th

tr v Ngoi bng tra.

=IFERROR(VLOOKUP(F2,$A$2:$B$12,2,0),"Ngoi bng tra")

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Hm Lun L (Logical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 66

IFNA (Excel 2013)

Tr v gi tri xc inh trc nu biu thc kim tra bi li #N/A, nu biu thc khng c li th tr
v kt qu ca biu thc.

C php: =IFNA(value, value_if_na)

Value l biu thc cn kim tra li #N/A

Value_if_na Gi tri tr v nu biu thc kim tra bi li #N/A

Lu :
Nu Value hay Value_if_na l rng, IFNA xem nh l chui rng
Nu Value l cng thc mng, IFNA tr v mt mng kt qu ca cc tng ng.

V d: Chuyn i im ch sang im s da trn bng tra, nu khng tm thy trong bng th

tr v Ngoi bng tra.

==IFNA(VLOOKUP(F2,$A$2:$B$12,2,0),"Ngoi bng tra")

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Hm Lun L (Logical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 67

NOT

Cho kt qu l php ph inh ca biu thc logc.

Hm NOT cho kt qu TRUE nu biu thc logic l FALSE v ngc li.

C php: =NOT(logical)

logical: mt biu thc, mt iu kin kiu logic

V d: =NOT(3>2) TRUE

OR

Tr v gi tri TRUE nu c mt hay nhiu i s l ng (TRUE); tr v gi tri FALSE nu tt c

cc i s l sai (FALSE).

C th dng hm OR bt c ch no, nhng thng th OR hay c dng chung vi hm IF.

C php: =OR(logical1, [, logical2...])

Logical1,logical2,... C t 1 n 255 iu kin cn kim tra xem TRUE hay FALSE (trong Excel
2003 tr v trc, con s ny l 30).

Lu :
Cc i s phi c gi tri logic l TRUE hoc l FALSE. Nu i s l mng hay tham
chiu th mng hay tham chiu o chi cha nhng gi tri logic.
Nu i s l mng hay tham chiu c cha ch hoc nhng rng, cc gi tri o s c
bo qua.
Nu dy khng cha cc tri logic, OR s tr v gi tri li #VALUE!

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Hm Lun L (Logical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 68

V d: Chi khi tt c biu thc u False th hm Or mi tr v kt qu l False.

TRUE

Tr v gi tri l TRUE

C php: =TRUE()

Khng co i s

Chng ta c th nhp trc tip gi tri TRUE vo cng thc hoc hm khi tnh ton. Excel s t
hiu o l gi tri lun l c gi tri TRUE.

XOR (Excel 2013)

Tr v kt qu l TRUE nu s lng i s TRUE l s l, tr v FALSE khi s i s TRUE l

s chn.

C php: =XOR(logical1, [logical2],)

Logical1, logical2, co t 1 n 254 i s cn kim tra xem TRUE hay FALSE, c th l gi

tri logic, mng hay vng tham chiu.

Lu :
Cc i s phi tr v dng TRUE hay FALSE, trong mng hay vng tham chiu th cng
phi l cc gi tri logic.
Nu mng hay vng tham chiu cha chui hoc rng th cc gi tri ny s bi bo qua.
Nu vng tham chiu khng cha gi tri logic th hm tr v li #VALUE!
Bn c th dng hm XOR di dng cng thc mng xem cc gi tri logic cha trong
mng.

V d:
=XOR(1-1=2,3>4,4>3) TRUE
=XOR(True,True,False,False) FALSE
=XOR(False,False,True) TRUE

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Hm Ngy Thng & Thi Gian (Date And Time Functions) Gii Php Excel | 69

II.3. HM NGY THNG & THI GIAN (DATE AND TIME FUNCTIONS)

Nhm hm v Ngy Thng v Thi Gian gip chng ta chuyn i nhng gi tri ngy thng v
thi gian thnh nhng con s c th tnh ton vi chng. H thng ngy gi trong Excel ph
thuc vo cch thit lp trong Regional Options ca Control Panel.

Trong phn ny, ti dng inh dng ngy thng theo kiu Vit Nam: ngy/thng/nm
(dd/mm/yyyy).

DATE

Tr v mt ngy thng nm no o

C php: =DATE(year, month, day)

year: S chi nm. Con s ny c th l 1 n 4 k s.

Nu nho hn 1900, Excel s t ng cng thm 1900 vo tnh (v d year = 100 th
Excel s hiu o l nm 2000)
Nu t 1900 n 9999, th Excel s coi o chinh l nm cn tnh
Nu nho hn 0 hoc ln hn 10.000, Excel s bo li #NUM!

month: S chi thng. Nu con s ny ln hn 12, th Excel s t ng quy i thnh 12 bng 1

nm v tng s nm ln.

day: S chi ngy. Nu con s ny ln hn s ngy ca thng, th Excel s t ng quy i thnh

s ngy nhiu nht ca thng cho ph hp v tng s thng ln, nu cn th tng c s nm ln
lun.

V d:
=DATE(2014, 12, 25) kt qu l ngy 25/12/2014
=DATE(2014, 06, 32) 02/07/2014
=DATE(2013, 13, 25) 25/01/2014
=DATE(7, 25, 50) = 19/02/1909

(s ngy (date) = 50, ln hn s ngy nhiu nht ca mt thng (31), do o, Excel s ly ngy l
19, v tng s thng (month) thm 1; s thng (month) = 25 + 1 = 26 = 2 + (2 x 12), do o Excel
s ly thng l 02, v tng s nm thm 2; s nm (year) = 7 + 2 = 9, Excel s ly 9 + 1900 = 1909)

Hm DATE rt hu dng khi year, month, day l nhng cng thc m khng phi l mt con s,
n s gip chng ta tinh ton chinh xc hn.

Khi nhp hm DATE, bn phi cn thn th t year, month, day, v n rt d nhm ln (theo kiu
VN chng ta: ngy, thng, nm)

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Hm Ngy Thng & Thi Gian (Date And Time Functions) Gii Php Excel | 70

DATEDIF

C l cch d nht khi mun tnh ton ngy thng nm l dng hm DATEDIF.

Nhng co mt iu ti khng hiu l: hm ny dng tt, nhng khng h c trong danh sch hm
ca Excel (Excel 2007 cng khng), v cng khng co mt ci help no cho n c! Cho nn, c
mt s ngi s dng Excel phi ni l c thm nin, m vn khng h bit Excel c hm
DATEDIF()...

C php: =DATEDIF(start_day, end_day, unit)

start_day: Ngy u

end_day: Ngy cui (phi ln hn ngy u)

unit: Chn loi kt qu tr v (khi dng trong hm phi g trong du ngoc kp)
y : s nm chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui
m : s thng chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui
d : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui
md : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v thng ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s
nm v s thng
ym : s thng chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s nm v
s ngy
yd : s ngy chnh lch gia ngy u v ngy cui, m khng ph thuc vo s nm

V d:
=DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "y") = 100 (nm)
=DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "m") = 1211 (thng)
=DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "d") = 36889 (ngy)
=DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "md") = 30 (= ngy 31 - ngy 1)
=DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "ym") = 11 (= thng 12 - thng 1)
=DATEDIF("01/01/2000", "31/12/2100", "yd") = 365 (= ngy 31/12 - ngy 1/1)

Tnh s ngy lm vic gia hai khong thi gian

Bnh thng, nu ly ngy thng tr ngy thng, kt qu s bao gm lun nhng ngy l, ngy
nghi, v.v... Cn nu tnh s ngy lm vic trong mt khong thi gian, th phi tr bt i nhng
ngy khng lm vic.

Trong Excel c mt hm chuyn tnh ton nhng ngy lm vic gia hai khong thi gian m
khng bao gm cc ngy th By, Ch Nht v nhng ngy nghi khc c chi inh: Hm
NETWORKDAYS (ng nguyn ngha ca n: net workdays).

D nhin hm ny chi thch hp vi nhng c quan lm vic 5 ngy mt tun, ch nh chng ta,
lm tut, c khi l 365 ngy mt nm th hm ny v tc dng!

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Hm Ngy Thng & Thi Gian (Date And Time Functions) Gii Php Excel | 71

DATEVALUE

Chuyn i mt chui vn bn c dng ngy thng nm thnh mt gi tri ngy thng nm c

th tinh ton c

C php: =DATEVALUE(date_text)

date_text: Chui vn bn cn chuyn i

Lu :
date_text c gii hn trong khong t 01/01/1900 n 31/12/9999, nu nm ngoi khong
ny, hm s bo li #VALUE!
date_text phi c nhp trong cp du moc kp ()
Nu date_text chi c hai phn, Excel s hiu nh sau: nu phn sau l mt gi tri < 13 v
phn u l mt gi tri < 32, no xem nh phn u l ngy, phn sau l thng, v ly nm
hin hnh lm gi tri tinh nm; cn nu phn sau l mt gi tri > 12 v phn u l mt
gi tri < 13, no xem nh phn u l thng, phn sau l nm, v cho gi tri tnh ngy l 1.

V d:
=DATEVALUE("25/12/2014") 41998 25/12/2014
=DATEVALUE("25/12") 41998 25/12/2014
=DATEVALUE("12/25") 45992 01/12/2025
=DATEVALUE("12/25/2014") #VALUE! (do nh dng trong Control Panel l dd/mm/yyyy)
=DATEVALUE("25 December 2014") 41998 25/12/2014

DAY

Cho bit s chi ngy trong mt gi tri ngy thng

C php: =DAY(serial_number)

serial_number: Biu thc ngy thng hoc l mt con s chi gi tri ngy thng

V d: Hm nay l ngy 5/5/2014. Bn g vo =DAY(TODAY()) 5

DAYS (Excel 2013)

Tr v s ngy gia hai ngy cho trc.

C php: =DAYS(end_date, start_date)

End_date, Start_date l ngy kt thc v bt u m ta mun tnh s ngy c trong thi

on ny.

Lu :
Excel lu ngy di dng s tun t. Ngy 1/1/1990 c ghi nhn l s 1

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Nu end_date v start_date u l cc con s th hm s ly end_date - start_date tnh

ton s ngy gia hai ngy.
Nu c mt trong hai i s l ngy dng chui th hm s t ng chuyn chui thnh s
bng hm DATEVALUE(date_text) ri tnh ton.
Nu i s l con s vt ngoi vng d liu ngy thng th hm tr v li #NUM!
Nu i s l chui ngy thng khng hp l th hm tr v li #VALUE!

V d:

DAYS360

Tr v s ngy nm gia hai ngy cho trc (mt nm co 12 thng * 30 ngy = 360 ngy).

C php: =DAYS360(start_date, end_date [, method])

start_date, end_date: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca khong thi
gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE, hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc
khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng di dng text.

method: Mt gi tri logic (TRUE, FALSE) chi cch tnh ton, theo kiu chu u hay theo
kiu M.
FALSE: (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu M: Nu start_date l ngy 31 ca thng,
th no c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng o. Nu end_date l ngy 31 ca thng
v start_date nho hn 30, th end_date c i thnh ngy 1 ca thng k tip.
TRUE: Tnh ton theo kiu chu u: H start_date hoc end_date m ri vo ngy 31 ca
mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng o.

V d: So snh s ngy chnh lch gia 01/01/2008 v 31/5/2008 theo kiu mt nm co 360 ngy
v theo kiu thng (dng hm DATEDIF)

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=DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008") = 150

=DAYS360("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", TRUE) = 149
=DATEDIF("01/01/2008", "31/5/2008", "d") = 151

Ghi ch: Tnh s ngy chnh lch theo kiu mt nm co 360 ngy

Hin nay, vn cn mt s h thng k ton dng kiu tnh thi gian l mt thng coi nh co 30
ngy v mt nm coi nh c 360 ngy! Gp trng hp ny, vic tnh ton thi gian s khng n
gin, v thc t th s ngy trong mi thng u co ging nhau. C l v ngh n chuyn o, nn
Excel c mt hm dnh ring cho cc h thng k ton da trn c s mt nm co 360 ngy, o l
hm DAYS360.

EDATE

Hm ny tr v mt ngy no o tinh t mc thi gian cho trc v cch mc thi gian ny mt

s thng c chi inh.

Thng ngi ta dng hm ny tnh hn bo hnh cho mt sn phm, hoc ngy o hn hp

ng...

C php: =EDATE(start_date, months)

start_date: Ngy dng lm mc tnh. Nn nhp ngy ny bng hm DATE(), hoc dng mt
kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng
di dng text.

months: S thng trc hoc sau mc thi gian start_date (nu trc th dng s m). Trong
trng hp months l s khng nguyn, n s c lm trn. A1 ang cha ngy cui thng
01/2008, tnh ngy cui thng sau 3 thng na, dng cng thc: =EDATE(A1, 3) 30/4/2008

Lu :
EDATE() khng phi l hm tnh ngy cui thng, m cho kt qu l ngy trng vi
ngy ca mc thi gian mun tnh (start_date). Nu nh trng hp kt qu tr v l mt
ngy khng hp l ca mt thng (ngy 31/4 chng hn), th EDATE() s ly ngy cui
thng ca thng o (30/4).

V d: Ti mua mt ci USB ngy hm nay (08/01/2008), hn bo hnh 36 thng, vy no c

bo hnh ti ngy no?
= EDATE(TODAY(), 36) = 08/01/2011

EOMONTH

Tr v ngy cui mt thng xc inh.

C php: =EOMONTH(start_date, months)

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start_date: Ngy dng lm mc tinh. Cng ging hm EDATE(), nn nhp ngy ny bng
hm DATE(), hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu
bn nhp trc tip ngy thng di dng text.

months: S thng trc hoc sau mc thi gian start_date (nu trc th dng s m). Trong
trng hp months l s khng nguyn, n s c lm trn.

V d: =EOMONTH(TODAY(), 25) 40237 = 28/02/2010

HOUR

Cho bit s chi gi trong mt gi tri thi gian

C php: =HOUR(serial_number)

serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s chi gi tri thi gian

V d: =HOUR(0.5) 12 (gi)

ISOWEEKNUM (Excel 2013)

Tr v s tun ISO ca nm theo ngy cho trc.

C php: =ISOWEEKNUM(date)

Date L ngy thng cn tnh tun trong nm

Lu :
ISO WEEKNUM mc inh ngy th 2 l ngy u tun v tun u tin ca nm l tun
c cha ngy th Nm.
Excel lu ngy di dng s tun t. Ngy 1/1/1990 c ghi nhn l s 1
Nu date l s khng hp l, hm tr v li #NUM!
Nu date l ngy khng hp l, hm tr v li #VALUE!

V d:

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MONTH

Cho bit s chi thng trong mt gi tri ngy thng

C php: =MONTH(serial_number)

serial_number: Biu thc ngy thng hoc l mt con s chi gi tri ngy thng

V d: Hm nay l ngy 5/5/2014. Bn g vo: =MONTH(TODAY()) 5

MINUTE

Cho bit s chi pht trong mt gi tri thi gian

C php: =MINUTE(serial_number)

serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s chi gi tri thi gian

V d: By gi l 10:20 PM, bn g vo: =MINUTE(NOW()) 20 (pht)

NETWORKDAYS

Tr v s ngy lm vic nm gia hai ngy cho trc, khng tnh cc ngy cui tun v ngy l.

C php: =NETWORKDAYS(start_date, end_date [, holidays])

start_date, end_date: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc cng vic. Nn nhp
bng hm DATE, hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc khc, v c th s xy ra li nu
bn nhp trc tip ngy thng di dng text.

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holidays: Danh sch nhng ngy nghi ngoi nhng ngy th By v Ch Nht. Danh sch ny c
th l mt vng a c t tn. Nu nhp trc tip th phi bo trong cp du mc {}.

V d: Cng thc tnh s ngy lm vic gia ngy 1/12/2014 v ngy 10/1/2015, trong o co nghi
ngy Noel (25/12) v ngy Tt Ty (1/1), inh dng ngy h thng l dd/mm/yyyy:

=NETWORKDAYS("01/12/2014", "10/01/2015", {"25/12/2014","1/1/2015"}) 28 ngy

V d: Tnh s ngy lm vic gia ngy 20/12/2014 v ngy 3/1/2014, trong o co nghi ngy Noel
(25/12) v ngy Tt Ty (1/1), inh dng ngy h thng l dd/mm/yyyy:

=NETWORKDAYS("20/12/2014", "3/01/2015", {"25/12/2014","1/1/2015"}) 8 ngy

NETWORKDAYS.INTL (Excel 2010)

Tr v s ngy lm vic trn vn gia hai ngy bng cch dng tham s cho bit c bao nhiu
ngy cui tun v o l nhng ngy no. Ngy cui tun v bt k ngy no c chi r l ngy
l s khng c coi l ngy lm vic.

C php: =NETWORKDAYS.INTL(start_date, end_date, [weekend], [holidays])

Start_date v end_date Bt buc. Nhng ngy cn tnh khong cch gia chng. Start_date c
th sm hn, trng vi hoc mun hn end_date.

Weekend Ty chn. Cho bit nhng ngy no l ngy cui tun v khng c tnh vo s ngy
lm vic trn vn tnh t start_date n end_date. Ngy cui tun c th l s ngy cui tun hoc
mt chui cho bit ngy cui tun xy ra khi no.

Gi tri s ngy cui tun cho bit nhng ngy cui tun sau y:

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S CUA NGAY CUI TUN NGAY CUI TUN

1 hoc bo qua Th by, Ch nht

2 Ch nht, Th hai

3 Th hai, Th ba

4 Th ba, Th t

5 Th t, Th nm

6 Th nm, Th su

7 Th su, Th by

11 Chi Ch nht

12 Chi Th hai

13 Chi Th ba

14 Chi Th t

15 Chi Th nm

16 Chi Th su

17 Chi Th by

Gi tri chui ngy cui tun di by k t v mi k t trong chui biu thi mt ngy trong tun,
bt u t Th hai. 1 biu thi mt ngy khng lm vic v 0 biu thi mt ngy lm vic. Chi c
php dng cc k t 1 v 0 trong chui. Dng 1111111 s lun lun tr v 0.

V d, 0000011 s c kt qu l ngy cui tun l Th by v Ch nht.

Holidays Ty chn. Mt b ty chn bao gm mt hoc nhiu ngy cn c loi tr khoi lich
ngy lm vic. Ngy l s l mt vng ia chi c cha ngy, hoc mt mng c cha gi tri s-
ri biu thi nhng ngy o. Th t cc ngy hoc gi tri s-ri trong i s ngy l c th ty .

Lu :
Nu start_date mun hn end_date, th gi tri tr v s l s m v ln ca gi tri s l
s ngy lm vic trn ngy.
Nu start_date nm ngoi phm vi ca gi tri c s ngy hin ti, th hm
NETWORKDAYS.INTL tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu end_date nm ngoi phm vi ca gi tri c s ngy hin ti, th hm
NETWORKDAYS.INTL tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu chui ngy cui tun co di khng hp l hoc cha nhng k t khng hp l, th
hm NETWORKDAYS.INTL tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.

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V d:
Tr v 19 ngy lm vic trong tng lai. Tr 6 ngy cui tun khng lm vic (3 Th by v 3
Ch nht) ra khoi tng s 25 ngy gia hai ngy ny. Theo mc inh, Th by v Ch nht c
coi l cc ngy khng lm vic:

=NETWORKDAYS.INTL(DATE(2014,7,1), DATE(2014,7,25))

Tr v -19, l 19 ngy lm vic trong qu kh:

=NETWORKDAYS.INTL(DATE(2014,7,25), DATE(2014,7,1))

Tr v 16 ngy lm vic trong tng lai bng cch tr 7 ngy khng lm vic (4 Th su, 3 Th
by) ra khoi 25 ngy t ngy 1/7/2014 n ngy 25/7/2014. S dng i s 7 cho cui tun, l Th
su v Th by khng lm vic. Cng co hai ngy nghi l trong khong thi gian ny:

=NETWORKDAYS.INTL(DATE(2014,7,1), DATE(2014,7,25),7, {"2014/7/2","2014/7/3"})

Tr v 17 ngy lm vic trong tng lai. Cng khong thi gian nh trong vi d ngay trn, nhng
vi Ch nht v Th t l ngy cui tun:

=NETWORKDAYS.INTL(DATE(2014,7,1), DATE(2014,7,25),"0010001",
{"2014/7/2","2014/7/3"})

NOW

Tr v ngy thng nm v gi pht giy hin hnh

C php: =NOW()

Hm ny khng c thng s no km theo.

Kt qu ca hm NOW l mt con s, i din cho ngy thng nm v thi gian ca h thng lc

va nhp xong cng thc.

Lu :

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Khng phi lc no hm TODAY v NOW cng cho ra mt kt qu nh nhau, m mi khi

bn sa cha bng tnh, g mt cng thc khc, tnh ton li bng tnh, hoc m li bng
tnh... th hm TODAY v NOW s cp nht theo ngy gi ca h thng.
S khc nhau gia hai hm ny chnh l:
TODAY ngha l hm nay, m lc 7 gi sng hay 9 gi 30 ti th cng l hm nay. Kt
qu ca TODAY vo nhng lc khc nhau trong ngy s ging nhau.
NOW ngha l chinh lc ny, l lc ta va nhp xong NOW v nhn Enter... Kt qu ca
NOW vo nhng lc khc nhau trong ngy s khc nhau.

V d: Hm nay vo lc ny l chiu 16/05/2014 13:58, hm =NOW() s cho ra con s

41775.58. xem c theo dng "d nhn", bn chi cn inh dng li theo kiu dd/mm/yyyy
hh:mm:ss chng hn.

SECOND

Cho bit s chi giy trong mt gi tri thi gian

C php: =SECOND(serial_number)

serial_number: Biu thc thi gian hoc l mt con s chi gi tri thi gian

V d: =SECOND("2:45:30 PM") 30 (giy)

TIME

Tr v mt gi tri thi gian no o

C php: =TIME(hour, minute, second)

hour: S chi gi, l mt con s t 0 n 23. Nu ln hn 23, Excel s t tr i mt bi s ca 24.

minute: S chi pht, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh li v tng s gi

ln tng ng.

second: S chi giy, l mt con s t 0 n 59. Nu ln hn 59, Excel s tnh li v tng s pht,
s gi ln tng ng.

V d:
=TIME(14, 45, 30) = 2:45:30 PM
=TIME(14, 65, 30) = 3:05:30 PM
=TIME(25, 85, 75) = 2:26:15 AM

Cng nh DATE, hm TIME rt hu dng khi hour, minute, second l nhng cng thc m khng
phi l mt con s, n s gip chng ta tinh ton chinh xc hn.

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TIMEVALUE

Chuyn i mt chui vn bn c dng thi gian thnh mt gi tri thi gian c th tnh ton
c

C php: =TIMEVALUE(time_text)

time_text: Chui vn bn cn chuyn i

V d: =TIMEVALUE("26:15") = 0.09375 (= 2:15:00 AM)

TODAY

Tr v ngy thng nm hin hnh

C php: =TODAY()

Hm ny khng c thng s no km theo.

Kt qu ca hm TODAY l mt con s, i din cho ngy thng nm hin hnh, vi thi gian
c ngm hiu l 0 gi (na m).

V d: Hm nay l ngy 16/05/2014, hm =TODAY() s cho ra con s 41775.00, xem c

theo dng "d nhn", bn chi cn inh dng li dd/mm/yyyy.

YEAR

Cho bit s chi nm trong mt gi tri ngy thng

C php: =YEAR(serial_number)

serial_number: Biu thc ngy thng hoc l mt con s chi gi tri ngy thng

V d: Hm nay l ngy 5/5/2014. Bn g vo =YEAR(TODAY()) 2014

Tnh t l ca mt khong thi gian so vi mt nm

Trong cng vic hng ngy, chc hn chng ta hay ngh n chuyn vic lm ny ca mnh mt

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ht my phn trm ca mt nm, vi d, mt ngy ng ht 6 ting, l 1/4 ngy, vy mt nm chng

ta ng ht 25% (hic) thi gian...

Hoc mt nhn vin ca cng ty xin nghi vic vo thng 5, lng tinh theo nm, vy cng ty phi
tr cho ngi o bao nhiu phn trm lng khi cho nghi vic?

Excel c mt hm tnh t l ca mt khong thi gian trong mt nm, v cho php tnh theo
nhiu kiu (nm 365 ngy, hay nm 360 ngy, tinh theo kiu M hay theo kiu chu u...):

YEARFRAC

Tr v mt phn ca nm chinh l s ngy gia start_date v end_date. (Tnh t l ca mt khong

thi gian so vi mt nm)

C php: =YEARFRAC(start_date, end_date [, basis])

start_date, end_date: Ngy thng i din cho ngy bt u v ngy kt thc ca khong thi
gian cn tnh ton. Nn nhp bng hm DATE, hoc dng mt kt qu tr v ca mt cng thc
khc, v c th s xy ra li nu bn nhp trc tip ngy thng di dng text.

basis: Mt con s, quy inh kiu tnh:

0 : (hoc khng nhp) Tnh ton theo kiu Bc M, mt nm co 360 ngy chia cho 12
thng, mt thng c 30 ngy.
1 : Tnh ton theo s ngy thc t ca nm v s ngy thc t ca tng thng
2 : Tnh ton theo mt nm co 360 ngy, nhng s ngy l s ngy thc t ca tng thng
3 : Tnh ton theo mt nm co 365 ngy, v s ngy l s ngy thc t ca tng thng
4 : Tnh ton theo kiu Chu u,mi thng c 30 ngy (nu start_date hoc end_date m
ri vo ngy 31 ca mt thng th chng s c i thnh ngy 30 ca thng o).

V d: Tnh t l gia ngy 15/3/2007 v ngy 30/7/2007 so vi 1 nm:

=YEARFRAC("15/3/2007", "30/7/2007") = 37%

WEEKDAY

Cho bit s th t ca ngy trong tun

C php: =WEEKDAY(serial_number [, return_type])

serial_number: Biu thc ngy thng hoc l mt con s chi gi tri ngy thng

return_type: Chn kiu kt qu tr v

return_type = 1 (mc inh): Ch Nht l 1 (th By l 7)
return_type = 2: Th Hai l 1 (Ch Nht l 7)
return_type = 3: Th Hai l 0 (Ch Nht l 6)

V d: Hm nay l ngy 03/01/2008

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=WEEKDAY(TODAY()) 5
=WEEKDAY(TODAY(), 2) 4
=WEEKDAY(TODAY(), 3) 3

Tm mt ngy, mt thng, mt nm no tnh t hm nay

Nu bit kt hp nhng hm ti a trnh by trn, bn s thy rt d dng xc inh mt

ngy, mt thng, mt nm no o tinh t hm nay (hoc t bt k mt ngy no)

V d, bn mun bit Quc Khnh nm sau l th my ?

= WEEKDAY(DATE(2008, 9, 2)) = 3 (th Ba)

Nm 2008 mi c c my ngy, c nhiu ngi cha kip sa thi quen, vn dng 2007 (!),
vy th dng cng thc ny, xc inh lun s nm l nm nay (cho chc n):
= WEEKDAY(DATE(YEAR(TODAY()), 9, 2)) = 3 (th Ba)

V d khc, hm nay l ngy 04/01/2008, 34 ngy na l ngy no:

= DATE(YEAR(TODAY()), MONTH(TODAY()), DAY(TODAY()) + 34) = 07/02/2008 (Mng
Mt Tt Mu T)

Ni cho vui thi, ci cng thc trn di lm (th no cng co ngi ci), o l ti vi d cch kt
hp hm, cn nu chi cn bit 34 ngy na l ngy no, ta chi cn cng thc ny:
= TODAY() + 34

Xc nh mt ngy da vo tun v th

C nhng ngy l trong nm trong ri vo mt ngy nht inh, m n ty thuc vo ngy th my

trong mt tun l no o ca mt thng. V d, M, Ngy Lao ng (Labor Day) lun l ngy
th Hai (Monday) ca tun th nht ca thng 9, o l ngy my ca thng 9 nm nay? Hoc, nu
bn l ngi Cng Gio, c th bn bit Ch Nht Truyn Gio l Ch Nht th hai ca thng 10,
nhng bn khng bit nm nay no l ngy my ca thng 10...

Vit Nam, th hnh nh khng co ngy l no tnh theo kiu nh vy. Tuy nhin, c th c lc
no o, bn c d tnh s i Nha-Trang chi vo Ch Nht cui thng ca thng 6 chng hn, bn
mun bit hm o s ngy bao nhiu...

Gi lich ra th d ri, nhng dng Excel c khng? Chng ta cng th nh.

Chng ta a co Thng v Nm ri, vy th dng ngy u thng tnh ti thm bao nhiu ngy.

Ti s dng cng thc c dng sau:

= DATE(Nm, Thng, 1) + s ngy cng thm

Vn l ch tnh cho ra s ngy cng thm ny. Ta s da vo Th (weekday).

Mt tun th c 7 ngy. trn, ta dng ngy 1 ca thng lm mc tnh, vy ta s xc inh xem

ci Th ca ngy cn tm th ln hn hay nho hn Th ca ngy 1 (ti dng "ln hn" hay "nho

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hn" l mun dng s, v d th Nm th nho hn th By nhng ln hn th Ba); sau o da

vo s Th chnh lch ny tm ra s ngy cn phi cng thm, tnh t ngy 1.

Nu Th ca ngy cn tm nho hn Th ca ngy 1 (ca thng), ta s ly 7 tr i Th ca ngy 1

ri cng thm Th ca ngy cn tm:
7 - WEEKDAY(DATE(Nm, Thng, 1)) + Th

Ch Th in nghing trn l con s chi Th ca ngy ta cn tm.

V d, mun tm ngy th Hai trong tun u tin ca thng 9 nm nay, th cng thc trn s l:

7 - WEEKDAY(DATE(2008, 9, 1)) + 2

Nu Th ca ngy cn tm ln hn Th ca ngy 1 (ca thng), ta s ly Th ca ngy cn tm tr

i Th ca ngy 1:

Th - WEEKDAY(DATE(Nm, Thng, 1))

Cng vi d trn, mun tm ngy th Hai trong tun u tin ca thng 9 nm nay, th cng thc
ny s l:

2 - WEEKDAY(DATE(2008, 9, 1))

S ngy cng thm s l kt qu co c ca mt trong hai ci "Nu" m ti va trnh by. Chng

ta s dng IF() vit cng thc cho hai trng hp "Nu" o, v cng thc u tin ca bi ny
by gi s c dng nh sau (ti xung hng d nhn):

= DATE(Nm, Thng, 1)
+ IF(Th < WEEKDAY(DATE(Nm, Thng, 1)), 7 - WEEKDAY(DATE(Nm, Thng, 1))
+ Th, Th - WEEKDAY(DATE(Nm, Thng, 1)))

V y l cng thc tnh ngy th Hai trong tun u tin ca thng 9 nm nay l ngy my:

= DATE(2008, 9, 1) + IF(2 < WEEKDAY(DATE(2008, 9, 1)), 7 - WEEKDAY(DATE(2008, 9,

1)) + 2, 2 - WEEKDAY(DATE(2008, 9, 1)))

Xong ri ? Cha, bn . Cng thc trn chi ng cho ngy cn tm nm trong tun u tin ca
thng thi. Ti ang lm cho vi d tm ngy th Hai trong tun u tin ca thng 9 nm nay m...

Tun th hai cng thm 7 ngy na, tun th ba cng thm 14 ngy na... Vy s ngy cn cng
thm tun th n s l: (n - 1) * 7

Ri o, cng thc ca chng ta y:

= DATE(Nm, Thng, 1)
+ IF(Th < WEEKDAY(DATE(Nm, Thng, 1)), 7 - WEEKDAY(DATE(Nm, Thng, 1))
+ Th, Th - WEEKDAY(DATE(Nm, Thng, 1)))
+ (n - 1) * 7

Vi Nm, Thng l thng v nm cn tnh, Th, tun th n l nhng ci a bit.

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Ti thit k trong Excel mt ci bng tinh nh sau.

Cng thc va lm xong ti bo trong B7 ( a c inh dng theo kiu "dddd, dd mmmm,
yyyy"):

= DATE(B4, B3, 1) + IF(B2 < WEEKDAY(DATE(B4, B3, 1)), 7 - WEEKDAY(DATE(B4, B3,

1)) + B2, B2 - WEEKDAY(DATE(B4, B3, 1))) + (B1 - 1) * 7

C hai ci cng thc trong C2 v C4, dng hm CHOOSE minh ha cho con s trong ct B
tng ng.

Trong hnh, ti ang tinh th xem Ch Nht ca tun th ba ca thng Su nm nay l ngy my,
v ti c kt qu l ngy 15.

Sn o, ti tm lun Ch Nht cui thng 6 l ngy my, ti nhp B1 = 4, B2 = 1, B3 = 6, B4 =

2008, kt qu l ngy Ch Nht 22/6/2008.

Hnh nh cha phi Ch Nht cui thng, th thay B1 = 5, n ra Ch Nht 29/6/2008

C ci ny vui lm, ti tng lun B1 ln, bng 8 ( ni tun th 8 ca thng 6 !), th xem Excel
n cho ra bao nhiu. Kt qu l: Ch Nht 20/7/2008... Cng thc ny cng hay y ch, t ng
tnh ln, ch khng bo li...

Tnh ton vi ngy thng nm

Chng ta a bit rng, Excel quan nim ngy thng nm l mt dy nhng con s lin tc, vi 1 =
ngy 1/1/1900.

Cho nn mt trong nhng cch d dng nht tnh s ngy gia hai khong thi gian l ly ngy
ny tr i ngy kia, cn kt qu hin ra th no ph thuc vo inh dng ca nhn kt qu (tt
nht l inh dng s hoc General, v kt qu phi l mt con s th mi c l):
= Date1 - Date2

Bn cnh o, cn co cch s dng nhng hm ngy thng ca Excel:

Tnh tui (1):

Nu bn c mt ngy sinh nht trong mt a c t tn l Birthdate, bn s ngh rng cng
thc tnh tui n gin nh sau:
= YEAR(NOW() - YEAR(Birthdate)

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Nhng... nu tinh tui ngha l phi thng, nm, ngy, th cng thc trn chi ng
vi ngi no a t chc sinh nht ri trong nm nay, ch nu cha n sinh nht ca h, th kt
qu nhn c s ln hn gi tri thc ca n.

V d, hm nay l ngy 08/1/2008, ng rng 2008 - 1980 = 28, nhng nu ni bn no o sinh

ngy 30/12/1980 a 28 tui th... cng hi ti, phi khng ? Em mi c 27 tui my ngy thi,
cc bc ! V, cc bc bn bo him nhn th cng ngh nh th o!

tnh tui chnh xc, chng ta lm mt biu thc logic so snh th xem ngy sinh nht vi
ngy hm nay, ngy no ln hn:
= DATE(YEAR(NOW()), MONTH(Birthdate), DAY(Birthdate)) > TODAY()

Biu thc trn s cho ra kt qu l TRUE nu ng v FALSE nu sai.

TRUE, ngha l ngy sinh nht "ln hn" hm nay, hay co ngha l cha ti ngy sinh nht; v
FALSE l ngc li.

V chng ta cng a bit rng, trong Excel, TRUE tng ng vi gi tri 1, v FALSE th
tng ng vi gi tri 0.

Li dng chinh im ny, ta s ghp biu thc trn vo cng thc ly nm tr nm a lm hi

ny:
= YEAR(NOW() - YEAR(Birthdate) - (DATE(YEAR(NOW()), MONTH(Birthdate),
DAY(Birthdate)) > TODAY())

Ngha l, nu sinh nht a qua, th ly nm nay tr i nm sinh ra l ng, cn khng th phi tr

i 1. Ai bo lp cng thc tnh tui l n gin nhi!

WEEKNUM

Cho bit s th t ca tun trong nm

C php: =WEEKNUM(serial_number [, return_type])

serial_number: Biu thc ngy thng hoc l mt con s chi gi tri ngy thng

return_type: Chn kiu tr v (ty thuc vo cch chn ngy u tin trong tun)
return_type = 1 (mc inh): Ch Nht l ngy u tun
return_type = 2: Th Hai l ngy u tun

V d: Th xem ngy hnh phc ca ANHPHUONG nm vo tun no trong nm nay...

=WEEKNUM("06/01/2008") 2
=WEEKNUM("06/01/2008", 2) 1

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WORKDAY

Tr v ngy lm vic trc hay sau mt ngy xc inh v s ngy cho trc (khng bao gm cc
ngy l hay ngy cui tun: th by v ch nht).

C php: =WORKDAY(start_day, days [, holidays])

start_day: Ngy lm mc tnh.

days: S ngy lm vic trc hoc sau start_day. Dng days > 0 cho s ngy lm vic ca mt d
n cha hon thnh, dng days < 0 cho s ngy lm vic ca mt d n a kt thc.

holidays: Danh sch cc ngy nghi. C th g trc tip mt ngy c th, trong trng hp c nhiu
ngy th cc ngy cch nhau bng du phy, v t tt c trong mt cp du mc {}.

V d:
tnh s ngy lm vic cho mt d n 30 ngy. tnh t hm nay, ta dng cng thc:

=WORKDAY(TODAY(), 30)

Tnh ngy hon thnh ca mt d n 30 ngy, khi cng ngy 1/12/2007, trong o nghi ngy Noel
(25/12) v ngy u nm (01/01/2008), dng cng thc:

=WORKDAY("1/12/2007", 30, {"25/12/2007", "1/1/2008"})

WORKDAY.INTL (Excel 2010)

Tr v s s-ri ca ngy trc hoc sau mt s ngy lm vic a xc inh, vi cc tham s ngy
cui tun ty chinh. Tham s ngy cui tun cho bit nhng ngy no v co bao nhiu ngy l
ngy cui tun. Ngy cui tun v bt k ngy no a xc inh l ngy l s khng c coi l
ngy lm vic.

C php: =WORKDAY.INTL(start_date, days, [weekend], [holidays])

Start_date Bt buc. Ngy bt u, c ct ct tr thnh s nguyn.

Days Bt buc. S ngy lm vic trc hoc sau start_date. Gi tri dng cho kt qu l mt
ngy trong tng lai; gi tri m cho kt qu l mt ngy trong qu kh; gi tri 0 cho kt qu l
start_date. Day-offset s c ct ct tr thnh mt s nguyn.

Weekend Ty chn. Cho bit nhng ngy no trong tun l ngy cui tun v khng c coi
l ngy lm vic. Weekend l mt s ca ngy cui tun hoc mt chui chi r khi no th din ra
ngy cui tun.

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Cc gi tri s ca ngy cui tun cho bit cc ngy cui tun sau y:

S CUA NGAY CUI TUN NGAY CUI TUN

1 hoc bo qua Th by, Ch nht

2 Ch nht, Th hai

3 Th hai, Th ba

4 Th ba, Th t

5 Th t, Th nm

6 Th nm, Th su

7 Th su, Th by

11 Chi Ch nht

12 Chi Th hai

13 Chi Th ba

14 Chi Th t

15 Chi Th nm

16 Chi Th su

17 Chi Th by

Cc gi tri chui ngy cui tun di by k t v mi mt k t trong chui biu thi mt ngy
trong tun, bt u t th hai. 1 th hin mt ngy nghi v 0 th hin mt ngy lm vic. Chi nhng
k t 1 v 0 c s dng trong chui. 1111111 l mt chui khng hp l.

Vi d, 0000011 s cho kt qu ngy cui tun l Th by v Ch nht.

Holidays Ty chn. Mt tp hp ty chn gm mt hoc nhiu ngy cn c tr khoi lich ngy

lm vic. Holidays s l mt phm vi cha ngy hoc mt hng s mng gm cc gi tri s-ri
biu thi cc ngy o. Co th ty sp xp th t ca ngy hoc cc gi tri s-ri trong i s
holidays.

Lu :
Nu start_date nm ngoi phm vi gi tri c bn ca ngy hin ti, hm WORKDAY.INTL
tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu bt k ngy no trong i s holidays nm ngoi phm vi gi tri c bn ca ngy hin
ti, hm WORKDAY.INTL tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu start_date cng vi day-offset to kt qu l mt ngy khng hp l, hm
WORKDAY.INTL tr v gi tri li #NUM!.

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Nu mt chui ngy cui tun co chiu di khng hp l hoc cha cc k t khng hp

l, hm WORKDAY.INTL tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.

V d:

Tm mt gi, pht, giy no tnh t lc ny

Nh a noi trn, hm TIME s t ng iu chinh kt qu ca mt gi tri thi gian khi nhng

thng s trong hm khng hp l (gi > 24, pht v giy > 60). V do o, khi cn tinh ton hoc
tm mt gi tri thi gian no o k t lc ny (hoc bt k lc no), ngi ta thng s dng hm
TIME.

Vi d, cng thc sau y s cho ra kt qu l thi gian vo 12 ting na k t lc ny:

=TIME(HOUR(NOW()) + 12, MINUTE(NOW()), SECOND(NOW()))

Khng ging nh hm DATE, bn khng th n gin cng thm gi, pht, hay giy trong hm
TIME. V d cng thc sau y chi lm mi chuyn l tng thm 1 ngy vo ngy thng nm v
thi gian hin ti:
= NOW() + 1

Nu bn mun cng thm gi, pht, hay giy vo mt gi tri thi gian, bn phi tinh thi gian cng
thm o theo mt t l ca mt ngy. Vi d, bi v mt ngy th co 24 gi, nn mt gi c tinh
nh l 1/24. Cng vy, bi v mt gi th co 60 pht, nn mt pht s c tinh nh l 1/24/60

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(ca mt ngy). V cui cng, bi v co 60 giy trong mt pht, nn 1 giy trong mt ngy s c
tinh bng 1/24/60/60.

Bng sau y s hng dn cch cng thm n gi, pht, hay giy vo mt gi tri thi gian:

Tnh tng thi gian

Khi tinh tng thi gian, bn nn phn bit hai trng hp sau y:
Cng thm gi, pht, giy: Vi d, by gi l 8 gi, cng thm 2 ting na, l 10 gi...
Hoc by gi l 23 gi, cng thm 3 ting na l 2 gi sng (ch khng phi 26
gi)... Nu cng kiu ny th bn c cng bnh thng, dng hm TIME v nu cn
th theo bng hng dn trn.
Cng tng thi gian lm vic: Mi ngy ti lm vic 18 ting, vy hai ngy ti lm
my ting? l 36 ting. Nhng nu bn dng format bnh thng dng thi gian th
Excel no s t quy ra (36-24) = 12:00... c kt qu l 36:00, bn phi inh
dng thi gian cho theo kiu:

[h]:mm:ss (gi nm trong mt cp du ngoc vung)

Lp bng chm cng v tnh lng

Hnh di y l mt bng chm cng v tinh lng a hon chinh. Bng chm cng ny c
tinh 7 ngy mt ln (tng ng vi 1 tun), lng tinh theo gi (lm bao nhiu gi hng by
nhiu tin, ban ngy cng nh ban m), co phn tinh ring nu lm vt s gi quy inh hoc
lm vo th By, Ch Nht; v nu lm vo ngy nghi l, cng c tinh lng ring.

Trc khi bt u thc hin, xin noi s qua mt cht:

Gi lm vic theo quy nh: l s gi lm vic ti thiu trong mt tun c

hng lng c bn, chi tinh tng s gi m khng phn bit l lm ban ngy hay ban
m
Gi lm vic ngoi gi: l s gi lm vic vt s gi lm ti thiu, hoc lm vo
ngy Th By, Ch Nht
Gi lm vic trong ngy ngh: l s gi lm vic trong nhng ngy nghi l theo quy
inh ( VN l 1/1, Tt C Truyn, 30/4, 1/5, Gi t Hng Vng, 2/9)

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Nhp s liu

Chng ta s cung cp cho bng tinh ny nhng s liu sau ( phn bng phia trn):
Tn nhn vin...
S gi lm vic theo quy nh trong tun: L s gi lm vic ti thiu trong
mt tun tinh lng c bn. Nhp theo dng hh:mm. y, D3 dng inh
dng l [hh]:mm hin thi chinh xc s gi ( D3, = 40:00, tc 40 gi mi
tun)
Lng c bn mi gi: L s tin tr cho mi gi lm vic ( D4, = 50.000)
Mc lng lm ngoi gi so vi lng c bn: L h s nhn vi lng c
bn tinh cho s gi lm vic ngoi gi ( D5, = 1.5, tc gp ri lng c
bn)
Mc lng lm vo ngy ngh l so vi lng c bn: L h s nhn vi
lng c bn tinh cho s gi lm vic trong nhng ngy nghi l ( D6, = 2,
tc gp i lng c bn)

phn bng tinh ton s gi lm vic, chng ta cn cung cp s liu cho nhng ct sau:
Date: Ngy trong tun, c inh dng theo kiu dddd mmm dd, yyyy (chi cn
nhp ngy, Excel s t ng in th vo)
Gi bt u vo lm vic: L gi bt u lm vic trong ngy (khng nht
thit phi l mt gi no c inh)
Gi n tra: L gi bt u nghi gia gi n ( y dng ch "n tra"
nhng khng nht thit phi l bui tra, chinh xc l gi nghi gii lao n)
Gi bt u lm sau n tra: L gi lm vic tip, sau khi a n v nghi gia
gi
Gi ra v: L gi kt thc lm vic

Lp cng thc tnh ton (cho hng 9, sau o ko cng thc xung thm 6 hng na - cc trong
khi cell F9:I15 u c inh dng theo kiu [hh]:mm)

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u tin, tinh Tng s gi lm vic trong mt ngy (ct F):

Ta thy rng, nu gi lm vic l ban ngy hon ton, th s gi ra v (ct E) ln hn s gi vo

lm (ct B); nhng nu lm ca m, th s gi ra v (ct E) co th s nho hn s gi vo lm (ct
B, v co th ngi o ra v vo sng hm sau), do o, cng thc ca chng ta s l:
IF(E9 < B9, 1 + E9 - B9, E9 - B9)

Ngi cng nhn ny co th s nghi gia gi n, nghi gii lao, chng ta phi tr s gi ny ra,
cng theo suy lun nh trn:
IF(D9 < C9, 1 + D9 - C9, D9 - C9)

Vy cng thc tinh tng s gi lm vic trong ngy s l ( F9):

=IF(E9 < B9, 1 + E9 - B9, E9 - B9) - IF(D9 < C9, 1 + D9 - C9, D9 - C9)

Tip theo, chng ta nhy sang tnh s gi lm vic ngoi gi (ct H). y ta chi xt nu lm
vo th By hoc Ch Nht thi, cn nu lm vt s gi quy inh, s tinh sau. (ti H9)
=IF(OR(WEEKDAY(A9) = 7, WEEKDAY(A9) = 1), F9, 0)

Dng hm WEEKEND() d Th ca ct A, nu ri vo ngy th By hoc Ch Nht th ly s

gi a tinh c ct F, cn khng th thi.

Tip tc, sang ct I, ta tnh s gi lm vic trong nhng ngy ngh l. Gi s ta a co mt danh
sch nhng ngy nghi l theo quy inh (1/1, 30/4, v.v...), v danh sch ny l mt vng a c
t tn l HOLIDAYS. Ly ngy ct A em d vi danh sch ny, nu trng vi ngy nghi th
ly s gi tinh c ct F, cn khng th thi. y ti dng cng thc mng: (ti I9)
={=SUM(IF(A9 = HOLIDAYS, 1, 0)) * F9}

Cui cng, quay li ct G, ta s co s gi lm vic theo quy nh s l tng s gi lm vic tr i

s gi lm vic ngoi gi v s gi lm vic trong nhng ngy nghi: (ti G9)

=F9 - H9 - I9

Tnh tng s gi lm vic trong tun (khi cell goc di bn tri)

S gi lm vic trong tun (B18) l tng s gi lm vic trong tun m cha xt n s gi quy
inh hay s gi lm ngoi gi (ct F): (ti B18)
=SUM(F9:F15)

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Hm Ngy Thng & Thi Gian (Date And Time Functions) Gii Php Excel | 92

S gi lm theo quy nh (B19): D3, ta a nhp s gi lm theo quy inh (= 40), em s gi

lm theo quy inh ca nhn vin ny (ct G) so vi s D3, ta co cng thc: (ti B19)
=IF(SUM(G9:G15) > D3, D3, SUM(G9:G15))

Nu tng s gi lm vic ca ngi ny nhiu hn s gi a quy inh D3, th ly bng s gi

quy inh (cn d s chuyn sang s gi lm ngoi gi), cn nu khng th ly chinh ci tng s
gi lm vic ny.

S gi lm ngoi gi (B20) l s gi lm trong nhng ngy th By v Ch Nht (ct H), cng

vi s d ca s gi lm theo quy inh (nu c): (ti B20)
=SUM(H9:H15) + IF(SUM(G9:G15) > D3, SUM(G9:G15) - D3, "0:00")

Cui cng, s gi lm trong ngy ngh l (B21) chinh l tng ca s gi lm ni ct I: (ti B20)
=SUM(I9:)

Tnh lng (khi cell goc di bn phi)

Lng c bn (F18): Ly tng s gi lm vic theo quy inh B19, nhn vi mc lng c bn
D4 l ra ch g?

Ta th nh: B19 ang l 40:00, v D4 = $ 50,000.00; vy F18 = B19 * D4 = $ 83,333.33 ... Ci

g k th ny ? Sao li co s l, v sao it th?

y l ci sai lm rt nhiu ngi mc phi. Nhc li, inh dng trong B19 ang l dng [hh]:mm,
ngha l inh dng thi gian, ch khng phi l mt con s. Gi tri ca 40:00 chinh l 1.666666667
ch khng phi l 40 !

Khi gp nhng gi tri thi gian ny, bn phi nhn no vi 24 (l s gi co trong 1 ngy) quy
i no tr thnh mt con s thc (real number):

Vy cng thc trong F18 phi l:

=B19 * D4 * 24 (= $ 2,000,000.00) Ta nhm th nh: 40 gi x 50.000 / gi = 2 triu

Lng ngoi gi (F19): Tng t F18, ly s gi lm ngoi gi (B20) nhn vi lng c bn

(D4) v nhn vi h s ca lng ngoi gi (D5), v nh nhn vi 24:
=B20 * D4 * D5 * 24 (= $ 900,000.00)

Lng ngy ngh (F20): Tng t F19, ly s gi lm ngy nghi (B21) nhn vi lng c bn
(D4) v nhn vi h s ca lng ngy nghi (D6), v nhn vi 24:
=B21 * D4 * D6 * 24 (= $ 875,000.00)

Tng lng trong tun (F21): Ci ny th qu d ri, ly 3 con s lng trn cng li:
=F18 + F19 + F20 (= $ 3,775,000.00)

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II.4. HM D TM V THAM CHIU (LOOKUP FUNCTIONS)

ADDRESS

Dng to ia chi dng text, theo chi s dng v chi s ct c cung cp.

C php: =ADDRESS(row_num, column_num [, abs_num] [, a1] [, sheet_text])

row_num: S th t dng ca ia chi

column_num: S th t ct ca ia chi

abs_num: Kiu ia chi (tuyt i hay tng i) - mc inh l tuyt i

a1: Dng ia chi (=TRUE: dng A1; =FALSE: dng R1C1) - mc inh l TRUE

sheet_text: Tn ca sheet cha ia chi - mc inh l khng c

V d:

AREAS

Tr v s vng tham chiu trong mt tham chiu. Mi vng tham chiu c th l mt ri rc

hoc l mt dy lin tc trong bng tnh.

C php: =AREAS(reference)

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reference: L mt hoc nhiu vng tham chiu m bn cn m. Nu mun a nhiu vng ri

rc nhau vo cng thc th bn phn cch chng bng du phy, nu khng ngn bng du phy,
Excel s khng m.

V d:

CHOOSE

y l mt trong nhng hm d tm n gin nht, thng dng chn mt gi tri trong mt

danh sch.

C php: =CHOOSE(index_num, value1, [value2]...)

index_num : L vi tr ca gi tri cn tr v trong danh sch. V d, index_num = 1 th ly gi

tri value1; index_num bng 2 th ly gi tri value2...Index_Num phi l mt s nguyn (hoc l
mt cng thc l p s l s nguyn), v trong khong t 1 n 29

value : Danh sch cc gi tri chn. Ti a l 29. Nhng gi tri ny c th l con s, l chui, l
mt vng tham chiu, l mt cng thc, l mt hm...

V d:
Cng thc =SUM(CHOOSE(a, A1:D1, A2:D2, A3:D3))

C ngha l: Nu a bng 1, th ly tng ca A1:D1, nu a bng 2 th ly tng ca A2:D2, nu a bng

3 th ly tng ca A3:D3

COLUMN

Tr v s th t ct ca u tin gc trn bn tri ca vng tham chiu.

C php: =COLUMN(reference)

reference: L hoc mt vng nhiu . Nu reference bo trng th COLUMN tr v s th t ct

ca cha cng thc.

V d:
=COLUMN(A10) 1
=COLUMN(Y5:Z6) 25

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COLUMNS

Tr v s ct ca vng tham chiu.

C php: =COLUMNS(array)

array: L hoc mt vng nhiu , mng tham chiu

V d:
=COLUMNS(A10:C30) 3

FORMULATEXT (Excel 2013)

Tr v cng thc dng chui.

C php: =FORMULATEXT(reference)

Reference Bt buc. Tham chiu n mt hoc phm vi .

Lu :
Hm FORMULATEXT tr v nhng g c hin thi trong thanh cng thc nu bn chn
c tham chiu.
i s Reference c th l tham chiu n trang tnh hay s lm vic khc.
Nu i s Reference l tham chiu n s lm vic khc ang khng m, hm
FORMULATEXT tr v gi tri li #N/A.
Nu i s Reference l tham chiu n ton b mt hng hoc ct, hoc n phm vi hay
tn a xc inh cha nhiu , th hm FORMULATEXT s tr v gi tri trong ngoi cng
phia trn bn tri ca hng, ct hoc phm vi o.
Trong cc trng hp sau, hm FORMULATEXT tr v gi tri li #N/A:
c dng lm i s Reference khng cha cng thc.
Cng thc trong di hn 8192 k t.
Cng thc khng th c hin thi trong trang tnh do ch bo v trang tnh.
Workbook khc cha cng thc khng m.
Kiu d liu khng hp l c dng lm u vo s to ra gi tri li #VALUE! .
Nhp tham chiu n trong o bn nhp hm lm i s s khng dn n cnh bo tham
chiu vng. FORMULATEXT s tr v thnh cng cng thc dng vn bn trong .

V d: Ct B hin thi cc cng thc s dng trong ct A bng hm FormulaText

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HLOOKUP

Hm HLOOKUP s d tm mt ct (column) cha gi tri m bn cn tm hng u tin (trn

cng) ca mt bng d liu (ch H trong HLOOKUP co ngha l horizontal), nu tm thy, n s
tm tip trong ct ny, v s ly gi tri hng m bn a chi inh trc.

C php: =HLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, row_index_num [, range_lookup])

lookup_value: Gi tri dng tm kim trong hng u tin ca table_array, gi tri ny c th l

mt s, mt chui, hoc l mt tham chiu

table_array: Bng dng d tm, c th l mt vng tham chiu hoc l tn (name) ca mt

vng a c t tn

col_index_num: S th t ca cc hng trong table_array, cha kt qu m bn mun tm kim.

col_index_num S th t ny c tnh t trn xung (hng cha lookup_value l hng th nht)

range_lookup: L mt gi tri kiu Borlean, chi kiu tm kim: chinh xc hay tng i.

TRUE (hoc 1 - mc inh): L kiu d tm tng i. HLOOKUP s tm gi tri

range_lookup u tin m no tm c trong hng u tin ca table_array trong trng
hp khng c, n s ly gi tri ln nht m nho hn range_lookup

FALSE (hoc 0): L kiu d tm chnh xc, HLOOKUP s tm chnh xc gi tri

range_lookup trong hng u tin ca table_array trong trng hp khng c, hoc
range_lookup nho hn gi tri nho nht trong hng u tin ca table_array, n s bo li
#N/A!

V d:

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HYPERLINK

Dng to mt kt ni, mt lin kt m mt ti liu...

C php: =HYPERLINK(link_location, friendly_name)

link_location: ng dn n ti liu cn m, nhp dng chui k t. Link_location c th chi

n mt c bit, tn ca mt dy trong mt trang bng tnh hoc mt bng tnh, hoc chi n
mt nh du (bookmark) trong Microsoft Excel. Link_location cng co th chi n mt tp tin
lu trn cng, hoc mt ng dn truy xut ni b trn mt my ch hoc mt ng dn ti
nguyn URL trn mng intranet, internet.

Link_location: c th l mt chui k t t trong du nhy kp, hoc mt no o cha ng

dn di dng chui k t.
Nu link_location lin kt n mt ti nguyn khng tn ti, s xut hin li khi bn kch vo
cha hm HYPERLINK ny.

firendly_name: L ni dung hin thi trong cha hm HYPERLINK, c th l mt s, hoc chui

k t. Ni dung ny s hin thi bng mu xanh v c gch chn, nu khng c firendly_name th
chnh link_location s hin thi.

Firendly_name: c th l mt gi tri, mt chui k t, mt tn mng, hoc mt lin kt n mt

gi tri hoc mt chui vn bn. Nu firendly_name lin kt n mt gi tri bi li, th chnh tn ci
li o s c hin thi thay th cho ni dung bn cn.

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V d:
=HYPERLINK("http://example.microsoft.com/report/budget report.xls", "Click for report")
s hin thi: Click for report, v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh budget report.xls ca
trang web http://example.microsoft.com/report

=HYPERLINK("F:\GPE\book2.xls",F10)

s hin thi ni dung ca F10 v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh book2.xls th
mc GPE ca F

=HYPERLINK("F:\GPE\book2.xls",F10)

s hin thi ni dung ca F10 v khi bn click vo ny, Excel s m bng tnh book2.xls th
mc GPE ca F

Nu bn a tng dng c php URL khi chn lin kt trong din n:

HYPERLINK(link_location) tng t nh [url]link_location[/url]

HYPERLINK(link_location,friendly_name) tng t nh [url=link_location]friendly_name[/url]

INDEX

Tr v mt gi tri hoc mt tham chiu ti mt gi tri ca mt bng (hoc mt mng).

Hm INDEX c hai dng: dng MNG v dng THAM CHIU. Dng mng lun lun tr v gi
tri hoc mng cc gi tri; cn dng tham chiu lun lun tr v kt qu l mt tham chiu.

Index Dng Mng

C php: =INDEX(array, row_num, column_num)

array: L mt dy hoc l mt hng mng.

Nu array chi c mt dng hoc mt ct, th row_num hay column_num tng ng l ty chn.

Nu array c nhiu hn mt dng hoc nhiu hn mt ct, v chi c hoc l row_num hoc l
column_num c s dng, INDEX s tr v ton b dng hay ct ca array.

row_num: Dng trong array ly gi tri tr v. Nu bo qua row_num th buc phi c

column_num.

column_num: Ct trong array ly gi tri tr v. Nu bo qua column_num th buc phi c

row_num.

Lu :
Nu hai i s column_num v row_num u s dng, INDEX s tr v gi tri ca l
giao im ca column_num v row_num.

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Nu t row_num=0, INDEX s tr v mt mng cc gi tri l ton b ct; v ngc li,

nu t column_num=0, INDEX s tr v mt mng cc gi tri l ton b dng.
kt qu tr v l cc gi tri di dng mng, cn nhp INDEX theo dng cng thc
mng, mng ngang cho dng v mng ng cho ct.
column_num v row_num phi chi ti mt trong mng, nu khng, INDEX s bo li
#REF!.

V d:

V d:

Index Dng Tham Chiu

C php: =INDEX(reference, row_num, column_num, area_num)

reference: L mt tham chiu ti mt hoc nhiu dy . Nu ang nhp mt dy gm nhiu

phn ri rc cho tham chiu, cn t day o trong cp du ngoc n.

Nu mi vng trong tham chiu chi c mt dng hoc mt ct, i s row_num hoc column_num
l ty chn, theo th t ny. V d, i vi tham chiu chi gm mt dng, dng c php:
INDEX(reference, ,column_num)

row_num: L chi s Dng trong tham chiu.

column_num: L chi s Ct trong tham chiu.

area_num: Chn mt dy trong tham chiu tr v giao im ca column_num v row_num

trong day o. Vng th nht c nh s l 1, vng th hai l 2, v.v... Nu bo qua area_num,
INDEX s mc inh dng vng 1.

V d, nu tham chiu m t cc (A1:B4, D1:E4, G1:H4), th vng 1 l dy A1:B4, vng 2 l

dy D1:E4, v vng 3 l dy G1:H4.

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Lu :
Sau khi reference v area_num a chn mt dy ring bit, row_num v column_num a
chn ring bit: row_num 1 l dng th nht trong dy, column_num 1 l ct th nht
trong dy, v.v... tham chiu c tr v bi INDEX l giao ca dng v ct.
Nu t row_num=0, INDEX s tr v tham chiu cho ton b ct; v ngc li, nu
t column_num=0, INDEX s tr v tham chiu cho ton b dng.
column_num, row_num v area_num phi chi ti mt bn trong tham chiu, nu khng,
INDEX s bo li #REF! Nu bo qua column_num v row_num, INDEX s tr v mt
vng trong tham chiu, c chi inh bi area_num.
Kt qu ca INDEX l mt tham chiu, nhng ty thuc vo cng thc s dng m gi tri
ca INDEX s c s dng di dng mt tham chiu hay mt gi tri. V d, cng thc
CELL("width", INDEX(A1:B2, 1, 2)) th tng ng vi CELL("width", B1): hm CELL
s dng tr v ca INDEX nh mt tham chiu . Nhng vi cng thc 2*INDEX(A1:B2,
1, 2) th gi tri tr v ca INDEX s c dich thnh mt gi tri trong B1.

V d:

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Tm tn da vo m s

Chng ta c bi ton sau:

Yu cu: nhp m s vo B2, B4 s c bit tn, da vo danh mc D3:E15

Xin nghi hai cch gii sau:

Cch 1. Dng hm VLOOKUP: ti B4

=VLOOKUP(B2, D3:E15, 2, FALSE)

Ly gi tri B2 i d vi ct u tin ca bng D3:E15, nu tm thy B2 hng no th ly gi tri

trn cng hng o trong ct th 2 ca bng D3:E15

Cch 2. Dng hm INDEX kt hp vi MATCH: ti B4

=INDEX(D3:E15, MATCH(B2, D3:D15, 0), 2)

Ly gi tri B2 i d trong khi cell D3:D15, tm vi tr ca hng cha B2 (trong khi cell
D3:D15)

D tm trong bng D3:E15, ly gi tri l giao nhau gia hng va tm c trn v ct th 2.

Tm tng doanh thu ca mt thng

Bi ton sau yu cu: Chn thng trong E9, E10 s cho bit doanh thu trong thng o

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Cng thc nghi: ti E10 =HLOOKUP(E9, B1:M7, 7, FALSE)

Ly gi tri E9 i d vi hng u tin ca bng B1:M7, nu tm thy E9 ct no th ly gi tri

trn cng ct o trong hng th 7 ca bng B1:M7

Dng bt c ct no d tm theo ct

Yu cu l tm Quantity ( ct C) da vo Number ( ct H)

Thot nhn qua, thy d tm theo ct... bn s ngh n VLOOKUP? Nhng khng c, ct H
nm sau ct C!

Vy nn phi dng cch khc, xin gi cng thc trong B2 l kt hp INDEX v MATCH:
=INDEX(C6:C13, MATCH(B1, H6:H13, 0))

Ly gi tri B1 i d trong khi cell H6:H13, tm vi tr ca hng cha gi tri B1 (trong H6:H13),
v d hng th 5

D tm trong khi cell C6:C13, ly gi tri hng th 5... (l 75)

D tm va theo hng va theo ct

Thng th chng ta hay d tm da theo mt ct hoc mt hng. Tuy nhin, trong vi trng hp,
chng ta phi d tm va theo mt hng va theo mt ct, v kt qu l kt hp ca c hai ci o.

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Ngi ta gi trng hp ny l Row-and-Column Lookups.

d hiu hn, cc bn xem v d sau:

Cng l bng tinh a gii thiu v d Dng bt c ct no d tm theo ct, nhng yu cu th

khc. bi trc, ngi ta chi yu cu cho bit Quantity (ct C) da vo Number (ct H), cn bi
ny, ngi ta mun bit tt c nhng ci trn hng tiu (Division, Description, Quantity, Cost...)
ca Number ( ct H) l g...

V d: vi Number = D-178, th Division = 4, Description = Gangley Pliers, Quantity = 57, Cost

= $10.47, v.v...

B1 l mt ci Data Validation List (tm hiu l danh sch) ca H7:H14, v B2 l mt ci

Data Validation List ca A6:H6

Da vo B1 v B2, cho bit B3?

Chng ta c th dng hm INDEX vi thng s ca n l hai hm MATCH, mt ci tm ra vi

tr hng (ca B1 trong H7:H14) v mt ci tm ra vi tr ct (ca B2 trong A6:H6):

tm vi tr hng: MATCH(B1, H7:H14, 0)

tm vi tr ct: MATCH(B2, A6:H6, 0)

v y l cng thc B3:

=INDEX(A7:H14, MATCH(B1, H7:H14, 0), MATCH(B2, A6:H6, 0))

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Tm kim mt gi tri bng cch dng ListBox hoc ComboBox

Ta c mt bng tinh nh hnh sau:

Trong o co dng mt ListBox, vi Input Range ca n l A3:A10 v Cell Link l E3.

Khi ta chn mt gi tri trong List box, th Cell Link (E3) hin ra s th t ca gi tri o trong
ListBox...

Ta mun rng khi ti chn mt gi tri trong ListBox ny, th gi tri s hin ra, ch khng phi l
s th t.

Ti s dng hm INDEX, vi c php nh sau: INDEX(list_range, list_selection)

list_range Danh sch cc gi tri trong Listbox
list_selection S th t ca danh sch trong Listbox

Trong trng hp ny, c gi tri hin ra E4, ti E4 ta dng cng thc:

=INDEX(A3:A10, E3)

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Tm kim trong nhiu ct

i khi, cc d liu dng tm kim khng nm mt ct m trong nhiu ct. V d, bn c mt

danh sch a c tch sn h v tn ring ra hai ct. Ngi ta yu cu da vo h v tn xc
inh chc v. Chng ta c th dng mt ct ph ni h v tn li ri tm theo ct ph... Nhng
c l khng cn, v ti s dng hm INDEX v MATCH vi cng thc mng.

Hm MATCH c mt c php it ngi bit n, o l:

=MATCH(value1 & value2, array1 & array2, match_type)

value1 & value2 l cc d liu tm (v d h v tn)

array1 & array2 l cc ct (hoc hng) cha cc d liu dng tm kim o

V y l c php dng INDEX ghp vi MATCH trong cng thc mng:

{=INDEX(reference, MATCH(value1 & value2, array1 & array2, match_type))}

V d, cc bn xem hnh sau y:

Chng ta c: B1 l danh sch cc First Name (tn), B2 l danh sch cc Last Name (h)
Vng cha Fisrt Name l A6:A14, vng cha Last Name l B6:B14 v vng cha Title (chc v)
l C6:C14

Cng thc da vo First Name ( B1) v Last Name ( B2), d trong vng cha First Name
(A6:A14) v Last Name (B6:B14) m xc inh ra Title trong (C6:C14):
{=INDEX(C6:C14, MATCH(B1 & B2, A6:A14 & B6:B14, 0))}

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INDIRECT

Tr v mt tham chiu t chui k t. Tham chiu c tr v ngay tc thi hin thi ni dung
ca chng. Cng co th dng hm INDIRECT khi mun thay i tham chiu ti mt bn trong
mt cng thc m khng cn thay i cng thc o.

C php: =INDIRECT(ref_text [, a1])

ref_text l tham chiu ti mt (c th l dng A1 hoc dng R1C1), l tn inh ngha ca mt

tham chiu, hoc l mt tham chiu dng chui.

Lu :
Nu ref_text khng hp l, INDIRECT s bo li #REF!
Nu ref_text cha tham chiu n mt bng tnh khc th bng tnh ny phi ang m, nu
khng, INDIRECT cng bo li #REF!

a1 l gi tri logic xc inh dng tham chiu bn trong ref_text.

a1 = TRUE (hoc l 1, hoc khng nhp) l kiu tham chiu A1
a1 = FALSE (hoc l 2) l kiu tham chiu R1C1

V d:

Nu B4 chi l s 10, th INDIRECT s bo li #REF!

Nhng do ta a t tn cho B4 l George (tc l ni dung ca A4) nn khng bi li.

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LOOKUP

Dng d tm mt gi tri t mt dng hoc mt ct trong mt dy hoc mt mng gi tri.

Hm LOOKUP c hai dng: Vec-t (vector form) v Mng (array form)

Dng Vec-t: LOOKUP tm kim trn mt dng hoc mt ct, nu tm thy s tr v gi tri ca
cng vi tr trn dng (hoc ct) c chi inh.

Dng Mng: LOOKUP tm kim trn dng (hoc ct) u tin ca mt mng gi tri, nu tm thy
s tr v gi tri ca cng vi tr trn dng (hoc ct) cui cng trong mng o.

Lookup Dng Vec-t

C php: =LOOKUP(lookup_value, lookup_vector, result_vector)

lookup_value: L gi tri LOOKUP s tm kim trong lookup_vector. N c th l mt s, mt k

t, mt gi tri logic, mt tn a c inh ngha ca mt vng hoc mt tham chiu n mt gi
tri.

lookup_vector: L mt vng m chi gm mt dng (hoc mt ct) c cha lookup_value. Nhng

gi tri cha trong vng ny c th l mt s, mt k t hoc mt gi tri logic.

Lu :
lookup_vector phi c sp xp theo th t tng dn, nu khng, LOOKUP c th cho
kt qu khng chnh xc.
Nu khng tm thy lookup_value trong lookup_vector th LOOKUP s ly gi tri ln nht
m nho hn hoc bng lookup_value.
Nu lookup_value nho hn gi tri nho nht trong lookup_vector th LOOKUP s bo li
#NA!
result_vector: L mt vng m chi gm mt dng (hoc mt ct) cha gi tri tr v. Kch
thc ca result_vector bt buc phi bng kich thc ca lookup_vector.

V d:

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Lookup Dng mng

C php: =LOOKUP(lookup_value, array)

lookup_value: L gi tri LOOKUP s tm kim trong array. N c th l mt s, mt k t, mt

gi tri logic, mt tn a c inh ngha ca mt vng hoc mt tham chiu n mt gi tri.

Nu khng tm thy lookup_value trong array th LOOKUP s ly gi tri ln nht m nho

hn hoc bng lookup_value.

Nu lookup_value nho hn gi tri nho nht trong ct hoc hng u tin trong array th
LOOKUP s bo li #NA!

array: L mt vng cha lookup_value, c th l s, k t, hoc gi tri logic.

Dng mng ca LOOKUP gn tng ng nh hm VLOOKUP hoc HLOOKUP.

Khc bit ch VLOOKUP v HLOOKUP tm kim trn ct (hoc dng) u tin, cn LOOKUP
tm kim trn ct hoc trn dng ty thuc vo dng mng c khai bo:

Lu :
Nu array l mng c s ct nhiu hn s dng th LOOKUP s tm trn dng u tin.
Nu array l mng c s dng nhiu hn s ct th LOOKUP s tm trn ct u tin.
Trng hp array l mng c s dng bng s ct th LOOKUP s tm trn ct u tin.
VLOOKUP v HLOOKUP ly kt qu trn ct (hoc) dng c chi inh, cn LOOKUP
lun lun ly kt qu trn dng (hoc ct) cui cng.
Cc gi tri trn dng (hoc ct) u tin ca array phi c sp xp theo th t tng dn,
nu khng, LOOKUP c th cho kt qu khng chnh xc.

V d:

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MATCH

Hm MATCH dng bit vi tr ca mt gi tri trong mt dy gi tri (mt hng hoc mt ct)

C php: =MATCH(lookup_value, lookup_array, match_type)

lookup_value Gi tri dng tm kim trong hng u tin ca table_array, gi tri ny c th l

mt s, mt chui, hoc l mt tham chiu

lookup_array Ct hoc hng dng d tm

match_type L 1, 0 hoc -1, chi kiu tm kim

-1: MATCH s tm gi tri nho nht m ln hn hoc bng lookup_value trong trng hp
ny, lookup_array phi c xp theo th t gim dn (t ln n nho)
0: MATCH s tm chnh xc gi tri lookup_value
1: (l gi tri mc inh) MATCH s tm gi tri ln nht m nho hn hoc bng lookup_value
trong trng hp ny, lookup_array phi c xp theo th t tng dn (t nho n ln)

Lu :
Nu match_type = 0, v lookup_value l gi tri kiu text, bn c th dng cc k t i
din cho lookup_value
(du * i din cho nhiu k t / hoc du ? i din cho mt k t)
Nu khng tm thy lookup_value trong lookup_array, hm MATCH s bo li #NA!

V d:

OFFSET

Dng tham chiu n mt vng no o, bt u t mt , hoc mt dy , vi mt khong cch

c chi inh.

C php: =OFFSET(reference, rows, cols [, height] [, width])

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reference: L vng m bn mun lm im xut pht tham chiu n vng

khc. Reference phi chi n mt hoc mt dy lin tc, nu khng, hm s bo li #VALUE!

rows: S dng di ln (hoc xung) tnh t reference, nhp s dng nu mun di xung, hoc
s m nu mun di ln.

cols: S ct di sang phi tri (hoc phi) tnh t reference, nhp s dng nu mun di sang
phi, hoc s m nu mun di sang tri.

height: L s dng ( cao) ca vng tham chiu cn tr v.

width: L s ct ( rng) ca vng tham chiu cn tr v.

Lu :
Nu s dng (rows) hoc ct (cols) vt ra ngoi phm vi bng tnh, hm s bo li #REF!.
cao (height) v rng (width) nu khng nhp, th xem nh no bng vi cao v
rng ca vng xut pht (reference).

V d:

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ROW

Tr v s th t dng ca u tin gc trn bn tri ca vng tham chiu.

C php: =ROW(reference)

reference: L hoc mt vng nhiu . Nu reference bo trng th ROW() tr v s th t dng

ca cha cng thc.

V d:
=ROW(A10) 10
=ROW(Y5:Z6) 5

ROWS

Tr v s dng ca vng tham chiu.

C php: =ROWS(array)

array: L hoc mt vng nhiu , mng tham chiu

V d:
=ROWS(A10:C18) 8 (c 8 hng trong vng ny)

TRANSPOSE

Chuyn mt vng d liu ngang thng dc v ngc li.

Hm TRANSPOSE lun c nhp dng cng thc mng (nhn Ctrl-Shift-Enter sau khi nhp)

C php: =TRANSPOSE(array)

array: L mng d liu cn hon chuyn

Nu s ct trong vng nhp cng thc nhiu hn s hng ca array, hoc s hng trong vng nhp
cng thc nhiu hn s ct ca array, hm s bo li #NA ti nhng bi d ra.

V d:

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VLOOKUP

Hm VLOOKUP s d tm mt hng (row) cha gi tri m bn cn tm ct u tin (bn tri)

ca mt bng d liu (ch V trong VLOOKUP co ngha l vertical), nu tm thy, n s tm tip
trong hng ny, v s ly gi tri ct m bn a chi inh trc.

C php: =VLOOKUP(lookup_value, table_array, col_index_num [, range_lookup])

lookup_value: Gi tri dng tm kim trong ct u tin ca table_array, gi tri ny c th l

mt s, mt chui, hoc l mt tham chiu

table_array: Bng dng d tm, c th l mt vng tham chiu hoc l tn (name) ca mt

vng a c t tn

col_index_num: S th t ca cc ct trong table_array, cha kt qu m bn mun tm kim.

col_index_num: S th t ny c tnh t tri sang phi (ct cha lookup_value l ct th nht)

range_lookup: L mt gi tri kiu Borlean, chi kiu tm kim: chinh xc hay tng i.
TRUE (hoc 1 l mc inh): L kiu d tm tng i VLOOKUP s tm gi
tri lookup_value u tin m no tm c trong ct u tin ca table_array. Trong trng
hp khng tm ra, n s tr v gi tri ln nht m nho hn lookup_value
FALSE (hoc 0): L kiu d tm chnh xc VLOOKUP s tm chnh xc gi
tri lookup_value trong ct u tin ca table_array. Trong trng hp khng c,
hoc lookup_value nho hn gi tri nho nht trong ct u tin ca table_array, n s bo
li #N/A!

Lu :
c kt qu chnh xc khi range_lookup = TRUE, bn phi sp xp cc gi tri cc gi tri
trong ct u tin ca table_array t nho n ln.

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Nu ct u tin ca table_array cha cc gi tri kiu text, bn c th dng cc k t i

din cho lookup_value (du * i din cho nhiu k t / hoc du ? i din cho mt k
t)
Nu lookup_value nho hn gi tri nho nht trong ct u tin ca table_array, hm s bo
li #N/A!
Li ny thng gp khi bn g d mt khong trng cui lookup_value
Nu khng tm thy lookup_value khi range_lookup = FALSE, hm s bo li #N/A!
Nu col_index_num nho hn 1, hm s bo li #VALUE!, cn nu col_index_num ln
hn s ct trong table_array, hm s bo li #REF!

V d:

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Hm Ton & Lng Gic (Math And Trigonometry Functions) Gii Php Excel | 114

II.5. HM TON & LNG GIC (MATH AND TRIGONOMETRY FUNCTIONS)

ABS

Ly tri tuyt i ca mt s

C php: =ABS(number)

number: S mun tnh tri tuyt i

V d:
=ABS(2) 2
=ABS(-5) 5
=ABS(A2) 7 (A2 ang cha cng thc =3.5*-2)

ACOS

Tr v mt gi tri radian nm trong khong t 0 n Pi, l arccosine, hay nghich o cosine ca

mt s nm trong khong t -1 n 1

C php: =ACOS(number)

number: L cosine ca mt gc v phi nm trong khong t -1 n 1

Lu :
Nghich o cosine ca mt number l mt gi tri m cosine ca n th bng number, hay
ACOS(COS(number)) = number
Nu mun chuyn i kt qu t radian thnh , bn nhn kt qu vi 180/PI() hoc s
dng hm DEGREES chuyn kt qu ra .

V d:

ACOSH

Tr v mt gi tri radian, l nghich o cosine-hyperbol ca mt s ln hn hoc bng 1

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C php: =ACOSH(number)

number: L mt s thc bt k ln hn hoc bng 1

Lu :
Nghich o cosine-hyperbol ca mt number l mt gi tri m cosine-hyperbol ca n th
bng number, hay ACOSH(COSH(number)) = number

V d:

ACOT (Excel 2013)

Tr v gi tri di dng radian ca arccotang hoc l nghich o cotang ca mt s

C php: =ACOT(number)

Number: l s thc, l cotang ca gc m bn mun chuyn i.

Lu :
Gc tr v th hin di dng radian l con s t 0 n PI.
Nu number khng l s th hm tr v li #VALUE!
Dng hm DEGREES hoc nhn kt qu vi 180/PI() chuyn i kt qu ra .

V d:

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ACOTH (Excel 2013)

Tr v nghich o cotang-hyperbol ca mt s ln hn 1

C php: =ACOTH(number)

number: Phi l con s ln hn 1

Lu :
Nu number nho hn 1, ACOTH s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu tri tuyt i ca Number <= 1 hm s tr v li #NUM! ngha l -1Number1
hm s bo li.

V d:

AGGREGATE (Excel 2010)

Tr v tng gp trong mt danh sch hoc mt c s d liu. Hm AGGREGATE c th p dng

cc hm tng gp khc nhau cho mt danh sch hoc c s d liu vi ty chn bo qua hoc n
cc hng hoc gi tri li.

C php:

Dng tham chiu =AGGREGATE(function_num, options, ref1, [ref2], )

Dng mng =AGGREGATE(function_num, options, array, [k])

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Function_num Bt buc. Mt s t 1 n 19 chi r hm cn dng.

FUNCTION_NUM HAM

1 AVERAGE

2 COUNT

3 COUNTA

4 MAX

5 MIN

6 PRODUCT

7 STDEV.S

8 STDEV.P

9 SUM

10 VAR.S

11 VAR.P

12 MEDIAN

13 MODE.SNGL

14 LARGE

15 SMALL

16 PERCENTILE.INC

17 QUARTILE.INC

18 PERCENTILE.EXC

19 QUARTILE.EXC

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Options Bt buc. Mt gi tri s xc inh nhng gi tri no cn bo qua trong phm vi inh tri
ca hm.

TUY CHON HNH VI

0 hoc bo qua Bo qua cc hm lng SUBTOTAL v AGGREGATE

1 Bo qua cc hng n, hm lng SUBTOTAL v AGGREGATE

2 Bo qua cc gi tri li, hm lng SUBTOTAL v AGGREGATE

3 Bo qua cc hng n, gi tri li, hm lng SUBTOTAL v AGGREGATE

4 Khng bo qua bt k th g

5 Bo qua cc hng n

6 Bo qua cc gi tri li

7 Bo qua cc hng n v cc gi tri li

Ref1 Bt buc. i s dng s th nht cho nhng hm c nhiu i s dng s m bn mun

c gi tri tng gp.

Ref2,... Ty chn. i s dng s 2 n 253 m bn mun c gi tri tng gp.

i vi nhng hm ly mt mng, ref1 l mt mng, mt cng thc mng hoc mt tham chiu
ti phm vi m bn mun c gi tri tng gp. Ref2 l i s th hai cn thit cho mt s hm
nht inh. Cc hm sau y i hoi phi co i s ref2:

HAM

LARGE(array,k)

SMALL(array,k)

PERCENTILE.INC(array,k)

QUARTILE.INC(array,quart)

PERCENTILE.EXC(array,k)

QUARTILE.EXC(array,quart)

Lu :
Function_num: Ngay khi bn g nhp i s function_num lc bn nhp hm
AGGREGATE vo mt trn trang tnh, bn s thy danh sch tt c cc hm m bn c
th dng lm i s.

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Nu cn phi co i s ref th hai nhng i s ny khng c cung cp, th hm

AGGREGATE tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.
Nu mt hoc nhiu tham chiu l tham chiu 3-D, th hm AGGREGATE tr v gi tri
li #VALUE!.

Hm AGGREGATE c thit k dng cho cc ct d liu hoc phm vi dc. No khng c

thit k dng cho cc hng d liu, hay cc phm vi ngang. V d, khi bn cng tng ph ca
mt phm vi ngang bng cch dng ty chn 1, chng hn nh AGGREGATE(1, 1, ref1), th vic
n mt ct s khng nh hng n gi tri tng cng. Tuy nhin, vic n mt hng trong phm vi
dc s nh hng ti tng gp.

V d:

ARABIC (Excel 2013)

Ngc vi hm ROMAN, hm ARABIC chuyn i ch s La M sang ch s Rp. Xem thm

ti wiki

C php: =ARABIC( text )

text: l chui hoc tham chiu n chui nm trong cp nhy kp.

Lu :
Nu text khng hp l hm tr v li #VALUE!
Nu text l rng hm tr v 0
Text di ti a 255 k t, do vy s ln nhn c th tr v l 255000
Hm khng phn bit ch HOA v thng
H tr s La M m. V d (-XXXI) -31
Bo qua cc khong trng trc v sau chui s La M

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V d:

ASIN

Tr v mt gi tri radian nm trong on t -Pi/2 n Pi/2, l arcsine, hay nghich o sine ca mt

s nm trong khong t -1 n 1

C php: =ASIN(number)

number: L sine ca mt gc v phi nm trong khong t -1 n 1

Lu :
Nghich o sine ca mt number l mt gi tri m sine ca n th bng number, hay
ASIN(SIN(number)) = number
Nu mun chuyn i kt qu t radian thnh , bn nhn kt qu vi 180/PI() hoc s
dng hm DEGREES chuyn kt qu ra .

V d:

ASINH

Tr v mt gi tri radian, l nghich o sine-hyperbol ca mt s

C php: =ASINH(number)

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number: L mt s thc bt k

Lu :
Nghich o sine-hyperbol ca mt number l mt gi tri m sine-hyperbol ca n th bng
number, hay ASINH(SINH(number)) = number

V d:

ATAN

Tr v mt gi tri radian nm trong khong t -Pi/2 n Pi/2, l arctang, hay nghich o tang ca
mt s.

C php: =ATAN(number)

number : L tang ca mt gc

Lu :
Nghich o tang ca mt number l mt gi tri m tang ca n th bng number, hay
ATAN(TAN(number)) = number
Nu mun chuyn i kt qu t radian thnh , bn nhn kt qu vi 180/PI() hoc s
dng hm DEGREES chuyn kt qu ra

V d:

ATAN2

Tr v mt gi tri radian nm trong khong (nhng khng bao gm) t -Pi n Pi, l arctang, hay
nghich o tang ca mt im c ta x v y.

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C php: =ATAN(x_num, y_num)

x_num : L ta x ca im

y_num : L ta y ca im

Lu :
Kt qu l dng nu goc ngc chiu kim ng h tnh t trc x, v kt qu l m nu
gc thun chiu kim ng h tnh t trc x
ATAN2(a, b) th bng ATAN(b/a), ngay c khi a = 0 trong ATAN2
Nu x_num v y_num u bng 0, th ATAN2 bo li #DIV/0!
Nu mun chuyn i kt qu t radian thnh , bn nhn kt qu vi 180/PI() hoc s
dng hm DEGREES chuyn kt qu ra

V d:

ATANH

Tr v mt gi tri radian, l nghich o tang-hyperbol ca mt s nm trong khong t -1 n 1

C php: =ATANH(number)

number : L mt s thc bt k nm trong khong t -1 n 1

Lu :
Nghich o tang-hyperbol ca mt number l mt gi tri m tang-hyperbol ca n th bng
number, hay ATANH(TANH(number)) = number

V d:

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BASE (Excel 2013)

Chuyn h mt s theo c s cho trc sang dng vn bn

C php: =BASE(Number, Radix [Min_length])

Number: Bt buc. S m bn mun chuyn i. Phi l s nguyn ln hn hoc bng 0 v nho

hn 2^53.

Radix: Bt buc. C s m bn mun chuyn s trn thnh. Phi l s nguyn ln hn hoc bng
2 v nho hn hoc bng 36.

Min_length: Ty chn. di ti thiu ca chui tr v. Phi l s nguyn ln hn hoc bng 0.

Lu :
Nu Number, Radix hoc Min_length nm ngoi gii hn ti thiu v ti a, BASE s tr
v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu Number khng l con s, BASE s tr v gi tri li #VALUE! .
Bt k s no khng phi l s nguyn c nhp vo s bi ct ct thnh s nguyn.
Nu co i s Min_length, s 0 s c thm vo ng trc kt qu nu kt qu ny ngn
hn di ti thiu c chi inh. V d, BASE(16,2) tr v 10000 nhng BASE(16,2,8)
tr v 00010000.
Gi tri ti a ca i s Min_length l 255.

V d:

CEILING

Hai hm ny, hao hao ging hm MROUND, l lm trn n bi s gn nht ca mt s c chi

inh, chi khc i cht v cch tnh: CEILING lun lun lm trn mt s ra xa s 0, cn FLOOR
lm trn v s 0.

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C php: =CEILING(number, significance)

=FLOOR(number, significance)

number: Con s s lm trn

significance: Con s m bn cn lm trn number n bi s ca n

Lu :
Nu number v significancekhc du, hm s bo li #NUM!
Nu number l bi s ca significance, kt qu l chnh s o

V d: So snh gia CEILING, FLOOR v MROUND - v d ny, xem nh significance

l multiple ca MROUND

CEILING.MATH (Excel 2013)

Lm trn s ln s nguyn gn nht hoc bi s co ngha gn nht.

C php: =CEILING(number, [significance], [mode])

Number Bt buc. Number phi nho hn 9,99E+307 v ln hn -2,229E-308.

Significance Ty chn. Bi s m Number c lm trn ln.

Mode Ty chn. i vi s m, kim sot xem Number co c lm trn ti hoc khc 0 hay
khng.

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Lu :
Theo mc inh, s co ngha l +1 i vi s dng v -1 i vi s m.
Theo mc inh, s dng co cc ch s thp phn c lm trn ln ti s nguyn gn
nht. V d, 6,3 c lm trn ln 7.
Theo mc inh, s m c cc ch s thp phn c lm trn ln (ti 0) ti s nguyn gn
nht. V d, -6,7 c lm trn ln -6.
Bng cch chi inh cc i s ca S co ngha v Mode, bn c th thay i hng lm
trn ca cc s m. V d, lm trn -6,3 ln s co ngha ca 1 vi mode ca 1 lm trn khc
0, ln n -7. C nhiu cch kt hp cc gi tri S co ngha v Mode nh hng n vic
lm trn cc s m theo cc cch khc nhau.
i s Mode khng nh hng n s dng.
i s ca s co ngha lm trn s ln n s nguyn gn nht l bi s ca s co ngha
c chi inh. Ngoi l xy ra khi s cn lm trn l s nguyn. V d, i vi s co ngha
ca 3, s c lm trn ln n s nguyn tip theo l bi s ca 3.
Nu S chia cho S co ngha ca 2 hoc kt qu ln hn trong s d, kt qu s c lm
trn ln.

V d:

CEILING.PRECISE (Excel 2010)

Tr v s c lm trn ln n s nguyn gn nht hoc bi s co ngha gn nht. Bt chp du

ca s, s s c lm trn ln. Tuy nhin, nu s hay mc quan trng bng khng, s khng c
tr v.

C php: =CEILING.PRECISE(number, [significance])

Number Bt buc. Gi tri s c lm trn.

Significance Ty chn. Bi s m s s c lm trn n. Nu bo qua mc quan trng, gi tri

mc inh ca n s l 1.

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Lu :
Gi tri tuyt i ca bi s c dng, hm CEILING.PRECISE tr v ceiling ton hc
bt chp du ca s v mc quan trng.

V d:

COMBIN

Tr v s t hp ca mt s phn t cho trc

C php: =COMBIN(number, number_chosen)

number: Tng s phn t

number_chosen: S phn t trong mi t hp

Lu :
Nu cc i s l s thp phn, hm chi ly phn nguyn
Nu cc i s khng phi l s, COMBIN s bo li #VALUE!
Nu number < 0, number_chosen < 0, hoc number < number_chosen, COMBIN s bo
li #NUM!
T hp khc vi hon vi: T hp khng quan tm n th t ca cc phn t trong mi t
hp; cn hon vi th th t ca mi phn t u co ngha.
COMBIN c tinh nh cng thc sau y (vi n = number, k = number_chosen)

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Trong o:

V d:
Vi 4 phn t Mai, Lan, Cc, Trc c th xp c bao nhiu t hp khc nhau, vi mi t hp
gm 2 phn t?
=COMBIN(4, 2) 6

6 t hp ny l: Mai-Lan, Mai-Cc, Mai-Trc, Lan-Cc, Lan-Trc v Cc-Trc

COMBINA

Tr v s ln kt hp (c km nhng ln lp li) i vi s lng mc cho trc.

C php: =COMBINA(number, number_chosen)

Number Bt buc. Phi ln hn hoc bng 0 v ln hn hoc bng Number_chosen. Cc gi tri

khng phi s nguyn bi ct ct.

Number_chosen Bt buc. Phi ln hn hoc bng 0. Cc gi tri khng phi s nguyn bi ct

ct.

Lu :
Nu gi tri ca mt trong hai i s nm ngoi mc gii hn, COMBINA s tr v gi tri
li #NUM! gi tri li.
Nu mt trong hai i s c gi tri khng phi l s, COMBINA s tr v li #VALUE!.
Phng trnh sau c s dng:

Trong phng trnh trn, N l Number v M l Number_chosen.

V d:
CNG THC M T KT QU

=COMBINA(4,3) Tr v s ln kt hp (tinh c lp li) ca 4 v 3. 20

=COMBINA(10,3) Tr v s ln kt hp (tinh c lp li) ca 10 v 3. 220

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COS

Tr v mt gi tri radian, l cosine ca mt s

C php: =COSIN(number)

number: L s o goc, tinh theo radian

Lu :
Nu bn mun tnh COSIN ca mt goc tinh theo , hy nhn n vi PI()/180, hoc s
dng RADIANS chuyn n t sang radian

V d:

COSH

Tr v mt gi tri radian, l cosine-hyperbol ca mt s

C php: =COSH(number)

number: L mt s thc bt k

Lu :
Cosine-hyperbol ca mt s c tnh theo cng thc:

V d:

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COT

Tr v gi tri cotang ca goc c o bng radian.

C php: =COT(number)

Number Bt buc. Goc c o bng radian m bn mun tnh cotang.

Lu :
Gi tri tuyt i ca Number phi nho hn 2^27.
Nu Number nm ngoi mc gii hn, COT s tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu Number khng c gi tri s, COT s tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.
COT(0) s tr v gi tri li #DIV/0!.

V d:

COTH

Tr v cotang hyperbolic ca mt gc hyperbolic.

C php: =COTH(number)

Number Bt buc.

Lu :
Cotang hyperbolic tng t nh cotang (ca ng trn) thng thng.
Gi tri tuyt i ca Number phi nho hn 2^27.
Nu Number nm ngoi mc gii hn, COTH s tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu Number khng c gi tri s, COTH s tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.
Phng trnh sau c s dng:

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V d:

CSC

Tr v cosec ca mt goc c tnh bng radian.

C php: =CSC(number)

Number Bt buc.

Lu :
Gi tri tuyt i ca Number phi nho hn 2^27.
Nu Number nm ngoi mc gii hn, CSC s tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu Number khng c gi tri s, CSC s tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.
CSC(n) bng 1/SIN(n).

V d:

CSCH

Tr v cosec hyperbolic ca mt goc c tnh bng radian.

C php: =CSCH(number)

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Number Bt buc.

Lu :
Gi tri tuyt i ca Number phi nho hn 2^27.
Nu Number nm ngoi mc gii hn, CSCH s tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu Number khng c gi tri s, CSCH s tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.

V d:

DECIMAL (Excel 2013)

Chuyn i dng biu thi s bng vn bn theo mt c s a cho thnh mt s thp phn.

C php: =DECIMAL(Text, Radix)

Text Bt buc.

Radix Bt buc. C s phi l mt s nguyn.

Lu :
di chui ca i s Text phi nho hn hoc bng 255 k t.
i s Text c th l bt k kt hp no ca cc k t ch-s hp l cho c s v khng
phn bit ch hoa ch thng.
Excel h tr i s Text ln hn hoc bng 0 v nho hn 2^53. i s Text tr v mt gi
tri ln hn 2^53 c th dn n kt qu lm mt chnh xc ca hm.
C s Radix phi ln hn hoc bng 2 (nhi phn, hay c s 2) v nho hn hoc bng 36
(c s 36). Mt c s ln hn 10 s dng cc gi tri s 0-9 v cc ch ci A-Z theo nhu
cu. V d, c s 16 (h thp lc phn) dng cc s 0-9 v cc ch A-F, cn c s 36 dng
cc s 0-9 v cc ch A-Z.
Nu mt trong hai i s vt qu gii hn ca n, hm DECIMAL c th tr v gi tri li
#NUM! hoc #VALUE!.

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V d:

DEGREES

Chuyn i s o ca mt gc t radian sang (1 radian = Pi/1800)

C php: =DEGREES(angle)

angle: l s o goc tinh theo radian

V d:

EVEN

Hai hm ny lm trn rt n gin. EVEN lm trn n s nguyn chn gn nht, cn ODD lm

trn n s nguyn l gn nht. C hai u lm trn theo kiu chy xa khoi s 0.

C php: =EVEN(number)
=ODD(number)

number: l con s cn lm trn.

V d:

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=EVEN(14.2) 16
=EVEN(-23) -24
=ODD(58.1) 59
=ODD(-6) -7

EXP

Tinh ly tha ca c s e (2.71828182845905...)

C php: =EXP(number)

number: s m ca c s e

Lu :
tinh ly tha ca c s khc, bn c th dng ton t ^ (du m), hoc dng hm
POWER
Hm EXP l nghich o ca hm LN: tnh logarit t nhin ca mt s

V d:
=EXP(1) 2.718282 (l chinh c s e)
=EXP(2) 7.389056 (bnh phng ca e)

FACT

Tnh giai tha ca mt s.

C php: =FACT(number)

number: s cn tnh giai tha

Lu :
number phi l mt s dng
Nu number l s thp phn, FACT s ly phn nguyn ca number tnh

V d:
=FACT(5) 120 (5! = 1 x 2 x 3 x 4 x 5 = 120)
=FACT(2.9) 2 (2! = 1 x 2 = 2)
=FACT(0) 1 (0! = 1)
=FACT(-3) #NUM!

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FACTDOUBLE

Tnh giai tha cp hai ca mt s. Giai tha cp hai (k hiu bng hai du !!) c tinh nh sau:
Vi s chn: n!! = n x (n-2) x (n-4) x ... x 4 x 2
Vi s l: n!! = n x (n-2) x (n-4) x ... x 3 x 1

C php: =FACTDOUBLE(number)

number: s cn tnh giai tha cp hai

Lu :
number phi l mt s dng
Nu number l s thp phn, FACTDOUBLE s ly phn nguyn ca number tnh

V d:
=FACTDOUBLE(6) 48 (6!! = 6 x 4 x 2 = 24)
=FACTDOUBLE(7) 105 (7!! = 7 x 5 x 3 x 1 = 105)

FLOOR

Xem cch s dng ti hm CEILING.

FLOOR.MATH (Excel 2013)

Lm trn mt s xung s nguyn gn nht hay ti bi s gn nht ca mt s co ngha.

C php: =FLOOR.MATH(number, significance, mode)

Number Bt buc. S cn c lm trn xung.

Significance Ty chn. Bi s m bn mun lm trn n.

Mode Ty chn. Hng (tin n hay xa khoi s 0) lm trn s m.

Lu :
Theo mc inh, s dng co cc phn thp phn s c lm trn xung s nguyn gn
nht. V d: 6.3 c lm trn xung 6, bng cch dng i s Significance mc inh (1).
Theo mc inh, s m c cc phn thp phn s c lm trn ra xa s 0 n s nguyn
gn nht. V d: -6.7 c lm trn thnh -7.
Bng cch dng 0 hoc s m cho i s Mode, bn c th thay i hng lm trn cho
cc s m. V d, lm trn -6.3 vi Significance l 1 v Mode l -1 s l lm trn tin n
0, thnh -6.

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i s Significance lm trn s o xung s nguyn gn nht l bi s ca s co ngha xc

inh. Trng hp ngoi l l khi s c lm trn l s nguyn. V d: vi Significance l
3, s s c lm trn xung s nguyn tip theo l bi s ca 3.
Nu Number chia cho Significance l 2 hoc kt qu ln hn trong s d, th kt qu c
lm trn xung.

V d:

FLOOR.PRECISE (Excel 2010)

Tr v mt s c lm trn xung ti s nguyn gn nht hoc ti bi s co ngha gn nht. Bt

chp du ca s, s s c lm trn xung. Tuy nhin, nu s hoc s co ngha l khng, th kt
qu tr v l khng.

C php: =FLOOR.PRECISE(number, [significance])

Number Bt buc. Gi tri cn lm trn.

Significance Ty chn. S m bn mun lm trn s ti bi s ca no. Nu Significance c

bo qua, th gi tri mc inh l 1.

Lu :
Gi tri tuyt i ca bi s c dng, cho hm FLOOR.PRECISE tr v mc sn ton
hc, bt chp du ca s v s co ngha.

V d:

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GCD

GCD l vit tt ca ch Greatest Common Divisor: c s chung ln nht.

C php: =GCD(number1, number2 [,number3...])

number1, number2...: nhng s m bn bn cn tm c s chung ln nht

GCD c th tm c s chung ln nht ca mt day co n 255 gi tri (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc
th con s ny l 19)

Lu :
Nu c bt k mt number no < 0, GCD s bo li #NUM!
Nu c bt k mt number no khng phi l mt con s, GDC s bo li #VALUE!
Nu number l s thp phn, GCD chi tnh ton vi phn nguyn ca n.

V d:
=GCD(5, 2) 1
=GCD(24, 36) 12
=GCD(5, 0) 5

INT

Hai hm ny gn nh ging nhau nu nh bn mun lm trn mt s thnh mt s nguyn.

C php: =INT(number)
=TRUNC(number [, num_digits])

number: S cn lm trn

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num_digits: L mt s nguyn, chi cch m bn mun ct bt s

Lu :
num_digits > 0 : nu number l mt s thp phn, th num_digits chi ra s con s thp phn
m bn mun gi li (sau du phy)
num_digits = 0 hoc khng nhp: ct bo ht phn thp phn ca number (nu c)
num_digits < 0 : lm trn number thnh mt s nguyn v lm trn number sang tri thnh
mt bi s ca 10 (xem thm v d)

Hm INT lm trn mt s ti s nguyn gn nht

i vi s dng, hm INT v TRUNC cho kt qu ging nhau (num_digits ca TRUNC = 0 hoc

khng co), nhng i vi s m th hai hm ny s cho kt qu hon ton khc nhau.

V d:
=INT( 123.456) 123
=TRUNC( 123.456) 123

=INT(-123.456) -124
=TRUNC(-123.456) -123

Khi num_digits khc 0, TRUNC khc hn vi ROUND ch: ROUND th lm trn, cn TRUNC
chi ct bo bt s ch khng lm trn.

V d:

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Dng hm TRUNC sa li Excel

Excel c mt s li rt v duyn m chc hn trong chng ta ai cng vi ln nhc u vi n. Nht

l khi lm vic vi s thp phn.

Ti xin nu mt v d rt nho: bn 2.02 tr 2.01 bng bao nhiu? Chc cc bn s ci. Con
nit cng bit: 2.02 - 2.01 = 0.01

Nhng Excel th khng bit ! Cc bn th nhp php tnh 2.02 - 2.01 vo mt no o, ri cho
ny c 16 s l xem, cc bn s thy Excel lm ton:

2.02 - 2.01 = 0.0100000000000002

Sao y? Nu cc bn dng kt qu ca 2.02-2.01 lm mt tham s ca VLOOKUP, cc bn c

nhn c kt qu chnh xc khng?

chc n, ti dng ci ny: =TRUNC(2.02 - 2.01, 2) = 0.01

By gi th inh dng o co n 100 s l cng vn ng.

ISO.CEILING (Excel 2010)

Tr v mt s c lm trn ln ti s nguyn gn nht hoc ti bi s co ngha gn nht. Bt chp

du ca s, s s c lm trn ln. Tuy nhin, nu i s s hoc i s s co ngha l khng, th
kt qu l khng.

C php: =ISO.CEILING(number, [significance])

Number Bt buc. Gi tri cn lm trn.

Significance Ty chn. Bi s ty chn m bn mun lm trn s ti o. Nu Significance c

bo qua, th gi tri mc inh l 1.

Lu :
Gi tri tuyt i ca bi s c dng, cho hm ISO.CEILING tr v mc trn ton hc, bt
chp du ca i s s v i s s co ngha.

V d:

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LCM

LCM l vit tt ca ch Lowest common multiple: Bi s chung nho nht.

C php: =LCM(number1, number2 [,number3...])

number1, number2...: nhng s m bn bn cn tm bi s chung nho nht

LCM c th tm bi s chung nho nht ca mt day co n 255 gi tri (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc
th con s ny l 19)

Lu :
Nu c bt k mt number no < 0, LCM s bo li #NUM!
Nu c bt k mt number no khng phi l mt con s, LCM s bo li #VALUE!
Nu number l s thp phn, LCM chi tnh ton vi phn nguyn ca n.

V d:
=LCM(5, 2) 10
=LCM(24, 36) 72

LN

Tnh logarit t nhin ca mt s (logarit c s e = 2.71828182845905...)

C php: =LN(number)

number: s thc, dng m ta mun tnh logarit t nhin (logarit c s e) ca n

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Hm LN l nghich o ca hm EXP: tinh ly tha ca c s e

V d:
=LN(86) 4.454347 (logarit c s e ca 86)
=LN(2.7181818) 1 (logarit c s e ca e)
=LN(EXP(3)) 3 (logarit c s e ca e lp phng)

LOG

Tnh logarit ca mt s vi c s c chi inh

C php: =LOG(number [, base])

number: S thc, dng m ta mun tnh logarit t nhin (logarit c s e) ca n

base: C s tnh logarit (mc inh l 10) - Nu bo trng, hm LOG tng ng vi hm

LOG10.

V d:
=LOG(10) 1 (logarit c s 10 ca 10)
=LOG(8, 2) 3 (logarit c s 2 ca 8)
=LOG(86, 2.7182818) 4.454347 (logarit c s e ca 86)

LOG10

Tinh logarit c s 10 ca mt s

C php: =LOG10(number)

number: s thc, dng m ta mun tnh logarit t nhin (logarit c s e) ca n

V d:
=LOG10(10) = LOG(10) 1 (logarit c s 10 ca 10)
=LOG10(86) = LOG(86) 1.93449845 (logarit c s 10 ca 86)
=LOG10(1E5) 5 (logarit c s 10 ca 1E5)
=LOG10(10^5) 5 (logarit c s 10 ca 10^5)

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nh ngha Ma Trn

Ma trn l mt bng c m hng v n ct

A cn c gi l mt ma trn c m x n
Mt phn t hng th i v ct th j s c k hiu l

Mt ma trn A c m = n gi l ma trn vung

MDETERM

Hm ny dng tinh inh thc ca mt ma trn vung

C php: =MDETERM(array)

array: mng gi tri cha ma trn vung (c s hng v s ct bng nhau)

Lu :
array c th mt day nh A1:C3; hoc mt mng nh {1,2,3 ; 4,5,6 ; 7,8,9}; hoc l mt
khi a c t tn...
Hm MDETERM s bo li #VALUE! khi:
array khng phi l ma trn vung (s hng khc s ct)
C bt k 1 vi tr no trong array l rng hoc khng phi l d liu kiu s
Hm MDETERM c th tnh chnh xc vi ma trn 4 x 4 (c 16 k s)

V d v cch tnh ton ca hm MDETERM vi ma trn 3 x 3 (A1:C3)

MDETERM(A1:C3) = A1*(B2*C3 - B3*C2) + A2*(B3*C1 - B1*C3) + A3*(B1*C2 - B2*C1)

V d: =MDETERM(A1:D4) 88

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=MDETERM(A1:C4) #VALUE! (A1:C4 khng phi l ma trn vung)

=MDETERM({3,6,1 ; 1,1,0 ; 3,10,2}) 1

=MDETERM({3,6 ; 1,1}) 1

MINVERSE

Hm ny dng tnh ma trn nghich o ca mt ma trn vung

C php: =MINVERSE(array)

array: mng gi tri cha ma trn vung (c s hng v s ct bng nhau)

Lu :
array c th mt day nh A1:C3; hoc mt mng nh {1,2,3 ; 4,5,6 ; 7,8,9}; hoc l mt
khi a c t tn...
Ging hm MDETERM, hm MINVERSE s bo li #VALUE! khi:
array khng phi l ma trn vung (s hng khc s ct)
C bt k 1 vi tr no trong array l rng hoc khng phi l d liu kiu s
Ma trn khng th tnh nghich o (v d ma trn co inh thc = 0)
Hm MINVERSE c th tnh chnh xc vi ma trn 4 x 4 (c 16 k s)

V d:
Bn c mt ma trn A1:D4, tm ma trn nghich o ca ma trn ny, bn qut chn mt khi
tng ng vi A1:D4, v d A6:D9 (cng c 4 hng v 4 ct), ti A6, g cng thc
= MINVERSE(A1:D4) v sau o nhn Ctrl-Shift-Enter, bn s c kt qu ti A6:D9 l mt ma
trn nghich o ca ma trn A1:D4

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MOD

Dng ly s d ca mt php chia, kt qu tr v theo du ca s chia (divisor)

C php: =MOD(number, divisor)

number: S bi chia

divisor: S chia

Cng thc hm MOD tnh theo hm INT

MOD(n, d) = n - d*INT(n/d)

V d:
=MOD(24, 10) 4 (do 24 chia 10 c 2, d 4)
=MOD(-3,2) 1 (d -1 nhng kt qu l 1 do ly du s chia)
=MOD(3,2) 1
=MOD(3,-2) -1 (d 1 nhng kt qu l -1 do ly du s chia)

Cng cc cch nhau mt s hng c nh

C mt bi ton nh sau: Trong mt ct d liu, ngi ta mun tnh tng ca cch cch nhau
mi n hng no o.

V d, trong dy A1:A20, tnh tng ca cc cch nhau 5 , ngha l ly A1 + A6 + A11 + A16

Ni ti hng, ta ngh n hm ROW:

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=ROW(A1) 1,
=ROW(A6) 6, v.v...

V v d va nu trn y, ta cc con s 1, 6, 11, 16 khi em chia cho 5 u d 1, vy ta

ngh n hm MOD(), ly s th t ca hng chia cho 5:
=MOD(ROW(A1), 5) 1,
=MOD(ROW(A6), 5) 1, v.v...

Vy ta s lp cng thc cho mng A1:A20:

Xt trong khi A1:A20, no c s th t ca hng chia cho 5 m d 1, th ly cc o cng li:

{= SUM(IF(MOD(ROW(A1:A20), 5) = 1, A1:A20, 0))}

Hay c th hn, gi day tnh tng l range, v s hng cch nhau gia cc l n, ta s c cng
thc:
{= SUM(IF(MOD(ROW(range), n) = 1, range, 0))}

Con s 1 y khng phi l con s c inh, m n l s d ca php chia ca s th t cho n. Do

o, ty vo iu kin ca bi ton m ta thay bng con s thch hp.

Chng hn, cng v d trn y, nh ta mun tnh tng ca cc A2, A7, A12, A17 th cng thc
s l:
{= SUM(IF(MOD(ROW(A1:A20), 5) = 2, A1:A20, 0))}
(2 l s d ca 2, 7, 12, 17 cho 5)

Cng cc c s th t hng l chn, hoc c s th t hng l l

T bi ton trn y, ta co cng thc cng cc c s th t hng lm chn:

{= SUM(IF(MOD(ROW(Range), 2) = 0, Range, 0))}

V cng thc cng cc c s th t hng lm l:

{= SUM(IF(MOD(ROW(Range), 2) = 1, Range, 0))}

Xem mt nm c phi l nm nhun hay khng

Nu bn mun c mt cng thc xem th mt nm no o co phi l nm nhun hay khng,

bn c th dng hm MOD.

Nm nhun, l nm chia ht cho 4, hay php d ca php chia s nm cho 4 th bng 0 cng thc
sau y:

= MOD(year, 4)

S nm phi l mt con s c 4 ch s.

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Cng thc trn chi ng trong khong t nm 1901 n 2099 (c l chng ta cng sng ti a
trong khong thi gian ny thi). Cng thc ny khng ng vi nm 1900 v 2100, bi v iu
kin tinh nm nhun cn c chuyn: Nm nhun l nm chia ht cho 4, nu nm ny tn cng
bng hai con s 0 th n phi chia ht cho 400 (v d, nm 2000).

Vy, c mt cng thc ng cho tt c mi nm, ta lm mt cng thc lun l nh sau:

= (MOD(year, 4) = 0) - (MOD(year, 100) = 0) + (MOD(year, 400) = 0)

Nu cng thc ny cho p s l 1 (TRUE), th o l nm nhun, cn nu cho p s l 0 (FALSE),

th o khng phi l nm nhun.

ng dng ca hm MOD trong nh dng bng tnh

Chc cng co mt lc no o, bn thich inh dng cho bng tnh ca mnh theo kiu Ledger
Shading. Ledger Shading l kiu inh dng cc hng c mu xen k nhau (v d, xanh v trng).
Loi inh dng ny thch hp cho nhng danh sch di, c nhiu ct, gip ta phn bit c hng
ny vi hng kia cch d dng, t khi bi nhn lm d liu gia cc hng...

Hnh sau y l mt v d:

D nhin l vic ny rt d thc hin, chng ta chi cn chn cc hng xen k nhau v t mu cho
n. Tuy nhin, nu lm th cng bng tay, th s c mt s bt tin sau:

- Rt lu cho nhng bng d liu ln.

- Mi khi chn thm mt hng hoc xa bt mt hng, th phi inh dng li.

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trnh nhng bt tin o, bn c th dng mt lin kt gia hm MOD v chc nng Conditional
Formatting (inh dng co iu kin) ca Excel.

Cch lm nh sau:

Chn vng bn mun inh dng

Gi hp thoi Conditional Formatting, v chn New Ruler m hp thoi New Formatting

Ruler

Chn Use a Formula to Determine Which Cells to Format

Trong khung Format values where this formular is true, g cng thc:
=MOD(ROW(), 2)

Nhn nt Format... m hp thoi Format Cells

Chn tab Fills, chn mu bn thch t cho cc hng xen k vi mu trng, ri nhn OK quay
v hp thoi New Formatting Ruler

Nhn OK

Cng thc =MOD(ROW(), 2) s tr v 1 cho nhng hng c s th t l v tr v 0 cho nhng

hng c s th t chn. Bi v 1 th tng ng vi TRUE, nn Excel s p dng mu t m bn

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a chn cho tt c nhng hng c s th t l trong vng bn mun inh dng, v bo qua nhng
hng c s th t chn.

Tng t,
Nu mun inh dng cc ct c mu xen k, bn chi cn thay cng thc trn thnh:
= MOD(COLUMN(), 2)

Nu thich inh dng cho hng c s th t l th khng t mu, cn hng c s th t chn mi t

mu, bn thay i cng thc trn mt t:
= MOD(ROW() + 1, 2)

MMULT

Hm ny dng tnh tch ca hai ma trn

C php: =MMULT(array1, array2)

array1, array2: mng gi tri cha ma trn

Lu :
array1, array2 c th mt day nh A1:C3; hoc mt mng nh {1,2,3 ; 4,5,6 ; 7,8,9};
hoc l mt khi a c t tn...
S ct ca array1 phi bng s dng ca array2
Cng thc tnh tch hai ma trn (A = B x C) c dng nh sau:

Trong o: i l s hng ca array1 (B), j l s ct ca array2 (C); n l s ct ca array1 (=

s dng ca array2)

Nu c bt k mt phn t no trong hai ma trn l rng hoc khng phi l d liu kiu
s, MMULT s bo li #VALUE!
c kt qu chnh xc ma trn kt qu, phi dng cng thc mng.

V d:

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tnh tch ca hai ma trn B v C, qut chn khi C7:D8 g cng thc =MMULT(A2:C3,E2:F4)
ri nhn Ctrl-Shift-Enter s c kt qu l ma trn A nh trn hnh.

MROUND

Lm trn n bi s ca mt s khc

C php: =MROUND(number, multiple)

number: Con s s lm trn

multiple: Con s m bn cn lm trn number n bi s ca n

Lu :
Nu number v multiple khc du, hm s bo li #NUM!
Nu number v multiple bng nhau, kt qu l chnh s o
MROUND s lm trn ln, nu phn chia ca php chia number cho multiple ln hn hoc
bng 1/2 multiple, v lm trn xung nu phn chia ca php
chia number cho multiple nho hn 1/2 multiple

V d:
=MROUND(5, 2) 6 (do 5/2 > 2/2, bi s ca 2 gn nht m ln hn 5 l 6)
=MROUND(11, 5) 10 (do 11/5 < 5/2, bi s ca 5 gn nht m nho hn 11 l 10)
=MROUND(13, 5) 15 (do 13/5 > 5/2, bi s ca 5 gn nht m ln hn 13 l 15)
=MROUND(5, 5) 5 (number v multiple bng nhau)
=MROUND(7.31, 0.5) 7.5 (7.31/0.5>0.5/2, bi s ca 0.5 gn nht m ln hn 7.31 l 7.5)
=MROUND(-11, -5) -10 (do -11/-5 > -5/2, bi s ca -5 gn nht m ln hn -11 l -10)
=MROUND(-11, 5) #NUM! (number v multiple khc du)

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MULTINOMIAL

Dng tnh t l gia giai tha tng v tch giai tha ca cc s. V d ta c 3 s a, b v c th

C php: =MULTINOMIAL(number1, number2, ...)

number1, number2,... : l nhng con s m ta mun tnh t l gia giai tha tng v tch giai
tha ca chng

Lu :
number1, number2, ... c th ln n 255 con s (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc, con s ny
chi l 30)
Nu c bt k mt number no khng phi l d liu kiu s, MULTINOMIAL s bo li
#VALUE!
Nu c bt k mt number no < 0, MULTINOMIAL s bo li #NUM!

V d:
=MULTINOMIAL(2, 3, 4) 1,260

MUNIT (Excel 2013)

Tr v ma trn n vi cho chiu quy inh.

C php: =MUNIT(Dimension)

Dimension Bt buc. Chiu l mt s nguyn inh r chiu ca ma trn n vi m bn mun tr

v. Hm tr v mt mng. Chiu phi ln hn 0.

MUNIT dng phng trnh sau y:

Lu :
Nu chiu l mt gi tri bng hoc nho hn khng (0), MUNIT tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.

V d:

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Ghi ch: tr v ma trn 3x3, cng thc trong C2:E4 cn c nhp vo dng mt mng v
nhn Ctrl+Shift+Enter khi nhp xong cng thc.

ODD

Xem cch s dng ti hm EVEN.

PI

Tr v gi tri ca s Pi=3.14159265358979, ly chinh xc n 15 ch s.

C php: =PI()

Hm ny khng c tham s

V d:
=PI() 3.14159265358979
=PI()/2 1.570796327
=PI()*(3^2) 28.27433388

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POWER

Tinh ly tha ca mt s. C th dng ton t ^ thay cho hm ny. V d: POWER(2, 10) = 2^10

C php: =POWER(number, power)

number: S cn tinh ly tha

power: S m

V d:
=POWER(5, 2) 25
=POWER(98.6, 3.2) 2,401,077
=POWER(4, 5/4) 5.656854

PRODUCT

Dng tnh tch ca cc s

C php: =PRODUCT(number1, number2, ...)

number1, number2,... : l nhng con s m ta mun tnh t l gia giai tha tng v tch giai
tha ca chng

Lu :
number1, number2, ... c th ln n 255 con s (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc, con s ny
chi l 30)
Nu cc number nm trong mt mng d liu, th chi c nhng gi tri kiu s trong mng
o mi c tnh; nhng gi tri khng phi l kiu s s c bo qua.

V d:
=PRODUCT(2, 3, 4) 24

QUOTIENT

Ly phn nguyn ca php chia.

C php: =QUOTIENT(numberator, denominator)

numberator: S bi chia

denominator: S chia

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Lu :
Nu cc thng s khng phi l d liu kiu s, hm s bo li #VALUE!
Hm ny tng ng vi hm INT: QUOTIENT(a, b) = INT(a/b)

V d:
=QUOTIENT(5, 2) 2
=QUOTIENT(4.5, 3.1) 1
=QUOTIENT(-10, 3) -3

RADIANS

Chuyn i s o ca mt gc t sang radian

C php: =RADIANS(angle)

angle : l s o goc tinh theo

V d:

RAND

Pht s ngu nhin t 0..1.

C php: =RAND()

Hm RAND tr v mt con s ngu nhin ln hn hoc bng 0 v nho hn 1. Nu dng hm

ly mt gi tri thi gian, th RAND l hm thch hp nht.

Bn cnh o, cng co nhng cch p RAND cung cp cho chng ta nhng con s ngu nhin
nm gia hai gi tri no o.

ly mt s ngu nhin ln hn hoc bng 0 v nho hn n, ta dng c php: =RAND()*n

Trng hp khc, m rng hn, chng ta cn c mt con s ngu nhin ln hn hoc bng
s m no o, v nho hn s n no o, ta dng c php: =RAND()*(n-m)+m

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Lu :
Do hm RAND l mt hm bin i (volatile function), tc l kt qu do RAND cung cp
c th thay i mi khi bn cp nht bng tnh hoc m li bng tnh, ngay c khi bn thay
i mt no o trong bng tnh...
c mt kt qu ngu nhin nhng khng thay i, bn dng cch sau:
Sau khi nhp cng thc =RAND() vo, bn nhn F9 v sau o nhn Enter. ng tc ny
s ly mt con s ngu nhin ngay ti thi im g cng thc, nhng sau o th lun dng
con s ny, v trong nhp cng thc s khng cn hm RAND na.
bi trn, ti a trnh by cch ly mt s ngu nhin nm trong mt khong {n, m} no
o: =RAND()*(n-m)+m

C mt hm na trong Excel c chc nng tng t cng thc trn: Hm

RANDBETWEEN. RANDBETWEEN chi khc RAND ch: RANDBETWEEN cho kt qu l
s nguyn, cn RAND th cho kt qu va l s nguyn va l s thp phn.

V d: Cng thc sau y s cung cp cho chng ta mt con s ngu nhin gia 0 v 30:
= RAND()*30

V d: ly mt s ngu nhin ln hn hoc bng 100 v nho hn 200, ta dng cng thc:
=RAND()*(200-100)+100

RANDBETWEEN

Hm RANDBETWEEN tr v mt s nguyn ngu nhin nm trong mt khong cho trc.

C php: =RANDBETWEEN(bottom, top)

bottom: S nho nht trong dy tm s ngu nhin (kt qu s ln hn hoc bng s ny)

top: S ln nht trong dy tm s ngu nhin (kt qu s nho hn hoc bng s ny)

V d:
=RANDBETWEEN(0, 59) s cho kt qu l mt s nguyn nm trong khong 0 ti 59.

ROMAN

Dng chuyn i mt s dng -rp sang dng s La-m

C php: =ROMAN(number, form)

number: S cn chuyn i

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form: dng chuyn i

0 (hoc TRUE, hoc khng nhp): Dng c in
1 cho n 3: Dng c in nhng c rt gn, s cng ln rt gn cng nhiu
4 (hoc FALSE): Dng hin i

Lu :
number phi l s dng, nu number < 0 hm s bo li #VALUE!
Nu number l s thp phn, ROMAN chi chuyn i phn nguyn ca n
Hm ROMAN chi x l c ti s ln nht l 3999, nu number > 3999 hm s bo li
#VALUE!
Sau khi a chuyn i, kt qu s l mt d liu dng text, v khng th tnh ton vi n
c na

V d:
=ROMAN(499, 0) = ROMAN(499) = ROMAN(499, TRUE) CDXCIX

=ROMAN(499, 1) LDVLIV

=ROMAN(499, 2) XDIX

=ROMAN(499, 3) VDIV

=ROMAN(499, 4) = ROMAN(499, FALSE) ID

=ROMAN(2008) MMVIII

ROUND

Lm trn s thp phn.

C php: =ROUND(number, num_digits)

number: Con s s lm trn

num_digits: L mt s nguyn, chi cch m bn mun lm trn

num_digits > 0 : lm trn n s thp phn c chi inh

num_digits = 0 : lm trn n s nguyn gn nht

num_digits < 0 : lm trn n phn nguyn c chi inh

V d: Vi con s 1234.5678

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=ROUND(1234.5678, 3) = 1234.568

=ROUND(1234.5678, 2) = 1234.57

=ROUND(1234.5678, 1) = 1234.6

=ROUND(1234.5678, 0) = 1235

=ROUND(1234.5678, -1) = 1230

=ROUND(1234.5678, -2) = 1200

=ROUND(1234.5678, -3) = 1000

ROUNDDOWN

Hai hm ny, v c bn th ging hm ROUND, chi khc l chng chi lm trn theo mt chiu:
ROUNDDONW lun lun lm trn mt s v s 0, cn ROUNDUP th lun lun lm trn mt s
ra xa s 0.

C php: =ROUNDDOWN(number, num_digits)

=ROUNDUP(number, num_digits)

number: Con s s lm trn

num_digits: L mt s nguyn, chi cch m bn mun lm trn

num_digits > 0 : lm trn n s thp phn c chi inh

num_digits = 0 : lm trn n s nguyn gn nht

num_digits < 0 : lm trn n phn nguyn c chi inh

V d: So snh gia ROUNDDOWN v ROUNDUP

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ROUNDUP

Xem cch s dng ti hm ROUNDDOWN.

SEC (Excel 2013)

Tr v sec ca mt gc.

C php: =SEC(number)

Number Bt buc. i s number l goc tinh bng radian m bn mun tm sec cho no.

Lu :
Gi tri tuyt i ca i s number phi nho hn 2^27.
Nu goc tinh bng , hay nhn goc vi PI()/180 hoc dng hm RADIANS chuyn i
goc thnh radian.
Nu i s number nm ngoi cc gii hn ca no, hm SEC tr v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu Number l mt gi tri khng phi s, hm SEC tr v gi tri li #VALUE! .

V d:

SECH (Excel 2013)

Tr v sec hyperbolic ca mt gc.

C php: =SECH(number)

Number Bt buc. i s number l goc tinh bng radian m bn mun tm sec hyperbolic cho
no.

Lu :
Gi tri tuyt i ca s phi nho hn 2^27.
Nu goc theo , hoc l nhn goc vi PI()/180 hoc dng hm RADIANS chuyn i
goc thnh cc radian.

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Nu i s number nm ngoi cc gii hn ca no, hm SECH tr v gi tri li #NUM!.

Nu number l mt gi tri khng phi s, hm SECH tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.

V d:

SERIESSUM

Dng tnh tng ly tha ca mt chui s, theo cng thc sau y:

C php: =SERIESSUM(x, n, m, coefficients)

x : gi tri nhp vo cho chui ly tha

n : ly tha khi to tng ti x

m : bc tng cho mi phn t trong chui

coefficients : tp hp h s s c nhn vi mi ly tha ca x

Lu :
Cc thng s ny phi l cc d liu kiu s, nu khng, hm s bo li #VALUE!

V d:
=SERIESSUM(5, 0, 2, {1, 2, 3, 4}) 64,426

Din gii chi tit: (x = 5, n = 0, m = 2, coefficients = 1, 2, 3, 4)

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SIGN

Tr v du ca s: 1 nu l s dng, 0 (zero) nu l s 0 v -1 nu l s m.

C php: =SIGN(number)

V d:
=SIGN(10) 1
=SIGN(4-4) 0
=SIGN(-0.057) -1

SIN

Tr v mt gi tri radian l sine ca mt s

C php: =SIN(number)

number: l s o goc, tinh theo radian

Lu :
Nu bn mun tnh SIN ca mt goc tinh theo , hy nhn n vi PI()/180, hoc s dng
hm RADIANS chuyn n t sang radian.

V d:

SINH

Tr v mt gi tri radian, l sine-hyperbol ca mt s.

C php: =SINH(number)

number: L mt s thc bt k

Lu :

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Sine-hyperbol ca mt s c tnh theo cng thc:

V d:

SQRT

Dng tinh cn bc hai ca mt s

C php: =SQRT(number)

number: S thc, dng (nu number < 0 hm s bo li #NUM!)

V d: Gi s A2, c con s -16

=SQRT(16) 4
=SQRT(A2) #NUM!
=SQRT(ABS(A2)) 4

SQRTPI

Dng tinh cn bc hai ca mt s nhn vi Pi (= 3.14159265358979)

C php: =SQRTPI(number)

number: S thc, dng nhn vi Pi (nu number < 0 hm s bo li #NUM!)

V d:
=SQRTPI(1) = 1.772454 (cn bc hai ca Pi)
=SQRTPI(2) = 2.506628 (cn bc hai ca 2*Pi)

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SUBTOTAL

Hm SUBTOTAL l mt hm rt linh hot nhng cng l mt trong cc hm hi kho s dng ca

Excel. iu kh hiu th nht chnh l ci tn ca n, v n thc s lm c nhiu th hn
ngha ca tn hm. i s th nht ca hm bt buc bn phi nh con s i din cho php tnh
cn thc hin trn tp s liu (t Excel 2007+ co tinh nng AutoComplete gip chng ta khoi nh
cc con s ny). Hm SUBTOTAL c Microsoft nng cp k t phin bn Excel 2003 vi s
gia tng cc tu chn cho i s th nht ca hm, tuy nhin iu ny dn n s khng tng
thch vi cc phin bn c nu chng ta s dng cc tinh nng mi b sung ny.

i s u tin ca ca hm SUBTOTAL xc inh hm thc s no s c s dng khi tnh ton

(xem trong danh sch bn di). V d nu i s l 1 th hm SUBTOTAL hot ng ging nhng
hm AVERAGE, nu i s th nht l 9 th hm hm SUBTOTAL hot ng ging nhng hm
SUM.

SUBTOTAL l hm tnh ton cho mt nhm con trong mt danh sch hoc bng d liu tu theo
php tnh m bn chn la trong i s th nht.

C php: =SUBTOTAL(function_num, ref1, ref2,...)

Function_num: Cc con s t 1 n 11 (hay 101 n 111) qui inh hm no s c dng tnh

ton trong SUBTOTAL

Ref1, ref2: Cc vng ia chi tham chiu m bn mun thc hin php tinh trn o. T Excel
2007+, bn c th dng n 254 ref (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s ny chi l 29)

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Lu :
Nu co hm SUBTOTAL khc t lng trong cc i s ref1, ref2, th cc hm lng ny
s bi bo qua khng c tnh, nhm trnh trng hp tnh ton 2 ln.
i s function_num nu t 1 n 11 th hm SUBTOTAL tnh ton bao gm c cc gi
tri n trong tp s liu (hng n). i sfunction_num nu t 101 n 111 th hm
SUBTOTAL chi tnh ton cho cc gi tri khng n trong tp s liu (bo qua cc gi tri n).
Hm SUBTOTAL s bo qua khng tnh ton tt c cc hng bi n bi lnh Filter (Auto
Filter) m khng ph thuc vo i s function_numc dng (1 ging 101...).
Hm SUBTOTAL c thit k tnh ton cho cc ct s liu theo chiu dc, n khng
c thit k tnh theo chiu ngang.
Hm ny chi tnh ton cho d liu 2-D, do vy nu d liu tham chiu dng 3-D (V d v
tham chiu 3-D: =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet13!B5) th hm SUBTOTAL bo li #VALUE!

V d:
=SUBTOTAL(9, {120, 10, 150, 23}) 303 = 120 + 10 + 150 + 23

=SUBTOTAL(1, {120, 10, 150, 23}) 75.75 = (120 + 10 + 150 + 23) / 4

SUM

Khi cng cc gi tri vi nhau trong Excel, ta c th dng du cng (+) hoc dng hm SUM

C php: =SUM(number1 [, number2...])

T Excel 2007+, bn c th dng SUM tnh tng ca 255 gi tri li vi nhau (trong nhng
version trc, con s ny chi l 30)

V d:
= SUM(A2:A13, C2:C13, E2:E13)

SUMIF

Tnh tng cc trong mt vng thoa mt iu kin cho trc.

C php: =SUMIF(range, criteria, sum_range)

Range : Day cc tnh tng, c th l cha s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n cc cha s.
rng v cha gi tri text s c bo qua.

Criteria : iu kin tnh tng. C th dng s, biu thc, hoc text. V d, criteria c th l
32, "32", "> 32", hoc "apple", v.v...

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Sum_range : L vng thc s tnh tng. Nu bo qua, Excel s coi nh sum_range = range.

Lu :
Sum_range khng nht thit phi cng kich thc vi range. Vng thc s tnh tng
c xc inh bng u tin pha trn bn tri ca sum_range, v bao gm thm nhng
tng ng vi kich thc ca range. V d:
Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B5, th vng thc s tnh tng l B1:B5
Nu Range l A1:A5, Sum_range l B1:B3, th vng thc s tnh tng l B1:B5
Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D4, th vng thc s tnh tng l C1:D4
Nu Range l A1:B4, Sum_range l C1:D2, th vng thc s tnh tng l C1:D4
C th dng cc k t i din trong iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t, du * i din
cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *, th g thm du ~ trc
du ? hay *).
Khi iu kin tnh tng l nhng k t, SUMIF khng phn bit ch thng hay ch
hoa.

V d: C bng tinh nh sau

Tnh tng ca nhng hu hng m c doanh thu > 160,000 ?

=SUMIF(A2:A5, ">160000", B2:B5) 63,000

Tnh tng ca nhng doanh thu > 160,000 ?

=SUMIF(A2:A5, ">160000") 900,000

Tnh tng ca nhng hu hng m c doanh thu = 300,000 ?

=SUMIF(A2:A5, "=300000", B2:B3) 21,000

SUMIFS (Excel 2007+)

Tnh tng cc trong mt vng thoa nhiu iu kin cho trc.

C php: =SUMIFS(sum_range, criteria_range1, criteria1, criteria_range2, criteria2, ...)

Sum_range: Day cc tnh tng, c th l cha s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n cc cha
s. rng v cha gi tri text s c bo qua.

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Criteria_range1, criteria_range2... : C th c t 1 n 127 vng dng lin kt vi cc iu

kin cho vng.

Criteria1, criteria2... : C th c t 1 n 127 iu kin tnh tng. Chng c th dng s,

biu thc, hoc text. V d, criteria c th l 32, "32", "> 32", hoc "apple", v.v...

Lu :
Mi trong sum_range chi c tnh tng nu tt c cc iu kin tng ng vi o u
ng. Nu thoa cc iu kin, n s bng 1, cn khng, th n bng 0.
Khng ging nh nhng i s range v criteria ca hm SUMIF, trong hm SUMIFS,
mi vng criteria_range phi co cng kich thc v hnh dng ging nh sum_range.
C th dng cc k t i din trong cc iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t, du * i
din cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *, th g thm du ~
trc du ? hay *)
Khi iu kin m l nhng k t, SUMIFS khng phn bit ch thng hay ch hoa.

V d:

V d: C bng tinh nh sau

Tnh tng s tin ca cc ti khon c li sut nm 2000 > 3% v lai sut nm 2001 2% ?
=SUMIFS(B2:E2, B3:E3, ">3%", B4:E4, ">=2%") $500

Tnh tng s tin ca cc ti khon c li sut nm 2002 l t 1% n 3% v li sut nm 2001>1%?

=SUMIFS(B2:E2, B5:E5, ">= 1%", B5:E5, "<= 3%", B4:E4, "> 1%") $8,711

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SUMPRODUCT

Tng ca tch (cc mng d liu)

C php: =SUMPRODUCT(array1, array2, ...)

array1, array2, ... : C th dng t 2 ti 255 mng (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s ny
chi l 30) v cc mng ny phi cng kich thc vi nhau

Lu :
Nu cc mng khng cng kich thc, SUMPRODUCT s bo li #VALUE!
Bt k mt phn t no trong mng khng phi l d liu kiu s, s c SUMPRODUCT
coi nh bng 0 (zero)

V d:

=SUMPRODUCT(A1:B3, C1:D3) 156

Cch tnh: 156 = (3*2)+(4*7)+(8*6)+(6*7)+(1*5)+(9*3)

Nu dng SUM vi cng thc mng, s cho kt qu tng ng:

{=SUM(A1:B3 * C1:D3)} tng ng =SUMPRODUCT(A1:B3, C1:D3) 156

SUMSQ

Dng tnh tng cc bnh phng ca cc s

C php: =SUMSQ(number1, number2, ...)

number1, number2, ... : C th dng n 255 tham s (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc, con s ny
chi l 30)

Cc tham s (number) c th l mt s, l mt mng, mt tn, hay l mt tham chiu n mt

cha s, v.v...

V d:
=SUMSQ(3, 4) (3^2) + (4^2) = 9 + 16 = 25

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SUMX2MY2

d nh tn ca ba hm ny, bn c chng t tri sang phi vi cc quy c sau:

SUM = Tng, M (Minus) = Tr (hiu s), P (Plus) = Cng (tng s), 2 = Bnh phng, X v Y l
hai mng g o, co cha nhiu phn t x v y

Vy, inh ngha v cch tinh ton ca 3 hm ny l:

SUMX2MY2: Tng ca hiu hai bnh phng ca cc phn t tng ng trong 2 mng d liu

SUMX2PY2: Tng ca tng hai bnh phng ca cc phn t tng ng trong 2 mng d liu

SUMXMY2: Tng ca bnh phng ca hiu cc phn t tng ng trong 2 mng d liu

C php: =SUMX2MY2(array_x, array_y)

=SUMX2PY2(array_x, array_y)
=SUMXMY2(array_x, array_y)

array_x v array_y l cc dy hoc gi tri kiu mng

Lu :
array_x v array_y bt buc phi co cng kich thc, nu khng, hm s bo li #NA!
Nu trong array_x hoc array_y c nhng gi tri kiu text, kiu logic hoc rng, th s c
bo qua (khng tnh), tuy nhin cc gi tri = 0 vn c tnh.

V d:
Vi hai mng X = {1, 2, 3, 4} v Y = {5, 6, 7, 8}

=SUMX2MY2({1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}) -144

Do (1^2 - 5^2) + (2^2 - 6^2) + (3^2 - 7^2) + (4^2 - 8^2) = -144

=SUMX2PY2({1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}) 204

Do (1^2 + 5^2) + (2^2 + 6^2) + (3^2 + 7^2) + (4^2 + 8^2) = -204

=SUMXMY2({1, 2, 3, 4}, {5, 6, 7, 8}) 64

Do (1 - 5)^2 + (2 - 6)^2 + (3 - 7)^2 + (4 - 8)^2 = 64

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SUMXPY2

Xem cch s dng ti hm SUMX2MY2.

SUMXMY2

Xem cch s dng ti hm SUMX2MY2.

TAN

Tr v mt gi tri radian, l tang ca mt s

C php: =TAN(number)

number : L s o goc, tinh theo radian

Lu :
Nu bn mun tnh TAN() ca mt goc tinh theo , hy nhn n vi PI()/180, hoc s
dng RADIANS() chuyn n t sang radian

V d:

TANH

Tr v mt gi tri radian, l tang-hyperbol ca mt s.

C php: =TANH(number)

number : L mt s thc bt k

Lu :
Tang-hyperbol ca mt s c tnh theo cng thc:

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V d:

TRUNC

Lm trn mt s thnh s nguyn bng cch loi bo phn thp phn ca no.

Xem thm cch s dng ti hm INT.

C php: =TRUNC(number, [num_digits])

Number Bt buc. S cn lm trn.

Num_digits Ty chn. L mt s xc inh chinh xc ca vic ct bt. Gi tri mc inh ca

num_digits l 0 (khng).

Lu :
Hm TRUNC v INT ging nhau ch c hai u tr v s nguyn. Hm TRUNC loi bo
phn thp phn ca mt s. Hm INT lm trn mt s ti s nguyn gn nht da vo gi
tri phn thp phn ca s o. Hm INT v TRUNC chi khc nhau khi dng cc s m:
TRUNC(-4,3) s tr v -4, nhng INT(-4,3) s tr v l -5 v -5 l s nho hn.

V d:
=TRUNC(8.9) 8 (Loi bo phn hp phn ca 8.9 tr v phn nguyn)
=TRUNC(-8.9) -8 (Loi bo phn hp phn ca s m tr v phn nguyn)
=TRUNC(0.45) 0 (Loi bo phn hp phn ca s nm gia 0 v 1, tr v phn nguyn)

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II.6. HM THNG K (STATISTICAL FUNCTIONS)

Cc hm thng k c th chia thnh 3 nhm nho sau: Nhm hm v Thng K, nhm hm v Phn
Phi Xc Sut, v nhm hm v Tng Quan v Hi Quy Tuyn Tnh.

AVERAGE

Tnh trung bnh (trung bnh cng) ca cc s.

C php: =AVERAGE(number1, number2, ...)

number1, number2, ... : Cc s dng tnh trung bnh. Ti thiu phi l 1 v ti a l 255 i
s (con s ny trong Excel 2003 tr v trc chi l 30). Cc i s c th l s, l tn, l mng hay
tham chiu n cc gi tri s.

Lu :
Nu i s l mt mng hay l mt tham chiu c cha text, gi tri logic, rng, cc gi
tri li, v.v... th cc gi tri o s c bo qua; tuy nhin, cc cha gi tri l zero (0) th
vn c tnh.
Nu cn tnh trung bnh c cc gi tri logic v cc gi tri text th hin s, bn s dng
hm AVERAGEA, vi cng c php.

V d:

AVERAGEA

Xem cch s dng ti hm AVERAGE.

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AVEDEV

Tr v sai s tuyt i trung bnh ca cc im d liu.

xc inh c gi tri cn o x theo mt tri s trung bnh, thng ta s dng mt php th c

thc hin n ln, nhm mc ich khc phc nhng sai s ngu nhin. Trong Excel, chng ta dng
hm AVERAGE() tnh tri s trung bnh ny, da theo cng thc:

Mc d cc sai s ngu nhin ca n ln th c th ngu nhin b tr ln nhau v ta a co c mt

gi tri l tng x, nhng v nguyn tc, ta phi chp nhn c lng sai s theo kiu ti a (sai s
tuyt i trung bnh), hay cn gi l ng ca kt qu, theo cng thc:

Trong Excel, chng ta dng hm AVEDEV() tnh cng thc ny.

C php: =AVEDEV(number1, number2, ...)

number1, number2, ... : C th c t 1 n 255 i s (con s ny trong Excel 2003 tr v trc

chi l 30). C th dng mng hoc tham chiu vo mng cc i s.

Lu :
i s phi l s hoc l tn, mng, hoc tham chiu c cha s.
Nu i s l mng hay tham chiu mng c cha nhng gi tri text, gi tri logic, rng...
th nhng gi tri ny s c bo qua, tuy nhin cc cha gi tri zero (0) th vn c tnh
ton.
AVEDEV lun chiu nh hng bi n vi o lng ca d liu.

V d:
=AVEDEV(4, 5, 6, 7, 5, 4, 3) = 1.020408 (sai s tuyt i trung bnh ca cc i s)

AVERAGEIF

Tr v trung bnh cng (s hc) ca tt c cc c chn thoa mn mt iu kin cho trc.

C php: =AVERAGEIF(range, criteria, average_range)

range : L mt hoc nhiu cn tnh trung bnh, c th bao gm cc con s, cc tn vng, cc

mng hoc cc tham chiu n cc gi tri...

criteria : L iu kin di dng mt s, mt biu thc, ia chi hoc chui, qui inh vic tnh
trung bnh cho nhng no...

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Hm Thng K (Statistical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 170

average_range : L tp hp cc tht s c tnh trung bnh. Nu bo trng th Excel

dng range tnh.

Lu :
Cc trong range nu c cha nhng gi tri lun l (TRUE hoc FALSE) th s c bo
qua.
Nhng rng trong average_range cng s c bo qua.
Nu range rng hoc c cha d liu text, AVERAGEIF s bo li #DIV/0!
Nu c mt no trong criteria rng, AVERAGEIF s xem nh no bng 0.
Nu khng c no trong range thoa man iu kiu ca criteria, AVERAGEIF s bo li
#DIV/0!
Bn c th cc k t i din nh ?, * trong criteria (du ? thay cho mt k t no o, v
du * thay cho mt chui no o). Khi iu kin trong criteria l chnh cc du ? hoc *,
th bn g thm du ~ trc n.
average_range khng nht thit phi co cng kich thc vi range, m cc thc s c
tnh trung bnh s dng trn cng bn tri caaverage_range lm bt u, v bao gm
thm nhng tng ng vi kich thc ca range. Xem v d sau:

V d:

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Hm Thng K (Statistical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 171

V d:

AVERAGEIFS

Tr v trung bnh cng (s hc) ca tt c cc c chn thoa mn nhiu iu kin cho trc.

C php: =AVERAGEIFS(average_range, criteria_range1,

criteria1, criteria_range2, criteria2, ...)

average_range : Vng cn tnh trung bnh, c th bao gm cc con s, cc tn vng, cc mng

hoc cc tham chiu n cc gi tri...

criteria_range1, criteria_range2, ... : Vng cha nhng iu kin tnh trung bnh. C th khai
bo t 1 n 127 vng.

criteria1, criteria2, ... : L cc iu kin tnh trung bnh. C th khai bo t 1 n 127 iu

kin, di dng s, biu thc, tham chiu hoc chui...

Lu :
Nu average_range rng hoc c cha d liu text, AVERAGEIFS s bo li #DIV/0!
Nu c mt no trong nhng vng criteria_range rng, AVERAGEIFS s xem nh no
bng 0.
Nhng gi tri logic: TRUE s c xem l 1, v FALSE s c xem l 0.
Mi trong average_range chi c tnh trung bnh nu thoa tt c iu kin quy inh cho
o
Khng ging nh AVERAGEIF(), mi vng criteria_range phi co cng kich thc
vi average_range
Nu c mt no trong average_range khng th chuyn i sang dng s, hoc nu khng
c no thoa tt c cc iu kin, AVERAGEIFS s bo li #DIV/0!
C th cc k t i din nh ?, * cho cc iu kin (du ? thay cho mt k t no o, v
du * thay cho mt chui no o). Khi iu kin trong criteria l chnh cc du ? hoc *,
th bn g thm du ~ trc n.

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Hm Thng K (Statistical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 172

V d:

V d:

BETADIST

Tr v gi tri ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tich ly beta.

Thng thng hm ny c dng nghin cu s bin thin v phn trm cc mu, v d nh

khong thi gian m ngi ta dng xem TV trong mt ngy chng hn.

C php: =BETADIST(x, alpha, beta, A, B)

x : Gi tri gia A v B, dng tnh mt hm.

alpha & beta : Tham s ca phn phi.

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Hm Thng K (Statistical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 173

A : Cn di ca khong x, mc inh l 0.

B : Cn trn ca khong x, mc inh l 1.

Lu :
Nu c bt k i s no khng phi l s, BETADIST() tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu alpha 0 hay beta 0, BETADIST() tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu x < A, x > B hay A = B, BETADIST() tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu bo qua A v B, ngha l mc inh A = 0 v B = 1, BETADIST() s s dng phn phi
tich ly beta chun ha.

V d:
=BETADIST(2, 8, 10, 1, 3) = 0.6854706

BETA.DIST (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm BETADIST.

BETAINV

Tr v nghich o ca hm tnh mt phn phi xc sut tich ly beta.

Ngha l nu xc sut = BETADIST(x, ...) th x = BETAINV(xc sut, ...)

Thng dng trong vic ln k hoch d n, m phong s ln m rng xc sut, bit trc thi
gian b sung k vng v bin i.

C php: =BETAINV(probability, alpha, beta, A, B)

Probability : Xc sut ca bin c x trong phn phi xc sut tich ly beta.

alpha & beta : Tham s ca phn phi.

A : Cn di ca khong x, mc inh l 0.

B : Cn trn ca khong x, mc inh l 1.

Lu :
Nu c bt k i s no khng phi l s, BETAINV() tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu alpha 0 hay beta 0, BETAINV() tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu probability 0 hay probability > 1, BETAINV() tr v gi tri li #NUM!

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Hm Thng K (Statistical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 174

Nu bo qua A v B, ngha l mc inh A = 0 v B = 1, BETAINV() s s dng phn phi

tich ly beta chun ha.
BETAINV() s dng phng php lp khi tnh mt phn phi. Vi probability cho
trc, BETAINV() lp cho ti khi kt qu chnh xc trong khong 0.0000003. Nu
BETAINV() khng hi t sau 100 ln lp, n s tr v gi tri li #NA!

V d:
=BETAINV(0.6854706, 8, 10, 1, 3) = 2

BETA.INV (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm BETAINV.

BINOMDIST

Tr v xc sut ca nhng ln th thnh cng ca phn phi nhi phn.

BINOMDIST() thng c dng trong cc bi ton c s lng c inh cc php th, khi kt
qu ca cc php th chi l thnh cng hay tht bi, khi cc php th l c lp, v khi xc xut
thnh cng l khng i qua cc cuc th nghim.

V d, c th dng BINOMDIST() tnh xc sut khong hai phn ba a tr c sinh ra l b

trai.

C php: =BINOMDIST(number_s, trials, probability_s, cumulative)

Number_s : S ln th thnh cng trong cc php th.

Trials : S ln th.

Probability_s : Xc sut thnh cng ca mi php th.

Cumulative : Mt gi tri logic xc inh hm tnh xc sut.

1 (TRUE) : BINOMDIST() tr v hm tnh xc sut tich ly, l xc sut c s ln thnh
cng number_s ln nht.
0 (FALSE) : BINOMDIST() tr v hm tnh xc sut im (hay l hm khi lng xc
sut), l xc sut m s ln thnh cng l number_s.

Lu :
Nu number_s v trials l s thp phn, chng s c ct bo phn l tr thnh s
nguyn.

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Nu number_s, trials hay probability_s khng phi l s, BINOMDIST() tr v gi tri li

#VALUE!
Nu number_s < 0 hay number_s > trials, BINOMDIST() tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu probability_s < 0 hay probability_s > 1, BINOMDIST() tr v gi tri li #NUM!

V d:
=BINOMDIST(6, 10, 0.5, 0) = 0.2050781
=BINOMDIST(6, 10, 0.5, 1) = 0.828125

BINOM.DIST (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm BINOMDIST. Hm ny thay th cho hm BINOMDIST trong cc

phin bn trc Excel 2010.

BINOM.DIST.RANGE (Excel 2013)

Tr v xc sut ca nhng ln th thnh cng (trong khong) ca phn phi nhi phn.

C php: =BINOM.DIST.RANGE(trials,probability_s,number_s,[number_s2])

Trials: Bt buc. S php th c lp. Phi ln hn hoc bng 0.

Probability_s: Bt buc. Xc sut thnh cng trong mi php th. Phi ln hn hoc bng 0 v
nho hn hoc bng 1.

Number_s: Bt buc. S ln thnh cng trong cc php th. Phi ln hn hoc bng 0 v nho hn
hoc bng Php th.

Number_s2: Ty chn. Nu s dng i s ny th kt qu hm s tr v xc sut m s php th

thnh cng s ri vo gia Number_s v number_s2. Number_s2 phi ln hn hoc bng
Number_s v nho hn hoc bng Trials.

Lu :
Nu bt k i s no nm ngoi gii hn, BINOM.DIST.RANGE s tr v gi tri li
#NUM! .
Nu bt k i s no khng l gi tri s, BINOM.DIST.RANGE s tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!.
Phng trnh sau c s dng:

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Hm Thng K (Statistical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 176

Trong phng trnh trn, N l Trials, p l Probability_s, s l Number_s, s2 l Number_s2

v k l bin lp.
Cc i s dng s bi ct ct thnh s nguyn.

V d:

BINOM.INV (Excel 2010)

Tr v gi tri nho nht co phn b nhi thc ly tich ln hn hoc bng gi tri tiu chun.

C php: =BINOM.INV(trials,probability_s,alpha)

Trials Bt buc. S php th Bernoulli.

Probability_s Bt buc. Xc sut thnh cng ca mi php th.

Alpha Bt buc. Gi tri tiu chun.

Lu :
Nu i s khng phi dng s, BINOM.INV tr v gi tri li #VALUE! .
Nu php th khng phi s nguyn th no bi ct ct.
Nu php th < 0, BINOM.INV tr v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu probability_s < 0 hoc probability_s > 1, BINOM.INV tr v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu alpha < 0 hoc alpha > 1, BINOM.INV tr v gi tri li #NUM! .

V d:

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CHIDIST

Tr v xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared.

Phn phi chi-squared kt hp vi php th chi-squared dng so snh cc gi tri quan st vi

cc gi tri k vng.

V d, mt th nghim v di truyn c th gi thit rng th h k tip ca cc cy trng s tha

hng mt tp hp cc mu sc no o; bng cch so snh cc gi tri quan st c vi cc gi tri
k vng, c th thy c gi thit ban u l ng hay sai.

C php: =CHIDIST(x, degrees_freedom)

x : Gi tri dng tnh phn phi.

degrees_freedom : S bc t do.

Lu :
Nu cc i s khng phi l s, CHIDIST() tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu x < 0, CHIDIST() tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu degrees_freedom khng phi l s nguyn, phn thp phn ca n s bi ct bo tr
thnh s nguyn.
Nu degrees_freedom < 1 hay degrees_freedom > 10^10, CHIDIST() tr v gi tri li
#NUM!
CHIDIST() c tnh ton theo cng thc: CHIDIST = P(X > x), vi X l bin ngu
nhin chi-squared.

V d:
=CHIDIST(18.307, 10) = 0.050001

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CHIINV

Tr v nghich o ca xc xut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared.

Ngha l nu xc sut = CHIDIST(x, ...) th x = CHIINV(xc sut, ...)

C php: =CHIINV(probability, degrees_freedom)

probability : Xc sut mt pha ca phn phi chi-squared.

degrees_freedom : S bc t do.

Lu :
Nu cc i s khng phi l s, CHIINV() tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu probability < 0 hay probability > 1, CHIINV() tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu degrees_freedom khng phi l s nguyn, phn thp phn ca n s bi ct bo tr
thnh s nguyn.
Nu degrees_freedom < 1 hay degrees_freedom > 10^10, CHIINV() tr v gi tri li
#NUM!
CHIINV() s dng phng php lp khi tnh mt phn phi. Vi probability cho trc,
CHIINV() lp cho ti khi kt qu chnh xc trong khong 0.0000003. Nu CHIINV()
khng hi t sau 100 ln lp, n s tr v gi tri li #NA!

V d:
=CHIINV(0.05, 10) = 18.307

CHISQ.DIST (Excel 2010)

Tr v phn phi khi bnh phng.

Phn phi khi bnh phng thng c dng tm hiu bin th dng phn trm ca ci g o
trong cc mu, chng hn nh phn s ca s ngy mi ngi xem ti vi.

C php: =CHISQ.DIST(x,deg_freedom,cumulative)

X Bt buc. Gii tri bn mun nh gi phn phi.

Deg_freedom Bt buc. S bc t do.

Cumulative Bt buc. Mt gi tri l-gic quyt inh dng thc ca hm. Nu Cumulative l
TRUE th CHISQ.DIST tr v hm phn phi tch ly; nu Cumulative l FALSE, n tr v hm
mt xc sut.

Lu :

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Nu bt k i s no khng phi dng s, CHISQ.DIST tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.

Nu x m, CHISQ.DIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu deg_freedom khng phi l s nguyn th no bi ct ct.
Nu deg_freedom < 1 hoc deg_freedom > 10^10, CHISQ.DIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!.

V d:

CHISQ.DIST.RT (Excel 2010)

Tr v xc sut u bn phi ca phn phi khi bnh phng.

Phn phi 2 gn vi kim th 2. Hay dng kim th 2 so snh cc gi tri quan st c v

d kin.

V d, th nghim di truyn c th a ra gi thuyt rng th h tip theo ca cy trng s co mt

b mu nht inh. Bng cch so snh kt qu quan st c vi kt qu d kin, bn c th xc
inh gi thuyt ban u ca mnh c hp l hay khng.

C php: =CHISQ.DIST.RT(x,deg_freedom)

X Bt buc. Gi tri bn mun nh gi phn phi.

Deg_freedom Bt buc. S bc t do.

Lu :
Nu i s khng phi dng s, hm CHISQ.DIST.RT tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.
Nu bt k i s no khng phi dng s, hm CHISQ.DIST.RT tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!.
Nu deg_freedom khng phi l s nguyn th no bi ct ct.
Nu deg_freedom < 1 hoc deg_freedom > 10^10, CHISQ.DIST.RT tr v gi tri li
#NUM!.

V d:

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CHISQ.INV (Excel 2010)

Tr v gi tri nghich o ca xc sut u bn tri ca phn phi khi bnh phng.

Phn phi khi bnh phng thng c dng tm hiu bin th dng phn trm ca ci g o
trong cc mu, chng hn nh phn s ca s ngy mi ngi xem ti vi.

C php: =CHISQ.INV(probability,deg_freedom)

Probability Bt buc. Xc sut gn vi phn phi khi bnh phng.

Deg_freedom Bt buc. S bc t do.

Lu :
Nu i s khng phi dng s, CHISQ.INV tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.
Nu xc sut < 0 hoc xc sut > 1, CHISQ.INV tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu deg_freedom khng phi l s nguyn th no bi ct ct.
Nu deg_freedom < 1 hoc deg_freedom > 10^10, CHISQ.INV tr v gi tri li #NUM!.

V d:

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CHISQ.INV.RT (Excel 2010)

Tr v gi tri nghich o ca xc sut u bn phi ca phn phi khi bnh phng.

Nu xc sut =CHISQ.DIST.RT(x,...) th CHISQ.INV.RT(probability,...) = x. Hy dng hm ny

so snh kt qu quan st c vi kt qu d kin xc inh gi thuyt ban u ca bn c
hp l hay khng.

C php: =CHISQ.INV.RT(probability,deg_freedom)

Probability Bt buc. Xc sut gn vi phn phi khi bnh phng.

Deg_freedom Bt buc. S bc t do.

Lu :
Nu i s khng phi dng s, CHISQ.INV.RT tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.
Nu xc sut < 0 hoc xc sut > 1, CHISQ.INV.RT tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu deg_freedom khng phi l s nguyn th no bi ct ct.
Nu deg_freedom < 1, CHISQ.INV.RT tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Cho trc gi tri no o cho xc sut, CHISQ.INV.RT tm kim gi tri x o
CHISQ.DIST.RT(x, deg_freedom) = xc sut. Do o, tinh chinh xc ca CHISQ.INV.RT
ty thuc vo tnh chnh xc ca CHISQ.DIST.RT. CHISQ.INV.RT dng k thut tm
kim tng tc. Nu tm kim vn cha ng quy sau 64 ln lp, hm s tr v gi tri li
#N/A.

V d:

CHITEST

Tr v gi tri ca xc xut t phn phi chi-squared (2)v s bc t do tng ng.

C th dng cc php th chi-squared xc inh xem kt qu gi inh co c kim chng hay

khng trong mt th nghim.

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C php: =CHITEST(actual_range, expected_range)

Actual_range : Dy d liu cha cc gi tri i chiu vi cc gi tri k vng.

Expected_range : Dy gi tri cha t l gm mt tch s (ca tng cc dng v tng cc ct) i

vi tng thnh phn.

Lu :
Nu actual_range v expected_range c s im d liu khc nhau, CHITEST tr v gi
tri li #NA!
Trc tin, kim th 2 tinh ton s liu thng k 2 bng cch dng cng thc:

trong o:

Aij = tn sut thc t trong hng th i, ct th j

Eij = tn sut d kin trong hng th i, ct th j
r = s hng
c = s ct

Gi tri di ca 2 l chi bo ca tinh c lp. Nh co th thy t cng thc, 2 lun dng

hoc bng 0 v bng 0 chi khi Aij = Eij cho mi i,j.
CHISQ.TEST tr v xc sut m gi tri ca s liu thng k 2 it nht cao bng gi tri c
tnh bng cng thc trn c th a tnh c xy ra khi gi inh tinh c lp. Khi tnh ton
xc sut ny, CHISQ.TEST dng phn phi 2 vi s bc t do thch hp, df. Nu r > 1 v
c > 1th df = (r - 1)(c - 1). Nu r = 1 v c > 1 th df = c - 1 hoc nu r > 1 v c = 1 th df =
r - 1. Khng cho php r = c= 1 v tr v #N/A.
Dng CHISQ.TEST thch hp nht khi cc Eij khng qu nho. Mt s nh thng k
xut rng mi Eij cn ln hn hoc bng 5.

V d:
y l bn thm d kin v mt vn vi 2 bc t do (Men v Women), trong o bao gm cc
gi tri k vng v cc gi tri thc t:

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Hm Thng K (Statistical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 183

CHISQ.TEST (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm CHITEST.

CONFIDENCE

Tr v khong tin cy cho mt k vng l thuyt. Khong tin cy l mt dy nm mt trong hai

pha ca trung bnh mu.

V d, nu t mua hng qua mng, dng CONFIDENCE bn c th c lng thi hn sm nht

hoc tr nht bn nhn c hng.

C php: =CONFIDENCE(alpha, standard_dev, size)

Alpha : Mc co ngha tnh mc tin cy. Mc tin cy s bng 100x(1-alpha)%; v

d, alpha = 0.05 cho bit c 95% mc tin cy.

Standard_dev : lch chun, c xem nh l a bit trc.

Size : S lng mu th, hay kich thc mu th.

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Lu :
Nu c bt k i s no khng phi l s, CONFIDENCE tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu alpha 0 hay alpha 1, CONFIDENCE tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu standard_dev 0, CONFIDENCE tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu size khng phi l s nguyn, phn thp phn ca n s bi ct bo tr thnh s
nguyn.
Nu standard_dev < 1, CONFIDENCE tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu chng ta gi inh alpha bng 0,05, chng ta cn tnh ton vng nm di ng cong
chun thng thng (1 - alpha), hay 95 phn trm. Gi tri ny l 1,96. Do o khong tin
cy l:

V d:
Gi s chng ta quan st thi gian i lm ca 50 nhn vin, thy rng trung bnh h i t nh n
ni lm mt ht 30 pht, bit lch chun l 2.5, v co 95% tin cy, hay tinh k vng l
thuyt ca khong thi gian t nh n ni lm?

=CONFIDENCE(0.05, 2.5, 50) 0.692952

Ngha l k vng l thuyt ca khong thi gian t nh n ni lm s bng 30 0.692952, tc

l trong khong t 29.3 n 30.7 pht.

CONFIDENCE.NORM (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm CONFIDENCE.

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CONFIDENCE.T (Excel 2010)

Tr v khong tin cy ca trung bnh tng th, bng cch dng phn phi t ca Student.

C php: =CONFIDENCE.T(alpha,standard_dev,size)

Alpha Bt buc. Mc quan trng c dng tnh ton mc tin cy. Mc tin cy bng 100*(1
- alpha)%, hay ni cch khc, alpha 0,05 cho bit mc tin cy 95 phn trm.

Standard_dev Bt buc. lch chun tng th cho phm vi d liu v c gi inh l a

c xc inh.

Size Bt buc. C mu.

Lu :
Nu bt k i s no khng phi dng s, hm CONFIDENCE.T tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!.
Nu alpha 0 hoc alpha 1, hm CONFIDENCE.T tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu standard_dev 0, hm CONFIDENCE.T tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu size khng phi l s nguyn th no bi ct ct.
Nu size bng 1, hm CONFIDENCE.T tr v gi tri li #DIV/0!.

V d:

CORREL

Tr v h s tng quan ca hai mng array1 v array2.

Thng c dng xc inh mi quan h ca hai c tnh. V d, bn c th kho st mi quan

h gia nhit trung bnh ca mt ni vi vic s dng cc my iu ha nhit .

H s tng quan chi ra mi quan h tuyn tnh gia hai mng. H s tng quan dng (> 0) co
ngha l hai mng s ng bin; h s tng quan m (< 0) co ngha l hai mng s nghich bin.

C php: =CORREL(array1, array2)

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Array1, array2 : Cc mng d liu tnh h s tng quan.

Lu :
i s phi l s, l tn, mng, hay tham chiu c cha s.
Nu i s l mng hay tham chiu c cha text, gi tri logic, rng, th cc gi tri ny s
c bo qua; tuy nhin nhng cha gi tri 0 (zero) vn c tnh.
Nu array1 v array2 c s lng cc im d liu khng bng nhau, CORREL s tr v
gi tri li #NA!
Nu array1 hoc array2 l rng, hoc nu lch chun c gi tri bng 0, CORREL() s
tr v gi tri li #DIV/0!
CORREL() tnh ton theo cng thc sau:

V d:
Tnh h s tng quan gia hai mng d liu sau:
(A1:A5) = {3, 2, 4, 5, 6}
(B1:B5) = {9, 7, 12, 15, 17}

=CORREL(A1:A5, B1:B5) 0.997054

COUNT

m s c cha s ln cc s bn trong danh sch cc i s.

Thng dng hm COUNT ly s mc trong mt dy hoc trong mt mng cc s.

C php: =COUNT(value1, value2, ...)

=COUNTA(value1, value2, ...)

value1, value2, ... : C th c t 1 n 255 i s (con s ny trong Excel 2003 tr v trc chi l
30), cc i s c th cha hoc tham chiu ti nhiu loi d liu khc nhau, nhng chi nhng i
s c cha s mi c m.

Lu :
Nhng i s l s, ngy thng, hay cc ch th hin s s c m; cn nhng i s l
gi tri li hay cc ch khng th dich thnh s s bi bo qua
Nu i s l mng hoc tham chiu, th chi cc s trong mng hoc tham chiu o mi
c m; cn cc rng, cc gi tri logic, text, hay gi tri li trong mng hay tham chiu
o s bi bo qua

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Nu cn m cc gi tri logic, text, hay cc gi tri li, bn s dng hm COUNTA, vi

cng c php. COUNTA thng c dng m cc "khng rng" bn trong mt
danh sch.

V d:

COUNTA

Xem cch s dng ti hm COUNT.

COUNTBLANK

m s rng trong mt vng.

C php: =COUNTBLANK(range)

Range : Day cc m s rng co trong o.

Lu :
Cc c cha cng thc tr v l mt chui rng cng s c m nh cc rng bnh thng.
Nhng cc co cha gi tri = 0 s khng c m.

V d: C bng tinh nh sau:

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Hm Thng K (Statistical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 188

=COUNTBLANK(A2:C5) 10

COUNTIF

m s lng cc trong mt vng thoa mt iu kin cho trc.

C php: =COUNTIF(range, criteria)

Range : Day cc m, c th l cha s, text, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n cc cha s.
rng s c bo qua.

Criteria : iu kin m. C th dng s, biu thc, hoc text. V d, criteria c th l 32,

"32", "> 32", hoc "apple", v.v...

Lu :
C th dng cc k t i din trong iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t, du * i din
cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *, th g thm du ~ trc
du ? hay *)
Khi iu kin m l nhng k t, COUNTIF() khng phn bit ch thng hay ch
hoa.

V d: C bng tinh nh sau

m s c ch "To" trong dy A2:A5

=COUNTIF(A2:A5, "To") 2

m s c ch "L" trong dy A2:A5

=COUNTIF(A2:A5, A4) 1

m s c ch "To" vo s c cha ch "L" trong dy A2:A5)

=COUNTIF(A2:A5, A3) + COUNTIF(A2:A5, A2) 3

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m s c gi tri > 55 trong dy B2:B5

=COUNTIF(B2:B5, "> 55") 2

m s c gi tri khc 75 trong dy B2:B5

=COUNTIF(B2:B5, "<>" & B4) 3

m s c gi tri ln hn hoc bng 32, nhng khng ln hn 85, trong day B2:B5
=COUNTIF(B2:B5, ">=32") - COUNTIF(B2:B5, ">85") 3

V d: C bng tinh nh sau

m s c 2 ch cui l "es" trong dy A2:A7

=COUNTIF(A2:A7, "*es") 2

m s c 2 ch cui l "es" trong dy A2:B7

=COUNTIF(A2:B7, "*es") 6

m s c 2 ch cui l "es" trong dy A2:A7 m c chnh xc 7 ch k t

=COUNTIF(A2:A7, "?????es") 2

m s c ch (text) trong dy A2:A7

=COUNTIF(A2:A7, "*") 4

m s khng cha ch (text) trong dy A2:A7

=COUNTIF(A2:A7, "<>"&"*") 2

Tnh t l s cha ch "No" trong dy B2:B7, bao gm c nhng rng

=COUNTIF(B2:B7, "No") / ROWS(B2:B7) 33%

Tnh t l s cha ch "Yes" trong dy B2:B7, khng tnh nhng rng

=COUNTIF(B2:B7, "Yes") / (ROWS(B2:B7) - COUNTIF(B2:B7, "<>" & "*")) 0.5 = 50%

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Hm Thng K (Statistical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 190

COUNTIFS

m s lng cc trong mt vng thoa nhiu iu kin cho trc.

C php: =COUNTIFS(range1, criteria1, range2, criteria2, ...)

Range1, range2... : C th c t 1 n 127 day cc m. Chng c th l cha s, text, tn,

mng, hay tham chiu n cc cha s, rng s c bo qua.

Criteria1, criteria2... : C th c t 1 n 127 iu kin m. Chng c th dng s, biu

thc, hoc text. V d, criteria c th l 32, "32", "> 32", hoc "apple", v.v...

Lu :
Mi trong range chi c m nu tt c cc iu kin tng ng vi o u ng.
Nu criteria l mt rng, Excel s xem nh o cha s 0.
C th dng cc k t i din trong cc iu kin: du ? i din cho mt k t, du * i
din cho nhiu k t (nu nh iu kin l tm nhng du ? hoc *, th g thm du ~
trc du ? hay *)
Khi iu kin m l nhng k t, COUNTIF() khng phn bit ch thng hay ch
hoa.

V d: Vi bng tnh v d 1 bi trn (hm COUNTIF), nu dng hm COUNTIFS th ngn hn

nhiu:

m s c gi tri ln hn hoc bng 32, nhng khng ln hn 85, trong day B2:B5
=COUNTIF(B2:B5, ">=32") - COUNTIF(B2:B5, ">85") 3

=COUNTIFS(B2:B5, ">=32", B2:B5, "<85") 3

V d: C bng tinh nh sau

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Hm Thng K (Statistical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 191

m s ln Davolio vt hn mc doanh thu Widgets, Gadgets v Doodads ?

=COUNTIFS(B3:D3, "=Yes") 1 ( Widgets)

Co bao nhin nhn vin bn hng vt hn mc doanh thu c Widgets v Gadgets ?

=COUNTIFS(B3:B6, "=Yes", C3:C6, "=Yes") 2 (Buchanan v Suyama)

Leverling v Buchanan cng vt hn mc doanh thu Widgets, Gadgets v Doodads my ln ?

=COUNTIFS(B6:D6, "=Yes", B4:D4, "=Yes") 1 ( Gadgets)

COVAR

Tr v hip phng sai tng th (hay cn gi l ng phng sai - covariance).

Hip phng sai l trung bnh ca tch cc cp sai lch, ngha l tinh tinh s cc lch ca mi
cp d liu, ri tnh trung bnh ca cc tich o.

C php: =COVAR(array1, array2)

Array1, array2: L dy th nht v dy th hai (cha nhng s nguyn, v c s im d liu

ging nhau) tnh hip phng sai.

Lu :
Array phi l s, tn. mng hay tham chiu n cc c cha s.
Nu Array l mng hay tham chiu c cha cc gi tri text, logic, hay rng, th cc gi
tri o s c bo qua; tuy nhin, cha gi tri zero (0) th vn c tnh.
Nu array1 v array2 c s im d liu khc nhau, COVAR s tr v gi tri li #NA!
Nu array1 hay array2 rng, COVAR() s tr v gi tri li #DIV/0!
COVAR c tnh theo cng thc sau:

V d:
C hai dy sau: Data1 = {3, 2, 4, 5, 6} v Data2 = {9, 7, 12, 15, 17}

=COVAR({3, 2, 4, 5, 6}, {9, 7, 12, 15, 17}) 5.2

=COVARIANCE.P({3, 2, 4, 5, 6}, {9, 7, 12, 15, 17}) 5.2

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COVARIANCE.P (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm COVAR.

COVARIANCE.S (Excel 2010)

Tr v hip phng sai mu, trung bnh tich ca cc lnh cho mi cp im d liu trong hai
tp d liu.

C php: =COVARIANCE.S(array1,array2)

Array1 Bt buc. Phm vi th nht cha cc s nguyn.

Array2 Bt buc. Phm vi th hai cha cc s nguyn.

Lu :
Cc i s phi l s hoc tn, mng hoc tham chiu cha s.
Nu mt i s tham chiu hay mng co cha gi tri l-gic, vn bn hay trng, th nhng
gi tri ny s bi bo qua; tuy nhin nhng co gi tri bng khng s c bao gm.
Nu array1 v array2 co cc s im d liu khc nhau, hm COVARIANCE.S tr v gi
tri li #N/A.
Nu array1 hoc array2 trng hoc chi cha 1 im d liu mi mng, hm
COVARIANCE.S tr v gi tri li #DIV/0!.

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V d:

Hip phng sai mu v tng th (COVARIANCE)

COVARIANCE.S: Hip phng sai mu

Cho cc cp (x1, y1), (x2, y2), , (xn, yn), hip phng sai mu Sxy c tnh bng cng thc:

COVARIANCE.P: Hip phng sai tng th

Cho cc cp (x1, y1), (x2, y2), , (xN, yN), hip phng sai tng th xy c tnh bng cng
thc sau:

V d: So snh COVARIANCE.P v COVARIANCE.S

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T s ca hai cng thc tnh hip phng sai l nh nhau, chi khc nhau mu s. Nu xem tp hp
m mu th mu s s l (n-1), nu xem tp hp l tng th th mu s l N.

CRITBINOM

Tr v gi tri nho nht sao cho phn phi nhi phn tich ly ti o ln hn hay bng gi tri tiu
chun alpha.

Hm ny thng c dng trong bo m cht lng. V d, dng xc inh s lng ln nht

cc thnh phn bi li loi ra khoi l hng m cn phi loi bo c l hng.

C php: =CRITBINOM(trials, probability_s, alpha)

Trials : S ln th Bernoulli.

Probability_s : Xc sut thnh cng ca mt ln th.

Alpha : Gi tri iu kin.

Lu :
Nu c bt k i s no khng phi l s, CRITBINOM() tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu trials khng phi l s nguyn, phn thp phn ca n s bi ct bo tr thnh s
nguyn.
Nu trials < 0, CRITBINOM() s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

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Nu probability_s < 0 hay probability_s > 1, CRITBINOM() s tr v li #NUM!

Nu alpha < 0 hay alpha > 1, CRITBINOM() s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

V d:
Vi 6 ln th Bernoulli, xc sut thnh cng trong mt ln th l 0.5, gi tri nho nht m phn
phi nhi phn tich ly ti o ln hn hay bng gi tri tiu chun 0.75 c tnh theo cng thc:

=CRITBINOM(6, 0.5, 0.75) 4

DEVSQ

Tr v tng bnh phng cc sai lch gia cc im d liu t trung bnh mu ca chng, ri cng
cc bnh phng li.

C php: =DEVSQ(number1, number2)

Number1, number2, ... : C th c t 1 n 255 i s. Cng co th dng mt mng n hay mt

tham chiu mng.

Lu :
Cc i s phi l s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu ti cc cha s.
Nu cc i s l mng hay tham chiu c cha cc gi tri text, logic, hay rng, th cc
gi tri o s c bo qua; tuy nhin, cha gi tri zero (0) th vn c tnh.
DEVSQ() c tnh theo cng thc sau y:

V d:
=DEVSQ(4, 5, 8, 7, 11, 4, 3) 48

EXPONDIST

Tnh phn phi hm m: tr v xc sut ca phn phi hm m.

Thng c dng m phong khong thi gian gia cc bin c, nh my ATM s mt khong
bao lu xa tin ra; hay l tm xc sut sao cho tin trnh o chi tn ti a l 30 giy...

C php: =EXPONDIST(x, lambda, cumulative)

x : Gi tri ca hm m.

Lambda : Tham s lambda.

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Cumulative : Mt gi tri logic, cho bit dng no ca hm s m s c s dng:

1 (TRUE) : EXPONDIST() tr v hm phn phi tich ly

0 (FALSE) : EXPONDIST() tr v hm mt xc sut

Lu :
Nu x hay lambda khng phi l s, EXPONDIST() tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu x < 0, EXPONDIST() tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu lambda < 0, EXPONDIST() tr v gi tri li #NUM!

V d:
Vi x = 0.2 v lambda =10, ta c:
=EXPONDIST(0.2, 10, 1) 0.864664717
=EXPONDIST(0.2, 10, 0) 1.353352832

EXPON.DIST (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm EXPONDIST.

F.DIST (Excel 2010)

Tr v phn phi xc sut F.

Bn co th dng hm ny xc inh hai tp d liu co mc a dng khc nhau hay khng. Vi d,

bn co th xem xt im kim tra ca hc sinh nam v hc sinh n ti trng trung hc v xc
inh mc bin i trong hc sinh n co khc vi mc o trong hc sinh nam khng.

C php: =F.DIST(x,deg_freedom1,deg_freedom2,cumulative)

X Bt buc. Gi tri nh gi hm.

Deg_freedom1 Bt buc. Bc t do t s.

Deg_freedom2 Bt buc. Bc t do mu s.

Cumulative Bt buc. Mt gi tri l-gic quyt inh dng thc ca hm. Nu cumulative l
TRUE, hm F.DIST tr v hm phn phi tch ly; nu FALSE, no tr v hm mt xc sut.

Lu :
Nu bt k i s no khng phi l s, hm F.DIST tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.

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Nu x l s m, hm F.DIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!.

Nu deg_freedom1 hoc deg_freedom2 khng phi l s nguyn th no bi ct ct.
Nu deg_freedom1 < 1, hm F.DIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu deg_freedom2 < 1, hm F.DIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!.

V d:

F.DIST.RT (Excel 2010)

Tr v phn phi xc sut F (bn phi) cho hai tp d liu. Hm ny thay cho hm FDIST.

Bn co th dng hm ny xc inh hai tp d liu co mc a dng khc nhau hay khng. Vi d,

bn co th xem xt im kim tra ca hc sinh nam v hc sinh n ti trng trung hc v xc
inh mc bin i trong hc sinh n co khc vi mc o trong hc sinh nam khng.

C php: =F.DIST.RT(x,deg_freedom1,deg_freedom2)

X Bt buc. Gi tri nh gi hm.

Deg_freedom1 Bt buc. Bc t do t s.

Deg_freedom2 Bt buc. Bc t do mu s.

Lu :
Nu bt k i s no khng phi l s, hm F.DIST.RT tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.
Nu x l s m, hm F.DIST.RT tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu deg_freedom1 hoc deg_freedom2 khng phi l s nguyn th no bi ct ct.
Nu deg_freedom1 < 1, hm F.DIST.RT tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu deg_freedom2 < 1, hm F.DIST.RT tr v gi tri li #NUM!.

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Hm F.DIST.RT c tinh ton nh l F.DIST.RT=P( F>x ), trong o F l bin ngu nhin

co phn b F vi bc t do deg_freedom1 v deg_freedom2.

V d:

FDIST

Tnh phn phi xc sut F.

Thng c dng tm xem gia hai tp s liu c nhiu mc khc bit hay khng. V d,
dng kho st im thi ca nam sinh v ca n sinh thi tuyn vo mt trng trung hc, ri xc
inh xem bin thin im ca nam sinh c khc vi bin thin im ca nam sinh hay
khng...

C php: =FDIST(x, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2)

x : Gi tri c lng hm.

Degrees_freedom1 : Bc t do t s.

Degrees_freedom2 : Bc t do mu s.

Lu :
Nu c bt k i s no khng phi l s, FDIST tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu x < 0, FDIST() tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu degrees_freedom1 hay degrees_freedom2 khng phi l s nguyn, phn thp phn
ca n s bi ct bo tr thnh s nguyn.
Nu degrees_freedom1 <1 hay degrees_freedom1 10^10, FDIST tr v li #NUM!
Nu degrees_freedom2 <1 hay degrees_freedom2 10^10, FDIST tr v li #NUM!
FDIST c tnh dng FDIST = P(F >x), vi F l bin ngu nhin c phn phi F vi hai
bc t do degrees_freedom1 vdegrees_freedom2

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V d:
Vi x = 15.20675 v bc t do t s l 6, bc t do mu s l 4, ta c:
=FDIST(15.20675, 6, 4) 0.010000141

F.INV (Excel 2010)

Tr v nghich o ca phn phi xc sut F.

Nu p = F.DIST(x,...) th F.INV(p,...) = x. Phn phi F co th c dng trong kim tra F-test so

snh mc bin thin trong hai tp d liu. Vi d, bn co th phn tich phn b thu nhp Hoa K
v Canada xc inh hai nc ny co mc a dng thu nhp tng t nh nhau hay khng.

C php: =F.INV(probability,deg_freedom1,deg_freedom2)

Probability Bt buc. Xc sut gn vi phn b ly tich F.

Deg_freedom1 Bt buc. Bc t do t s.

Deg_freedom2 Bt buc. Bc t do mu s.

Lu :
Nu bt k i s no khng phi l s, hm F.INV tr v gi tri li #VALUE! .
Nu probability < 0 hoc probability > 1, hm F.INV tr v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu deg_freedom1 hoc deg_freedom2 khng phi l s nguyn th no bi ct ct.
Nu deg_freedom1 < 1 hoc deg_freedom2 < 1, hm F.INV tr v gi tri li #NUM! .

V d:

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F.INV.RT (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm FINV. Hm ny l hm thay th cho hm FINV.

FINV

Tnh nghich o ca phn phi xc sut F. Ngha l, nu xc sut = FDIST(x, ...) th x = FINV(xc
sut, ...)

C php: =FINV(probability, degrees_freedom1, degrees_freedom2)

Probability : Xc sut kt hp vi phn phi tich ly F.

Degrees_freedom1 : Bc t do t s.

Degrees_freedom2 : Bc t do mu s.

Lu :
Nu c bt k i s no khng phi l s, FINV tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu probability < 0 hay probability > 1, FINV tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu degrees_freedom1 hay degrees_freedom2 khng phi l s nguyn, phn thp phn
ca n s bi ct bo tr thnh s nguyn.
Nu degrees_freedom1 <1 hay degrees_freedom1 10^10, FINV tr v li #NUM!
Nu degrees_freedom2 <1 hay degrees_freedom2 10^10, FINV tr v li #NUM!
FINV c dng tr v cc tri tiu chun t phn phi F. V d, kt qu ca php tnh
ANOVA thng gm s liu cho thng k F, xc sut F, v gi tri tiu chun F ti mc c
ngha 0.05. tr v gi tri tiu chun F, ngi ta dng mc co ngha ny (0.05) lm i
sprobabilty cho hm FINV.
FINV s dng phng php lp tnh hm. Vi probability cho trc, FINV s lp cho
ti khi kt qu chnh xc trong khong 0.0000003. Nu FINV khng hi t sau 100 ln
lp, n s tr v gi tri li #NA!

V d:
Vi probability = 0.01 v bc t do t s l 6, bc t do mu s l 4, ta c:
=FINV(0.01, 6, 4) = 15.20675

FISHER

Tr v php bin i Fisher ti x.

Php bin i ny to ra hm phn phi hn l i xng lch. Thng c dng trong vic kim
tra gi thuyt da trn h s tng quan.

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C php: =FISHER(x)

x : Gi tri mun chuyn i.

Lu :
Nu x khing phi l s, FISHER tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu x -1 hay x > 1, FISHER tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Phng trnh ca php bin i FISHER l:

V d:
=FISHER(0.75) = 0.972955

FISHERINV

Tr v nghich o ca php bin i Fisher. Ngha l, nu y = FISHER(x) th x = FISHERINV(y)

C php: =FISHERINV(y)

y : Gi tri thc hin php bin i.

Lu :
Nu y khng phi l s, FISHERINV tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Phng trnh ca php bin i FISHERINV l:

V d:
=FISHERINV(0.972955) = 0.75

FORECAST

Tnh ton, hay d on, c lng mt gi tri tng lai bng cch s dng cc gi tri hin c. T
nhng gi tri hin c, gi tri mi c d on bng phng php hi quy tuyn tnh. C th dng
hm ny d on mc bn hng trong tng lai, nhu cu u t, hay khuynh hng tiu th.

C php: =FORECAST(x, known_y's, known_x's)

x : im d liu dng d on gi tri mi.

known_y's : Mng hay d liu ph thuc.

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known_x's : Mng hay d liu c lp.

Lu :
Nu x khng phi l s, FORECAST tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu known_y's, known_x's l rng hay cha s im d liu khc nhau, FORECAST tr
v gi tri li #NA!
Nu known_x's = 0, FORECAST tr v gi tri li #DIV/0!
Phng trnh ca FORECAST l:

Vi:

V d:
Da vo bng phn tch li nhun da theo gi thnh bng sau. Hay c lng mc li nhun
khi gi thnh = $270,000 ?

Mc li nhun tng ng vi gi thnh = $270,000 s l:

Cng thc ti A11: =FORECAST(B11, A2:A10, B2:B10) $288,811

FREQUENCY

Dng tnh xem c bao nhiu gi tri thng xuyn xut hin bn trong mt dy gi tri, v tr v
mt mng ng cc s.

Trong gio dc, FREQUENCY thng c dng m s im thi nm trong mt day im

no o, hoc dng m (phn loi) hc lc ca hc sinh da vo im trung bnh, v.v...

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FREQUENCY l mt hm cho ra kt qu l mt mng, do o no phi c nhp dng cng thc

mng.

C php: =FREQUENCY(data_array, bins_array)

data_array : Mng hay tham chiu ca mt tp hp cc gi tri dng m s ln xut hin.

Nu data_array khng c gi tri, FREQUENCY tr v mt mng cc tri zero (0).

bins_array : Mng hay tham chiu cha cc khong gi tri lm mu, v cc tri trong data_array s
c nhm li theo cc tri mu ny. Nubins_array khng c gi tri, FREQUENCY s tr v s
phn t trong data_array.

Lu :
FREQUENCY phi c nhp di dng cng thc mng sau khi chng ta a chn mt
dy k nhau phn b s xut hin ca cc phn t trong mng.
S phn t trong data_array phi nhiu hn s phn t trong bins_array 1 phn t. Phn t
di ra ny cha s lng cc gi tri ln hn khong ln nht. V d, khi m 3 khong gi
tri a nhp trong 3 , phi chc chn rng FREQUENCY c nhp vo 4 ; th 4 ny
s tr v s lng cc gi tri trong data_array khi cc ga tri ny ln hn gi tri trong khong
th 3. d hiu hn, cc bn xem cc v d sau.
FREQUENCY s bo qua cc trng hoc cc chui text.

V d:

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F.TEST (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm FTEST. Hm ny thay th cho hm FTEST.

FTEST

Tr v kt qu ca mt php th F.

FTEST tr v xc sut mt phia, trong o phng sai ca array1 v array2 khc nhau khng ng
k. Hm ny thng c dng xc inh xem hai mu co cc phng sai khc nhau hay khng.
V d, khi a bit im kim tra ca cc trng cng v ca cc trng t, chng ta co th kim
tra xem gia hai loi trng ny c nhiu cp khc nhau v s a dng ca im thi hay khng.

C php: =FTEST(array1, array2)

Array1, array2 : L cc mng hay dy s liu.

Lu :
Cc i s phi l s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu ti cc cha s.
Nu cc i s l mng hay tham chiu c cha cc gi tri text, logic, hay rng, th cc
gi tri o s c bo qua; tuy nhin, cha gi tri zero (0) th vn c tnh.
Nu s lng cc im d liu trong cc array nho hn 2, hay phng sai ca chng l
zero (0), FTEST tr v gi tri li #DIV/0!

V d:
Tnh kt qu ca php th F cho hai tp hp d liu l {6, 7, 9, 15, 21} v {20, 28, 31, 38, 40}:
=FTEST({6, 7, 9, 15, 21}, {20, 28, 31, 38, 40}) 0.648318

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GAMMA (Excel 2013)

Tr v gi tri hm Gamma.

C php: =GAMMA(number)

Number Bt buc. Tr v mt s.

Lu :
Hm GAMMA dng phng trnh sau y:

(N+1) = N * (N)
Nu i s Number l s nguyn m hoc bng 0, hm GAMMA tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu i s Number cha k t khng hp l, hm GAMMA tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.

V d:

GAMMA.DIST (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm GAMMADIST.

GAMMA.INV (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm GAMMAINV.

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GAMMADIST

Tr v xc sut ca phn phi gamma. C th dng hm ny nghin cu nhng bin c phn

phi lch. Phn phi gamma thng c s dng trong phn tich hng i (queuing analysis).

C php: =GAMMADIST(x, alpha, beta, cummulative)

x : Gi tri tnh phn phi.

Alpha v Beta : Tham s cho phn phi. Nu beta = 0, GAMMADIST tr v xc sut ca phn
phi gamma chun.

Cumulative : Gi tri logic xc inh dng hm. Nu cumulative l TRUE (1), GAMMADIST tr
v hm tnh phn phi tich ly ca phn phigamma; nu cumulative l FALSE (0),
GAMMADIST tr v hm mt xc sut ca phn phi gamma.

Lu :
Nu x, alpha hay beta khng phi l s, GAMMADIST tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu x < 0, GAMMADIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu alpha 0 hay beta 0, GAMMADIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Phng trnh ca GAMMADIST l:

Phng trnh ca phn phi gamma chun (beta = 0)

Khi alpha = 1, GAMMADIST() tr v xc sut ca phn phi m, vi:

Vi s nguyn dng n, khi alpha = n/2, beta = 2, v cumulative = 1 (TRUE),

GAMMADIST tr v [1 - CHIDIST(x)] vi n l bc t do.

V d:
Vi x = 10 , alpha = 9 v beta = 2, ta c:

=GAMMADIST(10, 9, 2, TRUE) 0.68094

=GAMMADIST(10, 9, 2, FALSE) 0.32639

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GAMMAINV

Tr v nghich o ca phn phi gamma. Ngha l, nu probability = GAMMADIST(x, ...) th

x=GAMMAINV(probability, ...)

C php: =GAMMAINV(probability, alpha, beta)

Probability : Xc sut kt hp vi phn phi gamma.

Alpha v Beta : Tham s cho phn phi. Nu beta = 0, GAMMAINV tr v phn

phi gamma chun.

Lu :
Nu c bt k i s no khng phi l s, GAMMAINV tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu probability < 0 hay probability > 1, GAMMAINV tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu alpha 0 hay beta 0, GAMMAINV tr v gi tri li #NUM!
GAMMAINV s dng phng php lp tnh hm. Vi probability cho trc,
GAMMAINV s lp cho ti khi kt qu chnh xc trong khong 0.0000003. Nu
GAMMAINV khng hi t sau 100 ln lp, n s tr v gi tri li #NA!

V d:
Vi probability = 0.68094, alpha = 9 v beta = 2, ta c:
=GAMMAINV(0.68094, 9, 2) 10

GAMMALN.PRECISE (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm GAMMALN.

GAMMALN

Tr v l-ga-rit t nhin ca hm gamma, (x).

C php: =GAMMALN(x)

Lu :
Nu x khng phi l s, GAMMALN tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu x 0, GAMMALN tr v gi tri li #NUM!
S e ly tha GAMMALN(i), vi i l s nguyn, tr v cng kt qu nh (i-1)!
GAMMALN c tinh vi cng thc sau:

vi:

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V d:
Logarite t nhin ca hm gamma ti 4:

=GAMMALN(4) 1.791759

GEOMEAN

Tr v trung bnh nhn ca mt mng hoc mt day cc s dng. Vi d, co th dng GEOMEAN()

tinh mc tng trng trung bnh.

C php: =GEOMEAN(number1, number2, ...)

Number1, number2 ... : Co th co t 1 n 255 i s dng tinh trung bnh. Cng co th dng
mt mng n hay mt tham chiu n cc cha s.

Lu :
Cc i s phi l s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu ti cc cha s.
Nu cc i s l mng hay tham chiu co cha cc gi tri text, logic, hay rng, th
cc gi tri o s c bo qua; tuy nhin, cha gi tri zero (0) th vn c tinh.
Nu co bt k i s no khng phi l s dng, GEOMEAN s tr v li #VALUE!
GEOMEAN c tinh bng phng trnh sau:

V d:

=GEOMEAN({4, 5, 8, 7, 11, 4, 3}) 5.476987

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GROWTH

Tnh ton s tng trng d kin theo hm m bng cch s dng d kin hin co. GROWTH tr
v cc gi tri y t cc gi tri x c chi inh bng cch s dng cc gi tri x hin co.

GROWTH l mt hm cho ra kt qu l mt mng, do o no phi c nhp dng cng thc

mng.

C php: =GROWTH(known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const)

Known_y's : Mt tp hp cc gi tri y a bit, trong mi quan h y = b*m^x.

Nu mng known_y's nm trong mt ct, th mi ct ca known_x's c hiu nh l mt
bin c lp.
Nu mng known_y's nm trong mt dng, th mi dng ca known_x's c hiu nh l
mt bin c lp.
Nu co bt k s no trong known_y's l 0 hay l s m, GROWTH s tr v li #NUM!

Known_x's : Mt tp hp ty chn cc gi tri x a bit, trong mi quan h y = b*m^x.

Mng known_x's co th bao gm mt hay nhiu tp bin. Nu chi mt bin c s
dng, known_x's v known_y's co th co hnh dng bt k, min l chng co kich thc
bng nhau. Nu co nhiu bin c s dng, known_y's phi l mt vect (l mt day, vi
chiu cao l mt dng, hay vi rng l mt ct)
Nu bo qua known_x's, known_x's s c gi s l mt mng {1, 2, 3, ...} vi kich thc
bng vi known_y's.

New_x's : L cc gi tri x mi, dng GROWTH tr v cc gi tri y tng ng.

New_x's phi gm mt ct (hay mt dng) cho mi bin c lp, ging nh known_x's. V
th, nu known_y's nm trong mt ct n, thknown_x's v new_x's phi co cng s lng
cc ct; nu known_y's nm trn mt dng n, th known_x's v new_x's phi co cng s
lng cc dng.
Nu bo qua new_x's, new_x's s c gi s gi s l ging nh known_x's.
Nu bo qua c known_x's v new_x's s c gi s l mng {1, 2, 3, ...} vi kich thc
bng vi known_y's.

Const : L mt gi tri logic cho bit co nn p hng s b no bng 1 hay khng (trong mi quan
h y = b*m^x).
Nu const l TRUE (1) hoc bo qua, b c tinh bnh thng.
Nu const l FALSE (0), v c gn bng 1, khi o cc gi tri m s c iu chinh
y= m*x.
Lu :
Khi nhp hng mng cho i s, nh hng mng cho known_y's chng hn, dng du
phy phn cch cc tri trn cng dng, v du chm phy phn cch cc dng.

V d:
y m mt bng m t mc tng trng doanh thu ca mt n vi t thng th 11 n thng th
16. Da theo mc tng trng ny, d on doanh thu ca thng th 17 v 18 ?

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Chn c hai B9:B10, nhp cng thc mng:

{= GROWTH(B2:B7, A2:A7, A9:A10)}

Ta s co kt qu doanh thu d on ca thng th 17 (B9) = 320,197 v thng th 18 (B10) =

468,536

GAUSS (Excel 2013)

Tinh xc sut mt phn t ca mt tp hp chun chun ho s ri vo gia gi tri trung bnh v

lch chun z t gi tri trung bnh.

C php: =GAUSS(z)

Z Bt buc. Tr v mt s.

Lu :
Nu z khng l s hp l, GAUSS tr v #NUM! .
Nu z khng l loi d liu hp l, GAUSS tr v #VALUE! .
Do hm NORM.S.DIST(0,True) lun tr v 0,5, hm GAUSS (z) tr v kt qu lun nho
hn NORM.S.DIST(z,True) l 0.5.

V d:

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HARMEAN

Tr v trung bnh iu ha ca mt day cc s dng. Trung bnh iu ha l nghich o ca trung

bnh cng.

C php: =HARMEAN(number1, number2, ...)

Number1, number2 ... : Co th co t 1 n 255 i s dng tinh trung bnh iu ha. Cng co
th dng mt mng n hay mt tham chiu n cc cha s.

Lu :
Trung bnh iu ha lun nho hn trung bnh nhn, m trung bnh nhn l mt s
lun nho hn trung bnh cng.
Nhng i s l gi tri li hay gi tri text m khng th chuyn i thnh gi tri s
s gy ra li.
Cc i s phi l s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu ti cc cha s.
Nu cc i s l mng hay tham chiu co cha cc gi tri text, logic, hay rng, th
cc gi tri o s c bo qua; tuy nhin, cha gi tri zero(0) th vn c tinh.
Nu co bt k i s no khng phi l s dng, HARMEAN s tr v li #VALUE!
HARMEAN c tinh bng phng trnh sau:

V d:
=HARMEAN({4, 5, 8, 7, 11, 4, 3}) 5.028376

HYPGEOM.DIST (Excel 2010)

Tr v phn phi siu bi. Hm HYPGEOM.DIST tr v xc sut ca s mu thnh cng a bit,

bit trc kich thc mu, thnh cng ca tp hp v kich c ca tp hp. Dng hm
HYPGEOM.DIST cho cc vn v tp hp hu hn, trong o mi quan st co th l thnh cng
hoc tht bi v trong o mi tp con co kich thc a bit c chn vi kh nng nh nhau.

C php: =HYPGEOM.DIST(sample_s,number_sample,
population_s,number_pop,cumulative)

Sample_s Bt buc. S ln thnh cng trong mu.

Number_sample Bt buc. Kich thc ca mu.

Population_s Bt buc. S ln thnh cng trong tp hp.

Number_pop Bt buc. Kich thc ca tp hp.

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Cumulative Bt buc. Mt gi tri l-gic quyt inh dng thc ca hm. Nu tich ly l TRUE,
hm HYPGEOM.DIST tr v hm phn b tich ly; nu FALSE, no tr v hm khi xc sut.

Lu :
Tt c i s bi ct ct thnh s nguyn.
Nu bt k i s no khng phi l s, hm HYPGEOM.DIST tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.
Nu sample_s < 0 hoc sample_s ln hn s nho hn trong hai s: number_sample hoc
population_s, hm HYPGEOM.DIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu sample_s nho hn s ln hn trong hai s: 0 v (number_sample - number_population
+ population_s), hm HYPGEOM.DIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu number_sample 0 hoc number_sample > number_population, hm
HYPGEOM.DIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu population_s 0 hoc population_s > number_population, hm HYPGEOM.DIST tr
v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu number_pop 0, hm HYPGEOM.DIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Phng trnh ca phn b siu bi l:

trong o:
x = sample_s
n = number_sample
M = population_s
N = number_pop
Hm HYPGEOM.DIST dng ly mu nhng khng co thay th t mt tp hp hu hn.

V d:

Hm HYPGEOM.DIST bao gm v thay th cho hm HYPGEOMDIST trong trng hp tinh

hm mt xc sut.

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HYPGEOMDIST

Tr v xc sut ca phn phi siu bi (hypergeometric distribution), l phn phi ca bin ngu
nhin x biu din s ln thnh cng trong m ln u tin ca mt chui n thc nghim c lp, nu
cho trc tng s ln thnh cng.

C php: =HYPGEOMDIST(sample_s, number_sample,

population_s, number_population)

sample_s : S ln thnh cng trong mu.

number_sample : Kich thc mu.

population_s : S ln thnh cng trong tp hp chinh.

number_population : Kich thc tp hp chinh.

Lu :
Tt c cc i s nu khng phi l s nguyn, phn thp phn ca chng s bi ct
bo tr thnh s nguyn.
Nu co bt k i s no khng phi l s, HYPGEOMDIST tr v li #VALUE!
Nu sample_s < 0 hoc ln hn gi tri nho nht gia number_sample v
population_s, HYPGEOMDIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu sample_s nho ln hn gi tri ln nht gia 0 v (number_sample -
number_population + population_s), HYPGEOMDIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu number_sample 0 hay number_sample > number_population,
HYPGEOMDIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu population_s 0 hay population_s > number_population, HYPGEOMDIST
tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu number_population 0, HYPGEOMDIST() tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Phng trnh ca HYPGEOMDIST l:

Vi:
x = sample_s
n = number_sample
M = population_s
N = number_population

V d:
Tinh xc sut ca phn phi siu bi sau, bit rng trong php th vi 4 mu bt k u tin ca
mt tp hp gm 20 phn t th co s ln thnh cng l 1, v co 8 ln thnh cng trong php th
vi ton tp hp?

=HYPGEOMDIST(1, 4, 8, 20) 0.363261

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INTERCEPT

Tm im giao ca mt ng thng vi trc y bng cch s dng cc tri x v y hin c. Trong d

bo hi quy tuyn tinh n, ng thng ny gi l ng thng hi quy, c v theo cc
tri x v y a bit, v giao im da vo c s trn ng thng hi quy ny.
Hm INTERCEPT thng c dng khi mun xc inh mt bin ph thuc khi bin c lp
bng zero (0). V d, dng d on in tr kim loi ti 0 C khi cc im d liu c ly
t nhit phng hay cao hn.

C php: = INTERCEPT(known_y's, known_x's)

Known_y's : Tp hp cc d liu ph thuc.

Known_x's : Tp hp cc d liu c lp.

Lu :
i s phi l s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n cc cha s.
Nu cc i s l mng hay tham chiu c cha cc gi tri text, logic, hay rng, th cc gi
tri o s c bo qua; tuy nhin, cha gi tri zero (0) th vn c tnh.
Nu known_y's, known_x's l rng hay cha s im d liu khc nhau, INTERCEPT tr v
gi tri li #NA!
Phng trnh giao im ca ng hi quy l (trong o b l h s gc, xem hm SLOPE):

Vi:

Gii thut ca hm INTERCEPT v hm SLOPE th khc vi gii thut ca hm LINEST.

S khc nhau gia chng l c th dn n nhng kt qu khc nhau i vi nhng d liu
cng nm trn mt ng thng v cha c xc inh. V d, nu nhng im d liu ca
i s known_y's l 0 v ca known_x's l 1:
o INTERCEPT v SLOPE s tr v li #DIV/0! bi v gii thut ca INTERCEPT()
v SLOPE c thit k tm ra mt v chi mt p n, m trong trng hp ny
th kt qu tr v c nhiu hn mt p n.
o LINEST tr v kt qu l 0 bi v gii thut ca LINEST c thit k tm ra tt
c nhng p n ng vi nhng d liu , m trong trng hp ny th kt qu tr
v c nhiu hn mt p n cho nhng d liu cng nm trn mt ng thng, v
trong trng hp ny th c t nht mt p n c tm thy.
V d:
Vi tp hp known_y's = {2, 3, 9, 1, 8} v known_x's = {6, 5, 11, 7, 5}. Khng cn dng thi,
tnh ta ca im m ng thng hi quy s ct trc tung (trc y) ?

INTERCEPT({2, 3, 9, 1, 8}, {6, 5, 11, 7, 5}) = 0.04387097

Ta ca im m ng thng hi quy s ct trc tung (trc y) l (0.04387097, 0)

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KURT

Tr v nhn ca tp d liu. nhn c tinh bng cch ly moment th t ca tri trung bnh
chia cho lch chun ly tha 4. nhn biu thi mc nhn hay mc phng tng i ca mt
phn phi so vi phn phi chun. nhn dng cho bit phn phi l nhn tng i, nhn
m cho bit phn phi l phng tng i.

C php: = KURT(number1, number2,...)

Number1, number2, ... : Co th co t 1 n 255 i s (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s

ny l 30) dng cho KURT(). Cng co th dng mng n hay tham chiu mng lm i s cho
hm.

Lu :
Nu co it hn 4 im s liu, hay nu lch chun ca mu bng 0, KURT tr v
gi tri li #DIV/0!
KURT() c tinh theo cng thc:

vi s l lch chun.

V d:
=KURT(3, 4, 5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 4, 7) -0.1518

LARGE

Tr v gi tri ln nht th k trong mt tp s liu.

Co th dng hm ny chn la gi tri da theo vi tri tng i ca no. Vi d, bn co th dng

hm LARGE tinh s im cao nht, cao th nh, cao th ba, v.v...

C php: =LARGE(array, k)

array : Mng hay day s liu dng xc inh gi tri ln nht th k

k : Vi tri (tinh t gi tri ln nht) trong mng hay day s liu.

Lu :
Nu array rng, LARGE s tr v li #NUM!
Nu k < 0 hay k ln hn s lng cc s co trong array, LARGE s tr v li #NUM!
Gi s n l s lng cc s co trong array, th LARGE(array, 1) tr v gi tri ln
nht (MAX), v LARGE(array, n) s tr v gi tri nho nht (MIN).

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V d:

LINEST

Trong phn tich hi quy, LINEST dng phng php bnh phng ti thiu (least squares) tinh
ng thng thich hp nht vi d liu c cung cp, ri tr v mt mng cc gi tri m t ng
thng o. Do kt qu tr v l mt mng, nn LINEST thng c nhp vi dng cng thc
mng.

LINEST thng c dng cho phng php hi quy tuyn tinh n hoc hi quy tuyn tinh bi.

Phng trnh ca ng thng trong hi quy tuyn tinh n l:

Phng trnh ca ng thng trong hi quy tuyn tinh bi l:

Trong o, tri ph thuc y l hm ca cc tri c lp x, cc tri m l cc h s tng ng vi mi gi

tri x, v b l hng s (const). Nh rng y, x, m cng co th l cc vect. Mng m LINEST tr v
l:

LINEST cng co th tr v thng k hi quy ph.

C php: = LINEST(known_y's, known_x's, const, stats)

Known_y's : Mt tp hp cc gi tri y a bit, trong mi quan h y = mx + b.

Nu mng known_y's nm trong mt ct, th mi ct ca known_x's c hiu nh l mt
bin c lp.
Nu mng known_y's nm trong mt dng, th mi dng ca known_x's c hiu nh l
mt bin c lp.

Known_x's : Mt tp hp ty chn cc gi tri x a bit, trong mi quan h y = mx + b.

Mng known_x's co th bao gm mt hay nhiu bin. Nu chi mt bin c s
dng, known_x's v known_y's co th co hnh dng bt k, min l chng co kich thc

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bng nhau. Nu co nhiu bin c s dng, known_y's phi l mt vect (l mt day, vi

chiu cao l mt dng, hay vi rng l mt ct).
Nu bo qua known_x's, known_x's s c gi s l mt mng {1, 2, 3, ...} vi kich thc
bng vi known_y's.

Const : L mt gi tri logic cho bit co nn cho hng s b bng 0 hay khng
Nu const l TRUE (1) hoc bo qua, b c tinh bnh thng.
Nu const l FALSE (0), b c gn bng 0, v cc gi tri m s c iu chinh y = mx.

Stats : L mt gi tri logic cho bit co tr v thng k hi quy ph hay khng

Nu stats l FALSE (0) hoc bo qua, LINEST chi tr v cc h s m v hng s b.
Nu stats l TRUE (1), LINEST tr v thng k hi quy ph, v mng c tr v s co
dng:

Thng k hi quy ph nh sau:

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Bng minh ha sau y cho bit th t thng k hi quy ph tr v:

Lu :
Co th m t ng thng bng h s goc m v mt im ct b trn trc y:
- H s goc = (y2-y1)/(x2-x1), vi (x1,y1) v (x2,y2) l hai im trn ng
thng;
- im ct b trn trc y l gi tri ca y ti im m ng thng ct trc y.

Phng trnh ca ng thng l y= mx + b. Mt khi a bit c gi tri m v b, chng

ta co th tinh bt k im no thuc ng thng bng cch thm gi tri y hay x vo
phng trnh o. Bn cng co th s dng hm TREND.
Khi chi co mt bin c lp x, co th tm h s goc m v tri b trn trc y mt cch trc
tip bng cch dng cc cng thc sau y:

H s goc m: = INDEX(LINEST(known_y's, known_x's), 1)

im ct b: = INDEX(LINEST(known_y's, known_x's), 2)

chinh xc ca ng thng do LINEST tinh ra cn ty thuc vo tn x trong d

liu. D liu cng tuyn tinh, hm LINEST m phong ng thng cng chinh xc.
LINEST dng phng php bnh phng ti thiu xc inh cc im thich hp nht
cho d liu. Khi chi co mt bin c lp x, nhng tinh ton tm m v b da vo cng
thc sau:

Vi:

Hm LINEST co th tinh c ng thng tt nht t d liu c cung cp; hm

LOGEST co th tinh c hm m tt nht t d liu c cung cp. Tuy nhin chng
ta cn xc inh xem trong hai kt qu nhn c, kt qu no thich hp vi d liu c
cung cp hn. Co th tinh TREND(known_y's, known_x's) cho ng thng v
GROWTH(known_y's, known_x's) cho ng hm m. Nhng hm ny, khng co i
s new_x's, tr v mt mng gi tri d on y. T o chng ta co th so snh cc tri d
on c vi cc tri thc; co th v ln biu hai loi ng ny so snh trc quan
hn.

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Trong phn tich hi quy, Excel tinh cho mi im mt sai phn bnh phng gia tri
c lng x v tri thc y ca im o. Tng cc sai phn ny gi l tng bnh phng
thng d. Sau o Excel tinh tng cc sai phn bnh phng gia cc tri thc y v trung
bnh cc tri y, kt qu ny gi l tng bnh phng ton phn (= tng bnh phng hi
quy + tng bnh phng thng d). So vi tng bnh phng ton phn, nu tng bnh
phng thng d cng nho, th h s inh tri r2 cng ln. y l cch m kt qu nhn
c t phn tich hi quy gii thich mi quan h gia cc bin.

Khi nhp hng mng cho i s, nh known_y's chng hn, dng du phy phn cch
cc tri trn cng mt dng, v du chm phy phn cch cc dng khc nhau. Nhng
cn ch l cc k t phn cch (du phy v du chm phy) cn ty thuc vo cc
thit lp trong h thng bn ang s dng (cc thit lp cho List seperator trong
Customize Regional Opitions ca Control Panel).
Ch rng cc tri y d on c t phng trnh hi quy co th khng ng nu vt
ra ngoi day gi tri dng xc inh hm.

V d 1: Hi quy tuyn tinh n

Gi s mt doanh nghip c cc s liu Doanh thu t thng th nht n thng th su nh bng
sau:

Dng hm LINEST kt hp vi SUM, c th c lng doanh thu ca thng th chn vi cng

thc sau:
= SUM(LINEST(B2:B7, A2:A7)*{9,1}) = 11,000,000
Nhn chung, SUM({m, b}*{x, 1}) = mx + b = y : gi tri y c c lng t gi tri x cho trc.

V d 2: Hi quy tuyn tnh bi

C mt nh u t ang xem xt mua mt s vn phng c nho, t trong mt khu thng mi.
Nh u t co th dng phn tch hi quy tuyn tinh c lng gi tri ca mt vn phng, bng
cch chn ngu nhin 11 vn phng trong s 1500 vn phng ca khu thng mi o, v thu c
nhng d liu sau y (xem bng).
ca nh u t l s da vo phn tich ny c lng gi cho mt vn phng din tch
2500 m2, c 3 phng, 2 ca ra vo v tui i chng 25 nm (s liu hng 14)

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( y gi s rng c mt mi quan h trc tip gia cc bin c lp x (x1, x2, x3, x4) v bin
ph thuc y)

ly thng k hi quy ph ca bng tng hp trn, ta chn cc A15:E19 (5 hng, cn s ct

th bng bng d liu trn), v nhp cng thc mng:
{= LINEST(E3:E13, A3:D13, 1, 1)}
Ti sao chn 5 hng, xin xem li cch ly thng k hi quy ph phn l thuyt, khi cho tham
s stats = TRUE (hay bng 1).

Kt qu co c sau khi nhp cng thc:

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Da vo bng kt qu tr v ca thng k hi quy ph (a noi phn l thuyt):

Xc inh c cc thng s sau ( hng 16):

b = 52,317,831
m1 = 27,641
m2 = 12,529,768
m3 = 2,553,211
m4 = -234,237
p dng cng thc

vi cc gi tri va co c, v cc gi tri x1, x2, x3, x4 hng 14, ta c:

y = 27,641*2500 + 12,529,768*3 + 2,553,211*2 - -234,237*25 + 52,317,831 = $158,261,096
Hoc ti E14, nhp cng thc:
E14 = D16*A14 + C16*B14 + B16*C14 + A16*D14 + E16 = $158,261,096
$158,261,096 chinh l gi c lng ca vn phng din tch 2500 m2, c 3 phng, 2 ca ra vo
v tui i chng 25 nm, m nh u t mun mua.

LOGEST

Trong phn tnh thng k, LOGEST tinh ng cong hm m ph hp vi d liu c cung cp,
ri tr v mt mng cc gi tri m t ng cong o. Do kt qu tr v l mt mng, nn LOGEST
thng c nhp vi dng cng thc mng.
Phng trnh ca ng cong trong hi quy tuyn tinh n l:

Phng trnh ca ng cong trong hi quy tuyn tnh bi l:

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Trong o, tri ph thuc y l hm ca cc tri c lp x, cc tri m l cc h s tng ng vi mi gi

tri x, v b l hng s (const). Nh rng y, x, m cng co th l cc vect. Mng m LOGEST tr v
l:

C php: = LOGEST(known_y's, known_x's, const, stats)

Known_y's : Mt tp hp cc gi tri y a bit, trong mi quan h y = b*m^x.
Nu mng known_y's nm trong mt ct, th mi ct ca known_x's c hiu nh l mt
bin c lp.
Nu mng known_y's nm trong mt dng, th mi dng ca known_x's c hiu nh l
mt bin c lp.

Known_x's : Mt tp hp ty chn cc gi tri x a bit, trong mi quan h y = b*m^x.

Mng known_x's c th bao gm mt hay nhiu bin. Nu chi mt bin c s
dng, known_x's v known_y's c th c hnh dng bt k, min l chng co kich thc
bng nhau. Nu c nhiu bin c s dng, known_y's phi l mt vect (l mt dy, vi
chiu cao l mt dng, hay vi rng l mt ct)
Nu bo qua known_x's, known_x's s c gi s l mt mng {1, 2, 3, ...} vi kich thc
bng vi known_y's.

Const : L mt gi tri logic cho bit c nn cho hng s b bng 1 hay khng
Nu const l TRUE (1) hoc bo qua, b c tinh bnh thng.
Nu const l FALSE (0), b c gn bng 0, v cc gi tri m s c iu chinh y= m^x.

Stats : L mt gi tri logic cho bit c tr v thng k hi quy ph hay khng

Nu stats l FALSE (0) hoc bo qua, LOGEST chi tr v cc h s m v hng s b.
Nu stats l TRUE (1), LOGEST tr v thng k hi quy ph, v mng c tr v s c
dng:

Thng k hi quy ph nh sau:

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Bng minh ha sau y cho bit th t thng k hi quy ph tr v:

Lu :
thi d liu cng ging ng cong hm m, ng tinh c cng ging vi d liu.
Nh hm LINEST, hm LOGEST cng tr v mt mng cc gi tri m t mi quan h
gia cc gi tri o; s khc bit gia hai hm ny l, LINEST dng cho ng thng, cn
LOGEST dng cho ng cong hm m.
Khi chi c mt bin c lp x, c th tm h s gc m v tri b trn trc y (tung ) mt cch
trc tip bng cch dng cc cng thc sau y:
H s gc m: = INDEX(LOGEST(known_y's, known_x's), 1)
im ct (hay tung ) b: = INDEX(LOGEST(known_y's, known_x's), 2)

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Cng co th dng phng trnh y = b*m^x d on gi tri tng lai ca y, tuy nhin Excel
a cung cp hm GROWTH lm iu ny ri.
Khi nhp hng mng cho i s, nh known_y's chng hn, dng du phy phn cch cc
tri trn cng mt dng, v du chm phy phn cch cc dng khc nhau. Nhng cn ch
l cc k t phn cch (du phy v du chm phy) cn ty thuc vo cc thit lp trong
h thng bn ang s dng (cc thit lp cho List seperator trong Customize Regional
Opitions ca Control Panel).
Ch rng cc tri y d on c t phng trnh hi quy c th khng ng nu vt ra
ngoi dy gi tri dng xc inh hm.
Cc phng php kim tra phng trnh bng LOGEST cng tng t nh cc phng php
dng cho LINEST. Tuy nhin, thng k m LOGEST tr v li da vo m hnh tuyn tnh
sau:

Nn nh iu ny khi tnh ton cc thng k hi quy ph, c bit l cc tri sei v seb, v
chng c so snh vi ln mi v ln b, ch khng phi l so snh vi mi v b.
V d:
C mt bng d liu sau. Vi s liu ny, d bo gi tri y khi x1 = 12 v x2 = 25 ?

y gi s cc i lng y, x1 v x2 c mi quan h hm m vi nhau:

Cch gii:
Chn khi cell A15:C19, g cng thc mng:
= LOGEST(A2:A12, B2:C12, 1, 1)
Ta s c kt qu nh hnh sau:

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Da vo bng minh ha cho bit th t thng k hi quy ph tr v, suy ra c cc tri m1, m2 v

b nh cc E15:F17.
p dng phng trnh ca ng cong trong hi quy tuyn tnh bi, vi x1 = 12 v x2 = 25, bng
cng thc ti A13:
A13 = F17 * (F16^B13) * (F15^C13) = 279.720291 280
Vy khi x1 = 12 v x2 = 25 th c th d bo c y = 280

LOGINV

Tr v nghich o ca phn phi tich ly lognormal ca x, trong o ln(x) thng c phn phi
vi cc tham s mean v standard_dev. Nu probability = LOGNORMDIST(x, ...) th x =
LOGINV(probability, ...). Dng phn phi lognormal phn tich s liu c chuyn i theo
dng logarite.

C php: = LOGINV(probability, mean, standard_dev)

Probability : Xc sut kt hp vi phn phi lognormal.

Mean : Trung bnh ca ln(x).

Standard_dev : lch chun ca ln(x).

Lu :
Nu co bt k i s no khng phi l s, LOGINV() tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!
Nu probability < 0 hay probability > 1, LOGINV() tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu standard_dev 0, LOGINV() tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nghich o ca hm phn phi lognormal l:

V d:
Tnh x khi bit xc sut i vi phn phi lognormal ca x l 0.039084, trung bnh ca ln(x) l
3.5 v lch chun ca ln(x) l 1.2 ?:
=LOGINV(0.039084, 3.5, 1.2) 4.000025

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LOGNORM.DIST (Excel 2010)

Tr v phn b chun l-ga-rit ca x, trong o ln(x) thng c phn b vi Trung bnh tham s
v lch chun.

Dng hm ny phn tich nhng d liu a c bin i theo l-ga-rit.

C php: =LOGNORM.DIST(x,mean,standard_dev,cumulative)

X Bt buc. Gi tri nh gi hm.

Mean Bt buc. Trung bnh ca ln(x).

Standard_dev Bt buc. lch chun ca ln(x).

Cumulative Bt buc. Mt gi tri l-gic quyt inh dng thc ca hm. Nu Cumulative l
TRUE, hm LOGNORM.DIST tr v hm phn phi tich ly; nu FALSE, no tr v hm mt
xc sut.

Lu :
Nu bt k i s no khng phi l s, hm LOGNORM.DIST tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.
Nu x 0 hoc nu lch chun 0, hm LOGNORM.DIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Phng trnh ca phn b l-ga-rit chun ly tich l:
LOGNORM.DIST(x,,o) = NORM.S.DIST(1n(x)- / o)

V d:

Hm ny thay th cho hm LOGNORMDIST khi i s Cumulative l TRUE.

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LOGNORM.INV (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm LOGINV.

LOGNORMDIST

Tr v xc sut tich ly ca phn phi chun l-ga-rt ti x, trong o ln(x) thng c phn b
vi cc tham s mean v standard_dev. Dng hm ny phn tich nhng d liu a c bin
i theo l-ga-rit.

C php: = LOGNORMDIST(x, mean, standard_dev)

x : Gi tri tinh hm.

Mean : Trung bnh ca ln(x).

Standard_dev : lch chun ca ln(x).

Lu :
Nu co bt k i s no khng phi l s, LOGNORMDIST tr v li #VALUE!
Nu x 0 hay standard_dev 0, LOGNORMDIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Phng trnh ca hm phn phi tich ly lognormal l:

V d:
Tinh xc sut ca phn phi lognormal ti 4, bit trung bnh ca ln(4) l 3.5 v lch chun ca
ln(4) l 1.2 ?:
=LOGNORMDIST(4, 3.5, 1.2) 0.039084

MAX

Tr v gi tri ln nht (maximum) ca mt tp gi tri.

C php: =MAX(number1, number2, ...)

number1, number2, ... : Co th co t 1 n 255 i s (con s ny trong Excel 2003 tr v

trc chi l 30)

Lu :
Cc i s co th l s, rng, gi tri logic, hoc cc ch th hin s... Nhng khng
bao gm cc i s bi li hoc ch khng th chuyn thnh s, nhng i s ny s
gy ra li.
Nu i s l mng hay tham chiu, th chi cc gi tri s trong mng hay tham chiu
o mi c s dng. Nhng rng, gi tri logic, hay text, v.v... s c bo qua,

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nu mun s dng c nhng gi tri ny, bn co th dng hm MAXA vi c php

tng ng.
Nu khng co i s no cha s, MAX s tr v kt qu l zero (0).

V d:

MAXA

Xem cch s dng ti hm MAX.

MEDIAN

Dng tm trung vi ca cc s. Trung vi l s nm gia mt tp s, co ngha l, 50% tp s co

gi tri ln hn s trung vi, v 50% tp s cn li nho hn s trung vi.

C php: =MEDIAN(number1, number2, ...)

number1, number2, ... : L mt day, mt mng, mt danh sch cc gi tri... Co th co t 1 n

255 gi tri (con s ny trong Excel 2003 tr v trc chi l 30)

Lu :
Cc i s phi l s, tn, mng, hoc tham chiu n cc vng co cha s. Nu i
s l mng hoc tham chiu, Excel s kim tra tt c cc s co trong o.
Nu i s l mng hoc tham chiu m co cha text, tri logic, rng... nhng gi
tri o s c bo qua; tuy nhin, cc cha gi tri l zero (0) th vn c tinh.

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Nu co mt s chn cc i s, MEDIAN s tinh trung bnh hai s nm gia.

Cn phn bit s khc nhau gia ba hm sau:

AVERAGE tnh trung bnh cng ca cc s, l ly tng cc s chia cho s lng cc s. V

d, trung bnh cng ca 2, 3, 3, 5, 7, 10 l 30 chia cho 6, bng 5.
MEDIAN tm trung v ca cc s, l s nm gia ca cc s. V d, trung v ca cc s 2,
3, 3, 5, 7, 10 l s 4.
MODE tm s yu v l s c s ln xut hin nhiu nht trong mt dy s. V d, trong cc s
2, 3, 3, 5, 7, 10 th s 3 l s xut hin nhiu nht 3 l yu v.

V d:

MIN

Tr v gi tri nho nht (minimum) ca mt tp gi tri.

C php: =MIN(number1, number2, ...)

number1, number2, ... : Co th co t 1 n 255 i s (con s ny trong Excel 2003 tr v

trc chi l 30)

Lu :
Cc i s co th l s, rng, gi tri logic, hoc cc ch th hin s... Nhng khng
bao gm cc i s bi li hoc ch khng th chuyn thnh s, nhng i s ny s
gy ra li.
Nu i s l mng hay tham chiu, th chi cc gi tri s trong mng hay tham chiu
o mi c s dng. Nhng rng, gi tri logic, hay text, v.v... s c bo qua,
nu mun s dng c nhng gi tri ny, bn co th dng hm MINA vi c php
tng ng.
Nu khng co i s no cha s, MIN s tr v kt qu l zero (0).

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V d:

MINA

Xem cch s dng ti hm MIN.

MODE

Tr v gi tri xut hin nhiu nht trong mt mng hoc trong mt day s liu (s yu vi). Ging
nh MEDIAN, MODE l thc o s tp trung ca b s liu.

C php: =MODE(number1, number2, ...)

number1, number2, ... : Co th co t 1 n 255 i s (con s ny trong Excel 2003 tr v trc

chi l 30). Co th dng mng n hoc tham chiu mng lm i s.

Lu :
Nu i s l mt mng hay l mt tham chiu co cha text, gi tri logic, rng, cc
gi tri li, v.v... th cc gi tri o s c bo qua; tuy nhin, cc cha gi tri l zero
(0) th vn c tinh.
Trong trng hp co nhiu s co s ln xut hin bng nhau, th MODE s ly tr
v s no xut hin trc ht, tinh t number1 (t tri sang phi).
Nu cc gi tri trong cc i s khng co gi tri no lp li, MODE s bo li #NA!

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V d:

V d:
=MODE(1, 2, 3, 2, 3, 4, 5) 2
=MODE(1, 2, 3, 3, 4, 2, 5) 3

S 2 v s 3 u co s ln xut hin l 2 ln (nhiu nht), nhng kt qu tr v s ph thuc vo

th t ca cc i s. vi d trn, s ln xut hin (2 ln) ca s 2 th trc s ln xut hin ca
s 3, nn kt qu l 2; cn vi d di th ngc li, do o kt qu l 3.

MODE.MULT (Excel 2010)

Tr v mt mng dc ca cc gi tri thng xy ra nht, hoc cc gi tri lp li trong mt mng

hoc phm vi d liu.

xoay thnh mng dng, hay dng TRANSPOSE(MODE.MULT(number1,number2,...)).

Hm ny tr v nhiu kt qu nu co nhiu s yu vi. Do hm ny tr v day gi tri, no phi c

nhp nh mt cng thc mng. Nhn Ctrl+Shift+Enter sau khi nhp hm.

C php: =MODE.MULT((number1,[number2],...)

number1 Bt buc. i s dng s u tin cho nhng g bn mun tinh s yu vi.

number2, ... Ty chn. i s dng s t 2 n 254 cho nhng g bn mun tinh s yu vi. Bn
cng co th s dng mt mng n hay tham chiu ti mt mng thay th cho cc i s c
phn tch bi du phy.

Lu :
i s co th l s hoc tn, mng hoc tham chiu co cha s.

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Nu mt i s tham chiu hay mng co cha gi tri l-gic, vn bn hay trng, nhng
gi tri ny s bi bo qua; tuy nhin nhng co gi tri 0 s c bao gm.
Cc i s l vn bn hay gi tri li khng th chuyn i thnh s s khin xy ra li.
Nu b d liu khng cha im d liu lp, MODE.MULT tr v gi tri li #N/A.

V d:

Cng thc =MODE.MULT(A2:A13) phi c nhp nh mt cng thc mng. Khi c nhp
nh mt cng thc mng, MODE.MULT tr v kt qu 1, 2 v 3 l cc s yu vi do chng u
xut hin 3 ln. Nu cng thc khng c nhp nh cng thc mng, kt qu duy nht l 1. Kt
qu ny tng t kt qu cho ra khi s dng hm MODE.SNGL. Khi ti to cng thc mng, ti
a vo thm mt vi m bo rng ton b cc s yu vi c tr v. Ti dng cng thc
mng trong khong B2:B6. Khi khng co s yu vi b sung, th s tr v gi tri li #N/A.

MODE.SNGL (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm MODE. Hm ny thay cho hm MODE. Khi s dng hm

MODE.MULT m khng dng cng thc mng th kt qu tr v tng ng vi hm
MODE.SNGL.

NEGBINOM.DIST (Excel 2010)

Tr v phn phi nhi thc m, xc sut s c Number_f ln tht bi trc ln thnh cng th
Number_s, vi xc xut thnh cng l Probability_s.

Hm ny tng t nh phn phi nhi thc, ngoi tr vic s ln thnh cng c c inh v s ln
th bin i. Ging nh phn phi nhi thc, s ln th c gi inh l c lp.

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V d, bn cn tm 10 ngi c phn x tt nht v bn bit xc sut m mt ng vin t kh nng

ny l 0,3. Hm NEGBINOM.DIST tnh ton xc sut m bn s gp c mt s chc chn cc
ng vin khng t yu cu trc khi tm c 10 ng vin t yu cu.

C php: =NEGBINOM.DIST(number_f,number_s,probability_s,cumulative)

Number_f Bt buc. S ln tht bi.

Number_s Bt buc. S ngng thnh cng.

Probability_s Bt buc. Xc sut thnh cng.

Cumulative Bt buc. Mt gi tri l-gic quyt inh dng thc ca hm. Nu Cumulative l
TRUE, hm NEGBINOM.DIST tr v hm phn phi tich ly; nu FALSE, n tr v hm mt
xc sut.

Lu :
Number_f v number_s c ct ct v s nguyn.
Nu bt k i s no khng phi l s, hm NEGBINOM.DIST tr v gi tri li #VAL .
Nu probability_s < 0 hoc nu probability > 1, hm NEGBINOM.DIST tr v gi tri li
#NUM!
Nu number_f < 0 hoc number_s < 1, hm NEGBINOM.DIST tr v gi tri li #NUM! .
Phng trnh ca phn b nhi thc m l:

trong o:
x l number_f
r l number_s v
p l probability_s.

V d: Khi Cumulative l False th hm NEGBINOM.DIST= NEGBINOMDIST

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Hm Thng K (Statistical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 234

NEGBINOMDIST

Tr v xc sut ca phn phi nhi thc m, l xc sut m s c number_f ln tht bi trc khi
c number_s ln thnh cng, khi xc sut khng i ca mt ln thnh cng l probability_s.
Hm ny lm vic ging phn phi nhi phn, tr mt iu l s ln thnh cng l c inh, v s
php th c th thay i; cc php th c gi inh l c lp nhau.

V d, bn cn tm 10 ngi c phn x kho lo, v bn bit xc sut m mt ng c vin c

kh nng ny l 0.3. NEGBINOMDIST s tnh xc sut m bn s gp c mt s chc chn
cc ng c vin khng t yu cu, trc khi tm c 10 ng c vin t yu cu.

C php: =NEGBINOMDIST(number_f, number_s, probability_s)

Number_f : S ln tht bi.

Number_s : S ngng thnh cng.

Probability_s : Xc sut ca mt ln thnh cng.

Lu :
Nu number_f v number_s khng nguyn, chng s c ct bo phn thp phn tr
thnh s nguyn.
Nu c bt k i s no khng phi l s, NEGBINOMDIST() tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu probability_s < 0 hay probability_s > 1, NEGBINOMDIST() tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu number_f < 0 hay number_s < 1, NEGBINOMDIST() tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Phng trnh ca phn phi nhi thc m l:

Trong o: x = number_f, r = number_s v p = probability_s.

V d:
Tnh xc sut ca mt phn phi nhi thc m, bit s ln tht bi l 10, s ngng thnh cng l
5 v xc sut cho mt ln thnh cng l 0.25 ?
=NEGBINOMDIST(10, 5, 0.25) 0.55049

NORM.DIST (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm NORMDIST.

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NORMDIST

NORMDIST (= Normal Distribution) tr v phn phi chun. Hm ny c ng dng rt rng trong

thng k, bao gm c vic kim tra gi thuyt.

C php: =NORMDIST(x, mean, standard_dev, cumulative)

x : Gi tri tnh phn phi

mean : Gi tri trung bnh cng ca phn phi

standard_dev : lch chun ca phn phi

cumulative: Gi tri logic xc inh dng hm.

Nu cumulative l TRUE, NORMDIST tr v hm tnh phn phi tich ly ca phn phi

chun:

Nu cumulative l FALSE, NORMDIST tr v hm mt xc sut ca phn phi chun:

Lu :
Nu mean v standard_dev khng phi l s, NORMDIST s bo li #VALUE!
Nu standard_dev nho hn hoc bng 0, NORMDIST s bo li #NUM!
Nu mean = 0 v standard_dev = 1, cumulative = TRUE, NORMDIST s tr v phn phi
tich ly chun tc (standard normal distribution).

V d:

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NORM.INV (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm NORMINV.

NORMINV

Tr v nghich o ca phn phi tich ly chun.

C php: =NORMINV(probability, mean, standard_dev)

probability : Xc sut ng vi phn phi chun

mean : Gi tri trung bnh cng ca phn phi

standard_dev : lch chun ca phn phi

Lu :
Nu c bt k i s no khng phi l s, NORMINV s bo li #VALUE!
Nu probability nho hn 0 hoc ln hn 1, NORMINV s bo li #NUM!
Nu standard_dev nho hn hoc bng 0, NORMDINV s bo li #NUM!
Nu mean = 0 v standard_dev = 1, NORMINV s dng phn b chun.
NORMINV s dng phng php lp i lp li tnh hm. Nu NORMINV khng hi
t sau 100 ln lp, hm s bo li #NA!

V d:

NORM.S.DIST (Excel 2010)

Tr v phn phi chun chun ha (c mt gi tri trung bng 0 v lch chun bng 1).

Dng hm ny thay cho bng cha cc vng ng cong chun chun ha.

C php: =NORM.S.DIST(z,cumulative)

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Z Bt buc. Gi tri m bn mun tnh phn phi.

Cumulative Bt buc. Cumulative l mt gi tri l-gic quyt inh dng thc ca hm. Nu
Cumulative l TRUE, th hm NORMS.DIST tr v hm phn phi tch ly; nu l FALSE, n tr
v hm mt xc sut.

Lu :
Nu z khng c dng s, th hm NORM.S.DIST tr v gi tri li #VALUE! .
Phng trnh cho hm mt chun chun ha l:

V d: Khi Cumulative l TRUE th NORM.S.DIST= NORMSDIST

NORMSDIST

Tr v hm phn phi tich ly chun tc ca phn phi chun, l hm phn phi tich ly co gi tri
trung bnh bng 0 v lch chun l 1:

C php: =NORMSDIST(z)

z : Gi tri tinh phn phi

Lu :
Nu z khng phi l s, NORSMDIST s bo li #VALUE!

V d:
=NORMSDIST(1.333333) = 0.908789 (phn phi tch ly chun chun ha ti 1.333333)

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NORM.S.INV (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm NORMSINV. Hm ny thay th cho hm NORMSINV.

NORMSINV

Tr v nghich o ca hm phn phi tich ly chun tc.

C php: =NORMSINV(probability)

probability : Xc sut ng vi phn phi chun tc.

Lu :
Nu probability khng phi l s, NORMSINV s bo li #VALUE!
Nu probability nho hn 0 hoc ln hn 1, NORMSINV s bo li #NUM!
NORMSINV s dng phng php lp i lp li tnh hm. Nu NORMSINV khng hi
t sau 100 ln lp, hm s bo li #NA!

Vi gi tri xc sut a cho, hm NORM.S.INV tm kim gi tri z sao cho

NORM.S.DIST(z,TRUE)= probability. V vy, chnh xc ca NORM.INV ph thuc vo
chnh xc ca NORM.S.DIST. Hm NORM.S.INV s dng k thut tm kim lp.

V d:
=NORMSINV(0.908789) = 1.3333
=NORM.S.INV(0.908789) = 1.3333
(nghich o ca phn phi tich ly chun tc vi xc sut l 0.908789)

PEARSON

Tr v h s tng quan momen tich Pearson r, mt i lng v hng nm trong khong [-1, 1],
phn nh s m rng quan h tuyn tnh gia hai tp s liu.

C php: = PEARSON(array1, array2)

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Array1: L tp hp cc gi tri c lp.

Array2: L tp hp cc gi tri ph thuc.

Lu :
Cc i s phi l s, tn. mng hay tham chiu n cc c cha s.
Nu i s l mng hay tham chiu c cha cc gi tri text, logic, hay rng, th cc gi
tri o s c bo qua; tuy nhin, cha gi tri zero (0) th vn c tnh.
Nu array1 hay array2 rng hoc c s im d liu khng bng nhau, PEARSON s tr
v gi tri li #NA!
PEARSON() c tnh theo cng thc sau:

vi:

V d:
Cho tp hp cc gi tri c lp = {9, 7, 5, 3, 1}
v tp hp cc gi tri ph thuc = {10, 6, 1, 5, 3}

H s tng quan tich momen Pearson i vi hai tp s liu trn l:

r = PEARSON({9, 7, 5, 3, 1}, {10, 6, 1, 5, 3}) 0.699379

PERCENTILE

Tnh phn vi th k ca cc gi tri trong mt dy (tr v nhm tnh theo phn trm ca cc gi tri
trong mt dy).

C php: = PERCENTILE(array, k)

Array : L mng hay dy d liu inh ngha vi tri tng i.

k : L gi tri phn vi trong khong 0 n 1.

Lu :
Nu array rng hay cha hn 8191 im d liu, PERCENTILE s tr v li #NUM!
Nu k khng phi l s, PERCENTILE s tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu k < 0 hay k > 1, PERCENTILE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu k khng phi l bi s ca 1/(n-1), PERCENTILE s ni suy xc inh gi tri ti
phn vi th k.

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Hm Thng K (Statistical Functions) Gii Php Excel | 240

V d:
Sau khi thi hc k, mt lp hc n c s im bi thi nh sau: thp nht l 6.5 im, v cao nht
l 9.25 im. Vy, mun lt vo top 10 ca lp, th s im ti thiu phi t l bao nhiu ?

lt vo top 10, ngha l nm trong nhom 10% t im cao ca lp, hay ni cch khc, phi c
im thi ln hn hoc bng 90% s im thi, ta s dng hm PERCENTILE vi cng thc nh
sau:

= PERCENTILE({6.5, 9.25}, 0.9) 8.975

Vy, im bi thi phi t c 8.975 im tr ln th mi nm trong top 10 ca lp.

Noi cch khc, im s 8.975 nm trong nhm "90 Percentile"

T v d trn, ta thy con s X_percentile c hiu l ln hn hay bng X phn trm...

Chng hn, nu noi nh vy:

"...V mt kinh t, vi 11 triu dn, tng sn lng quc gia (GDP) c c lng l 342 ti m
kim, v cho mi u ngi, khong 31 ngn m kim. Li tc trung bnh hng nm cho mi u
ngi khong 27 ngn m kim, Hy-lp ng hng 93 percentile ca u Chu..."

Th chng ta s hiu rng Hy-lp c xp hng cao hn (hoc bng) 93% tng s nc ca Chu
u, hay ni cch khc, Hy-lp nm trong nhm 27% quc gia dn u chu u.

PERCENTILE.EXC (Excel 2010)

Tr v phn vi th k ca cc gi tri trong phm vi, trong o k nm trong phm vi 0..1, khng bao
gm 0 v 1.

C php: =PERCENTILE.EXC(array,k)

Array Bt buc. Mng hoc ia chi vng d liu xc inh.

K Bt buc. Gi tri phn vi trong phm vi 0..1, khng bao gm 0 v 1.

Lu :
Nu i s mng trng, hm PERCENTILE.EXC tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu k khng co dng s, th hm PERCENTILE.EXC tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.
Nu k 0 hoc nu k 1, th hm PERCENTILE.EXC tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu k khng phi l bi s ca 1/(n - 1), th hm PERCENTILE.EXC ni suy xc inh
gi tri ca phn vi th k.

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Hm PERCENTILE.EXC s ni suy khi gi tri cho phn vi a xc inh nm gia hai gi

tri trong mng. Nu hm khng th ni suy cho phn vi, k a xc inh, th Excel tr v gi
tri li #NUM!.

V d:

PERCENTILE.INC (Excel 2010)

Tr v phn vi th k ca cc gi tri trong dy, trong o k nm trong phm vi 0..1, bao gm 0 v 1.

Bn co th dng hm ny thit lp ngng chp nhn. Vi d, bn co th quyt inh kim tra

nhng ng vin t im cao hn phn vi th 90.

C php: =PERCENTILE.INC(array,k)

Array Bt buc. Mng hoc phm vi d liu xc inh vi tri tng i.

K Bt buc. Gi tri phn vi trong phm vi 0..1, bao gm c 0 v 1.

Lu :
Nu i s mng trng, hm PERCENTILE.INC tr v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu k khng co dng s, th hm PERCENTILE.INC tr v gi tri li #VALUE! .

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Nu k < 0 hoc nu k > 1, th hm PERCENTILE.INC tr v gi tri li #NUM! .

Nu k khng phi l bi s ca 1/(n - 1), th hm PERCENTILE.INC ni suy xc inh
gi tri ca phn vi th k.

V d: Hm PERCENTILE.INC l hm thay th cho hm PERCENTILE

PERCENTRANK

Tr v hng ca mt tri trong mt tp d liu, l s phn trm ca tp d liu o, hay noi cch
khc l xp hng mt tri trong mt tp d liu theo phn trm ca n trong tp d liu. Hm ny
c th c dng tnh vi tri tng i ca mt tri trong tp d liu. V d, tnh vi tr ca im
kim tra mn ton trong tt c cc im kim tra.

ng nhm ln hm ny vi hm RANK. Hm RANK cng tr v hng ca mt tri trong mt tp

d liu, nhng y l ln ca tri ny so vi cc tri khc trong danh sch.

C php: =PERCENTRANK(array, x, significance)

Array : L mng hay dy d liu inh ngha vi tri tng i.

k : L gi tri mun xp hng theo phn trm.

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Significance : L mt gi tri inh ngha s k s co ngha ( phn thp phn) cho s phn trm
c tr v. Nu bo qua, PERCENTRANK dng gi tri mc inh l 3 k s.

Lu :
Nu array rng, PERCENTRANK s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu significance < 1, PERCENTRANK s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu x khng khp vi mt trong cc tri trong array, PERCENTRANK s ni suy tr v
hng ng ca s phn trm.

V d: C bng d liu sau y:

Hng ca s 2 tnh theo phn trm trong d liu trn (l 0.333, bi v c 3 gi tri trong d liu nho
hn 2, v co 6 gi tri trong d liu ln hn 2: 3/(3+6) = 0.333):
= PERCENTRANK(A2:A11, 2) 0.333 = 33.3%

Hng ca s 4 tnh theo phn trm trong d liu trn, ly 2 s l thp phn:
= PERCENTRANK(A2:A11, 4, 2) 0.55 = 55%

Hng ca s 8 tnh theo phn trm trong d liu trn, ly 4 s l thp phn:
= PERCENTRANK(A2:A11, 8, 4) 0.6666 = 66.7%

Hng ca s 5 tnh theo phn trm trong d liu trn (l 0.583, bng 1/4 khong cch gia
PERCENTRANK ca 4 v PERCENTRANK ca 8):
= PERCENTRANK(A2:A11, 5) 0.583 = 58.3%

PERCENTRANK.EXC (Excel 2010)

Tr v th hng ca mt gi tri trong tp d liu di dng t l phn trm (0..1, khng bao gm
0 v 1) ca tp d liu.

C php: =PERCENTRANK.EXC(array,x,[significance])

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Array Bt buc. Mng hoc ia chi vng d liu vi cc gi tri dng s.

X Bt buc. Gi tri m bn mun bit th hng ca no.

Significance Ty chn. Gi tri xc inh s ch s co ngha ca gi tri phn trm tr v. Nu bo

qua, hm PERCENTRANK.EXC dng ba ch s (0.xxx).

Lu :
Nu i s mng trng, hm PERCENTRANK.EXC tr v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu s co ngha < 1, hm PERCENTRANK.EXC tr v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu x khng khp vi mt trong cc gi tri trong mng, th hm PERCENTRANK.EXC
ni suy tr v th hng theo t l phn trm thich hp.

V d:

PERCENTRANK.INC (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm PERCENTRANK.

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PERMUT

Tr v s hon vi c th co c ca mt tp hp cc i tng. Hon vi co ngha l o ln vi tr

cc i tng. Mt hon vi l mt tp con vi s lng cc i tng trong mi tp con ny a
c cho trc. Hm ny thng c dng trong cc php tnh xc sut kiu x s.

C php: =PERMUT(number, number_chosen)

Number : L tng s lng cc i tng, l mt s nguyn.

Number_chosen : L s cc i tng trong mi hon vi, l mt s nguyn.

Lu :
Cc i s s bi ct bo phn thp phn (nu co) tr thnh s nguyn.
Nu cc i s khng phi l s, PERMUT s tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu number 0 hay number_chosen < 0, PERMUT s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
PERMUT tnh ton theo cng thc sau y:

V d: Vi 3 ch s (1, 2 v 3), c th vit ra c bao nhiu ch s c 2 ch s v 3 con s ?

= PERMUT(3, 2) = 6 (o l 12, 21, 13, 31, 23 v 32)
= PERMUT(3, 3) = 6 (o l 123, 132, 213, 231, 312 v 321)

PERMUTATIONA (Excel 2013)

Tr v s hon vi cho s i tng a cho (vi tn sut lp) c th c chn t tng s i tng.

C php: =PERMUTATIONA(number, number-chosen)

Number Bt buc. Mt s nguyn m t tng s i tng.

Number_chosen Bt buc. Mt s nguyn m t s i tng trong mi hon vi.

Hm PERMUTATIONA dng phng trnh sau y:

Lu :
C hai i s bi ct ct thnh s nguyn.
Nu cc i dng s l nhng gi tri khng hp l, v d, khi tng s l khng (0) v s
c chn ln hn khng (0), hm PERMUTATIONA tr v gi tri li #NUM!.

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Nu cc i s dng s s dng cc loi d liu khng phi l s, hm PERMUTATIONA

tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.

V d:

PHI (Excel 2013)

Tr v gi tri ca hm mt cho mt phn phi chun chun hoa.

C php: =PHI(x)

X Bt buc. X l s bn mun tm mt ca phn phi chun chun hoa cho s ny.

Lu :
Nu x l mt gi tri s khng hp l, hm PHI tr v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu x l mt kiu d liu khng hp l, chng hn nh gi tri khng phi l s, hm PHI
tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.

V d:

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POISSON

Tr v xc sut ca phn phi Poisson.

ng dng ph bin ca phn phi Poisson l on s lng bin c s xy ra trong mt thi gian
xc inh. V d: S lng xe hi i ngang qua 1 im trn con ng trong mt khong thi gian
cho trc; s ln g bi sai ca khi nh my mt trang giy, s ln truy cp vo mt my ch web
trong mi pht...

C php: =POISSON(x, mean, cumulative)

x : S lng cc bin c.

Mean : Gi tri k vng.

Cumulative : Mt gi tri logic xc inh dng phn phi xc sut c tr v:

Nu cumulative l TRUE (1), POISSON tr v xc sut tich ly Poisson, y l s bin c
ngu nhin xy ra trong khong thi gian t 0 n x, k c x; v POISSONs c tnh theo
cng thc:

Nu cumulative l FALSE (0), POISSON() tr v xc sut im Poisson, trong o s bin

c xy ra chinh l x; v POISSON c tnh theo cng thc:

Lu :
Nu x khng nguyn, phn l ca n s c ct bo tr thnh s nguyn.
Nu x hay mean khng phi l s, POISSON tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu x < 0, POISSON tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu mean < 0, POISSON tr v gi tri li #NUM!

V d: Tnh xc sut tich ly v xc sut im ca phn phi Poisson nu s lng cc bin c l

2 v trung bnh k vng l 5 ?:

Xc sut tich ly Poisson:

=POISSON(2, 5, 1) 0.124652

Xc sut im Poisson:
=POISSON(2, 5, 0) 0.084224

POISSON.DIST (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm POISSON.

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PROB

Tnh xc sut xut hin ca nhm cc bin c (x_range) nm gia hai gii hn (upper_limit v
lower_limit). Nu bo qua gii hn trn (upper_limit) th xem nh nhom cc bin c l bng vi
gii hn di (lower_limit).

C php: =PROB(x_range, prob_range, lower_limit, upper_limit)

x_range : Dy cc gi tri.

Prob_range : Tp hp cc gi tri xc sut xut hin tng ng vi cc gi tri trong x_range, tng
cc gi tri ny phi bng 1.

Lower_limit : Gii hn trn ca tri mun tnh xc sut.

Upper_limit : Gii hn di ca tri mun tnh xc sut.

Lu :
Nu c bt k gi tri no trong prob_range 0 hay bt k gi tri no trong prob_range > 1
, PROB tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu tng cc gi tri trong prob_range khng bng 1, PROB tr v li #NUM!
Nu x_range v prob_range c s lng cc gi tri khng bng nhau, PROB tr v gi tri
li #NA!

V d:
Cho mt dy cc gi tri x l 0, 1, 2, 3; v cc xc sut tng ng vi x ln lt l 0.2, 0.3, 0.1, 0.4.
Hy tnh xc sut xut hin ca x khi x = 2 v khi x thuc khong [1, 3] ?

Xc sut khi x = 2:
=PROB({0, 1, 2, 3}, {0.2, 0.3, 0.1, 0.4}, 2) 0.1

Xc sut khi x thuc khong [1, 3]:

=PROB({0, 1, 2, 3}, {0.2, 0.3, 0.1, 0.4}, 1, 3) 0.8

QUARTILE

Tinh im t phn vi ca mt tp d liu (hay l tr v s t phn). Hm ny thng c dng

trong bn hng v kho st d liu chia cc tp hp thnh nhiu nhm. V d, c th dng
QUARTILE tm ra 25% nhng thu nhp cao nht.

C php: =QUARTILE(array, quart)

Array : L mng hay dy gm cc tri s tinh im t phn vi.

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Quart : L mt s, cho bit im t phn vi no c tr v:

0 : Gi tri nho nht (kt qu tr v tng ng vi kt qu ca hm MIN)
1 : im t phn vi th nht (phn vi th 25).
2 : im t phn vi th hai, l im trung bnh (phn vi th 50; kt qu tr v tng ng
vi kt qu ca hm MEDIAN)
3 : im t phn vi th ba (phn vi th 75)
4 : Gi tri ln nht (kt qu tr v tng ng vi kt qu ca hm MAX)

Lu :
Nu array rng, QUARTILE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu quart khng nguyn, phn l thp phn s bi ct bo.
Nu quart < 0 hay quart > 4, QUARTILE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

V d: C tp hp gm nhng con s sau: {1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12}

im nho nht:
= QUARTILE({1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12}, 0) = MIN(1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12) = 1

im t phn vi th nht:
= QUARTILE({1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12}, 1) = 3.5

im t phn vi th hai:
= QUARTILE({1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12}, 2) = MEDIAN(1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12) = 7.5

im t phn vi th ba:
= QUARTILE({1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12}, 3) = 9.25

im ln nht:
= QUARTILE({1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12}, 4) = MAX(1, 2, 4, 7, 8, 9, 10, 12) = 12

Hm QUARTILE.INC thay th cho hm QUARTILE.

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QUARTILE.EXC (Excel 2010)

Tr v t phn vi ca tp d liu, da vo cc gi tri phn vi t 0..4, khng bao gm 0 v 4.

C php: =QUARTILE.EXC(array, quart)

Array Bt buc. Mng hoc ia chi vng d liu cha cc gi tri s m bn mun tm gi tri t
phn vi.

Quart Bt buc. Chi r gi tri no cn tr v.

Lu :
Nu i s mng trng, hm QUARTILE.EXC tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu quang bn khng phi l s nguyn th no bi ct ct.
Nu quang bn 0 hoc nu quang bn 4, hm QUARTILE.EXC tr v gi tri li
#NUM!.
Hm MIN, MEDIAN v MAX tr v gi tri ging nh hm QUARTILE.EXC khi quart l
0, 2 v 4 tng ng.

V d:

QUARTILE.INC (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm QUARTILE.

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Phng php tnh ca QUARTILE.INC v QUARTILE.EXC trong Excel

QUARTILE.INC: m s phn t ca dy c n=10 s

Vi tr: Q1=1/4(n-1), Q2=1/2(n-1), v Q3=3/4(n-1)

Q1 Q2 Q3

V tr 1/4(9) = 2.25 1/2(9) = 4.5 3/4(9) = 6.75

Gi tr 5.5 12 18.5

QUARTILE.EXC: m s phn t ca day c n=10 s

Vi tr: Q1=1/4(n+1), Q2=1/2(n+1), v Q3=3/4(n+1)

Q1 Q2 Q3

V tr 1/4(11) = 2.75 1/2(11) = 5.5 3/4(11) = 8.25

Gi tr 4.5 12 20

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RANK

Tr v th hng ca mt tri trong mt tp d liu, l ln ca tri ny so vi cc tri khc trong

danh sch. Vi mt danh sch a sp xp, th hng ca mt s chnh l vi tr ca s o trong danh
sch. Hm ny thng c dng xp vi th cho hc sinh da vo bng im trung bnh.

ng nhm ln hm ny vi hm PERCENTRANK. Hm PERCENTRANK cng tr v hng ca

mt tri trong mt tp d liu, nhng y l s phn trm ca tp d liu o, hay noi cch khc l
xp hng mt tri trong mt tp d liu theo phn trm ca n trong tp d liu.

C php: =RANK(number, ref, order)

Number : L s mun tm th hng ca n.

Ref : L mng, l tham chiu hay l danh sch cc s. Cc gi tri khng phi l s trong ref s
c bo qua.

Order : L mt tri logic (0 hay 1) cho bit cch thc sp xp cc s hng trong ref.
Nu order l 0 hoc bo qua, Excel s tnh th hng cc s nh th danh sch a c sp
xp theo th t gim dn (t ln ti nho)
Nu order l 1, Excel s tnh th hng cc s nh th danh sch a c sp xp theo th
t tng dn (t nho ti ln)

Lu :
RANK sp xp cc s ging nhau vi cng mt th hng. Tuy nhin, s c mt ca nhng
s ging nhau s lm nh hng n hng ca cc s theo sau. V d, trong danh sch cc
s nguyn, nu s 10 c hai ln v c xp hng 7, th s 11 s xp hng 9 (khng c
hng 8).
Mun RANK sp xp cc s ging nhau vi nhng khng cng mt th hng (th hng s
chy lin tc khng mt s no), dng c php sau y (kt hp hm RANK vi hm
COUNT v COUNTIF):

Vi danh sch xp t ln n nho:

= RANK(number, ref) + COUNTIF(ref, number) - 1

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Vi danh sch xp t nho n ln:

= COUNT(ref) - (RANK(number, ref) + COUNTIF(ref, number)) + 2

V d 1: So snh mt s cch dng hm RANK

Cng thc B3:B12

= RANK(A3, $A$3:$A$12)

Cng thc C3:C12

= RANK(A3, $A$3:$A$125) + COUNTIF(A3:A$12, A3) - 1

Cng thc D3:D12

= RANK(A3, $A$3:$A$12, 1)

Cng thc E3:E12

= COUNT($A$3:$A$125) - (RANK(A3, $A$3:$A$12) + COUNTIF(A3:A$12, A3)) + 2

V d 2: Sp xp li mt danh sch theo th t t thp n cao

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Cng thc C3:C12

=COUNT($B$3:$B$125) - (RANK(B3, $B$3:$B$12) + COUNTIF(B3:B$12, B3)) + 2

Cng thc E3:E12

=OFFSET(A$3, MATCH(SMALL(C$3:C$12, ROW() - ROW(E$3)+1), C$3:C$12, 0) - 1, 0)

V d 3: Sp xp li mt danh sch theo th t t cao n thp

Cng thc C3:C12

=RANK(B3, $B$3:$B$125) + COUNTIF(B3:B$12, B3) - 1

Cng thc E3:E12

=OFFSET(A$3, MATCH(SMALL(C$3:C$12, ROW() - ROW(E$3) + 1), C$3:C$12, 0) - 1, 0)

V d 4: Sp xp li mt danh sch theo hai bng d liu

Cng thc I5:I14

=VLOOKUP(H5,$B$4:$C$14,2,0)+(VLOOKUP(H5,$E$5:$F$14,2,0)/1000)+(ROW()/1000000)

Cng thc J5:J14

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=RANK(I5, $I$5:$I$14) + COUNTIF($I$5:I5, I5) - 1

Cng thc L5:L14

=OFFSET(B$5, MATCH(SMALL(J$5:J$14, ROW() - ROW(L$5) + 1), J$5:J$14, 0) - 1, 0)

RANK.AVG (Excel 2010)

Tr v th hng ca mt s trong mt danh sch cc s: kich c ca s o trong mi tng quan

vi cc gi tri khc trong danh sch; nu nhiu gi tri co cng mt th hng, th tr v th hng
trung bnh.

C php: =RANK.AVG(number,ref,[order])

Number Bt buc. S m bn mun tm th hng ca no.

Ref Bt buc. Mt mng hoc tham chiu ti mt danh sch cc s. Cc gi tri khng phi l s
trong Ref s c bo qua.

Order Ty chn. Mt con s chi r cch xp hng s.

Lu :
Nu Order l 0 (khng) hoc c bo qua, th Excel xp hng s ging nh khi tham chiu
l mt danh sch theo th t gim dn.
Nu Order l bt k gi tri no khc khng, th Excel xp hng s ging nh khi tham chiu
l mt danh sch theo th t tng dn.

V d:

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RANK.EQ (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm RANK.

RSQ

Tinh bnh phng h s tng quan momen tch Pearson, thng qua cc im d liu
trong known_y's v known_x's. Tri bnh phng r c th hiu l t l phng sai trong thuc
tnh y vi phng sai trong thuc tnh x. bit thm thng tin, xem thm hm PEARSON.

C php: =RSQ(known_y's, known_x's)

known_y's, known_x's: L mng hay day cc im d liu.

Lu :
Cc i s phi l s, tn. mng hay tham chiu n cc c cha s.
Nu i s l mng hay tham chiu c cha cc gi tri text, logic, hay rng, th cc gi
tri o s c bo qua; tuy nhin, cha gi tri zero (0) th vn c tnh.
Nu known_y's hay known_x's rng hoc c s im d liu khng bng nhau, RSQ s tr
v gi tri li #NA!
Phng trnh tinh tri r ca ng hi quy l:

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vi:

V d:
Cho hai tp hp cc im d liu l {2, 3, 9, 1, 8, 7, 5} v {6, 5, 11, 7, 5, 4, 4}

Bnh phng h s tng quan tich momen Pearson i vi hai tp s liu trn l:
=RSQ({2, 3, 9, 1, 8, 7, 5}, {6, 5, 11, 7, 5, 4, 4}) 0.05795

SKEW

Tr v lch ca phn phi, m t khng i xng ca phn phi quanh tri trung bnh ca n.
lch (hay cn gi l bt i xng) c tnh bng cch ly moment th ba ca tri trung bnh
chia cho lch chun ly tha 3. lch dng cho bit phn phi c phn ui m rng sang
hng cc tri dng; lch m cho bit phn phi c phn ui m rng sang hng cc tri m.

C php: = SKEW(number1, number2, ...)

number1, number2, ... : C th c t 1 ti 255 i s (con s ny trong Excel 2003 tr v trc

chi l 30). Cc i s c th l s, l tn, l mng hay tham chiu n cc gi tri s.

Lu :
Nu i s l mt mng hay l mt tham chiu c cha text, gi tri logic, rng, cc gi
tri li, v.v... th cc gi tri o s c bo qua; tuy nhin, cc cha gi tri l zero (0) th
vn c tnh.
Nu co it hn 3 im d liu, hay lch chun l zero (0), SKEW tr v gi tri li #DIV/0!
Phng trnh tinh lch nh sau:

vi s l lch chun.

V d:
=SKEW(3, 4, 5, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 4, 7) 0.359543071

SKEW.P (Excel 2013)

Tr v xin ca phn b da trn mt tp hp: c trng mc mt i xng ca phn b

xung quanh trung bnh ca no.

C php: =SKEW.P(number 1, [number 2],)

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Number 1, number 2, Number 1 l bt buc, cc s tip theo l ty chn. Number 1, number

2 l cc s t 1 n 254 hoc tn, mng hoc tham chiu co cha cc s bn mun tm xin
tng th ca no.

Hm SKEW.P dng phng trnh sau y:

Lu :
i s co th l s hoc tn, mng hoc tham chiu co cha s.
Cc gi tri l-gic v trnh by s dng vn bn m bn g trc tip vo danh sch cc i
s s c m.
Nu mt i s mng hoc tham chiu co cha vn bn, gi tri l-gic hoc trng, th
nhng gi tri o s bi bo qua; tuy nhin nhng co gi tri bng khng (0) s c a vo.
Hm SKEW.P dng lch chun ca ton b tp hp, khng phi mt mu.
Nu cc i s l cc gi tri khng hp l, hm SKEW.P tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu cc i s dng cc kiu d liu khng hp l, hm SKEW.P tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!.
Nu co it hn ba im d liu hoc nu lch chun mu l khng (0), hm SKEW.P tr
v gi tri li #DIV/0!.

V d:

SLOPE

Tm h s gc ca ng thng hi quy bng cch s dng cc im d liu trong known_y's v

known_x's.

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bi hm INTERCEPT, ti c vit: phng trnh giao im ca ng thng hi quy l: (trong

o b l h s gc):

Vi:

Hm SLOPE chinh l hm xc inh gi tri b trn.

C php: = SLOPE(known_y's, known_x's)

Known_y's : Tp hp cc d liu ph thuc.

Known_x's : Tp hp cc d liu c lp.

Lu :
i s phi l s, tn, mng, hay tham chiu n cc cha s.
Nu cc i s l mng hay tham chiu c cha cc gi tri text, logic, hay rng, th cc
gi tri o s c bo qua; tuy nhin, cha gi tri zero (0) th vn c tnh.
Nu known_y's, known_x's l rng hay cha s im d liu khc nhau, SLOPE tr v gi
tri li #NA!
Gii thut ca hm SLOPE v hm INTERCEPT th khc vi gii thut ca hm LINEST.
S khc nhau gia chng l c th dn n nhng kt qu khc nhau i vi nhng d liu
cng nm trn mt ng thng v cha c xc inh. V d, nu nhng im d liu ca
i s known_y's l 0 v ca known_x's l 1:
SLOPE v INTERCEPT s tr v li #DIV/0! bi v gii thut ca SLOPE v INTERCEPT
c thit k tm ra mt v chi mt p n, m trong trng hp ny th kt qu tr v
c nhiu hn mt p n.
LINEST tr v kt qu l 0 bi v gii thut ca LINEST c thit k tm ra tt c
nhng p n ng vi nhng d liu , m trong trng hp ny th kt qu tr v c nhiu
hn mt p n cho nhng d liu cng nm trn mt ng thng, v trong trng hp
ny th c t nht mt p n c tm thy.

V d 1:
Vi tp hp known_y's = {2, 3, 9, 1, 8} v known_x's = {6, 5, 11, 7, 5}. Khng cn dng thi,
tnh h s gc ca ng thng hi quy ?
=SLOPE({2, 3, 9, 1, 8}, {6, 5, 11, 7, 5}) 0.305555556

V d 2: y l vi d a noi n bi Hm FORECAST

Da vo bng phn tch li nhun da theo gi thnh bng sau. Hay c lng mc li nhun
khi gi thnh = $270,000 ?

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Ta s dng hm SLOPE kt hp vi hm INTERCEPT tnh, bng phng php d bo hi quy

tuyn tinh n (y = ax + b), vi cc d liu ph thuc l Li nhun, v cc d liu c lp l Gi
thnh:

a = SLOPE(A2:A10, B2:B10) = -0.24021693

b = INTERCEPT(A2:A10, B2:B10) = 353,669.9277

x = 270,000

y = (ax + b) = (-0.24021693)*(270,000) + (353,669.9277) = 288,811 (lm trn khng ly s l)

Vy, khi gi thnh bng $270,000 th mc li nhun (c lng) l $288,811

rng, kt qu ny bng vi kt qu ca hm FORECAST.

SMALL

Tr v gi tri nho nht th k trong mt tp s liu. C th dng hm ny chn la gi tri da

theo vi tri tng i ca n.

C php: =SMALL(array, k)

array: Mng hay dy s liu dng xc inh gi tri nho nht th k

k: Vi tr (tnh t gi tri nho nht) trong mng hay dy s liu.

Lu :
Nu array rng, SMALL s tr v li #NUM!
Nu k < 0 hay k ln hn s lng cc s c trong array, SMALL s tr v li #NUM!

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Gi s n l s lng cc s c trong array, th SMALL(array, 1) tr v gi tri nho nht

(MIN), v SMALL(array, n) s tr v gi tri ln nht (MAX).

V d:

STANDARDIZE

Tr v gi tri chun ha ca x t phn phi biu thi bi mean v standard_dev.

C php: = STANDARDIZE(x, mean, standard_dev)

x : Gi tri mun chun ha.

Mean : Trung bnh cng ca phn phi.

Standard_dev : lch chun ca phn phi.

Lu :
Nu standard_dev 0, STANDARDIZE tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Phng trnh tinh tri chun ha l:

V d:
Tnh gi tri chun ha ca phn phi ti im = 42, bit trung bnh cng ca phn phi l 40 v
lch chun ca n l 1.5 ?
=STANDARDIZE(42, 40, 1.5) 1.333333

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STDEV

c lng lch chun da trn c s cc mu th ca mt tp hp.

lch chun, trong chng khon thng c dng o mc ri ro. V d, mt c phiu c

t sut li nhun trung bnh l 10%, lnh chun l 12%. Theo o s c 68,2% xc sut t
sut li nhun bin thin trong khong -2% cho n 22% v c 95,4% xc sut t sut li nhun
nm trong khong -14% cho n 34%. Nh vy khi lch chun cng cao th kh nng "lch"
ca t sut li nhun cng cao so vi t sut li nhun trung bnh, tc l c phiu c mc ri
ro cng cao.

Hm tinh lch chun da theo mt mu s tr v kt qu l mt con s c lng, c tnh

theo cng thc:

Trong o, n l tng s cc phn t trong mu v X l trung bnh cng ca cc phn t trong mu.

C php: =STDEV(number1, number2, ...)

number1, number2, ... : C th c t 1 n 255 i s (con s ny trong Excel 2003 tr v trc

chi l 30)

Lu :
STDEV gi inh rng cc i s ca n l mu ca mt tp hp, do o, nu d liu l ton
th tp hp, cn dng hm STDEVP hoc STDEVPA tinh lch chun.
Trong hm STDEV, cc gi tri logic nh TRUE, FALSE v cc gi tri text c bo qua;
nu mun tnh lun cc gi tri ny, bn c th s dng hm STDEVA vi c php tng
ng.

V d:

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STDEV.S (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm STDEV.

STDEVA

Xem cch s dng ti hm STDEV.

STDEVP

Tinh lch chun da trn ton th mt tp hp.

Hm tinh lch chun da trn ton th mt tp hp c tnh theo cng thc:

Trong o, n l tng s cc phn t trong tp hp v X l trung bnh cng ca cc phn t trong tp

hp.

C php: =STDEVP(number1, number2, ...)

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number1, number2, ... : C th c t 1 n 255 i s (con s ny trong Excel 2003 tr v trc

chi l 30)

Lu :
STDEVP gi inh rng cc i s ca n l ton th tp hp, do o, nu d liu chi l mt
s mu ca tp hp, ta dng hm STDEV hoc STDEVA tinh lch chun.
Trong hm STDEVP, cc gi tri logic nh TRUE, FALSE v cc gi tri text c bo qua;
nu mun tnh lun cc gi tri ny, bn c th s dng hm STDEVPA vi c php tng
ng.

V d:

STDEVP.S (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm STDEVP.

STDEVPA

Xem cch s dng ti hm STDEVP.

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Phng php tnh bnh qun trng s

Trong mt tp d liu, co th co mt gi tri no o th quan trng hn nhng gi tri khc. Vi d,

mt cng ty kinh doanh co nhiu b phn, trong o b phn t doanh thu cao nht l 100 triu
mt nm (vi mt t l li nhun no o, cha chc l cao nht), v b phn co doanh thu thp
nht chi l 1 triu mt nm (cng vi mt t l li nhun no o, nhng cha chc l thp nht).
Nu mun tinh t l li nhun trung bnh cho c cng ty, th s khng chinh xc nu ta ly tng t
l li nhun chia cho tng s b phn, v no co s cch bit qu ln gia b phn co doanh thu cao
nht v b phn co doanh thu thp nht. Ta cn phi dng cch khc tinh.

Xin gii thiu vi bn phng php tinh Bnh qun trng s. y cng l mt cch tinh trung
bnh cng, nhng da trn mc phn trm thnh cng (hoc tht bi) ca tng phn t i vi ton
tp s liu. Ti xin ly mt vi d c th minh ha cho phng php ny.

y l bng tinh m bn a thy cc bi trn:

No l mt bng thng k nhng sn phm bi li ca cc b phn. Hai ct u (B v C) l tn ca

b phn v tn ngi ng u. Ct E l tng s sn phm ca mi b phn lm c, v ct D l
s sn phm bi li trn tng s sn phm lm ra ca tng b phn. Ct F l s phn trm sn phm
bi li so vi s sn phm lm ra (= ct D / ct E)

Vi d, b phn A lm ra c 969 sn phm, trong o co 8 sn phm bi li, mc % sn phm bi

li ca b phn A = 8/969 = 0.8%

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By gi ngi ta mun tinh trong ton cng ty, t l trung bnh ca cc sn phm bi li cc b
phn l bao nhiu (tc l tinh mc trung bnh ca cc gi tri ni ct F)

Nu chi n gin l dng AVERAGE cho day F3:F22, th chc chn kt qu chng ta co c
khng phi l con s chinh xc, bi v s sn phm lm ra c ca tng b phn co s cch bit
kh nhiu. bng tinh ny, ta thy s sn phm lm c nhiu nht l ca b phn C (1,625 sn
phm) trong khi b phn lm c it sn phm nht chi l 689 sn phm (b phn R).

Vy ta phi lm nh sau:

1. Vi tng b phn, nhn t l sn phm bi li vi s sn phm lm ra c (ly tng gi tr

ct F nhn vi tng gi tr ct E)

2. Cng tt c kt qu ca bc 1 (cng tt c s sn phm c E)

3. Cng tt c cc sn phm lm ra c ca tt c cc b phn (cng cc gi tri ct E)

4. Ly kt qu bc 2 chia cho kt qu bc 3

Bn co th gp tt c cc bc trn trong mt cng thc mng (nh cng thc ti I7)

{=SUM(F3:F22 * E3:E22) / SUM(E3:E22))}

Ta s co t l trung bnh s sn phm bi li trong ton cng ty l 0.8%

Mt v d khc:

Mi bn nghin cu bng tinh sau, l mt vi d rt c th v cch tinh Bnh qun trng s:

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Tnh ton vi nhng gi tr ln nht hoc nh nht

Gi s bn co mt danh sch cc s, nu mun tinh tng ca 3 s ln nht trong danh sch ny,
hoc mun tinh trung bnh ca 10 s ln nht, v.v... bn co th kt hp hm LARGE v mt hm
khc thch hp (SUM chng hn) trong mt cng thc.

Dng tng qut ca cng thc l:

=FUNCTION(LARGE(range, {1,2,3,...,k}))

y, FUNCTION l mt hm no o thich hp, array l mng cha d liu, v k l s lng cc

gi tri trong mng s liu m bn mun trich ra. Noi cch khc, cng thc trn dng
hm FUNCTION tinh ton vi k gi tri ln nht do hm LARGE ly ra t mng s liu array.

Vi d, cng thc sau y s tinh gi tri trung bnh ca 5 gi tri ln nht trong khi d liu D3:D22
(cng thc ti I12)
=AVERAGE(LARGE($D$3:$D$22,{1,2,3,4,5}))

Tng t, dng tng qut ca cng thc dng tinh ton vi mt vi gi tri nho nht
trong mt mng s liu l:
=FUNCTION(SMALL(range, {1,2,3,...,k}))

Vi d, tinh tng ca 3 gi tri nho nht trong khi d liu D3:D22, ta dng cng thc sau ti
I13: =SUM(SMALL($D$3:$D$22,{1,2,3}))

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Tnh lch gia gi tr ln nht v gi tr nh nht

Bi ton n gin nht ca vic tinh ton s bin thin ca cc gi tri l tinh ton lch gia gi
tri ln nht v gi tri nho nht.

Excel khng co hm no tinh ton lch ny mt cch trc tip. Thay vo o, ta dng hm
MAX v MIN tm ra gi tri ln nht v nho nht, v sau o tinh s chnh lch gia hai gi tri
ny bng php tinh tr.

V d: I14 trong bng tinh sau y l cng thc tinh lch gia gi tri ln nht v gi tri nho
nht trong danh sch cc sn phm bi li:
= MAX($D$3:$D$22) - MIN($D$3:$D$22)

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STEYX

Tr v sai s chun ca tri d on y i vi mi tri x trong hi quy. Sai s chun l thc o

lng sai s trong d on y i vi mi tri x.

C php: =STEYX(known_y's, known_x's)

known_y's: L mng hay day cc im d liu ph thuc.

known_x's: L mng hay day cc im d liu c lp.

Lu :
Cc i s phi l s, tn. mng hay tham chiu n cc c cha s.
Nu i s l mng hay tham chiu c cha cc gi tri text, logic, hay rng, th cc gi
tri o s c bo qua; tuy nhin, cha gi tri zero (0) th vn c tnh.
Nu known_y's hay known_x's rng hoc c s im d liu khng bng nhau, STEYX s
tr v gi tri li #NA!
Phng trnh tinh sai s chun ca tri d on y l:

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vi:

V d:
Cho hai tp hp cc im d liu l {2, 3, 9, 1, 8, 7, 5} v {6, 5, 11, 7, 5, 4, 4}

Sai s chun ca tri d on y i vi mi tri x trong hi quy ca hai tp s liu trn l:

= STEYX({2, 3, 9, 1, 8, 7, 5}, {6, 5, 11, 7, 5, 4, 4}) 3.305719

T.DIST (Excel 2010)

Tr v phn b t Student phia bn tri. Phn b t c dng trong kim tra gi thuyt ca cc tp
d liu mu co s lng nho. Dng hm ny thay cho bng cc gi tri ti hn ca phn b t.

C php: =T.DIST(x,deg_freedom, cumulative)

X Bt buc. Gi tri s dng nh gi phn b

Deg_freedom Bt buc. L mt s nguyn cho bit s bc t do.

cumulative Bt buc. Mt gi tri l-gic quyt inh dng thc ca hm. Nu cumulative l TRUE,
hm T.DIST tr v hm phn phi tich ly; nu l FALSE, no tr v hm mt xc sut.

Lu :
Nu bt k i s no khng phi l s, hm T.DIST tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.
Nu deg_freedom < hm 1, T.DIST tr v gi tri li. Deg_freedom ti thiu phi bng 1.

V d:

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T.DIST.2T (Excel 2010)

Tr v phn phi t Student hai phia.

Phn phi t Student c dng trong kim tra gi thuyt ca cc tp d liu mu co s lng nho.
Dng hm ny thay cho bng cc gi tri ti hn ca phn phi t.

C php: =T.DIST.2T(x,deg_freedom)

X Bt buc. Gi tri s ti o dng nh gi phn phi.

Deg_freedom Bt buc. L mt s nguyn cho bit s bc t do.

Lu :
Nu bt k i s no khng phi l s, hm T.DIST.2T tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.
Nu deg_freedom < 1, hm T.DIST.2T tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu x < 0, hm T.DIST.2T tr v gi tri li #NUM!.

V d:

T.DIST.RT (Excel 2010)

Tr v phn phi t Student phia phi.

Phn phi t c dng trong kim tra gi thuyt ca cc tp d liu mu co s lng nho. Dng
hm ny thay cho bng cc gi tri ti hn ca phn b t.

C php: =T.DIST.RT(x,deg_freedom)

X Bt buc. Gi tri s dng nh gi phn phi.

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Deg_freedom Bt buc. L mt s nguyn cho bit s bc t do.

Lu :
Nu co bt k i s no khng phi l s, hm T.DIST.RT s tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.
Nu deg_freedom < 1, hm T.DIST.RT tr v gi tri li #NUM!.

V d:

TDIST

Tr v xc sut ca phn phi Student (phn phi t), trong o x l gi tri tnh t t v c dng
tnh xc sut. Phn phi Student c dng trong vic kim tra gi thuyt ca cc tp hp d liu
mu c s lng nho. Hm ny c dng thay cho bng cc tri tiu chun ca phn phi Student.

C php: =TDIST(x, degrees_freedom, tails)

x : Gi tri dng tnh phn phi.

Degrees_freedom : Bc t do, l mt s nguyn.

Tails : L 1 hoc 2, cho bit phn d ca phn phi c tr v nh th no. Nu tails = 1, TDIST
tr v phn phi mt pha; nu tails = 2, TDIST tr v phn phi hai pha.

Lu :
Nu c bt k i s no khng phi l s, TDIST tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu degrees_freedom < 1, TDIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu degrees_freedom v tails khng phi l s nguyn, chng s c ct bo phn thp
phn tr thnh s nguyn.
Nu tails khc 1 hoc 2, TDIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!

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Nu Tails = 1, TDIST = P(X > x); nu tails = 2, TDIST() = P(|X| > x) = P(X > x) hay =
P(X < x); vi X l bin ngu nhin ph thuc vo phn phi t.
Nu mun dng TDIST vi x < 0, nn bit rng TDIST(-x,df,1) = 1 TDIST(x,df,1) = P(X
> -x), v TDIST(-x,df,2) = TDIST(x,df,2) = P(|X| > x).

V d:
Tnh xc sut ca phn phi Student (t) vi gi tri x = 1.96 v s bc t do bng 60 ?

Xc sut mt pha:
=TDIST(1.96, 60, 1) 0.027322

Xc sut hai pha:

=TDIST(1.96, 60, 2) 0.054645

T.INV (Excel 2010)

Tr v nghich o phia tri ca phn phi t Student.

C php: =T.INV(probability,deg_freedom)

Probability Bt buc. Xc xut kt hp vi gi tri t ca phn phi t Student.

Deg_freedom Bt buc. S bc t do biu thi c im ca phn phi.

Lu :
Nu co bt k i s no khng phi l s, hm T.INV tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.
Nu probability <= 0 hoc probability > 1, hm T.INV tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu deg_freedom khng phi l s nguyn th no bi ct ct.
Nu deg_freedom < 1, hm T.INV tr v gi tri li #NUM!.

V d:

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T.INV.2T (Excel 2010)

Tr v nghich o hai phia ca phn phi t Student.

C php: =T.INV.2T(probability,deg_freedom)

Probability Bt buc. Xc xut kt hp vi gi tri t ca phn phi t Student.

Deg_freedom Bt buc. S bc t do biu thi c im ca phn phi.

Lu :
Nu bt k i s no khng phi l s, hm T.INV.2T tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.
Nu probability <= 0 hoc probability > 1, hm T.INV.2T tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu deg_freedom khng phi l s nguyn th no s c ct ct.
Nu deg_freedom < 1, hm T.INV.2T tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Hm T.INV.2T tr v gi tri t, sao cho P(|X| > t) = probability vi X l mt bin ngu nhin
ph thuc vo phn phi t v P(|X| > t) = P(X < -t or X > t).
Co th tr v gi tri t mt phia bng cch thay th probability bng 2*probability. Vi xc
xut l 0,05 v bc t do l 10, gi tri hai phia c tinh bng hm T.INV.2T(0,05,10) s
tr v 2,28139. Gi tri mt phia co cng xc sut v bc t do co th c tinh bng hm
T.INV.2T(2*0,05,10), tr v 1,812462.
Vi mt gi tri xc sut c cho, hm T.INV.2T s tm kim gi tri x sao cho
T.DIST.2T(x, deg_freedom, 2) = probability. Nh vy, chinh xc ca hm T.INV.2T
ph thuc vo chinh xc ca hm T.DIST.2T.

V d:

T.TEST (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm TTEST.

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TINV

Tr v gi tri t ca phn phi Student.

C php: =TINV(probability, degrees_freedom)

Probability : Xc sut kt hp vi phn phi Student.

Degrees_freedom : Bc t do, l mt s nguyn.

Lu :
Nu c bt k i s no khng phi l s, TINV tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu probablity < 0 hay probablity > 1, TDIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu degrees_freedom < 1, TDIST tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu degrees_freedom khng phi l s nguyn, n s c ct bo phn thp phn tr
thnh s nguyn.
TINV = P(|X| > t); vi X l bin ngu nhin ph thuc vo phn phi Student, P(|X|>t) =
P(X < -t hoc X > t).
Mt gi tri t mt pha c th c tr v bng cch thay th probability bng 2*probability.
Vi probability = 0.05 v bc t do l 10, gi tri t hai phia c tnh l TINV(0.05, 10) =
2.28139; trong khi gi tri t mt pha vi cng xc sut v bc t do nh vy s l
TINV(2*0.05, 10) = 1.812462.
TINV s dng phng php lp tnh hm. Vi probability cho trc, TINV s lp cho
ti khi TDIST(x, degree_freedom, 2) = probability. Nu TINV khng hi t sau 100 ln
lp, n s tr v gi tri li #NA!

V d:
Tnh gi tri t ca phn phi Student (t) bit xc sut = 0.054645 v s bc t do l 60 ?
=TINV(0.054645, 60) 1.959997462 = 1.96

TREND

Tr v cc tri theo xu hng tuyn tnh. Lm cho mt ng thng (dng phng php bnh
phng ti thiu) thch hp vi cc mng known_y's vknown_x's, v TREND tr v cc gi
tri y theo ng thng o.

TREND l mt hm cho ra kt qu l mt mng, do o no phi c nhp dng cng thc mng.

C php: =TREND(known_y's, known_x's, new_x's, const)

Known_y's : Mt tp hp cc gi tri y a bit, trong mi quan h y = mx + b.

Nu mng known_y's nm trong mt ct, th mi ct ca known_x's c hiu nh l mt
bin c lp.

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Nu mng known_y's nm trong mt dng, th mi dng ca known_x's c hiu nh l

mt bin c lp.

Known_x's : Mt tp hp ty chn cc gi tri x a bit, trong mi quan h y = mx + b.

Mng known_x's c th bao gm mt hay nhiu tp bin. Nu chi mt bin c s
dng, known_x's v known_y's c th c hnh dng bt k, min l chng co kich thc
bng nhau. Nu c nhiu bin c s dng, known_y's phi l mt vect (l mt dy, vi
chiu cao l mt dng, hay vi rng l mt ct)
Nu bo qua known_x's, known_x's s c gi s l mt mng {1, 2, 3, ...} vi kich thc
bng vi known_y's.
New_x's : L cc gi tri x mi, dng TREND tr v cc gi tri y tng ng.
New_x's phi gm mt ct (hay mt dng) cho mi bin c lp, ging nh known_x's. V
th, nu known_y's nm trong mt ct n, thknown_x's v new_x's phi c cng s
lng cc ct; nu known_y's nm trn mt dng n, th known_x's v new_x's phi c
cng s lng cc dng.
Nu bo qua new_x's, new_x's s c gi s gi s l ging nh known_x's.
Nu bo qua c known_x's v new_x's s c gi s l mng {1, 2, 3, ...} vi kich thc
bng vi known_y's.

Const : L mt gi tri logic cho bit c nn p hng s b n bng 0 hay khng (trong mi quan
h y = mx + b).
Nu const l TRUE (1) hoc bo qua, b c tinh bnh thng.
Nu const l FALSE (0), b c gn bng 0, khi o cc gi tri m s c iu chinh
y=mx.

Lu :
C th dng TREND lm thch hp cc ng cong a thc bng vic quy vo bin c
nhiu ly tha khc nhau. V d, gi s ct A cha cc tri y v ct B cha cc tri x. Khi o
c th nhp x^2 trong ct C, x^3 trong ct D, v.v... v tnh hi quy cc ct B, C, D... theo
ct A.
Khi nhp hng mng cho i s, nh hng mng cho known_y's chng hn, dng du phy
phn cch cc tri trn cng dng, v du chm phy phn cch cc dng.

V d 1:
y m mt bng d liu v li tc t thng th nht n thng th mi hai ca mt n vi. Xem
hai v d v hm TREND nh sau:

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tm gi tri tng ng vi cc gi tri a co, chn c khi cell C2:C13, nhp cng thc mng:
{=TREND(B2:B13, A2:A13)}

tm cc gi tri li tc d on cho cc thng t 13 n 17, chn khi cell B15:B19, nhp cng
thc mng:
{=TREND(B2:B13, A2:A13, A15:A19)}

V d 2: y l vi d a noi n trong bi Hm FORECAST

Da vo bng phn tch li nhun da theo gi thnh bng sau. Hay c lng mc li nhun
khi gi thnh = $270,000 ?

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Thay v dng hm FORECAST, ta c th dng TREND:

Cng thc A11 l: =TREND(A2:A10, B2:B10, B11) $288,811

Qua v d ny, ta thy rng, dng hm TREND hay hm FORECAST cng s c kt qu tng
ng. Hai hm ny chi khc nhau ch t gi tri dng d on trong cng thc, TREND th
t gi tri ny (new_x's) cui, cn FORECAST th t gi tri ny (x) u.

TRIMMEAN

Tr v trung bnh phn trong ca mt tp d liu. Trung bnh phn trong l gi tri trung bnh ca
mt tp d liu m a loi bt mt t l phn trm no o cc gi tri ti hai bin.

C php: =TRIMMEAN(array, percent, ...)

Array : Mng hoc dy cc gi tri ct bo bt mt t l phn trm phn bin v tnh trung bnh.

Percent : T l phn trm phn bin s bi loi ra khoi vic tnh ton. V d, nu percent = 0.2
(20%), s co 2 im d liu c loi bo khoi tp s liu co 10 im d liu (mt u v mt
cui).

Lu :
Nu percent < 0 hay percent > 1, TRIMMEAN s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
TRIMMEAN lm trn s im d liu xung bi s gn nht ca 2. Nu percent=0.1, th
10% ca 30 im d liu l 3 im, nhng cn i, TRIMMEAN chi loi bo mt tri
u v mt tri cui tp d liu.
Nu percent = 0, kt qu tr v ca TRIMMEAN ging nh kt qu tr v ca AVERAGE.

V d: C d liu gm 20 ch s nh sau:

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Tnh trung bnh sau khi bo bt 20% d liu (= 4 im d liu, 2 u v 2 cui):

=TRIMMEAN(A1:A20, 0.2) = AVERAGE(A3:A18) 4.875

TTEST

Tr v xc sut kt hp vi php th ca phn phi Student. Thng dng xc inh xem hai
mu th co xut pht t hai tp hp c cng gi tri trung bnh hay khng.

C php: =TTEST(array1, aray2, tails, type)

Array1, array2 : Tp hp s liu th nht v th hai.

Tails : L 1 hoc 2, cho bit phn d ca phn phi c s dng. Nu tails = 1, TTEST s dng
phn phi mt pha; nu tails = 2, TTEST s dng phn phi hai pha.

Type : Loi php th t c thc hin

1 : Php th tng cp
2 : Hai mu th cng phng sai (phng sai co iu kin khng i)
3 : Hai mu th khc phng sai (phng sai co iu kin thay i)

Lu :
Nu array1 v array2 khng c cng s phn t, v type = 1, TTEST tr v gi tri li #NA!
Nu tails v type khng phi l s nguyn, chng s c ct bo phn thp phn tr
thnh s nguyn.
Nu tails v type khng phi l s, TTEST tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu tails khc 1 hoc 2, TTEST tr v gi tri li #NUM!

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V d:
Cho hai tp hp sau:
A = 3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 1, 2, 4, 5
B = 6, 19, 3, 2, 14, 4, 5, 17, 1

Hy tnh xc sut kt hp vi php th t Student tng cp phn phi 2 pha?

=TTEST({3, 4, 5, 8, 9, 1, 2, 4, 5}, {6, 19, 3, 2, 14, 4, 5, 17, 1}, 2, 1) 0.196016 = 19.6%

VAR

Tr v phng sai ca mt mu.

Phng sai, noi nm na l "trung bnh ca bnh phng khong cch ca mi im d liu ti
trung bnh". Hay noi cch khc, phng sai l gi tri trung bnh ca bnh phng lch.

Hm tinh phng sai da theo mt mu s tr v kt qu l mt con s c lng, c tnh theo

cng thc:

Trong o, n l tng s cc phn t trong mu v X l trung bnh cng ca cc phn t trong mu.

C php: =VAR(number1, number2, ...)

number1, number2, ... : C th c t 1 n 255 i s (con s ny trong Excel 2003 tr v trc

chi l 30)

Lu :

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VAR gi inh rng cc i s ca n l mu ca mt tp hp, do o, nu d liu l ton

th tp hp, cn dng hm VARP hoc VARPA tinh phng sai.
Trong hm VAR, cc gi tri logic nh TRUE, FALSE v cc gi tri text c bo qua; nu
mun tnh lun cc gi tri ny, bn c th s dng hm VARA vi c php tng ng.

V d:
=VAR(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) 2.5

Th tnh li cng thc trn theo cng thc:

Ta c AVERAGE(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) = (1+2+3+4+5)/5 = 3

V d:

VARA

Xem cch s dng ti hm VAR.

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VARP

Tr v phng sai da trn ton th mt tp hp.

Hm tinh phng sai da trn ton th mt tp hp s tr v kt qu l mt con s c lng, c

tnh theo cng thc:

Trong o, n l tng s cc phn t trong tp hp v X l trung bnh cng ca cc phn t trong tp

hp. Chng ta thy VAR() v VARP() chi khc nhau ch1/(n-1) v 1/n

C php: =VARP(number1, number2, ...)

number1, number2, ... : C th c t 1 n 255 i s (con s ny trong Excel 2003 tr v trc

chi l 30)

Lu :
VARP gi inh rng cc i s ca n l ton th tp hp, do o, nu d liu chi l mt s
mu ca tp hp, ta dng hm VAR hoc VARA tinh phng sai.
Trong hm VARP, cc gi tri logic nh TRUE, FALSE v cc gi tri text c bo qua; nu
mun tnh lun cc gi tri ny, bn c th s dng hm VARPA vi c php tng ng.

V d:
=VARP(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) 2

Th tnh li cng thc trn theo cng thc:

Ta c AVERAGE(1, 2, 3, 4, 5) = (1+2+3+4+5)/5 = 3

V d:

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VARPA

Xem cch s dng ti hm VARP.

Cch tnh gi ng ca iu chnh ca cc c phiu (Thc s Lm Minh Chnh)

Trong chng khon, gi ong ca iu chinh ong vai tr ht sc quan trng trong vic phn tich
t sut li nhun ca c phiu. Nu s dng gi ong ca cha iu chinh, tc l gi c ng
trn bng nim yt gi ti sn chng khon, hoc c cung cp bi cc cng ty chng khon,
chng ta a bo qua li nhun m nh u t thu c t c tc v vic tch/thng c phiu, vn
ong vai tr rt quan trng. Khi o, vic phn tich hiu qu u t, cng nh vic so snh gia cc
c phiu vi nhau, vic thnh lp danh mc u t, hay ngay c vic phn tich k thut, s mt
tinh chinh xc. Trong bi ny, Thc s Lm Minh Chnh s trnh by tm quan trng v cch tinh
gi ong ca iu chinh ca cc c phiu.

C phiu chng ta ly ra minh ha l mt c phiu ABC no o, co bng gi ong ca cha iu

chinh trong 16 k nh bn di. Dng 16 k gi ong ca cha iu chinh ny, chng ta tinh ra
kt qu t sut li nhun, lch chun ca c phiu nh sau (xem Bng di):

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Gi ng ca cha iu hnh ca c phiu ABC

Vic tinh ton nh trn - vn chi da vo gi ong ca cha iu chinh - tht s khng chinh xc
v khng th hin c t sut li nhun v lch chun, cng nh xu hng gi ca c phiu
ABC v a bo qua li nhun m nh u t nhn c vic chia c tc v tch thng c phiu.

C phiu ABC co lich chia c tc v c phiu thng nh sau: cui k 3, c tc tin mt 5.000;
cui t 7, thng bng c phiu: tch 1 c phiu thnh 2, cui t 13, c tc tin mt 4.000; cui
t 14, thng bng c phiu; 2 c phiu tng 1 c phiu (tc 2 thnh 3).

Da vo nhng d liu o, chng ta s xc inh gi ong ca iu chinh ca ABC theo 2 bc

nh sau:

Bc 1: Tnh t sut li nhun tht s ca c phiu ABC theo tng k

Th hin tt c nhng h s ny vo ct G (h s tch/thng c phiu), ct J (c tc) v s dng

nhng cng thc th hin bng ch mu xanh trong cc tiu , chng ta s tm ra c t sut li

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nhun chinh xc theo tng k, ct M. T o s tinh c t sut li nhun trung bnh v lch
chun trong cc M22 v M23 theo nh bng sau (xem bng di):

Tnh t sut li nhun tht ca c phiu ABC

R rng t l lai sut thc tinh theo gi iu chinh ong ca (13,10%) cao hn nhiu so vi t l
lai sut chi tinh theo gi ong ca cha iu chinh (2,46%). lch chun o mc ri ro tinh
theo gi iu chinh (8,96%) cng thp hn so vi lch chun khi tinh theo gi ong ca cha
iu chinh (16,78%).

Nh vy chng ta a tinh c t l lai sut tht s tng k ca c phiu ABC. Vic cn li l

chng ta phi th hin gi ong ca iu chinh nh th no? Chng ta khng th dng gi ti ct
L biu din gi ca c phiu ABC. Ti k 16, gi c phiu ny l 19.000 ch u phi 57.000.
Chng ta s tinh ra gi ong ca iu chinh ca c phiu ABC trong vng 16 k theo cch tinh
ngc nh sau:

Bc 2: Tnh gi ng ca iu chnh ca c phiu ABC

Trc ht, cho gi ong ca iu chinh (CC) cui k 16 bng vi gi ong ca cha iu chinh
cui k 16. Trn Excel, cho R18=P18. Chng ta bit t sut li nhun k 16 c xc inh bng
cng thc:

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T sut li nhun k 16 = (Gi CC k 16 Gi CC k 15)/Gi CC k 15*100%

T cng thc o ta suy ra:

Gi ong ca k 15 = Gi CC k 16 *(1+t sut li nhun k 16)

p dng cng thc ny, chng ta s tinh c gi ong ca iu chinh ca cc k trc o theo
bng sau (xem bng sau):

Gi ng ca iu hnh ca c phiu ABC

Nh vy chng ta a co gi ong ca iu chinh trong 16 k.

Minh ho di nay s gip chng ta mt ln na nhn r s khc nhau ca gi ong ca iu chinh

v cha iu chinh:

Gi s chng ta co 1.000.000 v u t vo c phiu ABC trong 16 k. Vi gi ong ca cha

iu chinh, chng ta chi nhn c 1.117.647 sau 16 k, trong khi o vi gi ong ca iu chinh,
s tin nhn c l 6.035.800 v y mi l con s chinh xc thu c t khon u t ny (xem
bng di).

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Kt qu u t theo 2 cch tnh gi

Trc khi kt thc, xin lu cc bn ba im: Th nht, co mt vi phng cch tinh gi iu

chinh khc, tuy vy chng cho kt qu tng t. Th hai, gi ong ca iu chinh ca mt c
phiu s thay i khi co s kin chia c tc hay tch/thng c phiu. Tuy vy, t sut lai sut ca
tng k l khng thay i v gi iu chinh cui k bao gi cng bng vi gi ong ca cui k
cha iu chinh. Th ba, trong khi ch i mt t chc ti Vit Nam cung cp gi ny, tng c
nhn chng ta co th tinh gi ong ca iu chinh s dng. iu quan trng cn phi l
chng ta phi chn im xut pht. Tt nht l t ngy u giao dich ca c phiu. Nu khng co
s liu trong qu kh, th co th s dng mt ngy no o gn hn, chng hn 2/1/2007. iu
cn ghi nh l nn chn mt im xut pht ging nhau cho cc c phiu m chng ta inh phn
tich hay thnh lp danh mc u t...

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WEIBULL

Tr v xc sut ca phn phi Weibull. Phn phi ny thng c s dng trong phn tich tin
cy, v d nh tnh tui th trung bnh ca mt thit bi.

C php: =WEIBULL(x, alpha, beta, cummulative)

x : Gi tri tnh hm.

Alpha v Beta : Tham s cho phn phi.

Cumulative : Gi tri logic xc inh dng hm. Nu cumulative l TRUE (1), WEIBULL tr v
hm tnh phn phi tich ly ca phn phi Weibull; nu cumulative l FALSE (0), WEIBULL tr
v hm mt xc sut ca phn phi Weibull.

Lu :
Nu x, alpha hay beta khng phi l s, WEIBULL tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu x < 0, WEIBULL tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu alpha 0 hay beta 0, WEIBULL tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Phng trnh ca hm phn phi tich ly WEIBULL l:

Phng trnh ca hm mt xc sut WEIBULL l:

Khi alpha = 1, WEIBULL tr v xc sut ca hm phn phi m, vi:

V d:
Vi x = 105 , alpha = 20 v beta = 100, tnh hm phn phi tich ly Weibull v hm mt xc
sut Weibull ?

Hm phn phi tich ly Weibull:

=WEIBULL(105, 20, 100, 1) 0.929581

Hm mt xc sut Weibull:
=WEIBULL(105, 20, 100, 0) 0.035589

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WEIBULL.DIST (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm WEIBULL. Hm ny thay cho hm WEIBULL.

Z.TEST (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm ZTEST. Hm ny thay cho hm ZTEST.

ZTEST

Tr v xc sut mt pha ca php th z. Vi mt gi tri k vng cho trc (x), php th z tr v

xc sut ca mt phn phi chun m o trung bnh ca tp hp ln hn trung bnh ca nhng
quan trc trong tp hp o.

C php: =ZTEST(array, x, sigma)

Array : Tp hp s liu kim tra gi tri k vng x.

x : Gi tri k vng dng kim tra.

Sigma : lch chun ca tp hp. Nu bo qua, hm s dng lch chun mu.

Lu :

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Nu array rng, ZTEST tr v gi tri li #NA!

Khi c sigma, ZTEST c tnh theo cng thc sau:

Khi bo qua sigma, ZTEST c tnh theo cng thc sau:

Vi:

ZTEST tr v xc sut mt pha ca mt phn phi chun m o trung bnh ca tp hp

ln hn trung bnh ca nhng quan trc trong tp hp, vi gi tri k vng x. Do tnh cht
i xng ca phn phi chun, nu trung bnh ca mu nho hn gi tri k vng x, ZTEST
s tr v mt gi tri ln hn 0.5
Excel dng cng thc sau y tnh ton xc sut hai pha, khi s trung bnh mu cch
xa gi tri k vng x (v c hai pha):
= 2 * MIN(ZTEST(array, x, sigma), 1 - (ZTEST(array, x, sigma))

V d:
Vi mng d liu (array) = 3, 6, 7, 8, 6, 5, 4, 2, 1, 9. Dng ZTEST kim tra gi tri k vng x=4
vi lch chun mu, ta c cc kt qu nh sau:

Xc sut mt pha ti x=4:

= ZTEST({3, 6, 7, 8, 6, 5, 4, 2, 1, 9}, 4) 0.090574

Xc sut hai pha ti x=4:

= 2 * MIN(ZTEST({3, 6, 7, 8, 6, 5, 4, 2, 1, 9}, 4), 1 - ZTEST({3, 6, 7, 8, 6, 5, 4, 2, 1, 9}, 4))
0.181148

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II.7. HM K THUT (EGINEERING FUNCTIONS)

BESSELJ

Excel cung cp 4 hm sau: BESSELJ, BESSELI, BESSELK v BESSELY, u c chung mt c

php.

C php: =BESSELI(x, n)
=BESSELJ(x, n)
=BESSELK(x, n)
=BESSELY(x, n)

x : Gi tri tnh ton hm Bessel

n : Bc ca hm. Nu n khng phi l s nguyn, phn l ca n s c lm trn

Lu :
Nu x hoc n khng phi l s, hm s tr v li #VALUE!
Nu n < 0, hm s tr v li #NUM!
Cng thc tnh ca cc hm Bessel
BESSELJ s tr v hm Bessel.
Hm Bessel bc n bin x c tnh theo cng thc sau y:

Hm BESSELY, cn c gi l hm Weber Bessel, c tnh theo cng thc sau:

vi Jv(x) l hm Bessel bc v vi bin x

BESSELI v BESSELK l hai hm Bessel bin i, tng ng vi hm Bessel dnh cho

cc i s thun o, c tnh theo cng thc:

vi Jn(ix) l hm Bessel bc n vi bin thun o ix v Yn(ix) l hm Weber Bessel

bc n vi bin thun o ix

V d:

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= BESSELI(1.5, 1) : Hm Bessel bin i In(x) bc 1 ti 1.5 (0.981666)

= BESSELJ(1.9, 2) : Hm Bessel Jn(x) bc 2 ti 1.9 (0.329926)
= BESSELK(1.5, 1) : Hm Bessel bin i Kn(x) bc 1 ti 1.5 (0.329926)
= BESSELY(2.5, 1) : Hm Weber Bessel Yn(x) bc 1 ti 2.5 (0.145918)

BESSELI

Xem cch s dng ti hm BESSELJ.

BESSELK

Xem cch s dng ti hm BESSELJ.

BESSELY

Xem cch s dng ti hm BESSELJ.

BIN2DEC

i s nhi phn sang s thp phn.

C php: =BIN2DEC(number)
number: L mt s dng nhi phn. Number khng th cha nhiu hn 10 k t (10 bits), trong
o bit ngoi cng bn tri l bit du, 9 bit cn li l cc bit gi tri, s m c th hin bng k
hiu b hai.

Lu :
Nu number l s nhi phn khng hp l hoc nu number cha nhiu hn 10 k t
(10 bits), BIN2DEC s tr v li #NUM!

V d:
= BIN2DEC(1100100) : Chuyn i s nhi phn 1100100 sang thp phn (100)
= BIN2DEC(1111111111) : Chuyn i s nhi phn 1111111111 sang thp phn (-1)

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BIN2HEX

i s nhi phn sang s thp lc phn.

C php: =BIN2HEX(number [, places])
number : L mt s dng nhi phn. Number khng th cha nhiu hn 10 k t (10 bits), trong
o bit ngoi cng bn tri l bit du, 9 bit cn li l cc bit gi tri, s m c th hin bng k
hiu b hai.
places : L s k s mun s dng kt qu. Nu bo qua places, BIN2HEX s s dng mt s
lng ti thiu cc k s cn thit. i s placeschi cn thit khi mun thm vo bn tri kt
qu cc k s 0 kt qu co s k s cn thit.

Lu :
Nu number l s nhi phn khng hp l hoc nu number cha nhiu hn 10 k t
(10 bits), BIN2HEX s tr v li #NUM!
Nu number l s m, BIN2HEX s bo qua places v tr v 10 k t s thuc h 16
Nu kt qu tr v c s k s nhiu hn places, BIN2HEX s tr v li #NUM!
Nu places khng nguyn, phn l ca places s c bo qua
Nu places khng phi l s, BIN2HEX s tr v li #VALUE!
Nu places l s m, BIN2HEX s tr v li #NUM!

V d:
=BIN2HEX(11111011, 4) 00FB: Chuyn i s nhi phn 11111011 sang s thp lc phn c 4
k s
=BIN2HEX(1110) E: Chuyn i s nhi phn 1110 sang s thp lc phn
=BIN2HEX(1111111111) FFFFFFFFFF: Chuyn i s nhi phn 1111111111 sang s thp lc
phn

BIN2OCT

i s nhi phn sang s bt phn.

C php: =BIN2OCT(number [, places])
number : L mt s dng nhi phn. Number khng th cha nhiu hn 10 k t (10 bits), trong
o bit ngoi cng bn tri l bit du, 9 bit cn li l cc bit gi tri, s m c th hin bng k
hiu b hai.
places : L s k s mun s dng kt qu. Nu bo qua places, BIN2OCT s s dng mt s
lng ti thiu cc k s cn thit. i s placeschi cn thit khi mun thm vo bn tri kt
qu cc k s 0 kt qu co s k s cn thit.

Lu :
Nu number l s nhi phn khng hp l hoc nu number cha nhiu hn 10 k t (10
bits), BIN2OCT s tr v li #NUM!
Nu number l s m, BIN2OCT s bo qua places v tr v 10 k t s thuc h bt phn

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Nu kt qu tr v c s k s nhiu hn places, BIN2OCT s tr v li #NUM!

Nu places khng nguyn, phn l ca places s c bo qua
Nu places khng phi l s, BIN2OCT s tr v li #VALUE!
Nu places l s m, BIN2OCT s tr v li #NUM!

V d:
= BIN2OCT(1001, 3) : Chuyn i s nhi phn 1001 sang s bt phn c 3 k s (011)
= BIN2OCT(1100100) : Chuyn i s nhi phn 1100100 sang s bt phn (144)
= BIN2OCT(1111111111) : Chuyn i s nhi phn 1111111111 sang s bt phn (7777777777)

BITAND (Excel 2013)

Tr v bitwise 'And' ca hai s.

C php =BITAND( number1, number2)

Number1 Bt buc. Phi l dng s thp phn v ln hn hoc bng 0.

Number2 Bt buc. Phi l dng s thp phn v ln hn hoc bng 0.

Lu :
BITAND tr v s thp phn.
Gi tri ca mi vi tr bit chi c m nu c hai bit ca cc tham s vi tri o bng 1.
Cc gi tri c tr v t cc vi tr bit tinh tin t phi sang tri di dng ly tha ca 2.
Bit ngoi cng bn phi tr v 1 (2^0), bit k tip tr v 2 (2^1) v.v.
Nu i s nho hn 0, BITAND s tr v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu mt trong hai i s khng phi l gi tri nguyn hoc ln hn (2^48)-1, hm BITAND
s tr v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu mt trong hai i s c gi tri khng phi l s, BITAND s tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.

V d:

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BITLSHIFT (Excel 2013)

Tr v mt s c dich sang tri bng s lng bit c th.

C php =BITLSHIFT(number, shift_amount)

Number Bt buc. Number phi l s nguyn ln hn hoc bng 0.

Shift_amount Bt buc. Shift_amount phi l s nguyn.

Lu :
Chuyn dich mt s sang tri tng ng vi vic thm cc s 0 vo bn phi ca php
biu din nhi phn ca s o. Vi d, dich 2 bit sang tri trn gi tri thp phn 4 s chuyn
i gi tri nhi phn (100) thnh 10000 hoc thnh 16 trong dng thp phn.
Nu mt trong hai i s nm ngoi mc gii hn, hm BITLSHIFT s tr v li #NUM!.
Nu Number ln hn (2^48)-1, hm BITLSHIFT s tr v li #NUM! .
Nu gi tri tuyt i ca Shift_amount ln hn 53, hm BITLSHIFT s tr v li #NUM!.
Nu mt trong hai i s c gi tri khng phi l s, BITLSHIFT s tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!.
Mt s m c dng nh i s Shift_amount, hm s dich s bit sang bn phi.
Mt s m c dng nh i s Shift_amount, hm s tr v kt qu ging nh i s
shift_amount dng trong hm BITRSHIFT.

V d:

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BITOR (Excel 2013)

Tr v bitwise 'Or' ca hai s.

C php =BITOR(number1, number2)

Number1 Bt buc. Phi l dng s thp phn v ln hn hoc bng 0.

Number2 Bt buc. Phi l dng s thp phn v ln hn hoc bng 0.

Lu :
Kt qu l 'bitwise 'OR' ca cc tham s.
Gi tri ca mi vi tr bit chi c m nu mt trong hai bit ca cc tham s vi tri o l
1.
Cc gi tri c tr v t cc vi tr bit tinh tin t phi sang tri di dng ly tha ca 2.
Bit ngoi cng bn phi tr v 1 (2^0), bit k tip tr v 2 (2^1) v.v.
Nu mt trong hai i s nm ngoi mc gii hn, hm BITOR s tr v li #NUM!.
Nu mt trong hai i s ln hn (2^48)-1, hm BITOR s tr v li #NUM!.
Nu mt trong hai i s c gi tri khng phi l s, hm BITOR s tr v li #VALUE!.

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V d:

BITRSHIFT (Excel 2013)

Tr v mt s c dich sang phi bng s lng bit c th.

C php =BITRSHIFT(number, shift_amount)

Number Bt buc. Phi l s nguyn ln hn hoc bng 0.

Shift_amount Bt buc. Phi l s nguyn.

Lu :
Chuyn dich mt s sang phi tng ng vi vic loi bo cc bit ngoi cng bn phi
ca php biu din nhi phn ca s o. Vi d, dich 2 bit sang phi ca s thp phn 13 c
biu din nhi phn l 1101 th kt qu l 11 ( dng nhi phn) hoc l 3 ( dng thp phn).
Nu mt trong hai i s nm ngoi mc gii hn, hm BITRSHIFT tr v li #NUM!.
Nu Number ln hn (2^48)-1, hm BITRSHIFT tr v li #NUM!.
Nu gi tri tuyt i ca Shift_amount ln hn 53, hm BITRSHIFT tr v li #NUM!.
Nu mt trong hai i s c gi tri khng phi l s, hm BITRSHIFT tr v li #VALUE!.
Mt s m c dng nh i s Shift_amount, hm s dich s bit sang bn tri.
Mt s m c dng nh i s Shift_amount, hm s tr v kt qu ging nh i s
Shift_amount dng i vi hm BITLSHIFT.

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V d:

BITXOR (Excel 2013)

Tr v bitwise 'XOR' ca hai s.

C php =BITXOR(number1, number2)

Number1 Bt buc. Phi ln hn hoc bng 0.

Number2 Bt buc. Phi ln hn hoc bng 0.

Lu :
BITXOR tr v mt s thp phn l kt qu ca tng bitwise 'XOR' (XOR loi tr) ca cc
tham s.
Nu mt trong hai i s nm ngoi mc gii hn, hm BITXOR tr v li #NUM!.
Nu mt trong hai i s ln hn (2^48)-1, hm BITXOR tr v li #NUM!.
Nu mt trong hai i s khng phi l s, hm BITXOR tr v li #VALUE!.
Gi tri ca mi vi tr bit chi c m nu ti vi tri o bit ca hai tham s l khc nhau
(mt ci l 0 v ci cn li l 1 v ngc li).

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Cc gi tri c tr v t cc vi tr bit tinh tin t phi sang tri di dng ly tha ca 2.

Bit ngoi cng bn phi tr v 1 (2^0), bit k tip tr v 2 (2^1) v.v.

V d:

COMPLEX

Chuyn i mt h s thc v mt h s o thnh mt s phc c dng x + yi hay x + yj

C php: =COMPLEX(real_num, i_num [, suffix])

real_num : H s thc, phi l mt con s

i_num : H s o, phi l mt con s

suffix : Hu t cho h s o ca s phc, mc inh l i (t trong cp du mc kp)

Lu :
Nu real_num hoc i_num khng phi l mt s, hm s tr v li #VALUE!
Tt c cc hm s phc u chp nhn_i_hoc _j_lm hu t, nhng khng c vit hoa
( I hoc J ), nu s dng ch hoa, hm cng s bo li #VALUE!

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V d:
= COMPLEX(3, 4) : S phc vi h s thc l 3 v h s o l 4 (3 + 4i)
= COMPLEX(3, 4, "j") : S phc vi h s thc l 3, h s o l 4, hu t l j (3 + 4j)
= COMPLEX(0, 1) : S phc vi h s thc l 0, h s o l 1; y l mt s thun o (i)
= COMPLEX(1, 0) : S phc vi h s thc l 1, h s o l 0; y l mt s thc (1)

CONVERT

Chuyn i cc n vi o lng vi nhau

C php: =CONVERT(number, from_unit, to_unit)

number : Gi tri mun chuyn i

from_unit : n vi o lng gc (ca number) mun chuyn

to_unit : n vi o lng cho kt qu chuyn i

Lu :
Nu loi d liu nhp vo khng hp l, hm s tr v li #VALUE!
Nu loi n vi khng tn ti, hoc khng h tr tin t (prefix) vit tt, hoc khng nm
trong cng mt nhm, hm s tr v li #NA!

Cch nhp ch vit tt trong from_unit v to_unit:

CONVERT chp nhn cc gi tri text nh sau, khi nhp, phi t chng trong cp du nhy kp,
v CONVERT chi chuyn i qua li gia cc loi n vi trong cng mt nhm (Vd: khng th
i inch sang lit c)

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n vi tin t (prefix) vit tt sau y co th c chuyn i qua li vi nhau. Khi nhp cc n

vi tin t vit tt ny, cn phn bit ch thng v ch hoa.

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V d:
=CONVERT(1.0, "lbm", "kg") 0.453592 (1 pound = 0.435392 kg)
=CONVERT(68, "F", "C") 20 (68 F = 20 C)
=CONVERT(2.5, "ft", "sec") #NA! (n vi chuyn i khng cng 1 nhm)
=CONVERT(CONVERT(100,"ft","m"),"ft","m") 9.290304 (100 dm vung=9.290304 mt
vung)

DEC2BIN

i s thp phn sang s nhi phn.

C php: =DEC2BIN(number [, places])

number : L mt s nguyn dng thp phn. Nu number m, places c bo qua v DEC2BIN

tr v s nhi phn gm 10 k s (10 bits), trong o bit ngoi cng bn tri l bit du, 9 bit cn li
l cc bit gi tri, s m c th hin bng k hiu b hai.

places : L s k s mun s dng kt qu. Nu bo qua places, DEC2BIN s s dng mt s

lng ti thiu cc k s cn thit. i s placeschi cn thit khi mun thm vo bn tri kt qu
cc k s 0 kt qu co s k s cn thit.

Lu :

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Nu number < -512 hay number > 511, hoc s lng cc k s do DEC2BIN tr v ln
hn places, hoc places l s m, DEC2BIN s tr v li #NUM!
Nu number hoc places khng phi l mt s , DEC2BIN s tr v li #VALUE!
Nu places khng phi l mt s nguyn, phn l ca places s c bo qua

V d:
= DEC2BIN(9, 4) : Chuyn i s thp phn 9 sang s nhi phn c 4 k s (1001)
= DEC2BIN(-100) : Chuyn i s thp phn -100 sang s nhi phn (1110011100)

DEC2HEX

i s thp phn sang s thp lc phn.

C php: =DEC2HEX(number [, places])

number : L mt s nguyn dng thp phn. Nu number m, places s c bo qua v

DEC2HEX s tr v mt s thp lc phn gm 10 k s (40 bits), trong o bit ngoi cng bn tri
l bit du, 39 bit cn li l cc bit gi tri, s m c th hin bng k hiu b hai.

places : L s k s mun s dng kt qu. Nu bo qua places, DEC2HEX s s dng mt s

lng ti thiu cc k s cn thit. i s placeschi cn thit khi mun thm vo bn tri kt qu
cc k s 0 kt qu co s k s cn thit.

Lu :
Nu number < -549,755,813,888 hay number > 549,755,813,887, DEC2HEX tr v li
#NUM!
Nu kt qu tr v c s k s nhiu hn places, DEC2HEX tr v li #NUM!
Nu places khng nguyn, phn l ca places s c bo qua
Nu number hoc places khng phi l s, DEC2HEX s tr v li #VALUE!
Nu places l s m, DEC2HEX tr v li #NUM!

V d:
= DEC2HEX(100, 4) : Chuyn i s thp phn 100 sang s thp lc phn c 4 k s (0064)
= DEC2HEX(-54) : Chuyn i s thp phn -54 sang s thp lc phn (FFFFFFFFCA)

DEC2OCT

i s thp phn sang s bt phn.

C php: =DEC2OCT(number [, places])

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number : L mt s nguyn dng thp phn. Nu number m, places s c bo qua v

DEC2OCT() s tr v mt s bt phn gm 10 k s (30 bits), trong o bit ngoi cng bn tri l
bit du, 29 bit cn li l cc bit gi tri, s m c th hin bng k hiu b hai.

places : L s k s mun s dng kt qu. Nu bo qua places, DEC2OCT s s dng mt s

lng ti thiu cc k s cn thit. i s placeschi cn thit khi mun thm vo bn tri kt qu
cc k s 0 kt qu co s k s cn thit.

Lu :
Nu number < -536,870,912 hay number > 536,870,911, DEC2OCT s tr v li #NUM!
Nu kt qu tr v c s k s nhiu hn places, DEC2OCT s tr v li #NUM!
Nu places khng nguyn, phn l ca places s c bo qua
Nu number hoc places khng phi l s, DEC2OCT s tr v li #VALUE!
Nu places l s m, DEC2OCT() s tr v li #NUM!

V d:
= DEC2OCT(58, 3) : Chuyn i s thp phn 58 sang s bt phn c 3 k s (072)
= DEC2OCT(-100) : Chuyn i s thp phn -100 sang s bt phn (7777777634)

DELTA

Kim tra xem hai gi tri c bng nhau hay khng. Nu bng nhau, hm s tr v 1; nu khng bng
nhau, hm s tr v 0.

Hm ny thng c dng lc cc tp gi tri. V d, bng cc tnh tng cc DELTA, ta c th

m c c bao nhiu s cp bng nhau.
Hm ny cn c bit n vi mt tn khc l hm Kronecker Delta.

C php: =DELTA(number1 [, number2])

number1, number2 : L nhng con s. Nu bo qua number2, xem nh number2 l 0.

Nu number1 hoc number2 khng phi l s, hm DELTA s tr v li #VALUE!

V d:
=DELTA(5, 4) = 0 (5 4)
=DELTA(5, 5) = 1 (5 = 5)
=DELTA(0.5) = 0 (0.5 0)

ERF

Theo inh ngha ca Help, th hm ny tr v mt hm li (error function), c ly tich phn ca

e gia lower_limit (cn di) v upper_limit (cn trn)

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C php: =ERF(lower_limit, upper_limit])

lower_limit : L cn di ca tich phn. L mt s dng.

upper_limit : L cn trn ca tich phn. L mt s dng. Nu bo qua, hm ERF s tinh tich phn
gia 0 v lower_limit.

Lu :
Nu lower_limit hoc upper_limit khng phi l s, hm ERF s tr v li #VALUE!
Nu lower_limit hoc upper_limit l s m, hm ERF s tr v li #NUM!
ERF tinh ton theo cng thc sau y:

V d:
=ERF(0.74500) = 0.707929 (tich phn hm error gia 0 v 0.74500)
=ERF(1) = 0.842701 (tich phn hm error gia 0 v 1)
=ERF(1, 2) = 0.152621529580131 (tich phn hm error gia 1 v 2)

ERF.PRECISE (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm ERF.

ERFC

Tr v hm b ERF: ERFC(x) = 1 - ERF(x), c ly tich phn ca e gia x (cn di) v v

cc (cn trn)

C php: =ERFC(x)

x : L cn di ca tich phn.

Lu :
Nu x khng phi l s, hm ERFC s tr v li #VALUE!
Nu x l s m, hm ERFC s tr v li #NUM!
Hm ERFC tinh ton theo cng thc sau y:

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V d:
=ERFC(1) 0.1573 (hm b ERF ca 1)

ERFC.PRECISE (Excel 2010)

Xem cch s dng ti hm ERFC.

GESTEP

Kim tra xem gi tri number co ln hn hoc bng gi tri step hay khng. Nu ng, hm s tr
v 1; nu sai, hm s tr v 0.

Hm ny thng c dng lc cc tp gi tri. Vi d, bng cc tinh tng cc GESTEP, ta co

th m c cc gi tri vt qua mt ngng no o.

C php: =GESTEP(number1 [, step])

number : L mt s. Nu number khng phi l s, hm GESTEP s tr v li #VALUE!

step : L mt gi tri ti hn. Nu bo qua step, xem nh step l 0. Nu step khng phi l s,
GESTEP cng s tr v li #VALUE!

V d:
=GESTEP(5, 4) = 1 (5 > 4)
=GESTEP(5, 5) = 1 (5 = 5)
=GESTEP(-4, -5) = 1 (-4 > -5)
=GESTEP(-1) = 0 (-1 < 0)

HEX2BIN

i s thp lc phn sang s nhi phn.

C php: =HEX2BIN(number [, places])

number : L mt s dng thp lc phn. number khng th cha nhiu hn 10 k s (40 bits),
trong o bit ngoi cng bn tri l bit du, 39 bit cn li l cc bit gi tri, s m c th hin bng
k hiu b hai.
places : L s k s mun s dng kt qu. Nu bo qua places, HEX2BIN s s dng mt s
lng ti thiu cc k s cn thit. i s placeschi cn thit khi mun thm vo bn tri kt
qu cc k s 0 kt qu co s k s cn thit.
Lu :
Phi nhp number trong mt cp du mc kp

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Nu number l s m, places c bo qua v HEX2BIN tr v s nhi phn gm 10

k s (10 bits)
Nu number l s m, n khng th nho hn FFFFFFFE00; v nu number dng, no
khng th ln hn 1FF
Nu number khng phi l mt s thp lc phn hp l, hoc kt qu tr v c s
lng cc k s nhiu hn places, HEX2BIN s tr v li #NUM!
Nu places khng nguyn, phn l ca places s c bo qua
Nu places khng phi l s, HEX2BIN s tr v li #VALUE!
Nu places l s m, HEX2BIN s tr v li #NUM!

V d:
= HEX2BIN("F", 8) : Chuyn i s thp lc phn F sang s nhi phn c 8 k s (00001111)
= HEX2BIN("B7") : Chuyn i s thp lc phn B7 sang s nhi phn (10110111)
= HEX2BIN("FFFFFFFFFF") : Chuyn i s thp lc phn FFFFFFFFFF sang s nhi phn
(1111111111)

HEX2DEC

i s thp lc phn sang s thp phn.

C php: =HEX2DEC(number)
number : L mt s dng thp lc phn. number khng th cha nhiu hn 10 k s (40 bits),
trong o bit ngoi cng bn tri l bit du, 39 bit cn li l cc bit gi tri, s m c th hin bng
k hiu b hai.

Lu :
Phi nhp number trong mt cp du mc kp
Nu number khng phi l mt s thp lc phn hp l, HEX2DEC s tr v li
#NUM!
V d:

= HEX2DEC("A5") 165: Chuyn i s thp lc phn A5 sang s thp phn

= HEX2DEC("FFFFFFFF5B") -165: Chuyn i s thp lc phn FFFFFFFF5B sang s thp

phn.

= HEX2DEC("3DA408B9") 1034160313: Chuyn i s thp lc phn 3DA408B9 sang s

thp phn.

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HEX2OCT

i s thp lc phn sang s bt phn.

C php: =HEX2OCT(number [, places])
number : L mt s dng thp lc phn. number khng th cha nhiu hn 10 k s (40 bits),
trong o bit ngoi cng bn tri l bit du, 39 bit cn li l cc bit gi tri, s m c th hin bng
k hiu b hai.
places : L s k s mun s dng kt qu. Nu bo qua places, HEX2OCT s s dng mt s
lng ti thiu cc k s cn thit. i s placeschi cn thit khi mun thm vo bn tri kt
qu cc k s 0 kt qu co s k s cn thit.
Lu :
Phi nhp number trong mt cp du mc kp
Nu number l s m, places c bo qua v HEX2OCT tr v s bt phn gm 10
k s
Nu number l s m, n khng th nho hn FFE0000000; v nu number dng, no
khng th ln hn 1FFFFFFF
Nu number khng phi l mt s thp lc phn hp l, hoc kt qu tr v c s
lng cc k s nhiu hn places, HEX2OCT s tr v li #NUM!
Nu places khng nguyn, phn l ca places s c bo qua
Nu places khng phi l s, HEX2OCT s tr v li #VALUE!
Nu places l s m, HEX2OCT s tr v li #NUM!

V d:
= HEX2OCT("F", 3) : Chuyn i s thp lc phn F sang s bt phn c 3 k s (017)
= HEX2OCT("3B4E") : Chuyn i s thp lc phn 3B4E sang s bt phn (35516)
= HEX2OCT("FFFFFFFF00") : Chuyn i s thp lc phn FFFFFFFF00 sang s bt phn
(7777777400)

IMREAL

Tr v h s thc ca s phc dng x + yi hay x + yj

C php: =IMREAL(inumber)

inumber : S phc cn ly ra h s thc, t trong mt cp du moc kp. Nu inumber khng c

dng x + yi hay x + yj, hm IMREAL s tr v li #NUM!

V d:
= IMREAL("6-9i") : H s thc ca 6-9i (6)

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IMAGINARY

Tr v h s o ca s phc dng x + yi hay x + yj

C php: =IMAGINARY(inumber)

inumber : S phc cn ly ra h s o, nu co hu t (i hoc j) th phi t trong mt cp du

mc kp.

V d:
= IMAGINARY("6-9i") : H s o ca 6-9i (9)
= IMAGINARY("0-j") : H s o ca 0-j (-1)
= IMAGINARY(4) : V inumber khng co hu t nn h s o khng co, hay bng khng (0)

IMABS

Tr v tri tuyt i ca s phc dng x + yi hay x + yj

C php: =IMABS(inumber)

inumber : S phc cn tinh tri tuyt i, t trong mt cp du moc kp. Nu inumber khng c
dng x + yi hay x + yj, hm IMABS tr v li #NUM!

Tri tuyt i ca s phc c tinh theo cng thc:

V d:
= IMABS("5+12i") : Tri tuyt i ca 5+12i (13)

IMARGUMENT

Tr v i s (theta), l s o ca mt goc tinh theo radian.

C php: =IMARGUMENT(inumber)

inumber : S phc co dng x + yi hay x + yj

Lu :

Mt s phc cn co mt dng vit khc, gi l dng lng gic:

Trong o:

cn c gi l argument ca s phc, l s o goc lng gic ca s phc, v c tinh theo

cng thc:

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V d:
= IMARGUMENT("3+4i") : i s ca 3+4i dng radian (0.927295)

IMCONJUGATE

Tr v s phc lin hp ca s phc dng x + yi hay x + yj

S phc lin hp ca s phc (x + yi) l (x - yi)

C php: =IMCONJUGATE(inumber)

inumber : S phc dng tinh s phc lin hp, t trong mt cp du moc kp.
Nu inumber khng co dng x + yi hay x + yj, IMCONJUGATE s tr v li #NUM!

V d:
= IMCONJUGATE("5+12i") : S phc lin hp ca 5+12i (= 5-12i)

IMCOS

Tinh cosine ca s phc dng x + yi hay x + yj

Cosine ca s phc cng l mt s phc, c tinh theo cng thc:

C php: =IMCOS(inumber)

inumber : S phc dng tinh cosine. Nu inumber l mt gi tri logic (0 hoc 1), hm IMCOS
s tr v li #VALUE!

V d:
= IMCOS("1+i") : Cosine ca 1+i (= 0.83373-0.988898i)

IMCOSH (Excel 2013)

Tr v cosin hyperbolic ca mt s phc inh dng vn bn x+yi hoc x+yj.

C php: =IMCOSH(inumber)

Inumber Bt buc. S phc m bn mun ly cosin hyperbolic.

Lu :

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S dng hm COMPLEX chuyn i cc h s thc v o thnh s phc.

Nu inumber l mt gi tri khng thuc inh dng vn bn x+yi hoc x+yj, hm IMCOSH
s tr v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu inumber l mt gi tri l-gic, hm IMCOSH s tr v gi tri li #VALUE! .

V d:

IMCOT (Excel 2013)

Tr v cotang ca mt s phc inh dng vn bn x+yi hoc x+yj.

C php: =IMCOT(inumber)

Inumber Bt buc. S phc m bn mun ly cotang.

Lu :
S dng hm COMPLEX chuyn i cc h s thc v o thnh s phc.
Nu inumber l mt gi tri khng thuc inh dng vn bn x+yi hoc x+yj, IMCOT s tr
v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu inumber l mt gi tri l-gic, IMCOT s tr v gi tri li #VALUE! .

V d:

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IMCSC (Excel 2013)

Tr v cosec ca mt s phc inh dng vn bn x+yi hoc x+yj.

C php: =IMCSC(inumber)

Inumber Bt buc. S phc m bn mun ly cosec.

Lu :
S dng hm COMPLEX chuyn i cc h s thc v o thnh s phc.
Nu inumber l mt gi tri khng thuc inh dng vn bn x+yi hoc x+yj, IMCSC s tr
v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu inumber l mt gi tri l-gic, IMCSC s tr v gi tri li #VALUE! .

V d:

IMCSCH (Excel 2013)

Tr v cosec hyperbolic ca mt s phc inh dng vn bn x+yi hoc x+yj.

C php: =IMCSCH(inumber)

Inumber Bt buc. S phc m bn mun ly cosec hyperbolic.

Lu :
S dng hm COMPLEX chuyn i cc h s thc v o thnh s phc.
Nu inumber l mt gi tri khng thuc inh dng vn bn x+yi hoc x+yj, IMCSCH s
tr v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu inumber l mt gi tri l-gic, IMCSCH s tr v gi tri li #VALUE! .

V d:

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IMDIV

Tinh thng (kt ca ca php chia) gia hai s phc co dng x + yi hay x + yj

Thng ca 2 s phc a + bi v c + di c tinh nh sau:

C php: =IMDIV(inumber1, inumber2)

inumber1 : S phc bi chia[/I]

inumber2 : S phc chia

V d:
= IMDIV("-238+240i","10+24i")) : Thng ca -238+240i v 10+24i (= 5+12i)

IMEXP

Tinh s e (exponential) ca s phc dng x + yi hay x + yj

S e ca s phc c tinh theo cng thc:

C php: =IMEXP(inumber)

inumber : S phc dng tinh s e

V d:
= IMEXP("1+i") : S e ca 1+i (= 1.468694+2.287355i)

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IMLN

Tinh logarite t nhin (logarite c s e) ca s phc dng x + yi hay x + yj

Logarite t nhin ca s phc c tinh theo cng thc:

C php: =IMLN(inumber)

inumber : S phc dng tinh logarite t nhin

V d:
= IMLN("3+4i") : Logarite t nhin ca 3+4i (= 1.609438+0.927295i)

IMLOG10

Tinh logarite c s 10 ca s phc dng x + yi hay x + yj

Logarite c s 10 ca s phc c tinh theo cng thc (bng tich ca logarite t nhin ca s
phc v logarite c s 10 ca e):

C php: =IMLOG10(inumber)

inumber : S phc dng tinh logarite theo c s 10

V d:
= IMLOG10("3+4i") : Logarite c s 10 ca 3+4i (= 0.69897+0.402719i)

IMLOG2

Tinh logarite c s 2 ca s phc dng x + yi hay x + yj

Logarite c s 2 ca s phc c tinh theo cng thc (bng tich ca logarite t nhin ca s
phc v logarite c s 2 ca e):

C php: =IMLOG2(inumber)

inumber : S phc dng tinh logarite theo c s 2

V d:
= IMLOG2("3+4i") : Logarite c s 2 ca 3+4i (= 2.321928+1.337804i)

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IMPOWER

Tinh ly tha cho s phc dng x + yi hay x + yj

trn ti a noi s phc cn co mt dng vit khc theo kiu lng gic l:

Do o, ly tha m a ca s phc c tinh nh sau:

Vi:

C php: =IMPOWER(inumber, number)

inumber : S phc dng tinh ly tha

number : S m ca tinh ly tha, co th l s nguyn, s thp phn hay s m.

Nu number khng phi l s, hm IMPOWER tr v li #VALUE!

V d:
= IMPOWER("2+3i", 3) : Tinh ly tha m 3 (lp phng) ca 2+3i (= -46+9i)

IMPRODUCT

Tinh tich ca hai hay nhiu s phc co dng x + yi hay x + yj

Tich ca 2 s phc a + bi v c + di c tinh nh sau:

C php: =IMPRODUCT(inumber1, inumber2,...)

inumber1, inumber2,... : Co th co t 2 n 29 s phc dng tinh tich

V d:
= IMPRODUCT("3+4i", "5-3i")) : Tich ca 3+4i v 5-3i (= 27+11i)
= IMPRODUCT("1+2i", 30)) : Tich ca 1+2i v 30 (= 30+60i) / y 30 coi nh l mt s phc
30+0i

IMSEC (Excel 2013)

Tr v sec ca mt s phc inh dng vn bn x+yi hoc x+yj.

C php: =IMSEC(inumber)

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Inumber Bt buc. S phc m bn mun ly sec.

Lu :
S dng hm COMPLEX chuyn i cc h s thc v o thnh s phc.
Nu inumber l mt gi tri khng thuc inh dng vn bn x+yi hoc x+yj, IMSEC s tr
v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu inumber l mt gi tri l-gic, IMSEC s tr v gi tri li #VALUE! .

V d:

IMSECH (Excel 2013)

Tr v sec hyperbol ca mt s phc inh dng vn bn x+yi hoc x+yj.

C php: =IMSECH(inumber)

Inumber Bt buc. S phc m bn mun ly sec hyperbol.

Lu :
S dng hm COMPLEX chuyn i cc h s thc v o thnh s phc.
Nu inumber l mt gi tri khng thuc inh dng vn bn x+yi hoc x+yj, IMSECH s
tr v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu inumber l mt gi tri l-gic, IMSECH s tr v gi tri li #VALUE! .

V d:

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IMSIN

Tinh sine ca s phc dng x + yi hay x + yj

Sine ca s phc cng l mt s phc, c tinh theo cng thc:

C php: =IMSIN(inumber)

inumber : S phc dng tinh sine

V d:
= IMSIN("3+4i") : Sine ca 3+4i (= 3.853738-27.016813i)

IMSINH (Excel 2013)

Tr v sin hyperbol ca mt s phc inh dng vn bn x+yi hoc x+yj.

C php: =IMSINH(inumber)

Inumber Bt buc. S phc m bn mun ly sin hyperbolic.

Lu :
S dng hm COMPLEX chuyn i cc h s thc v o thnh s phc.
Nu inumber l mt gi tri khng thuc inh dng vn bn x+yi hoc x+yj, IMSINH s tr
v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu inumber l mt gi tri l-gic, IMSINH s tr v gi tri li #VALUE! .

V d:

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IMSQRT

Tinh cn bc hai cho s phc dng x + yi hay x + yj

Cng nh cch tinh ly tha, cn bc hai ca s phc c tinh nh sau:

Vi:

C php: =IMSQRT(inumber)

inumber : S phc dng tinh cn bc hai

V d:
= IMSQRT("1+i") : Cn bc hai ca 1+i (= 1.098684+0.45509i)

IMSUB

Tr v s khc nhau (hay l php tr) ca hai s phc co dng x + yi hay x + yj

Hiu ca 2 s phc a + bi v c + di c tinh nh sau:

C php: =IMSUB(inumber1, inumber2)

inumber1 : S phc em tr i inumber2

inumber2 : S phc bi tr bi inumber1

V d:
= IMSUB("13+4i","5+3i")) : Hiu ca 13+4i v 5+3i (= 8+i)

IMSUM

Tinh tng ca hai hay nhiu s phc co dng x + yi hay x + yj

Tng ca 2 s phc a + bi v c + di c tinh nh sau:

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C php: =IMSUM(inumber1, inumber2,...)

inumber1, inumber2,... : Co th co t 2 n 255 s phc dng tinh tng (Excel 2003 tr v

trc chi cng c ti a 29 s phc)

V d:
= IMSUM("3+4i","5-3i")) : Tng ca 3+4i v 5-3i (= 8+i)

IMTAN (Excel 2013)

Tr v tang ca mt s phc inh dng vn bn x+yi hoc x+yj.

C php: =IMTAN(inumber)

Inumber Bt buc. S phc m bn mun ly tang.

Lu :
S dng hm COMPLEX chuyn i cc h s thc v o thnh s phc.
Nu inumber l mt gi tri khng thuc inh dng vn bn x+yi hoc x+yj, IMTAN s tr
v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu inumber l mt gi tri l-gic, IMTAN s tr v gi tri li #VALUE! .

V d:

OCT2BIN

i s bt phn sang s nhi phn.

C php: =OCT2BIN(number [, places])

number : L mt s dng bt phn. number khng th cha nhiu hn 10 k s (30 bits), trong o
bit ngoi cng bn tri l bit du, 29 bit cn li l cc bit gi tri, s m c th hin bng k hiu
b hai.

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places : L s k s mun s dng kt qu. Nu bo qua places, OCT2BIN s s dng mt s

lng ti thiu cc k s cn thit. i s placeschi cn thit khi mun thm vo bn tri kt
qu cc k s 0 kt qu co s k s cn thit.

Lu :
Nu number l s m, places c bo qua v OCT2BIN tr v s nhi phn gm 10 k
s (10 bits)
Nu number l s m, n khng th nho hn 7777777000; v nu number dng, no
khng th ln hn 777
Nu number khng phi l mt s bt phn hp l, hoc kt qu tr v c s lng
cc k s nhiu hn places, OCT2BIN s tr v li #NUM!
Nu places khng nguyn, phn l ca places s c bo qua
Nu places khng phi l s, OCT2BIN s tr v li #VALUE!
Nu places l s m, OCT2BIN s tr v li #NUM!

V d:
= OCT2BIN(3, 3) : Chuyn i s bt phn 3 sang s nhi phn c 3 k s (011)
= OCT2BIN(7777777000) : Chuyn i s bt phn 7777777000 sang s nhi phn (1000000000)

OCT2DEC

i s bt phn sang s thp phn.

C php: =OCT2DEC(number)

number : L mt s dng bt phn. number khng th cha nhiu hn 10 k s (30 bits), trong
o bit ngoi cng bn tri l bit du, 29 bit cn li l cc bit gi tri, s m c th hin bng k
hiu b hai.

Lu :
Nu number khng phi l mt s bt phn hp l, OCT2DEC s tr v li #NUM!

V d:
= OCT2DEC(54) : Chuyn i s bt phn 54 sang s thp phn (44)
= OCT2DEC(7777777533) : Chuyn i s bt phn 7777777533 sang s thp phn (-165)

OCT2HEX

i s bt phn sang s thp lc phn.

C php: =OCT2HEX(number [, places])

number : L mt s dng bt phn. Number khng th cha nhiu hn 10 k t (30 bits), trong
o bit ngoi cng bn tri l bit du, 29 bit cn li l cc bit gi tri, s m c th hin bng k
hiu b hai.

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places : L s k s mun s dng kt qu. Nu bo qua places, OCT2HEX s s dng mt s

lng ti thiu cc k s cn thit. i s placeschi cn thit khi mun thm vo bn tri kt
qu cc k s 0 kt qu co s k s cn thit.

Lu :
Nu number l s bt khng hp l hoc nu number cha nhiu hn 10 k t (10
bits), OCT2HEX s tr v li #NUM!
Nu number l s m, OCT2HEX s bo qua places v tr v 10 k t s thuc h 16
Nu kt qu tr v c s k s nhiu hn places, OCT2HEX s tr v li #NUM!
Nu places khng nguyn, phn l ca places s c bo qua
Nu places khng phi l s, OCT2HEX s tr v li #VALUE!
Nu places l s m, OCT2HEX s tr v li #NUM!

V d:
= OCT2HEX(100, 4) : Chuyn i s bt phn 100 sang s thp lc phn c 4 k s (0040)
= OCT2HEX(7777777533) : Chuyn i s bt phn 7777777533 sang s thp lc phn
(FFFFFFFF5B)

nh ngha S Phc

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II.8. HM TRA CU THNG TIN (INFORMATION FUNCTIONS)

CELL

Tra cu thng tin ca mt cell ()

C php: =CELL(info_type, [reference])

info_type: Thng tin mun tra cu

reference: mun tra cu thng tin, mc inh l cell ang cha hm CELL

Lu :
Khi reference l mt day nhiu , hm CELL cho kt qu l thng tin ca u tin phia
trn bn tri ca day ny.

Bng tra cu cc thng s tra cu info_type:

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Khi info_type l format, hm CELL s cho ra kt qu l cc k hiu tng ng vi tng kiu inh
dng theo bng sau:

Khi info_type l prefix, hm CELL s cho ra kt qu l cc k hiu tng ng vi tng kiu inh
dng theo bng sau:

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Khi info_type l type, hm CELL s cho ra kt qu l cc k hiu tng ng vi tng kiu inh
dng theo bng sau:

V d v cch dng hm CELL

Xc nh tn CH ca ct

Trong Excel c hm COLUMN(), cho ra kt qu l s ca ct (v d, g hm ny trong ct B th

kt qu s l 2).

Nhng i khi bn mun kt qu l tn ca ct ch khng mun o l con s (B ch khng phi

l 2), th lm sao?

y l mt vn i hoi s khn kho mt cht, v tn ct trong bng tnh chy t A n Z, t

AA n AZ... v cho ti tn cng l XFD (!)

C mt hm gip chng ta tm ia chi tuyt i ca mt cell, o l hm CELL(address), vi d

$A$2, hoc $B$10...

Vi info_type l mt tham s a c inh ngha (s ni k hn trong nhng bi sau)

V reference l cell m bn chi inh, nu bo trng th Excel s ly ngay ci cell c cha cng thc
CELL.

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Trong bi ny, tm ia chi tuyt i ca mt cell, chng ta s dng cng thc CELL()
vi info_type l "address"
Tinh mt cht, ta thy tn ca ct chnh l nhng ch ci nm gia hai du dollar ($) trong
ci ia chi tuyt i ny.

Bt u lm nh: dng hm MID() trch ra ch ci t vi tr th 2 trong ia chi tuyt i ca cell:

=MID(CELL("Address"), 2, num_chars)
Ci kh l ci num_chars ny y, v tn ct th c th l 1, 2, hoc 3 k t (v d: A, AA hoc
AAA). Vn dng hm FIND thi:
FIND("$", CELL("address",A2), 3) - 2
Gii thch cht nh: Dng hm FIND(), tm vi tr ca du $ trong ci ia chi tuyt i ca cell, v
bt u tm t vi tr th 3 trong ci ia chi ny.
Ti sao phi tr i 2 ? Cng thc trn s chi ra vi tr (l mt con s) ca du $ th hai trong ia chi
tuyt i ca cell, tc l ci du $ pha sau tn ct, phi tr i 2 tc l tr bt i 2 ci $, lc ny
kt qu s chnh l s k t ca tn ct (1 ch, 2 ch hoc 3 ch)
By gi, cng thc hon chinh s nh sau:
=MID(CELL("Address"), 2, FIND("$", CELL("address"), 3) - 2)
Cng thc ny p dng cho chnh cell cha cng thc. Nu mun tm tn ct ti mt cell no o,
bn chi vic thm ia chi (hoc mt ci g o tham chiu n ia chi ny) ca cell mun tm vo
pha sau ci "address"
V d, mun tm tn ca cell AGH68, bn g:
=MID(CELL("Address", AGH68), 2, FIND("$", CELL("address", AGH68), 3) - 2) AGH
Co nhiu chng trnh co kh nng tm kim mt s on vn v thay th no bng on vn khc.

Excel cng co kh nng lm chuyn o bng cch dng hm. o l hm REPLACE v

hm SUBSTITUTE.

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ERROR.TYPE

Dng kim tra li (nu co) khi to cng thc

C php: =ERROR.TYPE(error_val)

error_val: gi tri mun kim tra (thng l tham chiu n mt cng thc no o)

Bng lit k cc li v gi tr tr v ca hm ERROR.TYPE

V d:
Cng thc ti ct E trong hnh sau s kim tra li cng thc trong ct D, v nu co li, th bo
cho ta bit ti sao bi li

=IF(ERROR.TYPE(D8) <= 7, ***C LI : & CELL(address,D8) & - L do: &

CHOOSE(ERROR.TYPE(D8),D liu rng, Chia cho 0, Gi tri sai hoc inh dng khng
ng, Sai vng tham chiu, Sai tn, Li inh dng s, Li d liu))

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INFO

Dng tra cu mt s thng tin ca mi trng hot ng lc ang lm vic vi MS Excel

C php: =INFO(text_type)

text_type: thng tin cn tra cu

Bng lit k loi thng tin cn tra cu v gi tr tr v ca hm ERROR.TYPE

V d:

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ISBLANK

Cc hm ny l nhng hm dng kim tra d liu trong Excel.

Tt c u tr v gi tri TRUE nu kim tra thy ng v FALSE nu kim tra thy sai.

C php: =ISBLANK(value)
=ISERR(value)
=ISERROR(value)
=ISEVEN(number)
=ISLOGICAL(value)
=ISNA(value)
=ISNONTEXT(value)
=ISNUMBER(value)
=ISODD(number)
=ISREF(value)
=ISTEXT(value)

Value: gi tri cn kim tra

Bng tm tt cch dng ca nhm hm IS:

V d: m s rng trong bng tinh

Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISBLANK(range), 1, 0))} vi range l vng d liu cn kim
tra. Trong bng tinh sau, ngi ta a m s rng trong ct G (xem cng thc G1):

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m s cha nhng gi tr khng phi l kiu s

Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISNUMBER(range), 0, 1))} vi range l vng d liu cn
kim tra.

m s b li
Dng cng thc mng: {=SUM(IF(ISERROR(range), 1, 0))} vi range l vng d liu cn kim
tra.

B qua nhng b li khi chy cng thc

Vi d: Ct Gross Margin (ct D) ca bng tinh di y co cha mt s gp li chia cho 0
(#DIV/0!), do bn ct C co nhng trng.

tinh trung bnh cng ca ct D, k nhng co li #DIV/0!, phi dng cng thc mng nh
sau:
{=AVERAGE(IF(ISERROR(D3:D12), "", D3:D12))}

(ngha l nu gp nhng co li th coi nh no bng rng)

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ISERR

Xem cch s dng ti hm ISBLANK.

ISERROR

Xem cch s dng ti hm ISBLANK.

ISEVEN

Xem cch s dng ti hm ISBLANK.

ISFORMULA (Excel 2013)

Kim tra tham chiu c cha cng thc th tr v TRUE cn khng th tr v FALSE

C php: =ISFORMULA(REFERENCE)

Reference L tham chiu cn kim tra, n c th l mt cng thc hay l mt tn do

ngi dng t i din cho .

Nu Reference c kiu d liu khng hp l hm tr v li #VALUE!

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V d:

ISLOGICAL

Xem cch s dng ti hm ISBLANK.

ISNA

Xem cch s dng ti hm ISBLANK.

ISNONTEXT

Xem cch s dng ti hm ISBLANK.

ISNUMBER

Xem cch s dng ti hm ISBLANK.

ISODD

Xem cch s dng ti hm ISBLANK.

ISREF

Xem cch s dng ti hm ISBLANK.

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ISTEXT

Xem cch s dng ti hm ISBLANK.

Chuyn i mt gi tri thnh mt s.

C php: =N(value)

Hm ny it c dng, v cng khng cn thit trong cng thc, bi v thng th Excel s t ng

chuyn i kiu d liu cho ph hp vi yu cu ca cng thc.

Hm ny c cung cp trong Excel tng thich vi cc ng dng khc.

Nu value khng ph hp, hm N s tr v li #VALUE!

Bng m t cc dng value v v d v hm N

NA

Dng to li #N/A! nh du cc rng nhm trnh nhng vn khng inh trc khi
dng mt s hm ca Excel.

C php: =NA()

Lu :
Khi dng, phi nhp chinh xc =NA(), nu khng s gp li #NAME!
Khi hm tham chiu ti cc c nh du, s tr v li #N/A!
Hm ny cng it dng, c cung cp tng thich vi cc ng dng khc.

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SHEET (Excel 2013)

Tr v s chi mc ca sheet tham chiu

C php: =SHEET(value)

Value: Tn ca sheet hoc tham chiu m ta mun bit s chi mc ca sheet. Nu value bo
trng hm tr v chi mc ca sheet cha cng thc.

Lu :
SHEET bao gm tt c worksheet (nhn thy - visible, n - hidden, hoc n su -
very hidden) v bao gm tt c loi sheet (macro, chart, dialog sheet).
Nu value khng hp l, hm SHEET tr v li #REF!. V d
=SHEET(Sheet1!#REF) #REF!
Nu value l tn sheet nhng khng ng th hm tr v li #NA

V d: Xem s th t ca sheet hin hnh ta g vo =SHEET()

SHEETS (Excel 2013)

Tr v s lng sheet trong tham chiu

C php: =SHEETS(reference)

Reference: L tham chiu m ta mun bit s lng sheet m n cha. Nu Reference

bi bo trng, hm tr v s lng sheet trong workbook cha cng thc.

Lu :

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SHEET bao gm tt c worksheet (nhn thy - visible, n - hidden, hoc n su -

very hidden) v bao gm tt c loi sheet (macro, chart, dialog sheet).
Nu value khng hp l, hm SHEET tr v li #REF!.

V d:

TYPE

Hm ny dng bit loi ca gi tri cn tra cu.

C php: =TYPE(value)

Bng m t cc dng value v v d v hm TYPE

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II.9. HM TI CHNH (FINANCIAL FUNCTIONS)

ACCRINT

Tnh li gp cho mt chng khon tr lai theo inh k.

C php: =ACCRINT(issue, first_interest, settlement, rate, par,
frequency, basis, calc_method)

Issue : Ngy pht hnh chng khon.

First_interest : Ngy tinh lai u tin ca chng khon.
Settlement : Ngy ti hn ca chng khon. Ngy ny phi l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh
chng khon khi chng khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.
Rate : Li sut hng nm ca chng khon.
Par : Gi tri danh ngha ca chng khon. Nu bo qua, ACCRINT s dng $1,000
Frequency : S ln tr li hng nm. Nu tr mi nm mt ln: frequency = 1; tr mi nm hai
ln: frequency = 2; tr mi nm bn ln:frequency = 4.
Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)
= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)
Calc_method : L mt gi tri logic chi cch tnh s li gp khi ngy kt ton chng
khon (settlement) xy ra sau ngy tinh lai u tin ca chng khon (fisrt_interest). Nu l 1
(TRUE): s li gp s c tnh t ngy pht hnh chng khon; nu l 0 (FALSE): s li gp s
chi tnh t ngy tinh lai u tin ca chng khon. Nu bo qua, mc inh calc_method l 1.
Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
issue, first_interest, settlement, frequency v basis s c ct bo phn l nu chng
khng phi l s nguyn
Nu issue, first_interest v settlement khng l nhng ngy hp l, hm ACCRINT s tr
v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu rate 0 hay par 0, hm ACCRINT s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu frequency khng phi l cc con s 1, 2, hoc 4, hm ACCRINT s tr v gi tri li
#NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, hm ACCRINT s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu issue > settlement, hm ACCRINT s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Hm ACCRINT() s tnh ton theo cng thc sau y:

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Vi:
Ai : S ngy tich ly trong k li th i vi k l (1, 3, 5...)
NC : S k tnh li thuc k l. Nu NC c phn l thp phn, NC s c lm trn ti s
nguyn k tip
NLi : S ngy bnh thng trong k tnh li th i vi k l

V d:
Tnh li gp ca mt tri phiu kho bc c mnh gi $1,000,000, pht hnh ngy 1/3/2008, ngy
ti hn l 1/5/2009, ngy tinh lai u tin l 31/8/2008 (tnh li 6 thng mt ln) vi li sut hng
nm l 10%, c s tnh ngy l mt nm 360 ngy, mt thng 30 ngy?
= ACCRINT(DATE(2008,3,1), DATE(2008,8,31), DATE(2009,5,1), 10%, 1000000, 2, 0,
TRUE) = $116,944.44
= ACCRINT(DATE(2008,3,1), DATE(2008,8,31), DATE(2009,5,1), 10%, 1000000, 2, 0,
FALSE) = $116,667.67
Cng thc trn tnh tng li gp t ngy pht hnh tri phiu, cn cng thc di chi tnh li gp
t ngy u tin bt u tnh li (31/8/2008)

ACCRINTM

Tnh li gp cho mt chng khon tr li theo k hn (tr li mt ln vo ngy o hn)

C php: =ACCRINTM(issue, settlement, rate, par, basis)

Issue : Ngy pht hnh chng khon.

Settlement : Ngy o hn chng khon.

Rate : Li sut hng nm ca chng khon.

Par : Gi tri danh ngha ca chng khon. Nu bo qua, hm ACCRINT s dng $1,000

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
issue, settlement, v basis s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s nguyn
Nu issue v settlement khng l nhng ngy hp l, hm ACCRINTM tr v li
#VALUE!
Nu rate 0 hay par 0, hm ACCRINTM s tr v li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, hm ACCRINTM s tr v li #NUM!

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Nu issue > settlement, hm ACCRINTM s tr v li #NUM!

Hm ACCRINTM s tnh ton theo cng thc sau y:

Vi:
A : S ngy tich ly tinh theo thng. i vi li tc theo cc khon o hn, s ngy c
tnh t ngy pht hnh ti ngy o hn.
D : S ngy trong mt nm (ph thuc vo basis)

V d:
Tnh li gp ca mt tri phiu kho bc c mnh gi $1,000,000, pht hnh ngy 1/3/2008, ngy
ti hn l 1/5/2009, li sut hng nm l 10%, vi c s tnh ngy l mt nm 360 ngy, mt
thng 30 ngy ?

= ACCRINTM(DATE(2008,3,1), DATE(2009,5,1), 10%, 1000000) = $116,667.67

Xem li v d hm ACCRINT, thy rng: cng cng s tin, cng li sut, cng thi gian, th
mua tri phiu tr lai theo inh k 6 thng 1 ln s c li hn (?)

AMORDEGRC

Tnh khu hao ti sn trong mi k k ton.

Hm ny c dng s dng trong cc h thng k ton kiu Php: Nu mt ti sn c mua

vo gia k k ton, s khu hao chia theo t l s c ghi vo ti khon.

Hm ny tng t nh hm AMORLINC, chi khc l h s khu hao p dng trong php tnh ty
theo thi hn s dng ca ti sn.

C php: =AMORDEGRC(cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis)

Cost : Gi tri ca ti sn (khi mua vo)

Date_purchased : Ngy mua ti sn.

First_period : Ngy cui cng ca k k ton th nht

Salvage : Gi tri thu hi c ca ti sn vo cui hn s dng.

Period : K k ton mun tnh khu hao.

Rate : T l khu hao ca ti sn. Ty thuc vo hn s dng ca ti sn o:

= 15% : T 3 n 4 nm
= 20% : T 5 n 6 nm
= 25% : T 6 nm tr ln

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

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= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)

= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Hm ny s tnh khu hao cho n k cui cng ca thi hn s dng ca ti sn, hoc cho
ti khi gi tri tich ly khu hao ln hn gi tri khi mua vo ca ti sn tr i gi tri cn li
ca ti sn khi ht hn s dng.
T l khu hao s t ti 50% vo k p cht v s t ti 100% vo k cht.
Nu thi hn (s nm) s dng ca ti sn nm gia 0 v 1, 1 v 2, 2 v 3, hoc 4 v 5, hm
s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

V d:
Tnh s tin khu hao trong k u tin ca mt ti sn c gi tri khi mua vo ngy 19/8/2008 l
$2,400, bit rng ngy cui cng ca k k ton th nht l 31/12/2008, gi tri thu hi c ca
sn phm khi ht hn s dng 3 nm l $300, s dng cch tnh ngy thng theo thc t?

= AMORDEGRC(2400, DATE(2008,8,19), DATE(2008,12,31), 300, 1, 15%, 1) = $776

AMORLINC

Tnh khu hao ti sn trong mi k k ton.

Hm ny c dng s dng trong cc h thng k ton kiu Php: Nu mt ti sn c mua

vo gia k k ton, s khu hao chia theo t l s c ghi vo ti khon.

Hm ny tng t nh hm AMORDEGRC, chi khc l h s khu hao p dng trong php tnh
khng ph thuc vo thi hn s dng ca ti sn.

C php: =AMORDEGRC(cost, date_purchased, first_period, salvage, period, rate, basis)

Cost : Gi tri ca ti sn (khi mua vo)

Date_purchased : Ngy mua ti sn.

First_period : Ngy cui cng ca k k ton th nht

Salvage : Gi tri thu hi c ca ti sn vo cui hn s dng.

Period : K k ton mun tnh khu hao.

Rate : T l khu hao ca ti sn.

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

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= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)

= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.

V d:
Tnh s tin khu hao trong k u tin ca mt ti sn c gi tri khi mua vo ngy 19/8/2008 l
$2,400, bit rng ngy cui cng ca k k ton th nht l 31/12/2008, gi tri thu hi c ca
sn phm khi ht hn s dng l $300, s dng cch tnh ngy thng theo thc t ?

= AMORLINC(2400, DATE(2008,8,19), DATE(2008,12,31), 300, 1, 15%, 1) = $360

COUPDAYBS

Tnh s ngy k t ngy u k tr lai n ngy kt ton ca mt chng khon.

C php: =COUPDAYBS(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi
chng khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Frequency : S ln tr li hng nm. Nu tr mi nm mt ln: frequency = 1; tr mi nm hai

ln: frequency = 2; tr mi nm bn ln:frequency = 4.

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh.
Tt c cc tham s s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s nguyn
Nu settlement v maturity khng l nhng ngy hp l, COUPDAYBS s tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!

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Nu frequency khng phi l 1, 2 hay 4, COUPDAYBS s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, COUPDAYBS s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu settlement maturity, COUPDAYBS s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

V d:
Tnh s ngy k t ngy u k tr lai n ngy kt ton ca chng khon c ngy kt ton l
25/1/2007 v ngy o hn l 15/11/2008, tr li 6 thng 1 ln, vi c s tnh ngy l bnh
thng (theo thc t ngy thng nm)

= COUPDAYBS(DATE(2007,1,25), DATE(2008,11,15), 2, 1) = 71 (ngy)

COUPDAYS

Tnh s ngy trong k li (bao gm c ngy kt ton) ca mt chng khon.

C php: =COUPDAYS(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Frequency : S ln tr li hng nm. Nu tr mi nm mt ln: frequency = 1; tr mi nm hai

ln: frequency = 2; tr mi nm bn ln:frequency = 4.

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh.
Tt c cc tham s s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s nguyn
Nu settlement v maturity khng l nhng ngy hp l, COUPDAYS s tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!
Nu frequency khng phi l 1, 2 hay 4, COUPDAYS s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, COUPDAYS s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu settlement maturity, COUPDAYS s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

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V d:
Tnh s ngy trong k tr li (bao gm c ngy kt ton) ca chng khon c ngy kt ton l
25/1/2007 v ngy o hn l 15/11/2008, tr li 6 thng 1 ln, vi c s tnh ngy l bnh
thng (theo thc t ngy thng nm)

= COUPDAYS(DATE(2007,1,25), DATE(2008,11,15), 2, 1) = 181 (ngy)

COUPDAYSNC

Tnh s ngy k t ngy kt ton n ngy tnh li k tip ca mt chng khon.

C php: =COUPDAYSNC(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Frequency : S ln tr li hng nm. Nu tr mi nm mt ln: frequency = 1; tr mi nm hai

ln: frequency = 2; tr mi nm bn ln:frequency = 4.

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht
hn. V d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008,
v no co ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy
pht hnh.
Tt c cc tham s s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s nguyn
Nu settlement v maturity khng l nhng ngy hp l, COUPDAYSNC s tr v
gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu frequency khng phi l 1, 2 hay 4, COUPDAYSNC s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, COUPDAYSNC s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu settlement maturity, COUPDAYSNC s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

V d:
Tnh s ngy k t ngy kt ton n ngy tr li k tip ca chng khon c ngy kt ton l
25/1/2007 v ngy o hn l 15/11/2008, tr li 6 thng 1 ln, vi c s tnh ngy l bnh
thng (theo thc t ngy thng nm).

= COUPDAYSNC(DATE(2007,1,25), DATE(2008,11,15), 2, 1) = 110 (ngy)

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COUPNCD

Cho bit ngy tnh li k tip k t sau ngy kt ton ca mt chng khon.

C php: =COUPNCD(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Frequency : S ln tr li hng nm. Nu tr mi nm mt ln: frequency = 1; tr mi nm hai

ln: frequency = 2; tr mi nm bn ln:frequency = 4.

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l 1/1/2008,
Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht hnh.
Tt c cc tham s s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s nguyn
Nu settlement v maturity khng l nhng ngy hp l, COUPNCD s tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!
Nu frequency khng phi l 1, 2 hay 4, COUPNCD s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, COUPNCD s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu settlement maturity, COUPNCD s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

V d:
Tnh ngy tr li k tip k t sau ngy kt ton ca chng khon c ngy kt ton l 25/1/2007
v ngy o hn l 15/11/2008, tr li 6 thng 1 ln, vi c s tinh ngy l bnh thng (theo
thc t ngy thng nm)

= COUPNCD(DATE(2007,1,25), DATE(2008,11,15), 2, 1) = 39217 (ngy 15/5/2007)

COUPNUM

Cho bit s ln phi tr li k t ngy kt ton n ngy o hn ca mt chng khon (s ln s

c t ng lm trn n s nguyn gn nht)

C php: =COUPNUM(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis)

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Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Frequency : S ln tr li hng nm. Nu tr mi nm mt ln: frequency = 1; tr mi nm hai

ln: frequency = 2; tr mi nm bn ln:frequency = 4.

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh.
Tt c cc tham s s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s nguyn
Nu settlement v maturity khng l nhng ngy hp l, COUPNUM s tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!
Nu frequency khng phi l 1, 2 hay 4, COUPNUM s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, COUPNUM s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu settlement maturity, COUPNUM s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

V d:
Tnh s ln phi tr li k t ngy kt ton n ngy o hn ca chng khon c ngy kt ton
l 25/1/2007 v ngy o hn l 15/11/2008, tr li 6 thng 1 ln, vi c s tnh ngy l bnh
thng (theo thc t ngy thng nm)

= COUPNUM(DATE(2007,1,25), DATE(2008,11,15), 2, 1) = 4 (ln)

COUPPCD

Cho bit ngy a thanh ton lai gn nht trc ngy kt ton ca mt chng khon.

C php: = COUPPCD(settlement, maturity, frequency, basis)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

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Frequency : S ln tr li hng nm. Nu tr mi nm mt ln: frequency = 1; tr mi nm hai

ln: frequency = 2; tr mi nm bn ln:frequency = 4.

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht
hn. V d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008,
v no co ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy
pht hnh.
Tt c cc tham s s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s nguyn
Nu settlement v maturity khng l nhng ngy hp l, COUPPCD() s tr v gi tri
li #VALUE!
Nu frequency khng phi l 1, 2 hay 4, COUPPCD() s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, COUPPCD() s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu settlement maturity, COUPPCD() s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

V d:
Tinh ngy a tr li gn nht trc ngy kt ton ca chng khon c ngy kt ton l 25/1/2007
v ngy o hn l 15/11/2008, tr li 6 thng 1 ln, vi c s tinh ngy l bnh thng (theo
thc t ngy thng nm)

= COUPPCD(DATE(2007,1,25), DATE(2008,11,15), 2, 1) = 39036 (ngy 15/11/2006)

CUMIPMT

Tr v li tc tich ly phi tr i vi mt khon vay trong khong thi gian c chi inh (kt
qu tr v s l mt s m, th hin s tin phi mt i do i vay).

C php: = CUMIPMT(rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type)

Rate : Lai sut ca mi k (tinh theo nm). Nu tr lai hng thng th bn chia lai sut cho 12.
Vi d, nu bn kim c mt khon vay vi lai sut 10% mi nm, tr lai hng thng, th lai sut
hng thng s l 10%/12, hay 0.83%; bn co th nhp 10%/12, hay 0.83%, hay 0.0083 vo cng
thc lm gi tri cho rate.

Nper : Tng s k phi tr lai (tinh theo nm). Nu s k tr lai l hng thng, bn phi nhn no
vi 12. Vi d, bn mua mt ci xe vi khon tr gop 4 nm v phi tr lai hng thng, th s k tr
lai s l 4*12 = 48 k; bn co th nhp 48 vo cng thc lm gi tri cho nper.

Pv : Gi tri hin ti ca s tin vay

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Start_period : K u tin trong nhng k mun tinh li tc tich ly phi tr (cc k tr lai c
nh s bt u t 1).

End_period : K cui cng trong nhng k mun tinh li tc tich ly phi tr.

Type : Cch thc tr lai:

= 0 : Tr lai vo cui k
= 1 : Tr lai vo u k

Lu :
Rate v Nper phi s dng n vi tinh ton nht qun vi nhau. Vi d: Vi khon vay trong
4 nm, lai sut hng nm l 10%, nu tr lai hng thng th dng 10%/12 cho rate v 4*12
cho nper; cn nu tr lai hng nm th dng 10% cho rate v 4 cho nper.
Nper, start_period, end_period, v type s c ct bo phn l thp phn nu chng khng
phi l s nguyn.
Nu rate < 0, nper < 0, hay pv < 0, CUMIPMT s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu start_period < 1, end_period < 1, hay start_period > end_period, CUMIPMT s tr
v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu type khng phi l cc s 0 hay 1, CUMIPMT s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

V d:
Vi mt khon vay $125,000 trong 30 nm vi lai sut 9% mt nm, tr lai hng thng vo cui
k, dng CUMIPMT() ta s bit:

Li tc phi tr trong nm th 2 (t k th 13 ti k 24) l:

= CUMIPMT(9%/12, 30*12, 125000, 13, 24, 0) = $11,135.23

Li tc phi tr trong thng u tin l:

= CUMIPMT(9%/12, 30*12, 125000, 1, 1, 0) = $937.50 (nu chi tinh trong 1 thng
th start_period end_period)

CUMPRINC

Tr v khon tin vn tich ly phi tr i vi mt khon vay trong khong thi gian c chi
inh (kt qu tr v s l mt s m, th hin s tin phi mt i do i vay).

C php: = CUMPRINC(rate, nper, pv, start_period, end_period, type)

Rate : Lai sut ca mi k (tinh theo nm). Nu tr lai hng thng th bn chia lai sut cho 12.
Vi d, nu bn kim c mt khon vay vi lai sut 10% mi nm, tr lai hng thng, th lai sut
hng thng s l 10%/12, hay 0.83%; bn co th nhp 10%/12, hay 0.83%, hay 0.0083 vo cng
thc lm gi tri cho rate.

Nper : Tng s k phi tr lai (tinh theo nm). Nu s k tr lai l hng thng, bn phi nhn no
vi 12. Vi d, bn mua mt ci xe vi khon tr gop 4 nm v phi tr lai hng thng, th s k tr
lai s l 4*12 = 48 k; bn co th nhp 48 vo cng thc lm gi tri cho nper.

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Pv : Gi tri hin ti ca s tin vay

Start_period : K u tin trong nhng k mun tinh khon tin vn tich ly phi tr (cc k tr
lai c nh s bt u t 1).

End_period : K cui cng trong nhng k mun tinh khon tin vn tich ly phi tr.

Type : Cch thc tr lai:

= 0 : Tr lai vo cui k
= 1 : Tr lai vo u k

Lu :
Rate v Nper phi s dng n vi tinh ton nht qun vi nhau. Vi d: Vi khon vay trong
4 nm, lai sut hng nm l 10%, nu tr lai hng thng th dng 10%/12 cho rate v 4*12
cho nper; cn nu tr lai hng nm th dng 10% cho rate v 4 cho nper.
Nper, start_period, end_period, v type s c ct bo phn l thp phn nu chng khng
phi l s nguyn.
Nu rate < 0, nper < 0, hay pv < 0, CUMPRINC() s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu start_period < 1, end_period < 1, hay start_period > end_period, CUMPRINC s tr
v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu type khng phi l cc s 0 hay 1, CUMPRINC s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

V d:
Vi mt khon vay $125,000 trong 30 nm vi li sut 9% mt nm, tr li hng thng vo cui
k, dng CUMPRINC() ta s bit:
Tng tin vn tich ly phi tr trong nm th 2 (t k th 13 ti k 24) l:
= CUMPRINC(9%/12, 30*12, 125000, 13, 24, 0) = $934.1071

Tin vn tich ly phi tr trong thng u tin l:

= CUMPRINC(9%/12, 30*12, 125000, 1, 1, 0) = $68.27827 (nu chi tinh trong 1 thng
th start_period end_period)

DB

Tinh khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng phng php s d gim dn theo mt mc c inh (fixed-
declining balance method) trong mt khong thi gian xc inh.

C php: = DB(cost, salvage, life, period, month)

Cost : Gi tri ban u ca ti sn

Salvage : Gi tri thu hi c ca ti sn (hay l gi tri ca ti sn sau khi khu hao)

Life : Hn s dng ca ti sn.

Period : K mun tinh khu hao. Period phi s dng cng mt n vi tinh ton vi Life.

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Month : S thng trong nm u tin (nu bo qua, mc inh l 12)

Lu :
Phng php s d gim dn theo mt mc c inh (fixed-declining balance method) s
tinh khu hao theo mt t sut c inh. DB() dng cng thc sau y tinh khu hao
trong mt k:
DB = (cost tng khu hao cc k trc) * rate
Trong o: rate = 1 ((salvage / cost) ^ (1 / life)), c lm trn ti 3 s l thp phn.
Khu hao k u v k cui l nhng trng hp c bit:
Vi k u, DB() s dng cng thc = cost * rate * month / 12
Vi k cui, DB() s dng cng thc = (cost tng khu hao cc k trc) * rate * (12
month) / 12

V d:
Tinh s tin khu hao trong tt c cc k ca mt ti sn co gi tri khi mua vo ngy 1/6/2008 l
$1,000,000, gi tri thu hi c ca sn phm khi ht hn s dng 6 nm l $100,000 ?

V mua vo thng 6, nn nm u tin chi tinh khu hao cho 7 thng, 5 thng cn li s tinh vo
nm th 7.

S tin khu hao trong cc nm nh sau:

Nm u tin: = DB(1000000, 100000, 6, 1, 7) = $186,083.33

Nm th hai: = DB(1000000, 100000, 6, 2, 7) = $259,639.42
Nm th ba: = DB(1000000, 100000, 6, 3, 7) = $176,814.44
Nm th t: = DB(1000000, 100000, 6, 4, 7) = $120,410.64
Nm th nm: = DB(1000000, 100000, 5, 7) = $81,999.64
Nm th su: = DB(1000000, 100000, 6, 7) = $55,841.76
Nm cui cng: = DB(1000000, 100000, 7, 7) = $15,845.10

DDB

Tinh khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng phng php s d gim dn kp (double-declining balance
method), hay gim dn theo mt t l no o, trong mt khong thi gian xc inh.

C php: = DDB(cost, salvage, life, period, factor)

Cost : Gi tri ban u ca ti sn

Salvage : Gi tri thu hi c ca ti sn (hay l gi tri ca ti sn sau khi khu hao)

Life : Hn s dng ca ti sn.

Period : K mun tnh khu hao. Period phi s dng cng mt n vi tnh ton vi Life.

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Factor : T l gim dn s d (nu bo qua, mc inh l 2, tc s dng phng php s d

gim dn kp)

Lu :
Phng php s d gim dn theo mt t l inh sn s tinh khu hao theo t sut tng
dn, tc l khu hao cao nht k u, v gim dn cc k k tip theo t l a c
inh sn (gim dn kp l s dng t l gim dn = 2). DDB() dng cng thc sau y
tinh khu hao trong mt k:
DDB = MIN((cost tng khu hao cc k trc) *
(factor / life), (cost salvage tng khu hao cc k trc))

Hay thay i factor, nu khng mun s dng phng php s d gim dn kp.
Tt c cc tham s phi l nhng s dng.

V d:
Vi mt ti sn co gi tri khi mua vo l $2,400, gi tri thu hi c ca sn phm khi ht hn s
dng l $300, hn s dng l 10 nm, ta co nhng con s khu hao nh sau y:

Khu hao cho ngy u tin, dng phng php s d gim dn kp:
= DDB(2400, 300, 10*365, 1) = $1.32

Khu hao thng u tin, dng phng php s d gim dn kp:

= DDB(2400, 300, 10*12, 1) = $40

Khu hao nm u tin, dng phng php s d gim dn kp:

= DDB(2400, 300, 10, 1) = $480

Khu hao nm th 10, dng phng php s d gim dn kp:

= DDB(2400, 300, 10, 10) = $22.12

Khu hao nm th 2, dng phng php s d gim dn theo t l 1.5:

= DDB(2400, 300, 10, 2, 1.5) = $306

DISC

Tnh t l chit khu ca mt chng khon

C php: =DISC(settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Pr : Gi tri ca chng khon (tinh theo n vi $100)

Redemption : Gi tri hon li ca chng khon (tinh theo n vi $100)

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Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh.
Settlement, maturity v basis s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s nguyn
Nu settlement v maturity khng l nhng ngy hp l, DISC tr v li #VALUE!
Nu pr 0 hay redemption 0, hm DISC tr v li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, hm DISCtr v li #NUM!
Nu settlement maturity, hm DISC tr v li #NUM!
Hm DISC s tnh ton theo cng thc sau y:

Vi:
B : S ngy trong mt nm (ph thuc vo basis).
DSM : S ngy gia settlement v maturity.

V d:
Tnh t l chit khu cho mt tri phiu kho bc c mua li ngy 25/1/2007, c ngy ti hn l
15/6/2007, gi mua l $97.975, gi tri hon li l $100, vi c s tinh ngy l bnh thng (theo
thc t ngy thng nm).

= DISC(DATE(2007,1,25), DATE(2007,6,15), 97.975, 100, 1) = 0.052420213 (= 5.24%)

DOLLARDE

Chuyn i gi ng dollar dng phn s sang gi ng dollar dng thp phn. L hm ngc
ca hm DOLLARFR.

Thng dng chuyn i s dollar dng phn s (nh cc gi tri chng khon) sang s thp
phn).

C php: = DOLLARDE(fractional_dollar, fraction)

Fractional_dollar : Mt s c m t nh dng phn s.

Fraction : S nguyn dng lm mu thc ca phn s c m t fractional_dollar.

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Lu :
Nu fraction khng nguyn, phn l ca fraction s bi ct bo tr thnh s nguyn.
Nu fraction < 0, DOLLARDE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu fraction = 0, DOLLARDE s tr v gi tri li #DIV/0!

V d:
= DOLLARDE(1.02, 16) = 1.125 (Chuyn i s 1.02, c l 1 v 2/16, sang dng thp phn)

= DOLLARDE(1.1, 32) = 1.3125 (Chuyn i s 1.1, c l 1 v 10/32, sang dng thp phn)

DOLLARFR

Chuyn i gi ng dollar dng thp phn sang gi ng dollar dng phn s. L hm ngc
ca hm DOLLARDE.

Thng dng chuyn i s dollar dng thp phn (nh cc gi tri chng khon) sang phn
s).

C php: = DOLLARFR(decimal_dollar, fraction)

Decimal_dollar : Mt s thp phn.

Fraction : S nguyn dng lm mu thc ca phn s kt qu.

Lu :
Nu fraction khng nguyn, phn l ca fraction s bi ct bo tr thnh s nguyn.
Nu fraction < 0, DOLLARFR s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu fraction = 0, DOLLARFR s tr v gi tri li #DIV/0!

V d:
= DOLLARFR(1.125, 16) = 1.02 (Chuyn i s thp phn 1.125 thnh mt phn s c dng l
1 v 2/16)

= DOLLARFR(1.3125, 32) = 1.1 (Chuyn i s 1.3125 thnh mt phn s c l 1 v 10/32)

DURATION

Tnh thi hn hiu lc Macauley da trn ng mnh gi $100 (USD) ca mt chng khon.

Thi hn hiu lc l trung bnh trng gi tri hin ti ca dng lun chuyn tin mt v c dng
lm thc o v s phn hi lm thay i li nhun ca gi tri mt chng khon.

C php: = DURATION(settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis)

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Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Coupon : Li sut hng nm ca chng khon.

Yld : Li nhun hng nm ca chng khon.

Frequency : S ln tr li hng nm. Nu tr mi nm mt ln: frequency = 1; tr mi nm hai

ln: frequency = 2; tr mi nm bn ln:frequency = 4.

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht
hn. V d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008,
v no co ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy
pht hnh.
Settlement, maturity v basis s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s
nguyn
Nu settlement v maturity khng l nhng ngy hp l, DURATION s tr v gi tri
li #VALUE!
Nu coupon < 0 hay yld < 0, DURATION s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu frequency khng phi l 1, 2 hay 4, DURATION s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, DURATION s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu settlement maturity, DURATION s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

V d:
Tnh thi hn hiu lc ca mt tri phiu c ngy kt ton l 01/01/2008, ngy o hn l
01/01/2016, bit li sut hng nm l 8%, li nhun hng nm l 9%, tr li 6 thng mt ln, vi
c s tinh ngy l bnh thng (theo thc t ngy thng nm)
= DURATION(DATE(2008,1,1), DATE(2016,1,1), 8%, 9%, 2, 1) = 5.993775

EFFECT

Tnh li sut thc t hng nm cho mt khon u t, bit trc li sut danh ngha hng nm v
tng s k thanh ton li kp mi nm.

y l hm ngc vi hm NOMINAL

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C php: = EFFECT(nominal_rate, npery)

Nominal_rate : Li sut danh ngha hng nm (phi l mt s dng)

Npery : Tng s k phi thanh ton li kp mi nm.

Lu :
Npery s c ct bo phn l thp phn nu khng phi l s nguyn.
Nu cc i s khng phi l mt con s, EFFECT s tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu nominal_rate < 0 hay npery < 1, EFFECT s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
EFFECT s tnh ton theo cng thc sau y:

V d:
Tnh li sut thc t ca mt khon u t co lai sut danh ngha l 5.25% mt nm v tr li 3
thng mt ln ?
= EFFECT(5.25%, 4) = 0.0535 = 5.35%

FV

Tnh gi tri tng lai (Future Value) ca mt khon u t co lai sut c inh v c chi tr c
inh theo k vi cc khon bng nhau mi k.

C php: =FV(rate, nper, pmt [, pv] [, type])

Rate : Li sut ca mi k (tinh theo nm). Nu tr li hng thng th bn chia li sut cho 12.
V d, nu bn kim c mt khon vay vi li sut 10% mi nm, tr li hng thng, th li sut
hng thng s l 10%/12, hay 0.83%; bn c th nhp 10%/12, hay 0.83%, hay 0.0083 vo cng
thc lm gi tri cho rate.

Nper : Tng s k phi tr lai (tinh theo nm). Nu s k tr li l hng thng, bn phi nhn n
vi 12. V d, bn mua mt ci xe vi khon tr gop 4 nm v phi tr li hng thng, th s k tr
li s l 4*12 = 48 k; bn c th nhp 48 vo cng thc lm gi tri cho nper.

Pmt : S tin chi tr (hoc gi thm vo) trong mi k. S tin ny s khng thay i theo s tin
tr hng nm. Noi chung, pmt bao gm tin gc v tin li, khng bao gm l ph v thu.
Nu pmt = 0 th bt buc phi c pv.

Pv : Gi tri hin ti (hin gi), hoc l tng gi tri tng ng vi mt chui cc khon phi tr
trong tng lai. Nu bo qua pv, tri mc inh capv s l zero (0), v khi o bt buc phi cung cp
gi tri cho pmt (xem thm hm PV)

Type : Hnh thc tnh li:

= 0 : Tnh li vo cui mi k (mc inh)
= 1 : Tinh lai vo u mi k tip theo

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Lu :
Rate v Nper phi s dng n vi tnh ton nht qun vi nhau. V d: Vi khon vay trong
4 nm, lai sut hng nm l 10%, nu tr li hng thng th dng 10%/12 cho rate v 4*12
cho nper; cn nu tr li hng nm th dng 10% cho rate v 4 cho nper.
Tt c cc i s th hin s tin mt "mt i" (nh gi tit kim, mua tri phiu...) cn phi
c nhp vi mt s m; cn cc i s th hin s tin "nhn c" (nh tin lai a rt
trc, li tc nhn c...) cn c nhp vi s dng.

V d:
Mt ngi gi vo ngn hng $10,000 vi li sut 5% mt nm, v trong cc nm sau, mi nm
gi thm vo $200, trong 10 nm. Vy khi o hn (10 nm sau), ngi o s co c s tin l
bao nhiu?

= FV(5%, 10, -200, -10000, 1) = $18,930.30

( y dng tham s type = 1, do mi nm gi thm, nn s li gp phi tnh vo u mi k tip

theo th mi chnh xc)

FVSCHEDULE

Tnh gi tri tng lai (Future Value) ca mt khon u t co lai sut thay i trong tng k.

C php: = FVSCHEDULE(principal, schedule)

Principal : Gi tri hin ti ca khon u t.

Schedule : L mt mng, mt dy cc chi cc mc li sut c p dng. Cc gi tri

trong schedule c th s hoc cng co th l nhng trng, nu l nhng trng, Excel s coi nh
chng = 0, tc li sut = 0. Nu schedule l nhng gi tri khng phi l s, FVSCHEDULE s tr
v gi tri li #VALUE!

Lu :
Gi P (principal) l s vn gc ban u, i1, i2, i3,... in l cc mc li sut trong n nm u
t.
Nu i1 = i2 = i3 =... in = i, ngha l cc mc li sut l c inh trong sut k u t,
th ta dng hm FV = P(1+i)^n tnh (xem hm FV)
Cn nu cc mc li sut ny khc nhau, th dng hm FVSCHEDULE,
hm ny tnh ton theo cng thc: FVSCHEDULE = P(1+i1)(1+i2)...(1+in)

V d:
Tnh khon tin nhn c sau ba nm ca mt khon u t $1,000,000, bit rng li sut trong
ba nm o ln lt l 0.09%, 0.11% v 0.1% ?

= FVSCHEDULE(1000000, {0.09, 0.11, 0.1}) = $1,330,890

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INTRATE

Tnh li sut ca mt chng khon u t ton b.

C php: = INTRATE(settlement, maturity, investment, redemption, basis)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Investment : S tin a u t vo chng khon

Redemption : Gi tri (s tin) nhn c ca chng khon khi o hn.

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh.
Settlement, maturity v basis s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s nguyn
Nu settlement v maturity khng l nhng ngy hp l, INTRATE s tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!
Nu investment 0 hay redemption 0, INTRATE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, INTRATE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu settlement maturity, INTRATE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Hm INTRATE() s tnh ton theo cng thc sau y:

Vi:
B : S ngy trong mt nm (ph thuc vo basis).
DIM : S ngy gia settlement v maturity.

V d:
Tnh li sut ca mt chng khon c ngy kt ton l 15/2/2008, ngy o hn l 15/5/2008, s
tin u t l $1,000,000, gi tri nhn c khi o hn l $1,014,420, vi c s tnh ngy l
mt nm 360 ngy, cn s ngy trong mi thng th theo thc t ca thng o ?

= INTRATE(DATE(2008,2,15), DATE(2008,5,15), 1000000, 1014420, 2) = 0.05768 (= 5.77%)

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IPMT

Tnh s tin li phi tr ti mt k hn no o i vi mt khon vay c li sut khng i v thanh

ton theo inh k vi cc khon thanh ton bng nhau mi k.

C php: = IPMT(rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type)

Rate : Li sut ca mi k (tinh theo nm). Nu tr li hng thng th bn chia li sut cho 12.
V d, nu bn kim c mt khon vay vi li sut 10% mi nm, tr li hng thng, th li sut
hng thng s l 10%/12, hay 0.83%; bn c th nhp 10%/12, hay 0.83%, hay 0.0083 vo cng
thc lm gi tri cho rate.

Per : S th t ca k cn tnh li. Per phi l mt con s t 1 n nper v phi co cng n vi

tnh nht qun vi nper.

Nper : Tng s k phi tr lai (tinh theo nm). Nu s k tr li l hng thng, bn phi nhn n
vi 12. V d, bn mua mt ci xe vi khon tr gop 4 nm v phi tr li hng thng, th s k tr
li s l 4*12 = 48 k; bn c th nhp 48 vo cng thc lm gi tri cho nper.

Pv : Gi tri hin ti (hin gi), hoc l tng gi tri tng ng vi mt chui cc khon phi tr
trong tng lai; cng co th xem nh s vn ban u (xem thm hm PV)

Fv : Gi tri tng li. Vi mt khon vay, th n l s tin n gc cn li sau ln tr li sau cng;

nu l mt khon u t, th no l s tin s co c khi o hn. Nu bo qua fv, tri mc inh
ca fv s l zero (0) (xem thm hm FV)

Type : Hnh thc tnh li:

= 0 : Tnh li vo cui mi k (mc inh)
= 1 : Tinh lai vo u mi k tip theo

Lu :
Rate v Nper phi s dng n vi tnh ton nht qun vi nhau. V d: Vi khon vay trong
4 nm, lai sut hng nm l 10%, nu chi tr hng thng th dng 10%/12 cho rate v 4*12
cho nper; cn nu chi tr hng nm th dng 10% cho rate v 4 cho nper.
Kt qu (s tin) do hm PMT tr v bao gm tin gc v tin li. Nu mun chi tnh s
tin gc phi tr, ta dng hm PPMT, cn nu mun chi tnh s tin li phi tr, dng
lm IPMT.

V d:
C mt khon vay nh sau: S tin vay l $200,000, vay trong 8 nm vi li sut khng i l
10% mt nm, tr lai inh k theo tng thng. Cho bit s tin li phi thanh ton trong thng u
tin? V s tin li phi thanh ton trong nm cui cng ?

S tin li phi thanh ton trong thng u tin = s tin li phi thanh ton trong k th 1:

= IPMT(10%/12, 1, 8*12, 200000) = $1,666.67

S tin li phi thanh ton trong nm cui cng:

= IPMT(10%, 8, 8, 200000) = $3,408.07

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IRR

Tnh li sut ni hm (hay cn gi l hm tnh t sut lu hnh ni b, hay t sut hon vn ni

b) cho mt chui cc lu ng tin mt c th hin bi cc tri s. Cc lu ng tin mt ny
c th khng bng nhau, nhng chng phi xut hin nhng khong thi gian bng nhau (hng
thng, hng nm chng hn). Li sut thc t l li sut nhn c t mt khon u t gm cc
khon chi tr (tri m) v cc khon thu nhp (tri dng) xut hin nhng k n inh.

Li sut ni hm IRR (hay t sut hon vn ni b) l mc li sut m nu dng n lm sut chit

khu tnh chuyn cc khon thu chi ca d n v cng mt bng thi gian hin ti th tng thu
s cn bng vi tng chi, tc l NPV = 0. Nu IRR > li sut chit khu (xem hm NPV) th coi
nh d n kh thi, cn ngc li th khng.

C php: = IRR(values, guess)

Values : L mt mng hoc cc tham chiu n cc c cha s liu cn cho vic tnh ton li
sut thc t.
Values phi cha t nht 1 gi tri m v 1 gi tri dng.
IRR s dng th t cc gi tri ca values nh l th t lu ng tin mt. Do o cn cn
thn cc th t chi tr hoc thu nhp lun c nhp ng.
IRR chi tnh ton cc gi tri s bn trong cc mng hoc tham chiu ca values; cn cc
rng, cc gi tri logic, text hoc cc gi tri li u s bi bo qua.
Guess : Mt con s % c lng gn vi kt qu ca IRR. Nu bo qua, th mc inh guess = 10%.
Excel dng chc nng lp trong php tnh IRR. Bt u vi guess, IRR lp cho ti khi kt
qu chnh xc trong khong 0.00001%. Nu IRR khng th a ra kt qu sau 20 ln lp,
IRR s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Trong trng hp IRR tr v gi tri li #NUM!, hoc nu kt qu khng xp xi gi tri mong
i, hy th li vi mt gi tri guess khc.
Lu :
IRR c lin quan mt thit vi hm NPV, l hm tnh hin gi rng ca mt khon
u t. T sut do IRR tr v chnh l li sut rate sao cho NPV = 0.

V d:
Mt d n u t co chi phi tinh n thi im d n bt u i vo hot ng sn xut l 100
triu USD, doanh thu hng nm ca d n l 50 triu USD. Chi ph hng nm l 20 triu USD,
i ca d n l 5 nm. Hay xc inh t sut hon vn ni b bit li sut vay di hn l
12%/nm.

= IRR({-100000000, 30000000, 30000000, 30000000, 30000000, 30000000}) = 15%

Do 15% > 12% nn d n mang tnh kh thi.

Mt d n u t co chi phi tinh n thi im d n bt u i vo hot ng sn xut l 70

triu USD, li thc trong nm th nht l 12 triu USD, trong nm th hai l 15 triu USD,
trong nm th ba l 18 triu USD, trong nm th t l 21 triu USD v trong nm th nm l
26 triu USD. Tnh IRR ca d n ny sau 2 nm, sau 4 nm, sau 5 nm ?

IRR sau 2 nm:

= IRR({-70000000, 12000000, 15000000}, -10%) = -44%
(nu khng cho guess = -10%, IRR s tr v li #NUM!)

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IRR sau 4 nm:

= IRR({-70000000, 12000000, 15000000, 18000000, 21000000}) = -2%

IRR sau 5 nm:

IRR({-70000000, 12000000, 15000000, 18000000, 21000000, 26000000}) = 9%

Khng cn bit li sut cho vay di hn thc hin d n, ta cng co th thy rng d n ny
t nht phi sau 5 nm mi mang tnh kh thi.

ISPMT

Tinh s tin lai a tr ti mt k no o i vi mt khon vay co lai sut khng i, sau khi a
tr s tin gc phi tr cho k o.

Vi d, bn vay mt khon tin $3,000 trong 3 nm vi lai sut 10%/nm, mi nm thanh ton lai
cng gc mt ln. Sau nm th nht, bn a tr bt 1/3 s tin gc, bn chi cn n li $2,000, v
ISPMT s cho bit s tin lai a tr ca nm th nht trn s tin $2,000 ny, l bng $200.
V theo inh ngha ny, d thy rng kt qu ca ISPMT cho k cui cng bao gi cng l 0.

C php: = ISPMT(rate, per, nper, pv)

Rate : Lai sut ca mi k (tinh theo nm). Nu tr lai hng thng th bn chia lai sut cho 12.
Vi d, nu bn kim c mt khon vay vi lai sut 10% mi nm, tr lai hng thng, th lai sut
hng thng s l 10%/12, hay 0.83%; bn co th nhp 10%/12, hay 0.83%, hay 0.0083 vo cng
thc lm gi tri cho rate.

Per : S th t ca k cn tinh lai. Per phi l mt con s t 1 n nper v phi co cng n vi

tinh nht qun vi nper.

Nper : Tng s k phi tr lai (tinh theo nm). Nu s k tr lai l hng thng, bn phi nhn no
vi 12. Vi d, bn mua mt ci xe vi khon tr gop 4 nm v phi tr lai hng thng, th s k tr
lai s l 4*12 = 48 k; bn co th nhp 48 vo cng thc lm gi tri cho nper.

Pv : Gi tri hin ti (hin gi), hoc l tng gi tri tng ng vi mt chui cc khon phi tr
trong tng lai.

Lu :
Rate v Nper phi s dng n vi tinh ton nht qun vi nhau. Vi d: Vi khon vay trong
4 nm, lai sut hng nm l 10%, nu chi tr hng thng th dng 10%/12 cho rate v 4*12
cho nper; cn nu chi tr hng nm th dng 10% cho rate v 4 cho nper.

V d:
S tin lai a tr cho vic chi tr hng thng ca thng u tin ca khon vay $8,000,000, vay
trong 3 nm vi li sut khng i l 10% mt nm, c tnh theo cng thc sau:

= ISPMT(10%/12, 1, 3*12, 8000000) = - $64,818.82

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Hm Ti Chnh (Financial Functions) Gii Php Excel | 358

MDURATION

Tnh thi hn hiu lc Macauley c sa i da trn ng mnh gi $100 (USD) ca mt chng

khon.

Nu so snh vi hm DURATION, th MDURATION c inh ngha nh sau:

C php: = DURATION(settlement, maturity, coupon, yld, frequency, basis)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Coupon : Li sut hng nm ca chng khon.

Yld : Li nhun hng nm ca chng khon.

Frequency : S ln tr li hng nm. Nu tr mi nm mt ln: frequency = 1; tr mi nm hai

ln: frequency = 2; tr mi nm bn ln:frequency = 4.

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh.
Settlement, maturity v basis s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s nguyn
Nu settlement v maturity khng l nhng ngy hp l, MDURATION s tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!
Nu coupon < 0 hay yld < 0, MDURATION s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu frequency khng phi l 1, 2 hay 4, MDURATION s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, MDURATION s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu settlement maturity, MDURATION s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

V d:

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Tnh thi hn hiu lc sa i ca mt tri phiu c ngy kt ton l 01/01/2008, ngy o hn l

01/01/2016, bit li sut hng nm l 8%, li nhun hng nm l 9%, tr li 6 thng mt ln, vi
c s tinh ngy l bnh thng (theo thc t ngy thng nm)

= MDURATION(DATE(2008,1,1), DATE(2016,1,1), 8%, 9%, 2, 1) = 5.73567

MIRR

Tnh t sut doanh li ni ti (hay cn gi l ni sut thu hi vn bin - Marginal Internal Rate of
Return) trong mt chui lun chuyn tin mt c th hin bi cc tri s. Cc lu ng tin mt
ny c th khng bng nhau, nhng chng phi xut hin nhng khong thi gian bng nhau
(hng thng, hng nm chng hn).

bi vit v hm IRR, ti c ni rng: "Li sut ni hm IRR (hay t sut hon vn ni b) l

mc li sut m nu dng n lm sut chit khu tnh chuyn cc khon thu chi ca d n v
cng mt bng thi gian hin ti th tng thu s cn bng vi tng chi, tc l NPV = 0. Nu IRR
> li sut chit khu (xem hm NPV) th coi nh d n kh thi, cn ngc li th khng."

Cch tinh MIRR cng gn tng t vi cch tnh IRR. Chi khc l: trc khi lm cho NPV = 0,
th ngi ta quy i vn u t ban u v 0 v quy i cc khon thu nhp ca d n v nm cui
cng (thi im kt thc d n), sau o mi i tm mt t sut lm cn bng hai gi tri ny. T
sut phi tm o chinh l MIRR.

C php: = MIRR(values, finance_rate, reinvest_rate)

Values : L mt mng hoc cc tham chiu n cc c cha s liu cn cho vic tnh ton.
Values phi cha t nht 1 gi tri m v 1 gi tri dng.
MIRR chi tnh ton cc gi tri s bn trong cc mng hoc tham chiu ca values; cn cc
rng, cc gi tri logic, text hoc cc gi tri li u s bi bo qua.
Finance_rate : Li sut phi tr cho khon tin vn ban u ca d n.

Reinvest_rate : Li sut thu c da trn vic lun chuyn tin mt khi ti u t.

Lu :
Nu n l s vng lun chuyn tin mt ca cc values, th MIRR c tnh theo cng thc sau y:

V d:
Mt d n u t co s vn vay ban u l $120,000 (USD) vi li sut hng nm l
10%, c doanh thu t nm th nht n nm th 5 ln lt l: $39,000, $30,000,
$21,000, $37,000 v $46,000. Bit li sut hng nm thu c vi khon li nhun
ti u t l 12%, tnh MIRR ca d n sau 3 nm, sau 5 nm ?

MIRR sau 3 nm: = MIRR({-120000, 39000, 30000, 21000}, 10%, 12%) = -5%

MIRR sau 5 nm: = MIRR({-120000, 39000, 30000, 21000, 37000, 46000}, 10%, 12%) = 13%

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Hm Ti Chnh (Financial Functions) Gii Php Excel | 360

NOMINAL

Tnh li sut danh ngha hng nm cho mt khon u t, bit trc li sut thc t hng nm v
tng s k thanh ton li kp mi nm.

y l hm ngc vi hm EFFECT

C php: = NOMINAL(effect_rate, npery)

Effect_rate : Li sut thc t hng nm (phi l mt s dng)

Npery : Tng s k phi thanh ton li kp mi nm.

Lu :
Npery s c ct bo phn l thp phn nu khng phi l s nguyn.
Nu cc i s khng phi l mt con s, NOMINAL s tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu effect_rate < 0 hay npery < 1, NOMINAL s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Hm NOMINAL c lin h vi hm EFFECT theo cng thc sau y:

V d:
Tnh li sut danh ngha ca mt khon u t co lai sut thc t l 5.35% mt nm v tr li 3
thng mt ln ?

= NOMINAL(5.35%, 4) = 0.0525 = 5.25%

NPER

Tinh s k hn tr mt khon vay co lai sut khng i v thanh ton theo inh k vi cc
khon thanh ton bng nhau mi k.

Cng co th dng hm ny tinh s k hn gi vo cho mt khon u t co lai sut khng i,

tinh lai theo inh k v s tin gi vo bng nhau mi k (Vd: u t vo vic mua bo him nhn
th ca Prudential chng hn)

C php: = NPER(rate, pmt, pv, fv, type)

Rate : Lai sut ca mi k (tinh theo nm). Nu tr lai hng thng th bn chia lai sut cho 12.
Vi d, nu bn co mt khon vay vi lai sut 10% mi nm, tr lai hng thng, th lai sut hng
thng s l 10%/12, hay 0.83%; bn co th nhp 10%/12, hay 0.83%, hay 0.0083 vo cng thc
lm gi tri cho rate.

Pmt : S tin phi tr trong mi k. S tin ny s khng thay i trong sut nm. Pmt bao gm
c tin gc v tin lai (khng bao gm l phi v thu). Vi d, s tin phi tr hng thng l $10,000
cho khon vay mua xe trong 4 nm vi lai sut 12% mt nm l $263.33; bn co th nhp -263.33
vo cng thc lm gi tri cho pmt. Nu pmt = 0 th bt buc phi co fv.

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Hm Ti Chnh (Financial Functions) Gii Php Excel | 361

Pv : Gi tri hin ti (hin gi), hoc l tng gi tri tng ng vi mt chui cc khon phi tr
trong tng lai.

Fv : Gi tri tng li. Vi mt khon vay, th no l s tin n gc cn li sau ln tr li sau cng;

nu l mt khon u t, th no l s tin s co c khi o hn. Nu bo qua fv, tri mc inh
ca fv s l zero (vi d, sau khi bn a thanh ton ht khon vay th s n ca bn s bng 0).

Type : Hnh thc tinh lai:

= 0 : Tinh lai vo cui mi k (mc inh)
= 1 : Tinh lai vo u mi k tip theo

V d:
C mt cn h bn tr gp theo hnh thc sau: Gi tri ca cn h l $500,000,000, tr trc 30%,
s cn li c tr gp $3,000,000 mi thng (bao gm c tin n gc v li), bit li sut l 12%
mt nm, vy bn phi tr trong bao nhiu nm th mi xong?

Ta i tm cc i s cho hm NPER:
Gi tri cn h = $500,000,000 = fv
Tr trc 30% = - $500,000,000*30% = pv
S tin tr gop hng thng = - $3,000,000 = pmt
Lai sut = 12%/nm, do s tin tr gop l hng thng nn phi quy lai sut ra thng,
tc rate = 12%/12

Vy ta co cng thc:

= NPER(12%/12, -3000000, -500000000*30%, 500000000) 58 (thng) hay l 4.82 nm

Th kim tra li vi hm PMT, ngha l coi nh cha bit mi thng phi tr gop bao nhiu tin,
nhng bit l phi tr trong 58 thng:

= PMT(12%/12, 58, -500000000*30%, 500000000) $2,982,004

p s khng th chinh xc = $3,000,000 v con s 58 (thng) trn l con s lm trn. Nu bn

ly p s ca cng thc NPER (cha lm trn) trn lm tham s nper cho hm PMT di,
bn s co p s chinh xc l $3,000,000

NPV

Tnh hin gi rng ca mt khon u t bng cch s dng t l chit khu vi cc khon chi tr
(hoc thu nhp) theo nhng k hn u n. Nu cc k hn khng u n, dng hm XNPV.

Hm ny thng c dng nh gi tinh kh thi v mt ti chnh ca mt d n u t v l

thuyt cng nh thc tin. Nu kt qu ca NPV 0 th d n mang tnh kh thi; cn ngc li,
nu kt qu ca NPV < 0 th d n khng mang tnh kh thi.

C php: = NPV(rate, value1, value2, ...)

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Rate : T sut chit khu trong sut thi gian sng ca khon u t (sut thi gian thc hin d
n chng hn). T sut ny c th th hin t l lm pht hoc li sut u t lm pht.

Value1, value2, ... : Cc khon chi tr hoc thu nhp trong cc k hn ca khon u t. Co th
dng t 1 n 254 gi tri (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s ny chi l 29)
Cc tri value1, value2, ... phi cch u nhau v thi gian v phi xut hin cui mi k.
NPV s dng th t cc gi tri value1, value2, ... nh l th t lu ng tin mt. Do o
cn cn thn cc th t chi tr hoc thu nhp lun c nhp ng.
Nu value1, value2, ... l rng, s c xem nh = 0; nhng gi tri logic, hoc cc chui
th hin s liu cng s c s dng vi gi tri ca no; ring cc i s l cc gi tri li,
hay text, hoc khng th dich thnh s, th s c bo qua.
Nu value1, value2, ... l cc mng hoc tham chiu, th chi c cc gi tri s bn trong cc
mng hoc tham chiu mi c s dng tnh ton; cn cc rng, cc gi tri logic,
text hoc cc gi tri li u s bi bo qua.

Lu :
NPV chi tnh ton vi k bt u vo trc ngy ca lu ng tin mt value1 v kt thc
bng lu ng tin mt cui cng trong sanh sch. Vic tnh ton ca NPV da trn c s
lu ng tin mt k hn, do o, nu lu ng tin mt u tin xut hin u k th nht
(vn ban u chng hn), th n phi c cng thm vo kt qu ca hm NPV, ch khng
c xem l i s value1.
Nu coi n l s lu ng tin mt trong danh sch cc value, th hm NPV tnh ton theo
cng thc sau y:

Hm NPV cng lm vic tng t hm PV, l hm tnh gi tri hin ti, chi khc l PV cho
php cc lu ng tin mt c bt u u k hay cui k cng c, cn NPV th
cc lu ng tin mt lun cui k; v cc lu ng tin mt trong hm PV th khng thay
i trong sut thi gian u t, nhng cc lu ng tin mt trong hm NPV th c th thay
i.
Hm NPV c lin quan mt thit vi hm IRR, l hm tnh t sut lu hnh ni b, hay t
sut hon vn ni b, hoc cn gi l hm tnh li sut ni hm. IRR l li sut ni hm m
o NPV bng 0: NPV(IRR(...), ...) = 0

V d:
Tnh NPV cho mt d n u t co vn ban u l 1 t ng, doanh thu hng nm l 0,5 t, chi
ph hng nm l 0,2 t, thi gian thc hin l 4 nm, vi li sut chit khu l 8%/nm ?

Vn ban u 1 t ng co trc khi c doanh thu ca nm th nht, nn s khng tnh vo cng

thc. V do y l vn bo ra, nn n s th hin l s m.
Gi tri lu ng tin mt s bng doanh thu tr i chi phi, bng 0,3 t, l mt s dng. Theo
bi ny, value1 = value2 = value3 = value4 = 0.3
= NPV(8%, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3, 0.3) - 1 = -0.006
Do NPV < 0 nn d n theo bi cho ra l khng kh thi.

Tnh NPV cho mt d n u t co vn ban u l $40,000, li sut chit khu l 8%/nm,

doanh thu trong 5 nm u ln lt l $8,000, $9,200, $10,000, $12,000 v $14,500, n nm
th su th l $9,000 ?

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Hm Ti Chnh (Financial Functions) Gii Php Excel | 363

Hin gi rng (NPV) ca d n noi trn trong 5 nm u l kh thi v:

= NPV(8%, 8000, 9200, 10000, 12000, 14500) - 40000 = 1,922.06 > 0
Nhng n nm th su th li mt tnh kh thi v:
= NPV(8%, 8000, 9200, 10000, 12000, 14500, -9000) - 40000 = -3,749.47 > 0

Tnh NPV cho mt d n u t 4 nm co chi phi ban u l $10,000 tnh t ngy hm nay, li
sut chit khu l 10%/nm, doanh thu trong 3 nm tip theo ln lt l $3,000, $4,200, v
$6,800 ?

Hin gi rng (NPV) ca d n ni trn l kh thi v:

= NPV(10%, -10000, 3000, 4200, 6800) = 1,188.44 > 0
y, gi tri ban u $10,000 c xem l chi ph th nht v vic chi tr xy ra vo cui k
th nht.

ODDFPRICE

Tr v gi tri ca mt chng khon c k tnh li (ngn hn hoc di hn) u tin l l (da trn
mnh gi ng $100)

C php: =ODDFPRICE(settlement, maturity, issue,

first_coupon, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Issue : Ngy pht hnh chng khon.

First_coupon : Ngy tnh li phiu u tin ca chng khon, ngy ny phi l mt ngy sau ngy
kt ton v trc ngy o hn.

Rate : Li sut hng nm ca chng khon.

Yld : Li nhun hng nm ca chng khon.

Redemption : Gi tri hon li ca chng khon (tinh theo n vi $100)

Frequency : S ln tr li hng nm. Nu tr mi nm mt ln: frequency = 1; tr mi nm hai

ln: frequency = 2; tr mi nm bn ln:frequency = 4.

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm c 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

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Hm Ti Chnh (Financial Functions) Gii Php Excel | 364

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh.
Settlement, maturity, issue, first_coupon v basis s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng
phi l s nguyn.
Nu settlement, maturity, issue hay first_coupon khng l nhng ngy hp l,
ODDFPRICE s tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu rate < 0 hay yld < 0, ODDFPRICE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, ODDFPRICE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Cc gi tri ngy thng phi theo trnh t sau: maturity> first_coupon> settlement>issue; nu
khng, ODDFPRICE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
ODDFPRICE c tnh theo cng thc sau:

- Vi k tnh li ngn hn l u tin (odd short first coupon):

- Vi k tnh li di hn l u tin (odd long first coupon):

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Hm Ti Chnh (Financial Functions) Gii Php Excel | 365

V d:
Tnh gi tri ca mt tri phiu c gi tri hon li (da trn ng $100) l $100 v c
k tinh lai u tin l l, bit ngy pht hnh l 15/10/2008, ngy kt ton l
11/11/2008, ngy o hn l 01/3/2021, ngy tnh li phiu u tin l 01/3/2009, li
sut hng nm l 7.85%, tinh lai 6 thng mt ln, li nhun hng nm l 6.25%, v c
s tnh ngy l mt nm 360 ngy, cn s ngy ca mi thng th theo thc t?

=ODDFPRICE(DATE(2008,11,11), DATE(2021,3,1), DATE(2008,10,15), DATE(2009,3,1),

7.85%, 6.25%, 100, 2, 1) $113.598

ODDLPRICE

Tr v gi tri ca mt chng khon c k tnh li (ngn hn hoc di hn) cui cng l l (da
trn mnh gi ng $100)

C php: =ODDLPRICE(settlement, maturity, last_interest,

rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi
chng khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

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Hm Ti Chnh (Financial Functions) Gii Php Excel | 366

Last_interest : Ngy tnh li phiu cui cng ca chng khon; ngy ny phi l mt ngy trc
ngy kt ton.

Rate : Li sut hng nm ca chng khon.

Yld : Li nhun hng nm ca chng khon.

Redemption : Gi tri hon li ca chng khon (tinh theo n vi $100)

Frequency : S ln tr li hng nm. Nu tr mi nm mt ln: frequency = 1; tr mi nm hai

ln: frequency = 2; tr mi nm bn ln:frequency = 4.

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh.
Settlement, maturity, last_interest v basis s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l
s nguyn.
Nu settlement, maturity hay last_interest khng l nhng ngy hp l, ODDLPRICE s tr
v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu rate < 0 hay yld < 0, ODDLPRICE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, ODDLPRICE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Cc gi tri ngy thng phi theo trnh t sau: maturity > settlement > last_interest; nu
khng, ODDLPRICE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

V d:
Tnh gi tri ca mt tri phiu c gi tri hon li (da trn ng $100) l $100 v c k tnh li
cui cng l l, ngy kt ton l 7/02/2008, ngy o hn l 15/6/2008, ngy tnh li phiu cui
cng l 15/10/2007, li sut hng nm l 3.75%, tinh lai 6 thng mt ln, li nhun hng nm l
4.05%, v c s tnh ngy l mt nm 360 ngy, mt thng 30 ngy (theo kiu Bc M)?

=ODDLPRICE(DATE(2008,2,7), DATE(2008,6,15), DATE(2007,10,15), 3.75%, 4.05%, 100, 2,

0) $99.8783

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ODDFYIELD

Tr v li nhun (hng nm) ca mt chng khon c k tnh li (ngn hn hoc di hn) u tin
l l.

C php: =ODDFYIELD(settlement, maturity, issue, first_coupon,

rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Issue : Ngy pht hnh chng khon.

First_coupon : Ngy tnh li phiu u tin ca chng khon, ngy ny phi l mt ngy sau ngy
kt ton v trc ngy o hn.

Rate : Li sut hng nm ca chng khon.

Pr : Gi ca chng khon.

Redemption : Gi tri hon li ca chng khon (tinh theo n vi $100)

Frequency : S ln tr li hng nm. Nu tr mi nm mt ln: frequency = 1; tr mi nm hai

ln: frequency = 2; tr mi nm bn ln:frequency = 4.

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh.
Settlement, maturity, issue, first_coupon v basis s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng
phi l s nguyn.
Nu settlement, maturity, issue hay first_coupon khng l nhng ngy hp l,
ODDFYIELD s tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu rate < 0 hay pr 0, ODDFYIELD s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, ODDFYIELD s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Cc gi tri ngy thng phi theo trnh t sau: maturity>first_coupon> settlement > issue; nu
khng, ODDFYIELD s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

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Excel dng chc nng lp trong php tinh ODDFYIELD. Hm ny dng phng php
Newton da trn cng thc tnh ODDFPRICE.

V d:
Tnh li nhun hng nm ca mt tri phiu tri gi $84.50, gi tri hon li (da trn ng $100) l
$100 v c k tinh lai u tin l l, bit ngy pht hnh l 15/10/2008, ngy kt ton l 11/11/2008,
ngy o hn l 01/3/2021, ngy tnh li phiu u tin l 01/3/2009, li sut hng nm l 5.75%,
tnh li 6 thng mt ln, v c s tnh ngy l mt nm 360 ngy, mt thng 30 ngy (theo kiu
Bc M)?

= ODDFYIELD(DATE(2008,11,11), DATE(2021,3,1), DATE(2008,10,15), DATE(2009,3,1),

5.75%, 84.5, 100, 2, 0) 0.07725 (= 7.72%)

ODDLYIELD

Tr v li sut (hng nm) ca mt chng khon c k tnh li (ngn hn hoc di hn) cui cng
l l.

C php: =ODDLYIELD(settlement, maturity, last_interest,

rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Last_interest : Ngy tnh li phiu cui cng ca chng khon; ngy ny phi l mt ngy trc
ngy kt ton.

Rate : Li sut hng nm ca chng khon.

Pr : Gi tri ca chng khon.

Redemption : Gi tri hon li ca chng khon (tinh theo n vi $100)

Frequency : S ln tr li hng nm. Nu tr mi nm mt ln: frequency = 1; tr mi nm hai

ln: frequency = 2; tr mi nm bn ln:frequency = 4.

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

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Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh.
Settlement, maturity, last_interest v basis s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l
s nguyn.
Nu settlement, maturity hay last_interest khng l nhng ngy hp l, ODDLYIELD s tr
v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu rate < 0 hay pr < 0, ODDLYIELD s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, ODDLYIELD s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Cc gi tri ngy thng phi theo trnh t sau: maturity > settlement > last_interest; nu
khng, ODDLYIELD s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
ODDLYIELD c tnh theo cng thc sau:

V d:
Tnh li sut hng nm ca mt tri phiu tri gi $99.875, c gi tri hon li (da trn ng $100)
l $100 v c k tnh li cui cng l l, bit ngy kt ton l 20/4/2008, ngy o hn l 15/6/2008,
ngy tnh li phiu cui cng l 24/12/2007, li sut hng nm l 3.75%, tinh lai 6 thng mt ln,
li nhun hng nm l 4.05%, v c s tnh ngy l mt nm 360 ngy, mt thng 30 ngy (theo
kiu Bc M) ?

=ODDLYIELD(DATE(2008,4,20), DATE(2008,6,15), DATE(2007,12,25), 3.75%, 99.875, 100,

2, 0) = 0.045192 (= 4.52%)

PDURATION (Excel 2013)

Tr v s k hn cn thit mt khon u t t n gi tri a xc inh.

C php: =PDURATION(rate, pv, fv)

Rate Bt buc. Rate l lai sut ca mi k hn.

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Pv Bt buc. Pv l gi tri hin ti ca khon u t.

Fv Bt buc. Fv l gi tri tng lai c k vng ca khon u t.

PDURATION s dng phng trnh sau y, trong o Gi tri a xc inh l bng vi fv, v Gi
tri hin ti l bng vi pv:

Lu :
Hm PDURATION yu cu tt c cc i s l gi tri dng.
Nu cc gi tri i s khng hp l, hm PDURATION tr v gi tri li #NUM! .
Nu cc i s hin ang khng s dng cc kiu d liu hp l, hm PDURATION tr v
gi tri li #VALUE! .

V d:

PMT

Tnh s tin c inh v phi tr inh k i vi mt khon vay c li sut khng i.

Cng co th dng hm ny tnh s tin cn u t inh k (gi tit kim, chi bo him..)
cui cng s c mt khon tin no o.

C php: = PMT(rate, nper, pv, fv, type)

Rate : Li sut ca mi k (tinh theo nm). Nu tr li hng thng th bn chia li sut cho 12.
V d, nu bn kim c mt khon vay vi li sut 10% mi nm, tr li hng thng, th li sut
hng thng s l 10%/12, hay 0.83%; bn c th nhp 10%/12, hay 0.83%, hay 0.0083 vo cng
thc lm gi tri cho rate.

Nper : Tng s k phi tr lai (tinh theo nm). Nu s k tr li l hng thng, bn phi nhn n
vi 12. V d, bn mua mt ci xe vi khon tr gop 4 nm v phi tr li hng thng, th s k tr
li s l 4*12 = 48 k; bn c th nhp 48 vo cng thc lm gi tri cho nper.

Pv : Gi tri hin ti (hin gi), hoc l tng gi tri tng ng vi mt chui cc khon phi tr
trong tng lai; cng co th xem nh s vn ban u (xem thm hm PV)

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Fv : Gi tri tng li. Vi mt khon vay, th n l s tin n gc cn li sau ln tr li sau cng;

nu l mt khon u t, th no l s tin s co c khi o hn. Nu bo qua fv, tri mc inh
ca fv s l zero (0) (xem thm hm FV)

Type : Hnh thc chi tr:

= 0 : Chi tr vo cui mi k (mc inh)
= 1 : Chi tr vo u mi k tip theo

Lu :
Rate v Nper phi s dng n vi tnh ton nht qun vi nhau. V d: Vi khon vay trong
4 nm, li sut hng nm l 10%, nu chi tr hng thng th dng 10%/12 cho rate v 4*12
cho nper; cn nu chi tr hng nm th dng 10% cho rate v 4 cho nper.
Kt qu (s tin) do hm PMT tr v bao gm tin gc v tin lai, nhng khng bao gm
thu v nhng khon l ph khc (nu c). Nu mun chi tnh s tin gc phi tr, ta dng
hm PPMT, cn nu mun chi tnh s tin li phi tr, dng lm IPMT.

V d:
Bn mua tr gp mt cn h vi gi $1,000,000,000, tr gop trong 30 nm, vi li sut khng i
l 8% mt nm trong sut thi gian ny, vy mi thng bn phi tr cho ngi bn bao nhiu tin
sau 30 nm th cn h o thuc v quyn s hu ca bn?

= PMT(8%/12, 30*12, 1000000000) = $7,337,645/74

cng thc trn, i s fv = 0, l do sau khi a thanh ton xong khon tin cui cng, th bn
khng cn n na.

Nhng ngo li, v nhm mt t, ta s thy mua tr gp.. thnh mua mc gp hn 2 ln ! Khng tin
bn th ly p s nhn vi 12 thng nhn vi 30 xem..

Bn mun c mt s tin tit kim l $50,000,000 sau 10 nm, bit rng li sut (khng i) ca
ngn hng l 12% mt nm, vy t by gi, hng thng bn phi gi vo ngn hng bao nhiu
tin?

= PMT(12%/12, 10*12, 0, 50000000) = $217,354.74

cng thc trn, i s pv = 0, l do ngay t u, bn khng co ng no trong ngn hng c.

PPMT

Tnh s tin n gc phi tr ti mt k hn no o i vi mt khon vay c li sut khng i v

thanh ton theo inh k vi cc khon thanh ton bng nhau mi k.

C php: = PPMT(rate, per, nper, pv, fv, type)

Rate : Li sut ca mi k (tinh theo nm). Nu tr li hng thng th bn chia li sut cho 12.
V d, nu bn kim c mt khon vay vi li sut 10% mi nm, tr li hng thng, th li sut

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hng thng s l 10%/12, hay 0.83%; bn c th nhp 10%/12, hay 0.83%, hay 0.0083 vo cng
thc lm gi tri cho rate.

Per : S th t ca k cn tnh li. Per phi l mt con s t 1 n nper v phi co cng n vi

tnh nht qun vi nper.

Nper : Tng s k phi tr lai (tinh theo nm). Nu s k tr li l hng thng, bn phi nhn n
vi 12. V d, bn mua mt ci xe vi khon tr gop 4 nm v phi tr li hng thng, th s k tr
li s l 4*12 = 48 k; bn c th nhp 48 vo cng thc lm gi tri cho nper.

Pv : Gi tri hin ti (hin gi), hoc l tng gi tri tng ng vi mt chui cc khon phi tr
trong tng lai; cng co th xem nh s vn ban u (xem thm hm PV)

Fv : Gi tri tng li. Vi mt khon vay, th n l s tin n gc cn li sau ln tr li sau cng;

nu l mt khon u t, th no l s tin s co c khi o hn. Nu bo qua fv, tri mc inh
ca fv s l zero (0) (xem thm hm FV)

Type : Hnh thc tnh li:

= 0 : Tnh li vo cui mi k (mc inh)
= 1 : Tinh lai vo u mi k tip theo

Lu :
Rate v Nper phi s dng n vi tnh ton nht qun vi nhau. V d: Vi khon vay
trong 4 nm, lai sut hng nm l 10%, nu chi tr hng thng th dng 10%/12
cho rate v 4*12 cho nper; cn nu chi tr hng nm th dng 10% cho rate v 4
cho nper.
Kt qu (s tin) do hm PMT tr v bao gm tin n gc v tin li. Nu mun chi
tnh s tin n gc phi tr, ta dng hm PPMT, cn nu mun chi tnh s tin li
phi tr, dng lm IPMT.

V d:
C mt khon vay nh sau: S tin vay l $200,000, vay trong 8 nm vi li sut khng i l
10% mt nm, tr lai inh k theo tng thng. Cho bit s n gc phi thanh ton trong thng u
tin ca nm th hai? V s n gc phi thanh ton trong nm cui cng?

S n gc phi thanh ton trong thng u tin ca nm th hai = s vn phi thanh ton trong
k th 13:
= PPMT(10%/12, 13, 8*12, 200000) = $1,511.43

S n gc phi thanh ton trong nm cui cng:

= PPMT(10%, 8, 8, 200000) = $34,080.73

Th kim tra li kt qu gia cc hm PMT, IPMT v PPMT

S tin (c n gc ln li) phi thanh ton trong tng nm vi khon vay v d trn y l:
= PMT(10%, 8, 200000) = $37,488,80

S tin n gc phi thanh ton trong nm cui cng vi khon vay v d trn y l:
= PPMT(10%, 8, 200000) = $34,080.73

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S tin li phi thanh ton trong nm cui cng vi khon vay v d trn y l (xem vi d
hm IPMT):
= IPMT(10%, 8, 200000) = $3,408.07

R rng l s tin n gc phi thanh ton trong nm cui cng ($34,080.73) + S tin li phi
thanh ton trong nm cui cng ($3,408.07)

= S tin (c n gc ln li) phi thanh ton trong tng nm ($37,488,80)

PRICE

Tnh gi tri ca mt chng khon thanh ton li tc theo chu k da trn mnh gi ng $100

C php: = PRICE(settlement, maturity, rate, yld, redemption, frequency, basis)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Rate : Li sut hng nm ca chng khon.

Yld : Li nhun hng nm ca chng khon.

Redemption : Gi tri hon li ca chng khon (tinh theo n vi $100)

Frequency : S ln tr li hng nm. Nu tr mi nm mt ln: frequency = 1; tr mi nm hai

ln: frequency = 2; tr mi nm bn ln:frequency = 4.

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh.
Settlement, maturity, frequency v basis s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s
nguyn
Nu settlement v maturity khng l nhng ngy hp l, PRICE s tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!

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Nu yld < 0 hay rate < 0, PRICE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

Nu redemtion 0, PRICE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu frequency khng phi l 1, 2 hay 4, PRICE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, PRICE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu settlement maturity, PRICE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
PRICE c tnh theo cng thc sau:

V d:
Tnh gi tri ca mt tri phiu c gi tri hon li (da trn ng $100) l $100, bit ngy kt ton
l 15/2/2008, ngy o hn l 15/11/2017, thanh ton li 6 thng mt ln vi li sut hng nm l
11.5%, li nhun hng nm ca tri phiu o l 6.5%, v c s tnh ngy l kiu Bc M (mt
nm 360 ngy, mt thng 30 ngy)?

= PRICE(DATE(2008,2,15), DATE(2017,11,15), 11.5%, 6.5%, 100, 2) = $135.67

PRICEDISC

Tnh gi tri ca mt chng khon a chit khu da trn mnh gi ng $100

C php: =PRICEDISC(settlement, maturity, discount, redemption, basis)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Discount : T l chit khu ca chng khon.

Redemption : Gi tri hon li ca chng khon (tinh theo n vi $100)

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy

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= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy

= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh.
Settlement, maturity, v basis s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s nguyn
Nu settlement v maturity khng l nhng ngy hp l, PRICEDISC s tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!
Nu discount 0 hay redemtion 0, PRICEDISC s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, PRICEDISC s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu settlement maturity, PRICEDISC s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
PRICEDISC c tnh theo cng thc sau:

V d:
Tnh gi tri ca mt tri phiu c gi tri hon li (da trn ng $100) l $100, bit ngy kt ton
l 16/2/2008, ngy o hn l 01/3/2008, t l chit khu ca chng khon l 5.25% v c s
tnh ngy l mt nm 360 ngy, cn s ngy ca mi thng th theo thc t?

= PRICEDISC(DATE(2008,2,16), DATE(2008,3,1), 5.25%, 100, 2) = $99.80

PRICEMAT

Tnh gi tri ca mt chng khon thanh ton lai vo ngy o hn, da trn mnh gi ng $100

C php: =PRICEMAT(settlement, maturity, issue, rate, yld, basis)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Issue : Ngy pht hnh chng khon.

Rate : Li sut hng nm ca chng khon.

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Yld : Li nhun hng nm ca chng khon.

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh.
Settlement, maturity, issue v basis s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s
nguyn
Nu settlement, maturity hay issue khng l nhng ngy hp l, PRICEMAT s tr v gi
tri li #VALUE!
Nu yld < 0 hay rate < 0, PRICEMAT s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, PRICEMAT s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu settlement maturity, PRICEMAT s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
PRICEMAT c tnh theo cng thc sau:

V d:
Tnh gi tri ca mt tri phiu (da trn ng $100) c ngy pht hnh l 11/11/2007, ngy kt
ton l 15/2/2008, ngy o hn l 15/4/2008, li sut hng nm l 11.5% v thanh ton lai vo
ngy o hn, li nhun hng nm ca tri phiu o l 6.1%, v c s tnh ngy l kiu Bc M
(mt nm 360 ngy, mt thng 30 ngy)?

= PRICEMAT(DATE(2008,2,15), DATE(2008,4,15), DATE(2007,11,11), 11.5%, 6.1%) =

$100.86

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PV

Tnh gi tri hin ti (Present Value) ca mt khon u t.

C php: = PV(rate, nper, pmt, fv, type)

Rate : Li sut ca mi k (tinh theo nm). Nu tr li hng thng th bn chia li sut cho 12.
V d, nu bn kim c mt khon vay vi li sut 10% mi nm, tr li hng thng, th li sut
hng thng s l 10%/12, hay 0.83%; bn c th nhp 10%/12, hay 0.83%, hay 0.0083 vo cng
thc lm gi tri cho rate.

Nper : Tng s k phi tr lai (tinh theo nm). Nu s k tr li l hng thng, bn phi nhn n
vi 12. V d, bn mua mt ci xe vi khon tr gop 4 nm v phi tr li hng thng, th s k tr
li s l 4*12 = 48 k; bn c th nhp 48 vo cng thc lm gi tri cho nper.

Pmt : S tin phi tr (hoc gi thm vo) trong mi k. S tin ny s khng thay i trong sut
nm. Noi chung, pmt bao gm tin gc v tin li, khng bao gm l ph v thu. V d, s tin
phi tr hng thng l $10,000 cho khon vay mua xe trong 4 nm vi li sut 12% mt nm l
$263.33; bn c th nhp -263.33 vo cng thc lm gi tri cho pmt.
Nu pmt = 0 th bt buc phi c fv.

Fv : Gi tri tng li. Vi mt khon vay, th n l s tin n gc cn li sau ln tr li sau cng;

nu l mt khon u t, th no l s tin s co c khi o hn. Nu bo qua fv, tri mc inh
ca fv s l zero (0), v khi o bt buc phi cung cp gi tri cho pmt (xem thm hm FV)
V d, bn mun tit kim $50,000 tr cho mt d n trong 18 nm, th $50,000 l gi tri tng
lai ny.

Type : Hnh thc tnh li:

= 0 : Tnh li vo cui mi k (mc inh)
= 1 : Tinh lai vo u mi k tip theo

Lu :
Rate v Nper phi s dng n vi tnh ton nht qun vi nhau. V d: Vi khon vay trong
4 nm, lai sut hng nm l 10%, nu tr li hng thng th dng 10%/12 cho rate v 4*12
cho nper; cn nu tr li hng nm th dng 10% cho rate v 4 cho nper.
C l nn ni mt cht v khi nim "nin kim" (annuities): Mt nin kim l mt lot cc
t tr tin mt, c thc hin vo mi k lin nhau. V d, mt khon vay mua xe hi hay
mt khon th chp, gi l mt nin kim.
Bn nn tham kho thm cc hm sau, c p dng cho nin
kim: CUMIPMT, CUMPRINC, FV, FVSCHEDULE, IPMT, NPER, PMT,PPMT,
PV, RATE.
Trong cc hm v nin kim k trn, tin mt c chi tr th hin bng s m, tin mt thu
nhn c th hin bng s dng. Vi d, vic gi $1,000 vo ngn hng s th hin bng
i s -1000 nu bn l ngi gi tin, v th hin bng s 1000 nu bn l ngn hng.
Mt i s trong cc hm ti chinh thng ph thuc vo nhiu i s khc. Nu rate khc
0 th:

Nu rate bng 0 th:

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V d:
Bn mun c mt s tin tit kim l $3,000,000 sau 10 nm, bit rng li sut ngn hng l 8%
mt nm, vy t by gi bn phi gi vo ngn hng bao nhiu tin?

= PV(8%, 10, 0, 3000000) = $1,389,580.46

RATE

Tnh li sut ca mi k trong mt nin kim (annuity), hay l tnh li sut ca mi k ca mt

khon vay.

RATE c tnh bi php lp v c th c mt hay nhiu kt qu. Nu cc kt qu ca RATE

khng th hi t vo trong 0.0000001 sau 20 ln lp, RATE s tr v gi tri li #VALUE!

C php: = RATE(nper, pmt, pv, fv, type, guess)

Nper : Tng s k phi tr lai (tinh theo nm). Nu s k tr li l hng thng, bn phi nhn n
vi 12. V d, bn mua mt ci xe vi khon tr gop 4 nm v phi tr li hng thng, th s k tr
li s l 4*12 = 48 k; bn c th nhp 48 vo cng thc lm gi tri cho nper.

Pmt : S tin phi tr trong mi k. S tin ny s khng thay i trong sut nm. Pmt bao gm
c tin gc v tin li (khng bao gm l ph v thu). V d, s tin phi tr hng thng l $10,000
cho khon vay mua xe trong 4 nm vi li sut 12% mt nm l $263.33; bn c th nhp -263.33
vo cng thc lm gi tri cho pmt. Nu bo qua pmt th bt buc phi c fv.

Pv : Gi tri hin ti (hin gi), hoc l tng gi tri tng ng vi mt chui cc khon phi tr
trong tng lai.

Fv : Gi tri tng li. Vi mt khon vay, th n l s tin n gc cn li sau ln tr li sau cng;

nu l mt khon u t, th no l s tin s co c khi o hn. Nu bo qua fv, tri mc inh
ca fv s l zero (v d, sau khi bn a thanh ton ht khon vay th s n ca bn s bng 0).

Type : Hnh thc tnh li:

= 0 : Tnh li vo cui mi k (mc inh)
= 1 : Tinh lai vo u mi k tip theo

Guess : Gi tri ca li sut hng nm (rate), do bn d on. Nu bo qua, Excel s mc inh

cho guess = 10%.

Lu :
Nu RATE bo li #VALUE! (do khng hi t), hy th vi cc gi tri khc cho guess.
Nper v Guess phi s dng n vi tnh ton nht qun vi nhau. V d: Vi khon vay
trong 4 nm, lai sut hng nm l 10%, nu chi tr hng thng th dng 10%/12 cho guess v
4*12 cho nper; cn nu chi tr hng nm th dng 10% cho guess v 4 cho nper.
C l nn ni mt cht v khi nim "nin kim" (annuities): Mt nin kim l mt lot cc
t tr tin mt, c thc hin vo mi k lin nhau. V d, mt khon vay mua xe hi hay

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mt khon th chp, gi l mt nin kim. Bn nn tham kho thm cc hm sau, c p

dng cho nin kim: CUMIPMT, CUMPRINC, FV, FVSCHEDULE, IPMT,
NPER, PMT,PPMT, PV, RATE.
Trong cc hm v nin kim k trn, tin mt c chi tr th hin bng s m, tin mt thu
nhn c th hin bng s dng. Vi d, vic gi $1,000 vo ngn hng s th hin bng
i s -1000 nu bn l ngi gi tin, v th hin bng s 1000 nu bn l ngn hng.
Mt i s trong cc hm ti chinh thng ph thuc vo nhiu i s khc. Nu rate khc
0 th:

Nu rate bng 0 th:

V d:
Gi s bn mun vay tr gp $8,000,000 trong 4 nm, nhn vin ngn hng sau mt hi tnh ton,
phn rng mi thng bn phi tr c gc ln li l $200,000. Vy ngn hng o tinh lai sut hng
thng (hoc li sut hng nm) cho bn l bao nhiu?

Li sut hng thng (d on lai sut l 10%/nm):

= RATE(4*12, -200000, 8000000) = 1%

Li sut hng nm (d on lai sut l 10%/nm):

= RATE(4*12, -200000, 8000000)*12 = 9.24%

Tnh li sut mi nm cho mt khon vay $1,000 trong 2 nm, mi nm phi tr $100, khi o hn
phi tr c gc ln li l $1,200 ?
= RATE(2, -100, 1000, -1200) = 19%

RECEIVED

Tnh s tin nhn c vo ngy o hn ca mt chng khon u t ton b.

C php: = RECEIVED(settlement, maturity, investment, discount, basis)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua. Nu ngi mua vo ngay ngy pht hnh, th ngy kt ton
cng l ngy pht hnh chng khon.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Investment : S tin a u t vo chng khon.

Discount : T l chit khu ca chng khon (xem hm DISC)

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm

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= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy

= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh
issue, settlement, v basis s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s nguyn
Nu settlement hay maturity khng l nhng ngy hp l, RECEIVED() s tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!
Nu investment 0 hay discount 0, RECEIVED() s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, RECEIVED() s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu settlement maturity, RECEIVED() s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Hm RECEIVED() s tnh ton theo cng thc sau y:

Vi:
B : S ngy trong mt nm (ph thuc vo basis).
DIM : S ngy tnh t ngy kt ton (hay ngy pht hnh) ti ngy o hn chng khon.

V d:
Tnh s tin s nhn c vo ngy o hn ca mt chng khon c ngy kt ton l 15/2/2008,
ngy o hn l 15/5/2008, s tin u t l $1,000,000, t l chit khu ca chng khon l 5.75%,
vi c s tnh ngy l mt nm 360 ngy, cn s ngy trong mi thng th theo thc t ca
thng o?

= RECEIVED(DATE(2008,2,15), DATE(2008,5,15), 1000000, 5.75%, 2) = $1,014,584.654

RRI (Excel 2013)

Tr v mt li sut tng ng cho s tng trng ca mt khon u t.

C php: =RRI(nper, pv, fv)

Nper Bt buc. Nper l s k hn ca khon u t.

Pv Bt buc. Pv l gi tri hin ti ca khon u t.

Fv Bt buc. Fv l gi tri tng lai ca khon u t.

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Hm RRI tr v lai sut, khi bit nper (s k hn), pv (gi tri hin ti) v fv (gi tri tng lai), c
tinh bng cch dng phng trnh sau y:

Lu :
Nu cc gi tri i s khng hp l, hm RRI tr v gi tri li #NUM!.
Nu cc i s khng s dng kiu d liu hp l, hm RRI tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.

V d:

SLN

Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn theo phng php ng thng (t l khu hao tri u trong sut
thi hn s dng ca ti sn) trong mt khong thi gian xc inh.

C php: =SLN(cost, salvage, life)

Cost : Gi tri ban u ca ti sn

Salvage : Gi tri thu hi c ca ti sn (hay l gi tri ca ti sn sau khi khu hao)

Life : Hn s dng ca ti sn.

SLN dng cng thc sau y tnh khu hao:

V d:
Tnh khu hao bnh qun mi nm cho mt ti sn c gi tri ban u l $30,000, gi tri cn li sau
khi a khu hao l $7,500, c thi hn s dng 10 nm ?

= SLN(30000, 7500, 10) = $2,250

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SYD

Tinh khu hao cho mt ti sn theo gi tri cn li trong mt khong thi gian xc inh.

C php: = SYD(cost, salvage, life, per)

Cost : Gi tri ban u ca ti sn

Salvage : Gi tri thu hi c ca ti sn (hay l gi tri ca ti sn sau khi khu hao)

Life : Hn s dng ca ti sn.

Per : K tinh khu hao, phi co cng n vi tinh vi Life.

SYD dng cng thc sau y tinh khu hao:

V d:
Tinh khu hao ca nm u tin v nm cui cng ca mt ti sn co gi tri ban u l $30,000,
gi tri cn li sau khi a khu hao l $7,500, co thi hn s dng 10 nm ?

Nm u tin:
= SYD(30000, 7500, 10, 1) = $4,090.91

Nm cui cng:
= SYD(30000, 7500, 10, 10) = $409.09

TBILLEQ

Tnh phn trm li nhun tng ng vi tri phiu cho tri phiu kho bc.

C php: = TBILLEQ(settlement, maturity, discount)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Discount: T l chit khu ca chng khon (xem hm DISC)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh.

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Settlement, v maturity s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s nguyn

Nu settlement v maturity khng l nhng ngy hp l, TBILLEQ s tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!
Nu discount 0, TBILLEQ s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu settlement maturity, hay nu maturity ln hn mt nm sau settlement, TBILLEQ s
tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Hm TBILLEQ s tnh ton theo cng thc sau y:

Vi: DSM : S ngy gia settlement v maturity, c tinh theo c s mt nm co 360 ngy.

V d:
Tnh phn trm li nhun tng ng vi tri phiu cho mt tri phiu kho bc c ngy kt ton l
31/3/2008, ngy o hn l 1/6/2008, v c t l chit khu l 9.14%?

= TBILLEQ(DATE(2008,3,31), DATE(2008,6,1), 9.14%) = 0.094151 (= 9.42%)

TBILLPRICE

Tnh gi tri da trn ng mnh gi $100 cho mt tri phiu kho bc (da trn t l chit khu,
hay t l li nhun ca n)

Hm ny l nghich o ca hm TBILLYIELD

C php: = TBILLPRICE(settlement, maturity, discount)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Discount: T l chit khu (t l li nhun) ca tri phiu (xem hm TBILLYIELD)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh.
Settlement, v maturity s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s nguyn
Nu settlement v maturity khng l nhng ngy hp l, TBILLPRICE s tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!
Nu discount 0, TBILLPRICE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu settlement > maturity, hay nu maturity ln hn mt nm sau settlement (t ngy kt
ton n ngy o hn nhiu hn 1 nm), TBILLPRICE s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Hm TBILLPRICE s tnh ton theo cng thc sau y:

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Vi: DSM : S ngy gia settlement v maturity, nhng khng tinh ngy o hn (maturity date).

V d:
Tnh gi tri da trn ng mnh gi $100 cho mt tri phiu kho bc c ngy kt ton l 31/3/2008,
ngy o hn l 1/6/2008, v c t l chit khu l 9%?

= TBILLPRICE(DATE(2008,3,31), DATE(2008,6,1), 9%) = $98.45

TBILLYIELD

Tnh t l chit khu (t l li nhun) cho mt tri phiu kho bc (da theo gi tri ca ng $100).

Hm ny l nghich o ca hm TBILLPRICE

C php: = TBILLYIELD(settlement, maturity, pr )

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Pr : Gi tri da trn ng mnh gi $100 ca tri phiu (xem hm TBILLPRICE)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh.
Settlement, v maturity s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s nguyn
Nu settlement v maturity khng l nhng ngy hp l, TBILLYIELD s tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!
Nu pr 0, TBILLYIELD s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu settlement > maturity, hay nu maturity ln hn mt nm sau settlement (t ngy kt
ton n ngy o hn nhiu hn 1 nm), TBILLYIELD s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Hm TBILLYIELD s tnh ton theo cng thc sau y:

Vi: DSM : S ngy gia settlement v maturity, nhng khng tinh ngy o hn (maturity date).

V d:
Tnh t l li nhun ca mt tri phiu kho bc c ngy kt ton l 31/3/2008, ngy o hn l
1/6/2008, bit gi tri da trn ng mnh gi $100 ca n l $98.45?

= TBILLYIELD(DATE(2008,3,31), DATE(2008,6,1), 98.45) = 0.091417 (= 9.1417%)

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VDB

Tnh khu hao cho mt ti sn s dng trong nhiu k bng phng php s d gim dn
kp (double-declining balance method), hay bng phng php no khc c chi inh.

C php: =VDB(cost, salvage, life, start_period, end_period, factor, no_switch)

Cost : Gi tri ban u ca ti sn

Salvage : Gi tri thu hi c ca ti sn (hay l gi tri ca ti sn sau khi khu hao)

Life : S k tnh khu hao (hay cn gi l hn s dng ca ti sn).

Start_period : K u tin mun tnh khu hao. Start_period phi s dng cng mt n vi tnh
ton vi Life.

End_period : K cui cng mun tnh khu hao. End_period phi s dng cng mt n vi tnh
ton vi Life.

Factor : T l gim dn s d (nu bo qua, mc inh l 2, tc s dng phng php s d gim

dn kp). bit thm v phng php s d gim dn kp, xem hm DDB.

No_switch : Mt gi tri logic cho bit c chuyn qua phng php tinh khu hao theo ng
thng (straight-line depreciation method) khng, khi khu hao ln hn gim dn s d. Mc
inh l FALSE.
TRUE : Excel s khng s dng phng php tinh khu hao theo ng thng, ngay c khi
khu hao ln hn gim dn s d.
FALSE : Khi khu hao ln hn gim dn s d, Excel s t ng chuyn sang s
dng phng php tinh khu hao theo ng thng.

Lu :
Tt c cc tham s (ngoi tr no_switch) phi l nhng s dng.

V d:
Vi mt ti sn c gi tri khi mua vo l $2,400, gi tri thu hi c ca sn phm khi ht hn s
dng l $300, hn s dng l 10 nm, v c s dng trong nhiu k, ta c nhng cc tnh khu
hao theo tng khong thi gian nh sau:

Khu hao cho ngy u tin, dng phng php s d gim dn kp:
= VDB(2400, 300, 10*365, 0, 1) = $1.32

Khu hao thng u tin, dng phng php s d gim dn kp:

= VDB(2400, 300, 10*12, 0, 1) = $40

Khu hao nm u tin, dng phng php s d gim dn kp:

= VDB(2400, 300, 10, 0, 1) = $480

Khu hao gia thng th 6 v thng th 18, dng phng php s d gim dn kp:
= VDB(2400, 300, 10*12, 6, 18) = $396.31

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Khu hao gia thng th 6 v thng th 18, dng factor = 1.5 thay cho phng php s d gim
dn kp:
= VDB(2400, 300, 10*12, 6, 18, 1.5) = $311.81

Qua v d trn ta thy, hm VDB chi hn hm DDB ch VBD tinh c khu hao t mt k no
o n mt k no o (xem li cc v d ca hm DDB). Cn nu tnh khu hao ti mt k (thng
th nht, nm th hai, v.v...) th VBD cho ra kt qu tng t DDB.

XIRR

y chinh l hm IRR: tnh li sut ni hm (hay cn gi l hm tnh t sut lu hnh ni b, hay

t sut hon vn ni b) cho mt chui cc lu ng tin mt c th hin bi cc tri s; nhng
khc IRR, XIRR p dng cho cc lu ng tin mt khng inh k.

C php: = XIRR(values, dates, guess)

Values : Cc khon chi tr hoc thu nhp trong cc k hn ca khon u t, tng ng vi lich
chi tr trong dates. Tin chi tr u tin l ty chn v tng ng vi tin chi tr hoc chi ph
u khon u t. Nu tri u tin l chi ph hoc tin chi tr, tri o phi l s m. Nhng ln chi
tr cn li u c tnh da theo nm co 365 ngy. Day gi tri phi cha t nht mt tri dng v
mt tri m.

Dates : Lot ngy chi tr tng ng.

Guess : Mt con s % c lng gn vi kt qu ca XIRR. Nu bo qua, th mc inh guess=10%.

Excel dng chc nng lp trong php tnh XIRR. Bt u vi guess, XIRR lp cho ti khi
kt qu chnh xc trong khong 0.00001%. Nu XIRR khng th a ra kt qu sau 100
ln lp, IRR s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Trong trng hp XIRR tr v gi tri li #NUM!, hy th li vi mt gi tri guess khc.

Lu :
Cc s trong dates s c t ng ct bo phn l nu c.
XIRR cn t nht mt lu ng tin mt dng v mt lu ng tin mt m, nu khng,
XIRR s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu c bt k i s no trong dates khng phi l ngy thng hp l, XIRR s tr v gi tri
li #NUM!
Nu c bt k i s no trong dates trc ngy bt u, XIRR s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu s lng values v s lng dates khng tng ng, XIRR s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
XIRR c quan h mt thit vi XNPV, kt qu do XIRR tr v chnh l li sut rate sao
cho XNPV = 0.

V d:

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XNPV

Tnh hin gi rng ca mt khon u t bng cch s dng t l chit khu vi cc khon chi tr
(hoc thu nhp) khng inh k. Nu mun tnh hin gi rng ca mt khon u t bng cch s
dng t l chit khu vi cc khon chi tr (hoc thu nhp) theo nhng k hn u n, dng
hm NPV.

C php: = XNPV(rate, values, dates)

Rate : T sut chit khu trong sut thi gian sng ca khon u t (sut thi gian thc hin d
n chng hn). T sut ny c th th hin t l lm pht hoc li sut u t lm pht.

Values : Cc khon chi tr hoc thu nhp trong cc k hn ca khon u t, tng ng vi lich
chi tr trong dates. Tin chi tr u tin l ty chn v tng ng vi tin chi tr hoc chi ph
u khon u t. Nu tri u tin l chi ph hoc tin chi tr, tri o phi l s m. Nhng ln chi
tr cn li u c tnh da theo nm co 365 ngy. Day gi tri phi cha t nht mt tri dng v
mt tri m.

Dates : Lot ngy chi tr tng ng.

Lu :
Cc s trong dates s c t ng ct bo phn l nu c.
Nu c bt k i s no khng phi l s, XNPV s tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu c bt k i s no trong dates khng phi l ngy thng hp l, XNPV s tr
v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu c bt k i s no trong dates trc ngy bt u, XNPV s tr v li #NUM!
Nu s lng values v s lng dates khng tng ng, XNPV s tr v li #NUM!
Nu coi n l s lu ng tin mt trong danh sch cc values, th hm XNPV tnh ton
theo cng thc sau y:

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V d:

YIELD

Tnh t l li nhun ca mt chng khon tr li theo inh k.

Thng c dng tnh t l li nhun ca tri phiu.

C php: =YIELD(settlement, maturity, rate, pr, redemption, frequency, basis)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Rate : Li sut hng nm ca chng khon.

Pr : Gi tri da trn ng mnh gi $100 ca chng khon.

Redemption : Gi tri (s tin) nhn c ca chng khon khi o hn.

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Hm Ti Chnh (Financial Functions) Gii Php Excel | 389

Frequency : S ln tr li hng nm. Nu tr mi nm mt ln: frequency = 1; tr mi nm hai

ln: frequency = 2; tr mi nm bn ln:frequency = 4.

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh.
Settlement, maturity, frequency v basis s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s
nguyn
Nu settlement v maturity khng l nhng ngy hp l, YIELD s tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!
Nu rate < 0, YIELD s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu pr 0 hoc redemption 0, YIELD s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu frequency khng phi l 1, 2 hay 4, YIELD s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, YIELD s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu settlement maturity, YIELD s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Hm YIELD s c tnh theo cng thc sau:

Vi:
A : S ngy t ngy bt u k tinh lai cho n ngy kt ton.
DSM : S ngy t ngy ngy kt ton cho n ngy o hn.
E : S ngy trong k tnh li.

V d:
Tnh t l li nhun ca mt tri phiu c ngy kt ton l 15/2/2008, ngy o hn l 15/11/2016,
c li sut hng nm l 5.75%, gi tri ca tri phiu da trn ng $100 l $95.04287, gi tri nhn
c khi o hn l $100, tr li 6 thng 1 ln, vi c s tnh ngy l mt nm 360 ngy, mt
thng 30 ngy?

= YIELD(DATE(2008,2,15), DATE(2016,11,15), 5.75%, 95.04287, 100, 2, 0) = 0.065 (= 6.5%)

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YIELDDISC

Tnh t l li nhun hng nm ca mt chng khon a chit khu.

C php: = YIELDDISC(settlement, maturity, pr, redemption, basis)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi
chng khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Pr : Gi tri da trn ng mnh gi $100 ca chng khon.

Redemption : Gi tri (s tin) nhn c ca chng khon khi o hn.

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm co 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh.
Settlement, maturity, v basis s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s nguyn
Nu settlement v maturity khng l nhng ngy hp l, YIELDDISC s tr v gi tri li
#VALUE!
Nu pr 0 hoc redemption 0, YIELDDISC s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, YIELDDISC s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu settlement maturity, YIELDDISC s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

V d:
Tnh t l li nhun ca mt tri phiu a chit khu c ngy kt ton l 16/2/2008, ngy o hn
l 1/3/2008, gi tri ca tri phiu da trn ng $100 l $99.795, gi tri nhn c khi o hn l
$100, vi c s tnh ngy l mt nm 360 ngy, cn s ngy trong mi thng th theo thc t
ca thng o ?

= YIELDDISC(DATE(2008,2,16), DATE(2008,3,1), 99.795, 100, 2) = 0.052823 (= 5.28%)

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YIELDMAT

Tnh t l li nhun hng nm ca mt chng khon tr lai vo ngy o hn.

C php: = YIELDMAT(settlement, maturity, issue, rate, pr, basis)

Settlement : Ngy kt ton chng khon, l mt ngy sau ngy pht hnh chng khon, khi chng
khon c giao dich vi ngi mua.

Maturity : Ngy o hn chng khon, l ngy chng khon ht hiu lc.

Issue : Ngy pht hnh chng khon.

Rate : Li sut ca chng khon vo ngy pht hnh.

Pr : Gi tri da trn ng mnh gi $100 ca chng khon.

Basis : L c s dng m ngy (nu bo qua, mc inh l 0)

= 0 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm c 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Bc M)
= 1 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / S ngy thc t ca mi nm
= 2 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 360 ngy
= 3 : S ngy thc t ca mi thng / Mt nm co 365 ngy
= 4 : Mt thng c 30 ngy / Mt nm c 360 ngy (theo tiu chun Chu u)

Lu :
Nn dng hm DATE(year, month, day) khi nhp cc gi tri ngy thng.
Settlement l ngy m chng khon c bn ra, maturity l ngy chng khon ht hn. V
d, gi s c mt tri phiu c thi hn 30 nm c pht hnh ngy 1/1/2008, v n c
ngi mua vo 6 thng sau. Vy, ngy pht hnh (issue date) tri phiu s l
1/1/2008,Settlement l ngy 1/7/2008, v Maturity l ngy 1/1/2038, 30 nm sau ngy pht
hnh.
Settlement, maturity, issue, v basis s c ct bo phn l nu chng khng phi l s
nguyn
Nu settlement, maturity hay issue khng l nhng ngy hp l, YIELDMAT s tr v gi
tri li #VALUE!
Nu rate 0 hoc pr 0, YIELDMAT s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu basis < 0 hay basis > 4, YIELDMAT s tr v gi tri li #NUM!
Nu settlement maturity, YIELDMAT s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

V d:
Tnh t l li nhun ca mt tri phiu c tr lai vo ngy o hn c ngy pht hnh l
8/11/2007, ngy kt ton l 15/3/2008, ngy o hn l 3/11/2008, li sut khi pht hnh l 6.25%
/ nm, gi tri ca tri phiu da trn ng $100 l $100.0123, vi c s tnh ngy l mt nm
360 ngy, mt thng c 30 ngy ?

= YIELDMAT(DATE(2008,3,15), DATE(2008,11,3), DATE(2007,11,8), 6.25%, 100.0123) =

0.060954 (= 6.09%)

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Hm C S D Liu (Database Functions) Gii Php Excel | 392

II.10. HM C S D LIU (DATABASE FUNCTIONS)

II.10.1. Ni chung v Cc Hm Qun l C s d liu

Microsoft Excel cung cp nhiu hm dng cho vic phn tich d liu trong danh sch hay c s
d liu. Nhng hm ny bt u bng ch D.

Mi hm u s dng 3 i s l database, field v criteria; nhng i s ny l cc tham chiu

n cc mng trong bng tinh.

database : L mt day cc to nn danh sch hay c s d liu. Mt c s d liu l

mt danh sch d liu gm nhng mu tin, v co ct d liu l cc trng (field). Dng
u tin trong danh sch lun cha tn trng.
field : Cho bit ct no c s dng trong hm. field co th c cho dng text vi
tn ct c trong cp du ngoc kp (nh "Age", "Yield"...) hay l s i din cho
vi tri ca ct (1, 2, ...)
criteria : L mt day cc cha iu kin. Co th dng bt c day no cho phn iu
kin ny, min l day o co it nht mt tn ct v mt bn di tn ct lm iu
kin cho hm.

Trong cc bi chi tit v tng hm, ti s s dng bng tinh sau y lm vi d minh ha v cch
s dng hm:

Vi vng database l A5:E11.

II.10.2. Mt s v d v cch dng Criteria nhp iu kin

Cch th hin du bng (=) khi nhp iu kin:
V du bng (=) c dng nhp cng thc, nn chng ta khng th g trc tip du bng trong
nhng iu kin.

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Hm C S D Liu (Database Functions) Gii Php Excel | 393

th hin c du bng (=) trong iu kin, chng ta c 2 cch:

Dng du nhy n trc du bng: '=Apple
t c cm chi iu kin (gm c du bng) trong mt cp ngoc kp: ="=Apple"

Nhp nhiu iu kin trong mt ct:

iu kin: (Salesperson = "Davolio" HOC Salesperson = "Buchanan")

Cch nhp nh hnh sau. Kt qu l nhng c t m (A7:C9)

Nhp nhiu iu kin trong nhiu ct v tt c cc iu kin u phi ng:

iu kin: (Type = "Produce" V Sales > 1000)

Cch nhp nh hnh sau. Kt qu l nhng c t m (A8:C9)

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Hm C S D Liu (Database Functions) Gii Php Excel | 394

Nhp nhiu iu kin trong nhiu ct v iu kin no ng cng c:

iu kin: (Type = "Produce" HOC Sales = "Davolio")

Cch nhp nh hnh sau. Kt qu l nhng c t m (A7:C9)

Nhp nhiu nhm iu kin m mi nhm bao gm iu kin trong nhiu ct:

iu kin: ((Salesperson = "Davolio" V Sales >3000) HOC (Salesperson = "Buchanan" V

Sales > 1500))

Cch nhp nh hnh sau. Kt qu l nhng c t m (A8:C9)

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Nhp nhiu nhm iu kin m mi nhm bao gm iu kin trong mt ct:

iu kin: ((Sales > 6000 V Sales < 6500) HOC (Sales < 500))

Cch nhp nh hnh sau. Kt qu l nhng c t m (A7:C8)

Nhp iu kin lc text dng k t i din ? v *:

Nhp text m khng c du bng (=) trc, s lc nhng text bt u bt u bng

nhng text ny. V d: nhp Dav, Excel s tm nhng ra t nh "David", "Davolio",
"Davis", v.v...
K t ? s i din cho 1 k t. V d: sm?th s i din cho "smith" hoc "smyth"...
K t * s i din cho nhiu k t. V d: *east s i din cho "Northeast" hoc
"Southeast"...

Nhng c t m (A6:C8) hnh sau l kt qu ca vic tm kim nhng Type bt u bng

ch "Me" hoc nhng Salesperson c ch "u" l k t th hai.

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hai v d sau y, iu kin l kt qu ca mt cng thc. Khi dng iu kin nh vy, cn lu

hai iu sau:
Khng c nhp cng thc vo bn di nhng ct c tn field (trng d liu)
trng vi tn ca nhng field trong database, m nn to thm mt ct khc, vi mt
tn field khc.
Cng thc phi tham chiu n nhng nm trn hng u tin ca database (A7 v
C7 hai v d sau)

Lc nhng gi tr ln hn trung bnh cng ca tng gi tr:

Nhng c t m (A6:C6 v A8:C9) hnh sau l kt qu ca vic lc ra nhng Sales ln hn
trung bnh cng ca cc Sales:

Lc nhng gi tr text phn bit ch thng v ch hoa:

Thng th khi lc nhng gi tri text (nh nhng v d trn y), Excel khng phn bit cch vit
(produce = Produce).

Excel phn bit cch vit, ta dng hm EXACT.

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DAVERAGE

Tinh trung bnh cc gi tri trong mt ct ca danh sch hay cc tri ca mt c s d liu, theo
mt iu kin c chi inh.

C php: = DAVERAGE(database, field, criteria)

V d: (xem s liu minh ho trn)

= DAVERAGE(A5:E11, "Yield", A1:B2) 12
(trung bnh li tc ca cc cy to cao trn 10 feet)

= DAVERAGE(A5:E11, 3, A5:E11) 13
(trung bnh tui ca tt c cc cy co trong database)

DCOUNT

m cc cha s liu trong mt ct ca danh sch hay cc tri ca mt c s d liu, theo mt

iu kin c chi inh.

Trong hm DCOUNT, i s field l ty chn. Nu bo qua i s ny th DCOUNT s m tt c

cc mu tin trong c s d liu theo iu kin c chi inh.

C php: = DCOUNT(database, [field,] criteria)

V d: (xem s liu minh ho trn)

= DCOUNT(A5:E11, "Age", B1:F2) 3

(tm trong database tt c nhng mu tin co Height nm trong khong 10 n 16, ri m xem
trong s nhng mu tin tm c ny co bao nhiu mu tin co cha s liu ct Age)

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Hm C S D Liu (Database Functions) Gii Php Excel | 398

DCOUNTA

m cc "khng rng" trong mt ct ca danh sch hay cc tri ca mt c s d liu, theo mt

iu kin c chi inh.

Trong hm DCOUNT, i s field l ty chn. Nu bo qua i s ny th DCOUNT s m tt

c cc mu tin trong c s d liu theo iu kin c chi inh.

C php: = DCOUNTA(database, [field,] criteria)

V d: (xem s liu minh ho trn)

= DCOUNTA(A5:E11, "Profit", B1:F2) 3

(tm trong database tt c nhng mu tin co Height nm trong khong 10 n 16, ri m xem
trong s nhng mu tin tm c ny co bao nhiu mu tin ct Profit khng rng)

DGET

Trich mt gi tri t mt ct ca mt danh sch hay c s d liu, khp vi iu kin c chi

inh.

C php: = DGET(database, field, criteria)

Lu :
Nu khng co mu tin no thoa iu kin, hm DGET s tr v gi tri li #VALUE!
Nu co nhiu hn mt mu tin thoa iu kin, hm DGET s tr v gi tri li #NUM!

V d: (xem s liu minh ho trn)

= DGET(A5:E11, "Yield", A1:A3) #NUM!

(Hm tr v li #NUM! bi v co nhiu hn mt mu tin thoa iu kin)

DMAX

Tr v tri ln nht trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin

c chi inh.

C php: = DMAX(database, field, criteria)

V d: (xem s liu minh ho trn)

= DMAX(A5:E11, "Profit", A1:A3) 105

(tm trong database li nhun ln nht thu c t Apple v Pear)

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Hm C S D Liu (Database Functions) Gii Php Excel | 399

DMIN

Tr v tri nho nht trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin
c chi inh.

C php: = DMIN(database, field, criteria)

V d: (Xem bng tnh bi 1)

= DMIN(A5:E11, "Profit", A1:B2) 75

(tm trong database li nhun thp nht ca nhng cy to co cao trn 10 feet)

DPRODUCT

Nhn cc gi tri trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin

c chi inh.

C php: = DPRODUCT(database, field, criteria)

V d: (xem s liu minh ho trn)

= DPRODUCT(A5:E11, "Yield", A1:B2) 140

(nhn cc li tc ca nhng cy to co cao trn 10 feet)

DSTDEV

c lng lch chun ca mt tp hp theo mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong mt ct
ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c chi inh.

C php: = DSTDEV(database, field, criteria)

V d: (xem s liu minh ho trn)

= DSTDEV(A5:E11, "Yield", A1:A3) 2.96647939

(c lng lch chun theo li tc (yield) ca Apple v Pear nu d liu trong c s d liu
chi l mt mu ca ton th vn cy)

DSTDEVP

Tinh lch chun ca mt tp hp theo ton th cc tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong
mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c chi inh.

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C php: = DSTDEVP(database, field, criteria)

V d: (xem s liu minh ho trn)

= DSTDEVP(A5:E11, "Yield", A1:A3) 2.65329983

( lch chun thc s theo li tc (yield) ca Apple v Pear nu d liu trong c s d liu l d
liu ca ton th vn cy)

DSUM

Cng cc s trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c

chi inh.

C php: = DSUM(database, field, criteria)

V d: (xem s liu minh ho trn)

= DSUM(A5:E11, "Profit", A1:A2) 225

(Tng li nhun t cc cy to)

DVAR

c lng s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn mt mu, bng cch s dng cc s liu trong
mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c chi inh.

C php: = DVAR(database, [field,] criteria)

V d: (xem s liu minh ho trn)

= DVAR(A5:E11, "Yield", A1:A3) 8.8

(c lng s bin thin theo li tc (yield) ca Apple v Pear nu d liu trong c s d liu
chi l mt mu ca ton th cc tp hp trong vn cy)

DVARP

Tinh ton s bin thin ca mt tp hp da trn ton th tp hp, bng cch s dng cc s liu
trong mt ct ca mt danh sch hay ca mt c s d liu, theo mt iu kin c chi inh.

C php: = DVARP(database, [field,] criteria)

V d: (xem s liu minh ho trn)

= DVARP(A5:E11, "Yield", A1:A3) 7.04

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Hm C S D Liu (Database Functions) Gii Php Excel | 401

(s bin thin thc s theo li tc (yield) ca Apple v Pear, nu d liu trong c s d liu l
ton th cc tp hp trong vn cy)

GETPIVOTDATA

Tr v d liu c lu gi trong bo co PivotTable. C th dng GETPIVOTDATA ly d

liu tng kt t mt bo co PivotTable, vi iu kin l phi thy c d liu tng kt t trong
bo co o.
nhanh chng nhp cng thc GETPIVOTDATA, bn c th g du = vo mun nhn d liu
tng kt, ri nhp vo cha s liu tng kt ca bo co PivotTable.
C php: =GETPIVOTDATA(data_field, pivot_table, field1, item1, field2, item2,...)
data_field : Tn trng cha d liu tng kt ca bo co PivotTable. Tn ny phi c t trong
mt cp du nhy kp.
pivot_data : Tham chiu n mt , dy , hoc tn dy bn trong mt bo co PivotTable.
Thng tin ny c dng xc inh bo co PivotTable no cha d liu tr v.
field1, item1, field2, item2,... : C th c t 1 n 126 (vi Excel 2003 tr v trc th con s ny
chi l 14) cp tn field v item m t d liu mun tr v. Nhng cp ny c th thuc bt c loi
no. Nu tn field v item khng l ngy thng hoc s liu, cn phi t chng trong cp du nhy
kp. i vi loi bo co OLAP PivotTable, items c th bao gm y ng dn ln tn
ca item. Mt cp field v item ca OLAP PivotTable c th nh sau:
"[Product]","[Product].[All Products].[Foods].[Baked Goods]"
Lu :
Cc field hay item tnh ton v cc php tnh t to c th c t trong php tnh
GETPIVOTDATA.
Nu pivot_table l mt dy c cha nhiu hn 1 bo co PivotTable, d liu tr v s l t
bo co c to ra sau cng.
Nu i s field v cc i s ca item m t chi mi mt , gi tri ca o s c tr v
m khng cn bit gi tri o l chui, l s, l li, hay l mt th g o...
Nu item cha ngy thng, gi tri phi c biu din di dng mt chui s hoc c
thit lp bng cch dng hm DATE gi tri o s khng bin i khi bng tinh c m
mt my khc, c h thng inh dng ngy thng khc vi ni to ra n. V d,
mt item tham chiu ti ngy 5 thng 3 nm 1999 co th c nhp l 36224 hay
DATE(1999, 3, 5). Thi gian c th c nhp nh mt gi tri thp phn hoc bng cch
dng hm TIME.
Nu pivot_table khng phi l mt dy c cha bo co PivotTable, GETPIVOTDATA s
tr v li #REF!
Nu cc i s miu t mt field khng th thy c, hoc nu chng gm mt trng
khng hin thi, GETPIVOTDATA cng s tr v li #REF!

V d:
y l mt dy c cha bo co PivotTable:

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Hm C S D Liu (Database Functions) Gii Php Excel | 402

GETPIVOTDATA("Sales", $A$4) tr v tng gi tri ln nht ca Sales ($ 49,325)

GETPIVOTDATA("Sum of Sales", $A$4) cng tr v tng gi tri ca Sales ($

49,325): tn trng c th nhp chinh xc nh trn bng tnh, hoc nh bn gc
(khng c "Sum of", "Count of"...)

GETPIVOTDATA("Sales", $A$4, "Month", "March") tr v tng gi tri ca Sales

trong thng 3 ($ 30,337)

GETPIVOTDATA("Sales", $A$4, "Month", "March", "Product", "Produce",

"Salesperson", "Buchanan") tr v gi tri D6 ($ 10,201)

GETPIVOTDATA("Sales", $A$4, "Region", "South") tr v #REF! bi v khng tm

thy d liu trong vng South.

GETPIVOTDATA("Sales", $A$4, "Product", "Beverages", "Salesperson",

"Davolio") cng tr v #REF! bi v o khng co tng gi tri ca Product l
Beverages i vi Salesperson l Davolio.

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Hm Add-Ins & Hm Ngoi (Add-Ins & Dde Functions) Gii Php Excel | 403

II.11. HM ADD-INS & HM NGOI (ADD-INS & DDE FUNCTIONS)

EUROCONVERT

Chuyn i mt s sang ng Euro, chuyn i ng Euro sang ng thnh vin, hay chuyn i
ng thnh vin ny sang ng thnh vin khc, bng cch s dng ng EU lm trung gian.
Cc loi tin t c th s dng cho vic chuyn i phi tho hai iu kin: Th nht loi tin t
o phi l ca mt nc thuc lin minh EU (gi tt l ng thnh vin), v th hai l nc o a
chp nhn ng EU.
Hm s dng cc ti l chuyn i c inh do lin minh Chu u thit lp.
C php: =EUROCONVERT(number, source, target, full_precision,
triangulation_precision)
Number: L gi tri tin t mun chuyn di, hoc l mt tham chiu ti mt c cha gi tri
tin t.
Source: L mt chui gm ba mu t, hoc l mt tham chiu ti mt c cha chui o, tng
ng vi ma ISO i vi tin t mgun. Sau y l cc ma tin t c th s dng trong hm
EUROCONVERRT.

Quc gia/vng n v tin t c bn M ISO

Belgium Franc BEF

Luxembourg Franc LUF

Germany Deutsche mark DEM

Spain Peseta ESP

France Franc FRF

Ireland Pound IEP

Netherlands Guilder NLG

Austria Schilling ATS

Portugal Escudo PTE

Finland Markka FIM

Euro member states Euro ESR

Cc nc sau y co th s chp nhn ng EU sau phin bn u tin ca hm ny, nn Microsoft

s cp nht hm trong cc phin bn sp ti. bit thm thng tin v cc loi tin t thnh vin
mi ca ng EU, cng nh nhng cp nht i vi hm EUROCONVERT, c th kt ni vo
Web site ca Microsoft Office:

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Hm Add-Ins & Hm Ngoi (Add-Ins & Dde Functions) Gii Php Excel | 404

http://officeupdate.microsoft.com/office/redirect/10/Helplinks.asp?

Quc gia/vng n v tin t c bn M ISO

Denmark Krone DKK

Greece Drachma GRD

Sweden Krona SEK

UK Pound sterling GBP

Target: L mt chui gm ba k t, hoc l mt tham chiu , tng ng vi m ISO ca tin

t ich.
Full_precision: L mt tri logic, hoc mt biu thc cho ra tri True hoc False, chi inh cch thc
hin thi kt qu chuyn i.

Dng Nu mun Excel

Hn thi kt qu vi lut lm trn tin t, c chi r bng sau, Excel s dng tri
chinh xc tinh ton tnh ton kt qu v s dng chnh xc hin thi hin thi
False
kt qu. False l tri mc inh nu bo qua i s full_precision.

True Hin thi kt qa vi tt c k s co ngha t php tnh.

Bng sau trnh by cc lut lm trn tin t, o l: Excel s s dng bao nhiu s k t thp phn
tnh ton kih c chuyn i tin t v hin thi kt qu.

M ISO Tnh chnh xc Hn th chnh xc

BEF 0 0
LUF 0 0
DEM 2 2
ESP 0 0
FRF 2 2
IEP 2 2
ITL 0 0
NLG 2 2
ATS 2 2
PTE 0 2
FIM 2 2
EUR 2 2

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Hm Add-Ins & Hm Ngoi (Add-Ins & Dde Functions) Gii Php Excel | 405

Triangulation_puecision: l mt s nguyn bng hoc ln hn 3. S ny chi inh s k s c

ngha dng cho ng trung gian Euro khi chuyn i gia hai loi ng thnh vin. Nu bo qua
i ny, Excel khng lm trn gi tri ng trung gian EU. Nu s dng i s ny khi chuyn i
ng thnh vin sang ng Euro, Excel s tnh ga tri ng trung gian Euro.
Lu :
Excel ct bo mi s zero sau cng trong gi tri tr v.
Nu m ISO ngun ging nh ma ISO ich, excel tr v gi tri gc.
Cc tham s khng hp l s tr v #VALUE!.
Hm khng p dng inh dng s.
Hm khng th s dng trong cc cng thc mng.
V d ny chp nhn t l chuyn i 1 Euro = 6.55957 Francs Php v bng 1.95583
ng mc c. Hm EU dng t l tin t c thit lp bi EU, Microsoft s cp nht li
hm mt khi t l ny thay i.
EUROCONVERT(1.20," DEM ","EUR") bng 0.61 Euro. Do khng chi inh c
full_precision ln triangulation_precision, nn kt qu a s dng php tnh chnh xc cho
ng Euro, vi hai vi tr thp phn.
EUROCONVERT( 1,"FRF","EUR",TRUE,3) bng 0.152 Euro. Khi chuyn i sang ng
Euro, nu full_precision bng TRUE, chnh xc ca kt qu c chinh inh bi
triangulation_precision.
EUROCONVERT(1," FRF," EUR0,FALSE,3) bng 0.15 Euro. Khi chuyn i sang ng
Euro, nu full_precision bng False, kt qa dng php tinh chinh xc cho ng Euro, vi
hai vi tr phn thp phn.
EUROCONVERT(1," FEF"," DEM",TRUE,3) bng 0.29728616 DM, do
triangulation_precision bng 3, gi tri ng trung gian Euro c lm trn vi 3 vi tr thp
phn, v full_precision bng true, nn kt qu gi tri ng mc c c lu li vi tt c
cc k s co ngha.
EUROCONVERT(1," FRF," DEM,FALSE,3) bng 0.30 DM. Bi v
triangulation_precision bng 3, gi tri ng trung gian Euro c lm trn ti 3 vi tr thp
phn, do full_precision bng false, kt qu ga tri ng mc c c lm trn vi php
tinh chinh xc cho ng mc c vi hai vi tr thp phn.
Cn Add-Ins Euro Currency Tools khi s dng hm.

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Hm Add-Ins & Hm Ngoi (Add-Ins & Dde Functions) Gii Php Excel | 406

SQL.REQUEST

Kt ni vi ngun d liu ngoi, ri chy query t mt trang tinh. Sau o SQL.REQUEST tr li

kt qa di dng mt mng. S dng hm ny cng l mt cch khng phi lp trnh macro.
C php: =SQL.REQUEST(connection_string, output_ref,
driver_prompt, query_text, col_names_logica)
connection_string: Cung cp thng tin (nh tn d liu ngun, user ID, v password) cn cho
trnh iu khin kt ni ti ngun d liu v phi tun theo inh dng ca trnh iu khin.
Bng sau cho thy ba v d v ba chui kt ni cho ba trnh iu khin khc nhau.

Trnh iu kin Connection_string

dBASE DSN=Nwind;PWD=test

SQL Server DSN=MyServer;UID=dbayer; PWD=123;Database=Pubs

ORACLE DNS=MY Oracle Data Source ;DBQ=MYSER

Phi inh ngha tn ngun d liu (DSN) c dng trong connection_string trc khi kt
ni vo ngun d liu o.

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Hm Add-Ins & Hm Ngoi (Add-Ins & Dde Functions) Gii Php Excel | 407

C th nhp connection_string dng mng hay chui. Nu connection_string vt qu

250 k t, phi nhp n dng mng.
Nu SQL.REQUEST khng th kt ni ti ngun d liu trong khi connection_string n
s tr v gi tri li #N/A!.
Output_ref: L mt tham chiu ni dng t ton b chui kt ni vo o. Nu nhp
SQL.REQUEST trong mt worksheet, Output_ref s c bo qua.
Dng Output_ref khi mun SQL.REQUEST tr v ton b chui kt ni (phi nhp
SQL.REQUEST trn mt bng macro).
Nu bo qua Output_ref,SQL.REQUEST s khng tr v ton b chui kt ni.
Driver_ prompt: Chi inh khi no th hp thoi thit bi iu khin c hin thi v tu chn no
s dng c, s dng 1 trong nhng s c m t trong bng sau, nu bo qua Driver_
prompt,SQL.REQUEST s s dng s 2 lm gi tri mc inh.

Driver_ prompt M t

1 Hp thoi Driver lun c hin thi.

2 Hp thoi Driver lun c hin thi chi khi no thng tin c cung cp
bi connection_string v phn t t ngun d liu khng qu nhiu
hon tt kt ni.Tt c cc tu chn u s dng c.

3 Hp thoi Driver lun c hin thi chi khi no thng tin c cung cp
bi connection_string v phn t t ngun d liu khng qu nhiu
hon tt kt ni.Cc tru chn s bi m i v khng s dng c nu
nh chng khng c yu cu.

4 Hp thoi Driver lun c hin thi. Nu chui kt ni khng thnh

cng,n s tr v mt li.

Query_text: L cu lch SQL cn thc thi trn ngun d liu;

Nu SQL.REQUEST khng th thc thi Query_text tr ngun d liu c chi inh, n s
tr v mt gi tri li #N/A!.
C th cp nhp mt query bng cch mc ni cc tham chiu vo Query_text. Trong v
d sau, mi ln A$3$ thay i,SQL.REQUEST dng gi tri mi o cp nhp lai query.
SELECT Name FROM Customers WHERE Balance>&$A$3&,
Microsoft excel gii hn di chui l 255 k t. Nu Query_text vt qu di ny. Hy nhp
query trong mt dy theo chiu thng ng. V dng ton b day nh l Query_text. Gi tri ca
cc o s c mc ni to thnh cu lch SQL y .
Col_names_logical: Cho bit l tn cc ct co c tr v dng th nht ca kt qu hay khng,
thit lp i s ny thnh true nu mun tn ct c tr v dng th nht ca kt qu, dng
false nu mun tn ct khng c tr v, nu Col_names_logical c bo qua,
SQL.REQUEST s khng tr v tn ct.

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Hm Add-Ins & Hm Ngoi (Add-Ins & Dde Functions) Gii Php Excel | 408

Gi tr tr v:
Nu hm hon tt ton b cng vic ca n, n s tr v mt mng kt qu hoc l s dng
bi tc ng bi query.
Nu SQL.REQUEST khng kt ni c vi ngun d liu bng cch dng
connection_string, n tr v ga tri li #N/A!.
Lu :
SQL.REQUEST c th c nhp dng mng.khi nhp SQL.REQUEST dng mng,
n s tr v mt mng cho ph hp vi day o.
Nu dy ln hn tp kt qu, SQL.REQUEST s thm vo kt qu mt s rng to
cho kt qu c kch thc cn thit.
Nu tp kt qu ln hn day c nhp vo dng mng. SQL.REQUEST tr v ton b
mng.
V d:
Gi s bn ang cn to mt truy vn truy vn mt c s d liu DBASE, c tn l DBASE4,
khi nhp cng thc sau vo mt . Mt mng kt qu s c tr v, vi dng th nht l tn ct.
=SQL.REQUEST(DSN=NWIND;DBQ=C:\msquery;FIL=dBASE4,c15,2,Select
custmr_ID,Due_Date from Orders WHERE order_Amt>100,TRUE).

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Hm Khi (Cube Functions) Gii Php Excel | 409

II.12. HM KHI (CUBE FUNCTIONS)

L cc hm tm v np d liu t SQL Server Analysis Services (k t phin bn 2000) vo bng
tinh, bao gm cc thnh phn, cc tp hp, cc gi tri tng hp, KPI (Key Performance Indicator)
t khi OLAP (On Line Analytical Processing). Cc d liu thu v ny co th t bt k u trong
bng tinh v co th tinh ton bnh thng bng cc hm trong Excel. Nhom hm Cube chi co
Excel 2007 bao gm 7 hm:

CUBEKPIMEMBER

Tr v thuc tinh chi s hiu sut then cht (KPI) v hin thi tn KPI trong . KPI l mt s o co
th inh lng c, chng hn nh lai gp hng thng hoc s lng lun chuyn nhn vin,
dng theo di hiu sut ca mt t chc.

C php: = CUBEKPIMEMBER(connection, kpi_name, kpi_property, [caption])

Connection Bt buc. Chui vn bn tn ca kt ni ti khi.

Kpi_name Bt buc. Chui vn bn ca tn KPI trong khi.

Kpi_property Bt buc. Thnh phn KPI c tr v v co th l mt trong cc dng sau:

S NGUYN HNG S LIT K M T

1 KPIValue Gi tr thc t

2 KPIGoal Gi tr mc tiu

3 KPIStatus Trng thi ca KPI ti mt thi im c th

4 KPITrend Mt s o gi tr theo thi gian

5 KPIWeight Tm quan trng tng i c gn cho KPI

6 KPICurrentTimeMember Bi cnh thi gian cho KPI

Nu bn chi r Gi tri KPI cho thuc tinh kpi, th chi co tn kpi c hin thi trong .

Caption Ty chn. Mt chui vn bn thay th c hin thi trong thay cho kpi_name v
kpi_property.

Lu :
Khi hm CUBEKPIMEMBER inh tri, no tm thi hin thi thng bo "#ANG LY D
LIU" trong cho n khi a truy xut c tt c d liu.
dng KPI trong mt php tinh, hay chi r hm CUBEKPIMEMBER l mt i s biu
thc phn t trong hm CUBEVALUE.
Nu tn kt ni khng phi l mt kt ni s lm vic hp l c lu gi trong s lm
vic, th hm CUBEKPIMEMBER tr v gi tri li #NAME? . Nu my ch X l Phn

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Hm Khi (Cube Functions) Gii Php Excel | 410

tich Trc tuyn (OLAP) khng chy, khng kh dng hoc tr v mt thng bo li, th
hm CUBEKPIMEMBER tr v gi tri li #NAME? .
Hm CUBEKPIMEMBER tr v gi tri li #N/A khi tn kpi hoc thuc tinh kpi khng
hp l.
Hm CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY co th tr v gi tri li #N/A nu bn tham chiu n
mt i tng theo phin, chng hn nh mt phn t c tinh hoc mt tp a t tn,
trong mt PivotTable khi chia s mt kt ni v PivotTable o bi xoa bo hoc bn chuyn
i PivotTable thnh cng thc. (Trn tab Options, trong nhm Tools, bm OLAP Tools,
ri bm Convert to Formulas.)

V d:
=CUBEKPIMEMBER("Sales","MySalesKPI",1)

=CUBEKPIMEMBER("Sales","MySalesKPI", KPIGoal,"Sales KPI Goal")

CUBEMEMBER

Tr v mt phn t hoc mt b t khi. Dng xc thc rng phn t hoc b tn ti trong khi.

C php: =CUBEMEMBER(connection, member_expression, [caption])

Connection Bt buc. Chui vn bn tn ca kt ni ti khi.

member_expression Bt buc. Mt chui vn bn biu thc a chiu (DMX) inh tri mt phn
t duy nht trong khi. Theo cch khc, member_expression co th l mt b, c xc inh nh
l mt phm vi hoc mt hng s mng.

Caption Ty chn. Mt chui vn bn c hin thi trong thay cho ch thich t , nu nh co

mt ch thich c xc inh t khi. Khi mt b c tr v, ch thich c dng l ch thich
cho phn t cui cng trong b.

Lu :
Khi hm CUBEMEMBER inh tri, no tm thi hin thi thng bo "#ANG LY D
LIU" trong cho n khi a truy xut c tt c d liu.
Khi bn dng hm CUBEMEMBER lm i s cho mt hm CUBE khc, biu thc MDX
vn xc inh phn t hoc b s c dng bi hm CUBE, ch khng phi gi tri hin
thi trong ca hm CUBEMEMBER.
Nu tn kt ni khng phi l mt kt ni s lm vic hp l c lu gi trong s lm
vic, th hm CUBEMEMBER tr v gi tri li #NAME? . Nu my ch X l Phn tich
Trc tuyn (OLAP) khng chy, khng kh dng hoc tr v mt thng bo li, th hm
CUBEMEMBER tr v gi tri li #NAME? .
Nu it nht mt thnh phn trong b khng hp l, th hm CUBEMEMBER tr v gi tri
li #VALUE! .
Nu member_expression di hn 255 k t, m o l gii hn ca mt i s trong hm,
th hm CUBEMEMBER tr v gi tri li #VALUE! . dng cc chui vn bn di hn
255 k t, bn hay nhp chui vn bn vo mt (gii hn ca l 32.767 k t), ri dng
tham chiu lm i s.
Hm CUBEMEMBER tr v gi tri li #N/A khi:

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Hm Khi (Cube Functions) Gii Php Excel | 411

C php member_expression khng chnh xc.

Phn t c xc inh bi chui vn bn MDX khng tn ti trong khi.
B khng hp l v khng co giao ct cho cc gi tri c chi inh. (iu ny co th xy
ra vi nhiu thnh phn ca cng mt cu trc phn cp).
Tp hp co cha it nht mt phn t co kich thc khc vi cc phn t khc.
Hm CUBEMEMBER co th tr v gi tri li #N/A nu bn tham chiu n mt i tng
theo phin, chng hn nh mt phn t c tinh hoc mt tp a t tn, trong mt
PivotTable khi chia s mt kt ni v PivotTable o bi xoa bo hoc bn chuyn i
PivotTable thnh cng thc. (Trn tab Options, trong nhm Tools, bm OLAP Tools, ri
bm Convert to Formulas.)

V d:
=CUBEMEMBER("Sales","[Time].[Fiscal].[2004]")

=CUBEMEMBER($A$1,D$12)

=CUBEMEMBER("Sales",(B4, C6, D5),"SalesFor2004")

=CUBEMEMBER("xlextdat8 FoodMart 2000 Sales","([Product].[Food],[Time].[1997])")

=CUBEMEMBER($A$1,C$12:D$12)

CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY

Tr v gi tri ca mt thuc tinh phn t trong khi. Dng xc thc rng mt tn phn t tn
ti trong khi v tr v thuc tinh c chi inh cho phn t ny.

C php: =CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY(connection,member_expression,p roperty)

Connection Bt buc. Chui vn bn ca tn kt ni ti khi.

Member_expression Bt buc. Chui vn bn biu thc a chiu (MDX) ca mt phn t trong

mt khi.

Property Bt buc. Chui vn bn tn ca thuc tinh c tr v hoc tham chiu ti mt co

cha tn ca thuc tnh.

Lu :
Khi hm CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY inh tri, no tm thi hin thi thng bo "#ANG
LY D LIU" trong cho n khi a truy xut c tt c d liu.
Nu tn kt ni khng phi l mt kt ni s lm vic hp l c lu gi trong s lm
vic, th hm CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY tr v gi tri li #NAME? . Nu my ch X
l Phn tich Trc tuyn (OLAP) khng chy, khng kh dng hoc tr v mt thng bo
li, th hm CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY tr v gi tri li #NAME? .
Nu c php member_expression khng chinh xc hoc nu phn t c chi ra trong
member_expression khng tn ti trong khi, th CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY s tr v
gi tri li #N/A.

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Hm Khi (Cube Functions) Gii Php Excel | 412

Hm CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY co th tr v gi tri li #N/A nu bn tham chiu n

mt i tng theo phin, chng hn nh mt phn t c tinh hoc mt tp a t tn,
trong mt PivotTable khi chia s mt kt ni v PivotTable o bi xoa bo hoc bn chuyn
i PivotTable thnh cng thc. (Trn tab Options, trong nhm Tools, bm OLAP Tools,
ri bm Convert to Formulas.)

V d:
=CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY("Sales","[Time].[Fiscal].[2004]",$A$3)

=CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY("Sales","[Store].[MyFavoriteStore]","[Store].[Store
Name].[Store Sqft]")

CUBERANKEDMEMBER

Tr v phn t th n hoc c xp hng trong mt tp hp. Dng tr v mt hoc cc thnh

phn trong mt tp hp, chng hn nh nhn vin kinh doanh ng u hoc 10 hc sinh ng
u.

C php: =CUBERANKEDMEMBER(connection,set_expression,rank, [caption])

Connection Bt buc. Chui vn bn tn ca kt ni ti khi.

Set_expression Bt buc. Mt chui vn bn ca mt biu thc tp hp, chng hn nh

"{[Item1].children}". member_expression cng co th l hm CUBESET, hoc tham chiu ti mt
co cha hm CUBESET.

Rank Bt buc. Mt gi tri s nguyn cho bit gi tri cao nht cn tr v. Nu th hng l gi tri
1, no tr v gi tri cao nht, nu th hng l gi tri 2, no tr v gi tri cao th hai, v.v. tr v 5
gi tri cao nht, hay dng hm CUBERANKEDMEMBER nm ln, mi ln chi ra mt th hng
khc nhau, t 1 n 5.

caption Ty chn. Mt chui vn bn c hin thi trong thay cho ch thich t , nu nh co

mt ch thich c xc inh t khi.

Lu :
Khi hm CUBERANKEDMEMBER inh tri, no tm thi hin thi thng bo "#ANG
LY D LIU" trong cho n khi a truy xut c tt c d liu.
Nu tn kt ni khng phi l mt kt ni s lm vic hp l c lu gi trong s lm
vic, th hm CUBERANKEDMEMBER tr v gi tri li #NAME? . Nu my ch X l
Phn tich Trc tuyn (OLAP) khng chy, khng kh dng hoc tr v mt thng bo li,
th hm CUBERANKEDMEMBER tr v gi tri li #NAME? .
Hm CUBERANKEDMEMBER tr v gi tri li #N/A khi c php ca
member_expression khng chinh xc hoc khi tp hp co cha it nht mt phn t co kich
thc khc vi cc phn t khc.

V d:
=CUBERANKEDMEMBER("Sales",$D$4,1,"Top Month")

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Hm Khi (Cube Functions) Gii Php Excel | 413

=CUBERANKEDMEMBER("Sales",CUBESET("Sales","Summer","[2004].[June]","[2004].[Jul
y]","[2004].[August]"),3,"Top Month")

Ghi ch: tr v n gi tri di dng, bn hay dng cc i s sort_order v sort_by ca hm

CUBESET o ngc th t ca tp hp sao cho gi tri trn cng trong tp hp a sp xp l
nhng gi tri di cng. Vi d, CUBERANKEDMEMBER ("Sales", $D$4,1) tr v phn t cui
cng, CUBERANKEDMEMBER ("Sales", $D$4, 2) tr v phn t st vi phn t cui cng, v.v.

CUBESET

Xc inh mt tp hp phn t c tinh hoc b bng cch gi mt biu thc tp hp ti khi trn
my ch, to tp hp ri tr tp hp o v Microsoft Excel.

C php: =CUBESET(connection,set_expression, caption,sort_order, [sort_by])

Connection Bt buc. Chui vn bn tn ca kt ni ti khi.

Set_expression Bt buc. Mt chui vn bn set_expression tr v kt qu l mt tp hp cc

phn t hoc cc b. Set_expression cng co th l mt tham chiu ti mt phm vi Excel co
cha mt hoc nhiu phn t, b hoc tp hp c bao gm trong tp hp o.

Caption Ty chn. Mt chui vn bn c hin thi trong thay cho ch thich t , nu nh co

mt ch thich c xc inh.

Sort_order Ty chn. Kiu sp xp, nu co, cn thc hin v co th l mt trong cc kiu sau
y:

S HNG S LIT K M T SORT_BY

0 SortNone Gi nguyn tp hp theo th t hin ti. Bo qua

1 SortAscending Sp xp theo th t tng dn theo sort_by. Bt buc

2 SortDescending Sp xp theo th t gim dn theo sort_by. Bt buc

3 SortAlphaAscending Sp xp tp hp theo th t alpha tng dn. Bo qua

4 Sort_Alpha_Descending Sp xp tp hp theo th t alpha gim dn. Bo qua

5 Sort_Natural_Ascending Sp xp tp hp theo th t t nhin tng dn. Bo qua

6 Sort_Natural_Descending Sp xp tp hp theo th t t nhin gim dn. Bo qua

Gi tri mc inh l 0. Sp xp alpha cho mt tp hp gm nhiu b s sp xp theo thnh phn

cui cng trong mi b. bit thm thng tin v nhng th t sp xp khc nhau ny, hay xem
h thng tr gip Dich v Phn tich Microsoft Office SQL.

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Hm Khi (Cube Functions) Gii Php Excel | 414

Sort_by Ty chn. Mt chui vn bn gm cc gi tri cn sp xp theo o. Vi d, co c

thnh ph co doanh thu ln nht, set_expression phi l mt tp hp cc thnh ph v sort_by l
s o v doanh thu. Hoc co c thnh ph ng dn nht, set_expression phi l mt tp hp
cc thnh ph v sort_by l s dn. Nu sort_order yu cu phi co sort_by, v sort_by c bo
qua, th CUBESET tr v thng bo li #VALUE!.

Lu :
Khi hm CUBESET inh tri, no tm thi hin thi thng bo "#ANG LY D LIU"
trong cho n khi a truy xut c tt c d liu.
Nu tn kt ni khng phi l mt kt ni s lm vic hp l c lu gi trong s lm
vic, th hm CUBESET tr v gi tri li #NAME? . Nu my ch X l Phn tich Trc
tuyn (OLAP) khng chy, khng sn co hoc tr v mt thng bo li, th hm CUBESET
tr v gi tri li #NAME?.
Nu c php set_expression khng chinh xc hoc tp hp co cha it nht mt phn t co
kich thc khc vi cc phn t khc, th hm CUBESET tr v gi tri li #N/A.
Nu set_expression di hn 255 k t, m o l gii hn ca mt i s trong hm, th hm
CUBESET tr v gi tri li #VALUE! . dng cc chui vn bn di hn 255 k t, bn
hay nhp chui vn bn vo mt (gii hn ca l 32.767 k t), ri dng tham chiu
lm i s.
Hm CUBESET co th tr v gi tri li #N/A nu bn tham chiu n mt i tng theo
phin, chng hn nh mt phn t c tinh hoc mt tp a t tn, trong mt PivotTable
khi chia s mt kt ni, v PivotTable o bi xoa bo hoc bn chuyn i PivotTable thnh
cng thc. (Trn tab Options, trong nhm Tools, bm OLAP Tools, ri bm Convert to
Formulas.)

V d:
=CUBESET("Finance","Order([Product].[Product].[Product
Category].Members,[Measures].[Unit Sales],ASC)","Products")

=CUBESET("Sales","[Product].[All Products].Children","Products",1,"[Measures].[Sales
Amount]")

CUBESETCOUNT

Tr v s phn t trong mt tp hp

C php: =CUBESETCOUNT(set)

Set Bt buc. Mt chui vn bn ca biu thc Microsoft Excel m biu thc ny inh tri mt
gi tri c xc inh bi hm CUBESET. Tp hp cng co th l hm CUBESET, hoc tham
chiu ti mt co cha hm CUBESET.

Lu :
Khi hm CUBESETCOUNT inh tri, no tm thi hin thi thng bo "#ANG LY D
LIU" trong cho n khi a truy xut c tt c d liu.

V d:
=CUBESETCOUNT(A3)

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Hm Khi (Cube Functions) Gii Php Excel | 415

=CUBESETCOUNT(CUBESET("Sales","[Product].[All
Products].Children","Products",1,"[Measures].[Sales Amount]"))

CUBEVALUE

Tr v gi tri tng hp t khi.

C php: =CUBEVALUE(connection,member_expression1,member_ex pression2)

Connection Bt buc. Chui vn bn tn ca kt ni ti khi.

Member_expression Ty chn. Mt chui vn bn biu thc a chiu (DMX) inh tri mt phn
t hoc mt b trong khi. Hoc theo cch khc, biu thc phn t co th l mt tp hp c xc
inh vi hm CUBESET. Hay dng biu thc phn t nh mt slicer xc inh phn ca khi
m gi tri tng hp cho no c tr v. Nu khng c s o no c xc inh trong biu thc
phn t, th s dng s o mc inh ca khi o.

Lu :
Khi hm CUBEVALUE inh tri, n tm thi hin thi thng bo "#ANG LY D
LIU" trong cho n khi a truy xut c tt c d liu.
Nu tham chiu c dng cho biu thc phn t v tham chiu o co cha hm CUBE,
th biu thc phn t s dng biu thc MDX cho mc trong c tham chiu, ch khng
phi l gi tri hin thi trong c tham chiu o.
Nu tn kt ni khng phi l mt kt ni s lm vic hp l c lu gi trong s lm
vic, th hm CUBEVALUE tr v gi tri li #NAME? . Nu my ch X l Phn tch
Trc tuyn (OLAP) khng chy, khng kh dng hoc tr v mt thng bo li, th hm
CUBEVALUE tr v gi tri li #NAME? .
Nu t nht mt thnh phn trong b khng hp l, th hm CUBEVALUE tr v gi tri li
#VALUE! .
Hm CUBEVALUE tr v gi tri li #N/A khi:
C php biu thc phn t khng chinh xc.
Phn t c xc inh bi biu thc phn t khng tn ti trong khi.
B khng hp l v khng c giao ct cho cc gi tri c chi inh. (iu ny c th xy
ra vi nhiu thnh phn ca cng mt cu trc phn cp).
Tp hp c cha t nht mt phn t co kich thc khc vi cc phn t khc.
Hm CUBEVALUE c th tr v gi tri li #N/A nu bn tham chiu n mt i tng
theo phin, chng hn nh mt phn t c tinh hoc mt tp hp c tn, trong mt
PivotTable khi chia s mt kt ni, v PivotTable o bi xa bo hoc bn chuyn i
PivotTable thnh cng thc. (Trn tab Options, trong nhm Tools, bm OLAP Tools, ri
bm Convert to Formulas.)

V d:
=CUBEVALUE("Sales","[Measures].[Profit]","[Time].[2004]","[All Product].[Beverages]")

=CUBEVALUE($A$1,"[Measures].[Profit]",D$12,$A23)

=CUBEVALUE("Sales",$B$7,D$12,$A23)

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II.13. HM WEB (WEB FUNCTIONS)

ENCODEURL (Excel 2013)

Tr v mt chui ma ho ca mt truy vn URL.

C php: =ENCODEURL(Text)

Text Mt chui URL cn ma ho.

V d: M ho chui Url B1

FILTERXML (Excel 2013)

Tr v d liu xc inh t ni dung XML bng cch dng XPath a xc inh.

C php: =FILTERXML(xml, xpath)

Xml Bt buc. Mt chui inh dng XML hp l.

Xpath Bt buc. Mt chui inh dng XPath chun.

Lu :
Nu xml khng hp l, FILTERXML tr v gi tri li #VALUE! .
Nu xml cha khng gian tn co tin t khng hp l, FILTERXML tr v gi tri li
#VALUE! .

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V d:

WEBSERVICE (Excel 2013)

Tr v d liu t mt dich v web trn Internet hoc Intranet.

C php: =WEBSERVICE(url)

Url Bt buc. URL ca dich v web.

Lu :
Nu cc i s khng th tr v d liu, WEBSERVICE tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.
Nu cc i s trong chui khng hp l hoc cha nhiu hn gii hn cho php 32767
k t, WEBSERVICE tr v gi tri li #VALUE!.
Nu url l chui cha nhiu hn 2048 k t cho yu cu GET, WEBSERVICE tr v gi
tri li #VALUE!.
i vi cc giao thc khng c h tr, vi d: ftp:// hoc file://, WEBSERVICE tr v
#VALUE!

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V d: Ly d liu RSS t trang web giaiphapexcel.com

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Cc Khi Nim V Cng Thc Mng Gii Php Excel | 419

Phn III
S DNG HM MNG TRONG EXCEL

III.1. CC KHI NIM V CNG THC MNG

Mt trong nhng tinh nng c o v mnh m nht ca Excel chinh l kh nng tinh ton vi
cc mng d liu trong cng thc. Khi hiu r c khi nim ny s gip chng ta to ra c
cc cng thc thc hin cc php tinh kho mt cch k diu. Bi vit ny s gii thiu cc khi
nim v cc mng s liu m bt k ai nu mun tr thnh chuyn gia s dng cng thc trong
Excel u phi bit v no, ngoi ra trong bi cng trnh by cc vi d v cng thc mng rt hu
ch.

Nu bn a tng lp trnh trn bt k ngn ng lp trnh no th chc bn cng a nghe n khi

nim mng (array). Mt array n thun chi l mt tp hp cc phn t co quan h hay c lp
vi nhau. Trong Excel, mt array co th l array mt chiu hoc array hai chiu. Chiu ca array
y chinh l chi cc dng v ct trong array. Vi d nh array mt chiu th co th hiu o l mt
vng (range) s liu trn bng tinh m vng ny s co mt dng (khi array nm ngang) hoc mt
ct (array nm dc). Mt array hai chiu co th hiu o l mt vng s liu trn bng tinh (co dng
hnh ch nht) bao gm nhiu dng v nhiu ct. Excel khng h tr array 3-chiu (VBA th h
tr).

Cng thc mng khng cn lu tr cc s liu trong qu trnh tinh ton trong cc (cell), m Excel
s x l cc mng s liu ny trong b nh my tinh. Sau o cc cng thc mng s ly kt qu
tinh ton tr v trn bng tinh. Mt cng thc mng co th tr v kt qu l nhiu (range) hay
chi mt .

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III.1.1. Cng thc mng tr kt qu v mt vng nhiu

Hnh minh ho bn di trnh bay vi d n gin v vic tinh ton ct Total (Tng doanh thu ca
mt loi sn phm), thng thng tinh ct Total (ct D) ny bn s nhp vo cng thc sau:

Ti D2 nhp vo cng thc =B2*C2 sau o chp xung D3:D7

Tinh ct [Total] = [Units Sold] * [Unit Price]

tinh cho ct Total y chng ta dng ti 6 cng thc. Ngoi cch ny chng ta co th dng 1
cng thc mng tinh ra kt qu cho c ct Total v lu kt qu tr v ti D2:D7.

to mt cng thc mng tinh ton cho trng hp ny hay lm theo cc bc sau:

1. Chn vng cc s lu kt qu tr v ca cng thc mng, trong vi d ny chn vng

D2:D7.
2. Nhp vo cng thc sau =B2:B7*C2:C7 (sau khi chn vng th g cng thc ny vo)
3. V y l cng thc mng bn hay nhn t hp phim Ctrl+Shift+Enter nhn kt qu
cng thc tr v. (Cng thc thng thng th chi cn Enter)

Lc ny ton b vng D2:D7 a co kt qu tinh ton v khi vo xem th s co cng thc nh sau:

{=B2:B7*C2:C7}

Lu , Excel s t cp ngoc moc bao quanh cng thc chi y l cng thc mng.

Cng thc mng trn khi tinh ton no s dng d liu t hai mng o l mng cha s liu v
[Units Sold] c lu ti vng ia chi B2:B7 v mng cha s liu v [Unit Price] c lu ti
vng ia chi C2:C7 trong bng tinh.

V ng vi mi mt hng s co mt kt qu Total khc nhau, nn o l l do chng ta phi chn

trc vng ia chi D2:D7 lu tr kt qu tr v ca cng thc mng.

Cng thc mng ny tr v kt qu hon ton chinh xc cng ging nh kt qu tr v t 6 cng

thc ring l sau:

=B2*C2
=B3*C3
=B4*C4
=B5*C5
=B6*C6
=B7*C7

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S dng cng thc mng thay cho cng thc n co mt s u im nh:

L cch tinh ton m bo s chinh xc v kt qu (trnh trng hp v tnh sao chp sai
cng thc do chy ia chi tham chiu)
Dng cng thc mng trnh c vic v tnh xo hay lm thay i cng thc trong mt
no o ca vng cng thc mng. V cng thc mng khng cho php xo, sa cha mt
trong vng cng thc mng.
Dng cng thc mng s gip trnh trng hp ngi cha thnh tho Excel lm xo
trng cc cng thc ca bn.

III.1.2. Cng thc mng tr kt qu v mt

By gi chng ta cn tinh Tng doanh thu ca tt c cc sn phm, tuy nhin yu cu l tinh ton
cn c vo ct [Units Sold] v [Unit Price] bng cng thc mng (ngha l khng tinh ton thng
qua ct Total). Khi o chng ta co th dng cng thc mng sau:

Ti D8 bn nhp vo cng thc: =SUM(B2:B7*C2:C7) v kt thc bng t hp phim

Ctrl+Shift+Enter. Khi o cng thc trong D8 co dng sau {=SUM(B2:B7*C2:C7)}

Cng thc mng ny tr v kt qu tinh ton tng doanh thu cho tt c cc sn phm trong mt
D8. Cng thc ny cng tinh ton cn c vo 2 mng s liu c lu trong vng B2:B7 v C2:C7,
trong qu trnh tinh ton cng thc mng s to ra trong b nh mt mng s liu mi cha kt
qu ca php nhn cc cp s liu, sau o hm SUM c dng cng tt c cc phn t trong
mng mi ny v tr v mt gi tri duy nht lu vo D8.

Trong trng hp ny chng ta cng co th dng cng thc thng thng l hm SUMPRODUCT
nh sau:

Ti D8 nhp vo cng thc =SUMPRODUCT(B2:B7,C2:C7) sau o Enter.

Mng mt chiu

Ta co th xem mng mt chiu l mt hng (mng ngang) hay mt ct (mng dc). Cc phn t
trong mng mt chiu (mng ngang) c cch bit nhau bng mt du phy, v trong mng dc
c cch nhau bng du chm phy.

V d: {1,2,3,4,5} (mng ngang) v {10;20;30;40;50} (mng dc)

Hay {"Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"} (phn t l Text dng chui)

hin thi mt mng mt chiu 5 phn t theo dng ngang hay dc, ta cn 5 lin tc trn cng
mt hng hay mt ct

V d: To mng 1 chiu
Ta chn 5 t B3:F3, nhp: ={1,2,3,4,5} v nhn Ctrl+Shift+Enter
Ta chn 5 t B6:B10, nhp: ={10;20;30;40;50} v nhn Ctrl+shift+Enter
Ta chn 7 t B13:H13, nhp ={"Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"} v nhn
Ctrl+shift+Enter

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Mng mt chiu ngang v dc

Cc phn t trong mng s ln lt c nhp vo 5 lin tc theo th t trong mng. Nu trong

mng chi co 5 phn t nhng ta chn nhiu hn 5 nhp mng th t th 6 s cho gi tri #N/A

Mng li

Mng hai chiu

Mng hai chiu l mt hnh ch nht bao gm nhiu hng v nhiu ct. Tng t nh mng mt
chiu, ta s dng cc du phy ngn cch cc phn t trong cng mt hng v du chm phy
ngn cch cc phn t trong cng mt ct.

V d : To mng 2 chiu sau {1,2,3,4;5,6,7,8;9,10,11,12}

hin thi mng ny trn bng tinh, ta chn vng A1:D3, nhp :
={1,2,3,4;5,6,7,8;9,10,11,12} v nhn Ctrl+Shift+Enter

To mng 2 chiu

Cng vy, nu bn nhp mt mng vo mt day vn co cc nhiu hn cc phn t mng, Excel

s hin thi #N/A trong cc trng cn li.

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Mng li

Hng mng

Bn co th to mt hng mng, t cho no mt ci tn, sau o s dng mng c t tn ny cho

cng thc. Vi d: Ta co hng mng nh sau: {1,0,1,0,1}. Cng thc sau s dng hm SUM vi
hng mng ng trc l i s ca no. Cng thc tr v tng ca cc gi tri trong mng ( y l
3). Cng thc ny s dng mng l i s nhng khng phi l cng thc mng:
=SUM({1,0,1,0,1}) v cng thc ny co cng kt qu vi cng thc sau =SUM(1,0,1,0,1). Vo
thi im ny, co th bn cha thy u im ca vic s dng hng mng.

Cng thc sau s dng hai hng mng: =SUM({1,2,3,4}*{5,6,7,8}). Cng thc ny s to ra mt
mng mi trong b nh my tinh nh sau :{5,12,21,32} v sau o mng ny li l i s cho hm
SUM v tr v kt qu l 70. Bn s thy cng thc trn tng t nh cng thc sau :
=SUM(1*5,2*6,3*7,4*8) khng l cng thc mng.

Mt cng thc mng c th tnh tan trn cc mng s liu lu tr trn bng tnh v hng mng.
V d nh cng thc =SUM((A1:D1*{1,2,3,4})), cng thc ny tng ng vi cng thc
=SUM(A1*1,B1*2,C1*3,D1*4). (A1:D2 l mng ngang lu tr trn bng tnh).

Mt hng mng s khng cha cc cng thc, cc hm, cc gi tri co cha du dollar, du phy,
chm phy... Sau y l mt hng mng khng hp l: {SUM(3,2),$56,12,5%}

t tn cho hng mng

Vic t tn cho hng mng c thng qua hp thai Insert/Name/Define (Excel 2007 vo Ribbon
| Formulas | Defined Names | Define Name.). Gi nhanh hp thai Name Manager (Ctrl+F3), chn
nhanh Name vo cng thc nhn F3.

Tn ca mng t ti hp Name: Vi d ta t tn l DayNames

Scope: Chn phm vi hat ng ca Name
Ti hp Refers to ta t du ={"Sun","Mon","Tue","Wed","Thu","Fri","Sat"}

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t tn cho hng mng

Nu by gi, ta chn day A1:G1 v nhp cng thc mng sau :{=DayNames}, ta s thy cc phn
t ca mng ln lt hin ra trong cc ny.

S dng tn hng mng vo cng thc

chuyn mng ny thnh mng dc, ta dng cng thc: ={TRANSPOSE(DayNames)}

truy cp tng phn t ring l ca mng, ta dng hm: =INDEX(DayNames,4) s cho kt qu

l Wed.

III.2. CC THAO TC VI CNG THC MNG

Phn ny s trnh by cc thao tc i vi cc cha cng thc mng trong bng tnh.

III.2.1. To mt mng t cc gi tr trong mt day

Gi s ta co mt tp s d liu c nhp vo A1:C4. Ta chn day D8:F11, v nhp vo cng thc

mng : {=A1:C4}. Mng D8:F11 by gi s cha nhng d liu lin kt vi mng A1:C4, mi
thay i gi tri bt k trong A1:C4, th tng ng trong D8:F11 cng phn nh s thay i theo.

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Tham chiu mt tp s liu bng cng thc mng

III.2.2. To mt hng mng t cc gi tr trong mt day

trn, ta a co cng thc mng trong D8:F11 lin kt vi cc trong mng A1:C4, by gi ta s
ct t s lin kt ny to ra mt hng mng gm cc gi tri trong A1:C4. thc hin, chng
ta lm nh sau :
Chn mng D8:F11
Nhn F2 hiu chinh cng thc mng
Nhn F9 chuyn i cc tham chiu thnh cc gi tri
Nhn Ctrl+Shift+Enter nhp li cng thc mng
Ta s thy cc gi tri ca hng mng trn thanh cng thc

III.2.3. Chn mt day cng thc mng

Ta co th chn bng tay, hoc dng Edit/Go to (hoc nhn F5), nhp nt Special, sau o chn
Current array, nhp OK ong hp thai. (Excel 2007 th bn chn vo vng cng thc mng |
Ribbon | Home | Editing | Find & Select | Go | To Special | chn Current Array.)

III.2.4. Hiu chnh mt cng thc mng

Bn khng th thay i ni dung ca bt k no vn to nn mt cng thc mng (nu l

mng nhiu ).
Bn khng th xoa cc vn hnh thnh ca mt cng thc mng (nhng bn co th xoa
tan b mt mng)
Bn khng th chn cc mi vo mt day mng (ngha l chn hng v chn ct)

Excel cnh bo khi bn sa i mt thnh phn thuc mng

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hiu chinh cng thc mng, bn chn tt c cc trong day mng, kich hat thanh cng thc
hay nhn F2, Excel s lai bo cc du ngoc moc, v khi bn hiu chinh xong, bn s nhn
Ctrl+Shift+Enter kt thc.

III.2.5. M rng v thu hp cng thc mng nhiu

Bn lm theo trnh t sau:
Chn tan b vng cha cng thc mng trn bng tnh.
Nhn F2 vo ch hiu chinh
Nhn Ctrl+Enter chuyn v dng cng thc thng cho tt c cc ang chn.
Chn li vng xut kt qu cng thc mng mi (m rng hay thu hp)
Nhn F2 vo ch hiu chinh
Nhn Ctrl+Shift+Enter

III.3. V D V NG DNG
III.3.1. Cng thc mng tr kt qu v mt

m cc k t trong mt day

Gi s bn co mt day , cha cc d liu dng Text t A1:A8, by gi bn cn m tng s k

t co trong day trn. Nu khng dng cng thc mng, bn s phi dng mt ct ph, thi d ct B
t B1:B8. Ti B1, bn nhp cng thc B1=LEN(A1) v sao chp cng thc xung n B8. Sau
o, ti B9, bn dng cng thc tinh tng: =SUM(B1:B8)

thay th cho tt c cng vic trn, ta dng cng thc mng ngay ti Cell D1
{=SUM(LEN(A1:A8)}. cng thc mng s dng hm LEN to ra mt mng mi (trong b
nh) gm s k t trong mi ca day ri sau o, tinh tng ca day.

m cc Text trong mt day

Cng thc mng sau y dng hm IF kim tra tng mt trong day. Sau o, no to ra mt
mng mi (co cng kich c v cc chiu vi mng gc) gm cc s 0 v 1 ph thuc vo o co

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cha d liu Text hay khng. Mng mi ny c chuyn sang hm SUM tinh tng cc trong
mng v cho kt qu l s Text c m trong day.

Cc cng thc mng di cho kt qu nh nhau:

{=SUM(IF(ISTEXT(A11:D15),1,0))}
Hay : {=SUM(ISTEXT(A11:D15)*1)}
Hay: {=SUM(ISTEXT(A11:D15)+0)}
Hay: {=SUM(--ISTEXT(A11:D15))}

Lu : True*1=1; False*1=0; x*1=x; x+0=x; --x=x

m cc li trong mt day
Tng t cng thc trn, ta dng cng thc sau m co li trong mt day:

{=SUM(IF(ISERROR(A3:D14),1,0))}
Hay: {=SUM(IF(ISERROR(A3:D15),1))}
Hay: {=SUM(ISERROR(A3:D14)*1)}

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Tnh tng mt day c cha cc li

Bn thy o, hm SUM ca Excel khng hat ng nu bn dng tinh tng mt day co cha
mt hoc nhiu gi tri li (#DIV/0! hoc #N/A). Cng thc mng sau y tr v tng ca mt day
ngay c day ny co cha cc li

{=SUM(IF(ISERROR(C1:C10),"", C1:C10)}

Tnh tng 3 gi tr nh nht trong mt day

Cng thc sau y tr v tng ca 3 gi tri nho nht trong mt day co tn l Data (t tn mng,
cc bn tham kho trong phn "Tn v nhan trong cng thc").
{=SUM(SMALL(Data, {1,2,3}))}

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Hm s dng mt hng mng lm i s th hai cho hm SMALL. Hm SMALL c tinh toan

3 ln vi 3 i s th hai khc bit l 1, 2, 3 tng ng vi cc gi tri nho nht, nho th hai, v
nho th ba trong day. Sau o, kt qu to ra mt mng mi gm 3 s hng nho nht trong day v
hm SUM s tinh li tng ca mng mi ny.

Tnh tng 3 gi tr ln nht trong mt day

Tng t, bn co th tinh tng ca 3 gi tri ln nht trong mt day nh sau
{=SUM(LARGE(Data, {1,2,3}))}

Tnh tng n gi tr ln nht trong mt day

{=SUM(LARGE(Data,ROW(INDIRECT("1:n"))))} (n: gi tri bn mun tinh )

Hm ROW(INDIRECT("1:n")) s to ra mt mng gm cc i s t 1 n n v hng mng ny

s c dng lm i s th hai cho hm LARGE nh a gii thich phn trn.

Tnh tng theo iu kin

Thng thng chng ta tnh tng da vo mt hay nhiu iu kin. Xt v d sau:

{=SUM(IF(DATA>0,DATA))}

Hm IF s to ra mt mng chi cha cc s dng v gi tri FALSE. Sau o np vo hm SUM,

hm SUM bo qua cc gi tri FALSE v chi cng cc gi tri dng li cho ra kt qu. Cng thc
trn tng ng hm sau: =SUMIF(DATA,>0).

Khi c nhiu iu kin th Excel 2007 c hm SUMIFS. V d mun tnh tng cc gi tri ln hn
0 v nho hn hoc bng 5. Dng hm SUMIFS nh sau: =SUMIFS(DATA, DATA, <=5, DATA,
>0) v cng thc mng sau l tng ng:

{=SUM((DATA>0)*(DATA<=5)*DATA)}. Tuy nhin cng thc mng ny s bo li nu tp s

liu c cha chui

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Tnh bnh qun lai b gi tr 0

Mun tnh bnh qun cho tp s liu B5:B12 nhng loi bo cc s 0 hy nhp vo cng thc sau:
{=Average(If(Data<>0,Data))}

Hm ny s to ra mt mng trong b nh chi cha cc gi tri khc 0 v cc gi tri False. Sau o

np vo hm Average tnh ra trung bnh ca cc gi tri khc 0. Cng thc mng trn tng ng
vi cng thc sau: =SUM(Data)/CountIf(Data,<>0).

Kim tra Text cn tm c trong dy Text khng?

Cho mng tn A5:E24 (t tn l NameList) nh hnh bn di, ti C3 (t tn l TheName)

nhp vo tn cn tm, nu tn c trong mng th ti D3 hin ln ch Found (tm thy), cn khng
D3 hin ln Not Found (khng tm thy).

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Cng thc mng ti D3 l: {=IF(OR(Thename=NameList),Found,Not Found)}

Cng thc sau s cho kt qu tng ng.

=IF(COUNTIF(NameList,TheName)>0,"Found","Not Found")

So snh 2 day
iu kin so snh l 2 day phi co cng mt kich c v cng chiu vi nhau. Ta gi 2 day ny l
MyData v YourData. Cng thc mng sau y s cho kt qu co bao nhiu s phn t khc nhau
trong 2 day {=SUM(IF(MyData=YourData,0,1))}

Cng thc ny s to ra mt mng mi co cng kich c vi 2 mng ang c so snh. Hm IF s

lp y mng ny bng cc phn t 0, 1 (0 nu co mt phn t khc nhau c tm thy v 1 nu
cc phn t ca 2 day ging nhau). Sau o, hm SUM s tr v tng ca cc gi tri 0 trong mng
(s phn t khc nhau trong 2 day). Ta co th n gin hoa cng thc trn nh sau:
{=SUM(1*(MyData<>YourData))}

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Tr v v tr ca gi tr ln nht trong mng

Cng thc mng sau s tr v s dng ca ca gi tri ln nht trong mng dc mt chiu:

{=MIN(IF(Data=MAX(Data),ROW(Data), ""))}.

Nu mng Data cha nhiu hn 1 gi tri ln nht th dng cha gi tri ln nht u tin c chn.
Cng thc mng sau s tr v ia chi ca cha gi tri ln nht trong mng dc mt chiu:

{=ADDRESS(MIN(IF(Data=MAX(Data),ROW(Data), "")),COLUMN(Data))}

Nu mng c nhiu ct th dng cng thc sau:

{=ADDRESS(MIN(IF(Data=MAX(Data),ROW(Data),"")),MIN(IF(Data=MAX(Data),COLUM
N(Data),"")))}

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Tm s dng cha gi tr xut hin th n trong tng s ln xut hin ca gi tr trong

dy
Cng thc mng sau s tr v s dng cha gi tri xut hin th n trong tng s ln xut hin ca
gi tri trong dy dc

{=SMALL(IF(A4:A18=E4,ROW(A4:A18),""),E5)}

Hm If s to mt mng mi trong b nh cha s th t dng ca cc gi tri trong vng A4:A18

bng vi gi tri ca E4. Cc gi tri trong vng A4:A18 khng bng vi gi tri trong E4 s c
thay bng mt chui rng. Sau o hm SMALL s tm ra s dng nho th n trong tng s ln xut
hin ca gi tri trong dy.

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Hm s tr v li #NUM khi gi tri cn tm khng c trong dy hoc n ln hn tng s ln xut

hin.

Tr v chui di nht trong dy cc chui

Mun tm chui k t di nht trong cc chui thuc dy dng cng thc mng sau:

{=INDEX(Data,MATCH(MAX(LEN(Data)),LEN(Data),FALSE),1)}

Hm ny to ra hai mng cha di ca mi chui trong dai c to ra bng 2 hm LEN. Sau

o dng hm MAX xc inh gi tri ln nht, v hm MATCH s tnh ra vi tr trong dy s liu
cha chui di nht ny. Cui cng hm INDEX s tr v ni dung ca cha chui di nht.
Hm ny chi lm vic trn dy mt chiu dc.

Xc nh dy cha cc gi tr hp l hay khng

Bn c 2 dy s liu 1 v 2, bn mun kim tra xem cc phn t ca dy 1 (tn l MyList) c thuc
dy 2 (tn l Master) khng? Cng thc sau tr v TRUE nu ton b dy 1 thuc day 2, lu 2
dy s liu phi c b tr dng ct v khng bt buc s phn t bng nhau.

{=ISNA(MATCH(TRUE,ISNA(MATCH(MyList,Master,0)),0))}

Hm MATCH trn s so snh tng cp phn t trong MyList v Master, n s tr v mt dy

trong b nh my tnh cha cc con s v li #NA cho cc cp khng trng nhau. Sau o hm
ISNA s chuyn i dy gi tri trong b nh ny thnh cc gi tri lun l TRUE (#NA TRUE)
v FALSE. Tip theo hm MATCH pha ngoi s tm vi tr ca cc gi tri TRUE trong dy ca
ISNA va tr v, nu tm thy gi tri TRUE th ngay lp tc hm ISNA ngoi cng s tr v
FALSE (ngha co phn t ca MyList nm ngoi Master), cn nu khng tm thy gi tri TRUE
no th hm ISNA tr v TRUE (ngha l ton b phn t MyList u c trong Master).

Hm trn chi cho ta bit thng tin l mt danh sch ny c thuc hay khng thuc mt danh sch
khc, hm bn di s cho ta bit c bao nhiu phn t ca MyList khng thuc Master.

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{=SUM(1*ISNA(MATCH(MyList,Master,0)))}

Hm sau s cho bit phn t u tin trong MyList khng thuc Master l phn t no:

{=INDEX(MyList,MATCH(TRUE,ISNA(MATCH(MyList,Master,0)),0))}

Cng cc con s ca s nguyn

V d A1 cha s nguyn 8668, by gi chng ta mun cng cc con s ca s nguyn trn

8+6+6+8=28. thc hin iu o ta dng cng thc sau:

{=SUM(MID(A1,ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&LEN(A1))),1)*1)}

Cng thc ny khi tnh n s to ra mt dy s nguyn bt u l s 1 v kt thc l s cc con s

cha trong A1. V d A1 cha s 8668 th th hm LEN tr v s 4 v hm ROW khi tnh s to
ra mt mng cha cc gi tri {1,2,3,4}. Sau o kt qu t hm ROW s lm i s cho hm MID
nh sau:

{=MID(8668,{1,2,3,4},1)*1}
V cng thc trn sau khi tnh ton s tr v mng {8,6,6,8}

Sau o mng ny s lm i s cho hm SUM ngoi cng v tr v kt qu l 28.

Tuy nhin cng thc trn khng p dng cho s nguyn m, cng thc sau s gii quyt vn
c tng qut hn.

{=SUM(VALUE(MID(ABS(A1),ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&LEN(ABS(A1)))),1)))}

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Cng cc gi tr lm trn

Thng thng khi tnh ton cc gi tri a lm trn trn bng tnh, Excel vn ly cc gi tri lu tr
thc s trong cc tnh ton ch khng ly cc gi tri lm trn ang hin thi trn bng tinh
tinh (do inh dng vic hin thi cc con s), do vy kt qu c th khng nh mun. Bn hy
dng cng thc mng sau gii quyt vn ny:

=SUM(ROUND(E4:E6,2))

Cng cc gi tr cch nhau n khong trong dy

Gi s bn c mt tp d liu v bn mun cng cc phn t cch nhau 5 phn t, khi o bn nn

ngh ti cng thc sau:

{SUM(IF(MOD(ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&COUNT(Data)))-1,n)=0,Data,""))}

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Cng thc ny trc tin s to ra mt mng trong b nh cha cc con s lin tc t 1 n s

phn t ca danh sch (hm count tr v). Sau o mng ny s l i s th nht ca hm MOD
v i s th 2 chnh l gi tri cch nhau n. Hm MOD s to ra trong b nh mt mng cha cc
s d ca php chia s th t dng cho n (cc gi tri 0 trong mng mi ny tng trng cho vic
chia ht cho n). Sau o mng ny tr thnh i s cho hm IF, nu gi tri trong mng l 0 th hm
IF tr v gi tri tng ng ca tp d liu v cui cng l hm SUM s cng tt c cc gi tri tha
iu kin li.

Cng thc trn s bi sai nu n l 0 (ngha l tng ca tp hp rng). Cng thc hiu chinh sau s
gii quyt li ny:

{=IF(n=0,0,SUM(IF(MOD(ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&COUNT(data)))-1,n)=0,data,"")))}

Lu cng thc ny chi p dng cho mt ct d liu m thi. Cng thc trn khi tinh lc no cng
c gi phn t th nht trong tp s liu. V d n l 5 th cng thc s tnh tng cc phn t th 1,
6, 11, 16 Nu bn khng mun phn t th nht c trong kt qu tnh th hy dng cng thc
hiu chinh sau, cng thc ny chi tnh gi tri th 5, 10, 15 :

{=IF(n=0,0,SUM(IF(MOD(ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&COUNT(Data)))-n,n)=0,Data,"")))}

Khi mun cng thc tnh cho mng nm ngang th dng thm hm TRANSPOSE nh sau;

{=IF(n=0,0,SUM(IF(MOD(TRANSPOSE(ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&COUNT(Data))))-
1,n)=0,Data,"")))}

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Loi b cc k t khc s khi chui

Cng thc mng sau s gip chng ta trich c cc con s t mt chui c cha cc con s. V
d chui l ABC145Z th sau khi dng cng thc ny s tr v kt qu l 145.

{=MID(A1,MATCH(0,(ISERROR(MID(A1,ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&LEN(A1))),1)
*1)*1),0),LEN(A1)-SUM((ISERROR(MID(A1,ROW
(INDIRECT("1:"&LEN(A1))),1)*1)*1)))}

Lu cng thc ny chi p dng cho 1 chui c 1 con s trong o, kt qu s ra sai nu c t 2

con s xen k l k t v d nh Z253X8 th kt qu s sai.

Xc nh gi tr gn ng nht trong dy vi gi tr cho trc

Cng thc mng sau s gip xc inh gi tri gn nht vi gi tri cn tm trong mt dy s. V d
gi tri cn tm t tn l Target v tp s liu tn l Data.

{=INDEX(Data,MATCH(SMALL(ABS(Target-Data),1),ABS(Target-Data),0))}

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Nu trong Data c 2 gi tri gn nht so vi Target th cng thc s tr v gi tri tm thy trc
trong danh sch. Nh trong hnh minh ha th gi tri gn nht vi 45 l 48.

Tr v gi tr cui cng trong mt ct

Bn c mt bng tinh dng cp nht s liu hng ngy vo cc ct. Bn mun bit gi tri ca
cui cng trong ct A c cha s liu, nu ct A khng c cha cc rng (empty) th ta c th
dng hm OFFSET thc hin nh sau (khng dng cng thc mng):

=OFFSET(A1,COUNTA(A:A)-1,0)
Hm COUNTA s m xem c bao nhiu khng rng trong ct A v kt qu s tr bt 1, kt
qu ny s l i s th 2 ca hm OFFSET. V d dng c gi tri cui cng trong ct A l 100,
hm COUNTA s tr v 100 (do vy phi tr bt 1) v hm OFFSET s tr v ia chi cch A1
(lm mc) 99 dng.

Nu ct A c cc rng th cng thc trn s khng ng na do hm COUNTA chi m cc

khng rng. Cng thc mng sau s gii quyt c vn nu trn:

=INDEX(A:A,MAX(ROW(A:A)*(A:A<>"")))

Cn thn vi vic dng cch khai bo c ct A:A trong Excel 2007 (c trn 1 triu dng) v iu
ny s lm tng khi lng tnh ton rt ng k, thay vo o bn nn d tr s dng cn kim tra
thi v d 500 dng:

{=INDEX(A1:A500,MAX(ROW(A1:A500)*(A1:A500<>"")))}

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Tr v gi tr cui cng trong mt dng

Tng t nh trn, nhng y yu cu cho bit gi tri ca cui cng trong mt dng. V d
nh tm ti dng 1 t A1 n GR1 (200 ct).
{=INDEX(A1:GR1,MAX(COLUMN(A1:GR1)*(A1:GR1<>"")))}

Nu bn mun kim tra ton b dng 1 th dng:

{=INDEX(1:1,MAX(COLUMN(1:1)*(1:1<>"")))}

Tuy nhin v Excel 2007 c 16384 ct nn cch ny s nh hng rt ln n tc tnh ton ca

bng tnh.

Xp hng bng cng thc mng

Hm xp hng RANK ca Excel i khi khng p ng c nhu cu xp hng ca chng ta. Gi

s hnh bn di c 2 gi tri bng nhau do vy hm Rank s xp ng hng 3, tuy nhin ta mun
xp hng theo gi tri trung bnh tc l hng 3.5. Khi o chng ta dng cng thc mng sau:

Ti D5 nhp vo: {=SUM(1*(B5<=Sales))-(SUM(1*(B5=Sales))-1)/2}

Sau o chp cng thc cho cc dng cn li.

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To bng cho ng

Ta mun to bng bo co thng k v tng nhm hng (Category) trong tng thng nh hnh trn.
Khi o chng ta lp cc nhn cc nhm hng ti F5:H5 v lp nhn cc thng ti E6:E9. Ti F6
hy nhp vo cng thc mng sau: (A5:A23 t tn l Date; B5:B23 tn l Category v C5:C23
t tn l Amount)

{=SUM(($E6=Date)*(F$5=Category)*Amount)} chp cng thc cho cc cn li

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m nhiu iu kin

m xem co bao nhiu dng tha 2 iu kin l bng A v 1980.

Dng hm SUM: {=SUM((A1:A8="A")*(B1:B8=1980))}

Dng IF: {=SUM(IF(A1:A8="A",1,0)*IF(B1:B8=1980,1,0))}
Dng Sumproduct: =SUMPRODUCT((A1:A8="A")*1,(B1:B8=1980)*1) (hm thng)

m s phn t duy nht trong danh sch

Php m ny s loi ra cc phn t bi trng trong danh sch chi gi li mt phn t. V d m

trong vng A1:A8 c bao nhiu phn t khc nhau.

Cng thc tng qut:

Dng Sum:
{=sum(1/countif(vngm, vngm))}

Nu tp s liu c cha rng th dng:

{=SUM(IF(COUNTIF(vngm, vngm)=0,"",1/COUNTIF(vngm, vngm)))}

Sumproduct:
=sumproduct((1/countif(vngm, vngm))*1) (cng thc thng)

V d:
Dng Sum: {=SUM(1/COUNTIF(A1:A8,A1:A8))}
Sumproduct: =SUMPRODUCT((1/COUNTIF(A1:A8,A1:A8))*1)

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Cng cc phn t trong mng v khng tnh nu phn t xut hin ln th 2 tr

ln.

{=sum(vungso/countif(vungso,vungso))}

tng th ging nh trn nh trn co iu mi ln lc qua mt phn t trong mng ta khng

tnh gi tri l 1 l tnh gi tri l chnh con s o.

Sp xp hng lin tc

[=SUM(1/(IF($A$2:$A$13>A2,COUNTIF($A$2:$A$13,$A$2:$A$13),9.999999E+307)))+1}

Vn dng cng thc ca SoiBien, chuyn thnh hm sumproduct, khoi phi Ctr Shift Enter
D5=1+SUMPRODUCT((VungRank>$A2)*(1/COUNTIF(VungRank,VungRank)))
VungRank l vng c s liu cn xp TT.

III.3.2. Cng thc mng tr kt qu v nhiu

To mng s nguyn lin tc

phn trn, cc bn ch hm {=ROW(INDIRECT("1:n")} s cho ra 1 day s gm cc s nguyn

lin tc t 1 n n. V y cng chinh l cng thc mng gip bn nhp s th t vo 1 day chn
trc. Ta th xem hm ny hat ng ra sao nh

Hm ROW trong Excel tr kt qu v mt s hng. Nu ta nhp cng thc mng : {=ROW(1:12)}

vo mt day A1:A12 nm dc co 12 , ta s nhn c mt mng gm cc s nguyn lin tc t
1 n 12. Nhng nu ta chn thm mt hng vo day trn nm trn A1, ta s thy cng thc trn
tr thnh {=ROW(2:13)} v mng ca ta s co 12 s nguyn lin tc t 2 n 13.

Do o, ta phi s dng kt hp vi hm INDIRECT. Hm INDIRECT ly i s l mt chui

Text. INDIRECT("1:12") s lun lun cho kt qu l (1:12), v Excel khng th iu chinh c
cc tham s chui trong hm INDIRECT c. S kt hp ny lun m bo cho hm
{=ROW(INDIRECT("1:12")} cho kt qu l mt mng gm cc s t 1 n 12 trong mi trng
hp.

Ch tr v cc gi tr dng trong dy

Ta c mt ct s liu (tn l DATA) c cc gi tri m v dng, v ta mun trch ra cc s dng

trong ct s liu o (khng trich cc s 0 v s m). dng hm mng trc tin bn chn mt
vng trn bng tinh co kich thc bng vi ct s liu v nhp cng thc sau vo

{=INDEX(Data,SMALL(IF(Data>0,ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(Data)))),
ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(Data)))))}

Nh nhn t hp phm Ctrl+Shift+Enter khi kt thc. Kt qu nh hnh ct C bn di

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Kt qu trong ct C cha hon ho v c cc li #NUM, do ta cha kim tra li trc khi xut kt
qu. Cng thc sau s gii quyt n tho:

Excel 2007 th dng:

{=IFERROR(INDEX(Data,SMALL(IF(Data>0,ROW(INDIRECT
("1:"&ROWS(Data)))),ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(Data))))),"")}

Mun tinh tng thich cao vi cc phin bn c th dng cng thc sau:
{=IF(ISERR(SMALL(IF(Data>0,ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(Data)))),
ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(Data))))),"",INDEX(Data,SMALL(IF
(Data>0,ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(Data)))),ROW(INDIRECT
("1:"&ROWS(Data))))))}

Tr v cc Nonblank trong dy

C dy s liu tn l DATA, trong o co cha cc blank ( trng). Chng ta dng cc cng thc
sau:

Excel 2007:
{=IFERROR(INDEX(Data,SMALL(IF(Data<>"",ROW(INDIRECT
("1:"&ROWS(Data)))),ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(Data))))),"")}

Cng thc di s tng thich cc phin bn trc:

{=IF(ISERR(SMALL(IF(Data<>"",ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(Data)))),
ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(Data))))),"",INDEX(Data,SMALL(IF(Data
<>"",ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(Data)))),ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS

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(Data))))))}

Lu chn trc vng kt qu tng ng vi kich thc ct d liu v kt thc cng thc bng
t hp phm Ctrl+Shift+Enter.

o th t cc trong dy

Ta c mt tp s liu tn l DATA trong mt ct ca bng tnh, v ta mun o th t sp xp ca

ct s liu ny theo chiu ngc li. Khi o bn hy xem cng thc mng sau:

{=IF(INDEX(Data,ROWS(data)-
ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(Data)))+1)
Cc trong bng tnh khi mi
="","",INDEX(Data,ROWS(Data)-
to ra s c thuc tnh Blank (
ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(Data))) +1))} trng) (hay Null).

Cc Empty ( rng) l cc c
cha chui rng

Trong VB (hay VBA) php so

snh vi Nothing l bao gm
c blank v empty.

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Th t d liu trong ct C a bi o ngc so vi ct A. Lu chn trc vng kt qu tng

ng vi kich thc ct d liu v kt thc cng thc bng t hp phm Ctrl+Shift+Enter.

Sp xp cc gi tr s trong mt dy ng

Ta c mt ct cha cc gi tri s trong bng tinh (t tn l DATA), by gi ta mun sp xp cc

gi tri ny t ln xung nho mt cch ng vi d liu ngun. Khi o ta dng cng thc sau:

{=LARGE(Data,ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(Data))))}

Cng thc trn s bi li #NUM khi trong ct s liu DATA c cc trng, khc phc ta dng
hm sau:

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Excel 2007:

{=IFERROR(LARGE(Data,ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(Data)))),"")}

Cng thc di s tng thich cc phin bn trc:

{=IF(ISERR(LARGE(Data,ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(Data))))),"",
LARGE(Data,ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(Data)))))}

Mun sp xp theo trnh t t nho n ln th thay hm SMALL cho hm LARGE.

Tr v danh sch cc phn t duy nht trong mt dy

Ta c mt st d liu tn l DATA c cc d liu trng nhau, cng thc sau s gip trch ra mt
sch m mi phn t l duy nht trong danh sch ny.

{=INDEX(data,SMALL(IF(MATCH(data,data,0)=ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(data))),
MATCH(data,data,0),""),ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(data)))))}

Cng thc trn s bi li #NUM nu ct d liu c cc trng (blank), cng thc sau s gii quyt
c li ny:

Excel 2007:

{=IFERROR(INDEX(Data,SMALL(IF(MATCH(Data,Data,0)=ROW(INDIRECTd("1:"&ROW
S(data))), MATCH(Data,Data,0),""),ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(Data))))),"")}

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Cng thc di s tng thich cc phin bn trc:

{=IF(ISERR(INDEX(data,SMALL(IF(MATCH(data,data,0)=ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(d
ata))), MATCH(data,data,0),""),ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(data)))))),"",
INDEX(data,SMALL(IF(MATCH(data,data,0)=ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(data))),
MATCH(data,data,0),""),ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(data))))))}

To dng lch

to ra cun lich ty nh ca mnh, sau khi nhp thng v nm vo B2, lm nhan cc ngy
trong tun cho cc B3:H3. Sau o chn cc B4:H9 v nhp vo cng thc mng:

{=IF(MONTH(DATE(YEAR(B2),MONTH(B2),1))<>MONTH(DATE(YEAR(B2),
MONTH(B2),1)-(WEEKDAY(DATE(YEAR(B2),MONTH(B2),1))-1)+
{0;1;2;3;4;5}*7+{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}-1),"",
DATE(YEAR(B2),MONTH(B2),1)-(WEEKDAY(DATE(YEAR(B2),MONTH(B2),1))-1)+
{0;1;2;3;4;5}*7+{1,2,3,4,5,6,7}-1)}

Kt thc cng thc nhn t hp phm Ctrl+Shift+Enter.

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Phn IV
MACRO, VBA V MT S HM T TO

IV.1. CC KIU D LIU CUA VBA

IV.1.1. Bin d liu
Mi ng dng thng x l nhiu d liu, ta dng khi nim "bin" lu tr d liu trong
b nh my tinh, mi bin lu tr 1 d liu ca chng trnh.
Mc d VBA khng i hoi, nhng ta nn inh ngha r rng tng bin trc khi truy xut
no code ca chng trnh c trong sng, d hiu, d bo tr v pht trin.
inh ngha 1 bin l :
inh ngha tn nhn dng cho bin,
Kt hp kiu vi bin xc inh cu trc d liu ca bin,
inh ngha tm vc truy xut bin.

C php n gin ca lnh inh ngha bin :

[Static|Public|Private|Dim] AVariable As Type

Ti tng thi im, bin cha 1 gi tri (ni dung) c th. Theo thi gian ni dung ca bin
s bi thay i theo tinh cht x l ca code.

IV.1.2. C php nh ngha tn bin

Cch t tn cho 1 bin :

Tn bin co th di n 255 k t,

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K t u tin phi l mt k t ch (letter),

Cc k t tip theo co th l cc k t ch (letter), k s (digit), du gch di,
Tn bin khng c cha cc k t c bit nh cc k t : ^, &, ), (,%, $, #, @,
!, ~, +, -, *,
VBA khng phn bit ch HOA hay ch thng trong tn bin.
V d: Tn bin hp l Tn bin khng hp l
+ Base1_ball + Base.1 : v co du chm
+ ThisIsLongButOk + Base&1 : v co du &
+ 1Base_Ball: k t u l 1 s

Nn chn tn bin ngn gn nhng th hin r ngha. Vi d: Ta mun co mt bin lu

h s lai sut ngn hng (Interest Rate), ta nn dng tn bin l: InterestRate hoc Irate ch
khng nn dng tn bin l IR

Vi vi d trc, dng ma sau y:

IterestRateEarned = Total*InterestRate
s d hiu hn dng ma
IE = T*IR

Khi vit tn bin ta nn vit hoa ch u tin ca mt t co ngha.

Vi d : InterestRate s d c hn interestrate hay iNTERestRaTe

Khng c dng tn bin trng vi cc t kho nh: Print, Sub, End (t khoa l nhng
t m ngn ng VBA a dng cho nhng thnh phn xc inh ca ngn ng).

IV.1.3. t tn bin theo "k hiu Hungarian"

Mt s lp trnh vin thng thich b sung thm mt tip u ng vo tn bin nu r

kiu ca bin, nh o tng d c cho chng trnh.

V d:
Dim sngInterestRate as Single Bin thuc kiu Single
intCount: Bin thuc kiu Integer
strName: Bin thuc kiu String

Qui c trn gi l k hiu Hungarian (do Charles Simonge, mt lp trnh vin gc Hungari
ca Miscrosoft) xng. Lu rng bn vn phi khai bo kiu cho cc bin trn v kiu
phi tng thich vi tip u ng a dng vi tn bin.

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Tip u ng v tip v ng cho tn bin (Variable) v hm (Function):

Tip u Hoc Tip v

Kiu d liu V d
ng dng ng
b bln Boolean Dim bKiemTra as Boolean
2 byte, [True(-1), False(0)] bKiemTra = True
byt Byte Dim bytTuoi as Byte
1 byte, [0-255] bytTuoi = 50
c cur Currency @ Dim curLuong as Currency
8 byte, [-922,337,203,685,477.5808 hoc Dim curLuong@
n curSalary@ = 1000
922,337,203,685,477.5807]
dt dat Date Dim dtNgaySinh As Date
8 byte, [1/1/0100 n 31/12/9999] dtNgaySinh = #7/2/2006#
d dbl Double # Dim dCanNang as Double
8 byte hoc Dim dCanNang#
Gi tri m [1.79769313486232E308 dCanNang# = 65.5
n 4.94065645841247E-324]
Gi tri dng [4.94065645841247E-
324 n 1.79769313486232E308]
i int Integer % Dim iDem as Integer
2 byte, [32,768 n 32,767] hoc Dim iDem%
iDem% = 5555
l lng Long & Dim lSanPham as Long
4 byte, [2,147,483,648 n hoc Dim lSanPham&
2,147,483,647] lSanPham = 1000000
obj Object Dim objVungTo As Range
4 byte (32bit); 8 byte (64bit) Set objVungTo = _
Worksheets("Sheet1").Range("A1:D10")
f sng Single ! Dim sngKhoangCach as Single
4 byte hoc Dim sngKhoangCach!
Gi tri m [3.402823E38 n sngKhoangCach! = 100.57
1.401298E-45]
Gi tri dng [1.401298E-45 n
3.402823E38]
s str String $ Dim strHoTen as String
String c chiu di c inh [0 n hoc Dim strTen$
khong 65400 k t] strTen$ = Giai Phap Excel
String c chiu di thay i: 10 bytes,
[0 n khong 2 t k t]
u udt User-defined type Type KhachHang
khID as Long
khHoTen as String*50
khDiaChi as String
End Type
Dim khDanhSach(20) as KhachHang
v vnt Variant Dim vHoTen
16 byte Dim vLuong
Dim vKhoangCach

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Cc Kiu D Liu Ca Vba Gii Php Excel | 452

Tip u ng Cho tn i tng

cm ADODB.Command

cn ADODB.Connection

rs ADODB.Recordset

cht Excel.Chart

rng Excel.Range

wkb Excel.Workbook

wks Excel.Worksheet

cbr Office.CommandBar

ctl Office.CommandBarControl

cls User-defined class variable

frm Userform variable

cbo MSForms.ComboBox

chk MSForms.CheckBox

cmd MSForms.CommandButton

fra MSForms.Frame

lbl MSForms.Label

lst MSForms.ListBox

mpg MSForms.MultiPage

opt MSForms.OptionButton

spn MSForms.SpinButton

txt MSForms.TextBox

ref RefEdit Control

col VBA.Collection

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Tip u ng cho tn cc i tng chun

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Cc Kiu D Liu Ca Vba Gii Php Excel | 454

Tip u ng cho tn cc i tng c s d liu

IV.1.4. Cc lu v bin
Trong mt ng cnh (trong 1 chng trnh con, trong 1 module, cp ton cc), khng th
dng hai bin cng tn (VBA khng phn bit ch HOA hay ch thng).

Tn bin l phn tn, khng k n tip v ng miu t kiu kt hp.

V d: Bin a% v bin a! l trng nhau, VBA s a ra thng bo li:

Sau khi inh ngha bin, VBA s khi ng tri ban u cho bin o. Vi d :

o Bin thuc kiu Variant co gi tri ngm inh l Empty (rng), gi tri Empty
s bin mt khi ta gn cho bin mt gi tri c th.

o Bin chui co gi tri ngm inh l chuI rng "" (hai du nhy lin nhau).

o Bin s co gi tri ngm inh l 0.

Khng nn tin vo tri ngm inh ca bin, phi gn gi tri cho bin trc khi dng chng.
Mt bin tng ng vi 1 vng nh, do o khi gn mt gi tri cho bin, gi tri c ca bin s bi
mt i.

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Tm Vc Truy Xut, Thi Gian Sng Ca Bin & Th Tc Gii Php Excel | 455

Tm vc v cch s dng tip u ng

Tip u ng M t
g Ton cc (Global)
m Cc b (module, form)
st Tnh (Static)
v Truyn tham s gi tri
r Tham s truyn dng tham chiu

IV.2. TM VC TRUY XUT, THI GIAN SNG CUA BIN & THU TC
Mt iu rt quan trng khi lm vic vi cc bin l hiu r v tm vc (hay phm vi hot ng)
ca chng. Tm vc m t kh nng truy cp/ trng thy hoc thi gian sng ca bin.

Global Scope: Tm vc ton cc

Project Scope: Tm vc Project
Module Scope: Tm vc Module
Procedure Scope: Tm vc th
tc

IV.2.1. Tm vc truy xut bin

Tm vc ca mt bin l tp cc lnh c php truy xut bin o.

VBA cho php 4 cp tm vc sau :

o Cc b trong th tc (Procedure Scope): bt k lnh no trong th tc u co th truy xut

c bin cc b trong th tc o.

Bin ny s dng t khoa Dim hay Static khi khai bo bin trong th tc hay hm.

Bin ny chi truy cp c trong ni b th tc/ hm.

V d: Tm vc trong mt Procedure, bin iCntr chi truy cp c trong ni b th tc.

Sub sbScopeProcedureLevel
Dim iCntr As Integer Khai bo bin cc b th tc
iCntr = 2000
MsgBox Bin cc b trong th tc iCntr = & iCntr
End Sub

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Tm Vc Truy Xut, Thi Gian Sng Ca Bin & Th Tc Gii Php Excel | 456

o Cc b trong module (Module Scope): bt k lnh no trong module u co th truy xut

c bin cc b trong module o.

Bin ny s dng t khoa Dim hay Private khi khai bo bin nm trc th tc u tin
trong module.

Bin ny co th c truy cp bi mi th tc co trong module.

V d: Tm vc trong mt Module, bin lRow co th c truy cp bi mi th tc co trong

module.

Option explicit
'Khai bo bin c tm vc module
Dim lHang as long
Private lCot as long
lHang = 1000
lCot = 500

Sub sbprocedure1
Msgbox Bin c tm vc module lHang = & lHang & lCot = & lCot
End sub

Sub sbprocedure2
Msgbox Bin c tm vc module lHang = & lHang & lCot = & lCot
End sub

o Ton cc (Global Scope): bt k lnh no trong chng trnh cng co th truy xut c
bin ton cc.

'Trong Module 1 ca ProjectA

Option Explicit

'Khai bo bin ton cc trong Module1

Public lRow As Long

Sub sbProcedure1
lRow = 220
MsgBox "Bin ton cc lRow = " & lRow
End Sub

'Trong Module 2 ca ProjectA

Sub sbProcedure2
MsgBox "Gi bin ton cc trong Module1 t Module2 lRow = " & lRow
End Sub

Trong Module1 ca ProjectB

( tham chiu n ProjectA trong Tools | References)

Sub sbProcedure3
MsgBox "Gi bin ton cc trong Module1 ca ProjectA & _
t Module1 ca ProjectB lRow = " & ProjectA.lRow
End Sub

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Tm Vc Truy Xut, Thi Gian Sng Ca Bin & Th Tc Gii Php Excel | 457

Bin ny s dng t khoa Public trc Dim khi khai bo bin nm trc th tc u
tin trong mt Public Module bt k.

Bin ny c truy cp bi mi th tc trong cng module, khc module, form, class

v c trong workbook khc.

Nu co nhiu bin cng tn gia cc Project th thm tn Project trc tn bin khi
truy xut. Vi d nh Project1.SomeVar

o Tm vc Project (Project Scope): Khi ta mun bin c khai bo vi t khoa Public

trong Public Module chi c truy cp trong ni b Project. Khi o ta thm vo cm Option
Private Module nm trc th tc u tin trong Module. Bin ny c truy cp bi mi
th tc trong cng module, khc module, form, class trong cng Project.

Trong Module1
Option Explicit
Option Private Module
Public lRow As Long Khai bo bin vi t kha Public c tm vc Project

Sub sbProcedure1
lRow = 220
MsgBox "Bn c tm vc Project lRow = " & lRow
End Sub

'Trong Module 2
Sub sbProcedure2
MsgBox "Gi bin tm vc Project trong Module1 t Module2 lRow = " & _
lRow
End Sub

Khi gi bin lRow t Project khc s nhn c thng bo:

o Trong mt ng cnh (cng 1 th tc, cng 1 module, hay cp Project), khng th dng hai
bin cng tn (VBA khng phn bit ch HOA hay ch thng).

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Tm Vc Truy Xut, Thi Gian Sng Ca Bin & Th Tc Gii Php Excel | 458

Module Scope

Procedure Scope
Project Scope

Global Scope

IV.2.2. Thi gian sng ca bin

Bin l 1 thc th nn cng co thi gian sng hu hn, thi gian sng ca bin thng ph
thuc vo tm vc ca bin o:

o Bin cc b trong th tc: c to ra lc th tc c gi v mt i khi th tc

kt thc vic x l v iu khin c tr v lnh gi.

o Bin cc b trong module: c to ra lc module c to ra v mt i khi

module bi xoa.

Cc (standard) modules co thi gian sng t lc chng trnh chy cho n

khi chng trnh kt thc.

Cc i tng ca class module hay form module c to ra khi co yu

cu c th. To i tng ngha l to cc thuc tinh ca no, cc thuc tinh
ca i tng s mt i khi i tng bi xoa.

o Bin ton cc: c to ra lc chng trnh bt u chy v chi mt i khi chng

trnh kt thc.

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Mun ko di thi gian sng ca 1 bin, ta thng dng 2 cch sau:

o Nng cp tm vc: t cc b trong th tc ln cc b trong module hay ln ton

cc... Cch ny it c dng tng minh v no s thay i tm vc ca bin.
khc phc iu ny, VBA cung cp khi nim "Static" kt hp vi bin: bin co
thuc tinh "Static" s tn ti mai v chi mt i khi chng trnh kt thc bt chp
tm vc ca no ra sao.
o Ghi gi tr bin ra mi trng cha tin bn vng (file trn a) trc khi bin bi
xoa. Khi cn li gi tri ca bin ny, ta c gi tri ca no t file vo. y l phng
php thng dng trao i d liu gia 2 ng dng khc nhau hay gia 2 ln chy
khc nhau ca cng 1 ng dng.

IV.2.3. Lu v khai bo bin Static:

Bin c khai bo cp th tc v n vn gi li gi tri ca n trong khi th tc a kt thc. Bin

chi c gii phng khi t kha End trong th tc c thc thi. Bin ny chi thy (truy xut)
c trong ni b th tc.
V d: Chy th tc ny 3 ln xem bin Static c np, gi li v gii phng.

Sub MySub 'Gia tri bien Static van khong mat sau khi chay thu tuc
Static Counter As Integer
Dim Msg As String
Counter = Counter + 1
Msg = "Day la lan chay thu tuc thu: " & Counter
MsgBox Msg
End Sub

Sub Start 'Giai phong bien Static khi End thuc thi
Static RunCount As Integer
Static MyVariable As String

RunCount = RunCount + 1
If MyVariable = "" Then MyVariable = "Hello GPE lan "

MsgBox "Tai lan chay " & RunCount & vbLf & "Bien Myvariable = " & _
MyVariable & RunCount, , Now

If RunCount = 2 Then
MsgBox "Cac bien Static MyVariable va Runcount se duoc giai phong."
End
End If
End Sub

IV.2.4. Tm vc th tc/ hm

Ging nh bin, th tc cng co tm vc ca chng. Co hai loi tm vc ca th tc o l Public

v Private.

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Tm Vc Truy Xut, Thi Gian Sng Ca Bin & Th Tc Gii Php Excel | 460

Th tc co t khoa Public co th c truy cp t tt c cc th tc khc trong Project v c Project

khc. Excel mc inh th tc l Public do vy bn co th khng khai bo t khoa ny trc tn th
tc. Hai cch khai bo th tc sau l nh nhau:

Public Sub XinChao

Debug.Print "Xin chao"
End Sub

Sub TheProcName
Debug.Print "Xin chao"
End Sub

Th tc co t khoa Private chi co th truy cp c t cc th tc khc trong cng module.

Private Sub TheSub

Debug.Print "GPE xin chao!"
End Sub

T kha Private ngn khng cho ca s Macro hin th tn th tc trong danh sch nhng ta c
th chy th tc bng cch gi tn trc tip.

Cng ging nh bin, mun th tc Public chi c truy cp trong ni b Project th ta t t khoa
Option Private Module vo trc th tc u tin trong module. Khi o cc th tc trong module
ny s chi c truy xut trong ni b ca Project.

IV.2.5. S dng hng gi nh

Hng gi nh (Constant) l khi nim cho php ngi lp trnh kt hp mt tn gi nh

vi mt gi tri khi cn dng gi tri o, ta khng vit li chi tit c th ca tri m chi
dng tn gi nh.

C php ca pht biu inh ngha hng gi nh :

[Public|Private] Const ConstName [As Type] = Value

V d: Const PI = 3.1416
Const NumQuarters as Integer = 4
Const Rate = .0725, Period = 12
Const ModName as String = My Macros
Public Const AppName as String = My Application

Li ich ca vic dng hng gi nh :

Chng trnh s trong sng, d c hn, dn n vic bo tr, nng cp chng trnh
c thun tin hn.
Tit kim c b nh so vi vic dng bin.
Rt ngn c cc cu lnh qu di

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Hng Dn Truyn Tham S Trong Vba (Byval & Byref) Gii Php Excel | 461

IV.3. HNG DN TRUYN THAM S TRONG VBA (BYVAL & BYREF)

PhanTuHuong
Bi ny s gii thich ti sao cc bn thinh thong co thy khai bo ByVal trc bin ch khng
phi l Dim thng thng.

Cc bin s ca hm hay th tc co th bi thay i bi cc quy trnh tinh ton, iu

o cho thy s quan trng ca vic bo v gi tri gc ca bin.

Mc inh VB truyn thng tin ti hm (hoc th tc) dng tham chiu (ByRef),
tham chiu ti d liu gc trong bin s ca hm vo lc hm c gi ra. Hn na,
nu hm lm thay i gi tri ca bin s, gi tri gc s bi thay i.

Bn s co c kt qu trn nu bn bo qua t kho ByVal ng trc bin s num1

trong hm MyAverage trong phn khai bo bin s.

Nu bn mun th tc hm thay i gi tri gc, bn khng cn thit phi thm t kho

ByRef vo, v VB a mc inh truyn tham s l ByRef.

Khi bn s dng t kho ByVal trc tn bin s, VBA s truyn tham s bng gi
tri cho bin ny. iu o co ngha l VBA s to ra mt bn sao ca d liu gc. Bn
sao o s c truyn ti hm. Nu hm thay i gi tri ca bin s c truyn ti,
gi tri gc s khng thay i - chi l copy s thay i o. iu o gii thich ti sao
khi hm MyAverage a thay i gi tri ca bin num1, nhng gi tri gc ca bin o
vn nh c.

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Trong mt s th tc khi khai bo bng Dim thng thng, Visual Basic co th thay i gi tri
ca cc bin s. Vi d:

Sub Thay_doi
Dim i, Giatri As Integer
Giatri = 20 'Lc u th bin Giatri l 20
For i = 1 To 4
Giatri = Giatri + 1
Next
MsgBox "Gia tri bay gio la " & Giatri
'Sau 4 ln vng lp, Giatri c gi tr mi l 24
End Sub

khng lm thay i gi tri ca bin s, bn phi khai trc tn ca bin s o vi t kho

ByVal. Xem v d sau hiu hn:

Sub ThreeNumbers
Dim num1 As Integer, num2 As Integer, num3 As Integer
num1 = 10: num2 = 20: num3 = 30
MsgBox "Gia tri trung binh la " & MyAverage(num1, num2, num3)
MsgBox "num1= " & num1 & Chr(13) & "num2= " & num2 & _
Chr(13) & "num3= " & num3 & Chr(13)
End Sub

Function MyAverage(ByVal num1, ByVal num2, ByVal num3)

num1 = num1 + 1
MyAverage = (num1 + num2 + num3) / 3
End Function

Th tc ThreeNumbers s n inh gi tri ca ba bin s v sau o gi hm MyAverage tnh ton,

tr v gi tri trung bnh ca cc s a c lu gi trong cc bin s o. Cc i s ca hm l
nhng bin s num1, num2 v num3, ton b tn i s u c t kho ByVal ng trc. Th
tc ThreeNumbers a truyn tham s cho num1, num2, num3 ca hm MyAverage.
Khi tnh gi tri trung bnh, hm MyAverage a thay i gi tri ca bin s num1. Bin s num1 c
gi tri bng 11 (10+1) trong hm. Do vy, khi hm tnh gi tri trung bnh ca th tc
ThreeNumbers, hp thng bo MsgBox s hin thi kt qu 20.333 v ch khng phi l 20. Sau
o MsgBox s hin thi ton b tng gi tri bin s. Cc gi tri o c lu gi l gi tri gc n
inh cho chng (10, 20 v 30).
Vic g s xy ra khi bn bo t kho ByVal trc bin s num1 trong khai bo hm MyAverage.
Kt qu tnh ton ca hm vn l gi tri trn, nhng bin s num1 s hin thi by gi l 11. Hm
MyAverage tr v kt qu 20.333 v thay i gi tri gc ca s liu lu trong bin s num1.

Function MyAverage(num1, ByVal num2, ByVal num3)

num1 = num1 + 1
MyAverage = (num1 + num2 + num3) / 3
End Function

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Hng Dn Truyn Tham S Trong Vba (Byval & Byref) Gii Php Excel | 463

Nh vy, ngn cn s thay i gi tri cung cp cho hm s, bn s dng t kho ByVal.

Xem thm:

Byval: l t vit tt ca By Value, ngha l truyn bng tri. Phng php ny khng lm thay
i gi tri ca ni dung ca bin khai bo bi t kha Byval
Byref: l t vit tt ca By Reference, ngha l truyn bng tham chiu. Phng php ny cho
php thay i ni dung ca bin c khai bo bi t kha Byref. Mc ich l nu ta mun tr
v nhiu gi tri ch khng phi 01 th ta dng cch ny. Nu chi tr v 01 gi tri th ta tr v
gi tri ca hm thi. Cc bn c xem v d di y s hiu r:

Public Function GetDateFromString(ByVal sDate As String, _

ByRef iDay As Integer, ByRef iMonth As Integer, ByRef iYear As
Integer) As Long

On Error GoTo Loi

Dim aDate As Date

aDate = Format(sDate, "dd/mm/yyyy")

iDay = Day(aDate) ' Tra ve ngay cho bien iDay
iMonth = Month(aDate) ' Tra ve thang cho bien iMonth
iYear = Year(aDate) ' Tra ve nam cho bien iYear

GetDateFromString = 1
Exit Function
Loi:
GetDateFromString = 0
End Function

Sub Test
Dim a As Integer, b As Integer, c As Integer
If GetDateFromString("17/04/2014", a, b, c) = 1 Then
MsgBox a & "-" & b & "-" & c
' Khi do cac bien a,b,c da duoc ham tra ve gia tri cua n
End If
End Sub

Tham S Hnh Thc V Tham S Thc S

Tham s hnh thc l bin c lit k trong danh sch tham s (thng nm ti phn u ca
inh ngha chng trnh con). Cn tham s thc s l gi tri c th ca bin o ti thi im chy.

phn bit r hai khi nim trn, xt vi d di y:

Function MySum(addend_1, addend_2)

MySum = addend_1 + addend_2
End Function

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Ghi V Thc Hin Macro Gii Php Excel | 464

Hm MySum nhn hai tham s hnh thc: addend_1 v addend_2. N ly tng ca cc gi tri c
truyn vo cc tham s ny v tr v kt qu cho ni gi hm. Xem thm th tc gi hm bn di:

Sub Test
Dim value1 as Integer, value2 as Integer
value1 = 10
value2 =20
MsgBox Tong 2 so la : & MySum(value1, value2)
End Sub

Cc bin value_1 v value_2 c khi to vi cc gi tri 10 v 20. Cc bin ny khng phi tham
s hnh thc hay tham s thc s. Ti thi gian chy, gi tri a c gn cho cc bin ny c
truyn vo cho hm MySum. Trong hm MySum, cc tham s hnh thc addend_1 v addend_2
c tnh gi tri v ln lt cho kt qu l hai tham s thc s 10 v 20. Gi tri ca cc tham s
thc s c cng li, kt qu c tr v cho ni gi hm.

Tham s hnh thc thng c gi tt l tham s. Tham s thc s cn c gi l tham s thc,

tham i hoc i s.

IV.4. GHI V THC HIN MACRO

IV.4.1. Macro l g?

Macro l tp hp mt s cc dng lnh. Bn s dng chc nng Macro Recorder l mt tng

hay tng bc thc hin cc cng vic, nht l lc u tm hiu v macro. Excel a h tr ghi
li (recorder) cc cng vic bn a thc hin v chi khng ghi li khi bn dng ghi.
Vi d, mt (cell) c chn (selected) hin ti s khng c ghi cho n khi bn thc hin
cng vic trong o. Ngoi ra, Excel cng khng ghi li cc cng vic khi ang s dng bng
iu khin (dialog box) cho n khi bn n nt OK trn bng iu khin o.

Thc hin ghi macro

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Ghi V Thc Hin Macro Gii Php Excel | 465

Ca s Record Macro

Trong sut thi gian ghi, macro a c lu li vi tn xc inh trong module, module c to
ra trong qu trnh ghi v l mt phn ca Workbook. Marco c ghi li co th c lu trong
This Workbook (Workbook hin hnh), New Workbook (Workbook mi) hoc trong Personal
Macro Workbook (nhng macro s hu ring). Nhng lnh (code) c lu trong Personal.xls,
nhng macro s hu ring u s dng c khi bn m Excel ra. Cc macro trong cc Workbook
khc nhau co th s dng bt c lc no khi cc Workbook ang m (k c s dng chng t
Workbook khc).

iu kin co th tin hnh ghi macro:

1. Bng tinh Excel hin hnh (Activate Excel).

2. S dng Workbook mi.

IV.4.2. Ghi macro trong trng hp s dng tham chiu a ch tuyt i

Bn hay ghi li macro trnh by tn bn v ia chi nh sau:

1. Trong Tools/Macro, chn Record New Macro.

2. Trong Macro name: g Address_abs t tn macro .

c im l k t u tin l ca tn macro phi l ch. Cn cc k t khc co th l ch, s hoc
k t gch di (k t _). Cc k t c bit nh khong trng (Space), @, %, $, #, &, ... khng
c chp nhn, bn co th dng k t _ tch tn trong macro.

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Ghi V Thc Hin Macro Gii Php Excel | 466

Qu trnh ghi

3. Chuyn sang Shortcut key: trng (s thc hin sau).

4. Trong Store macro in: mc nh l This Workbook.

5. Trong Description: bn g ni dung sau

Enter address starting in cell B3

6. Bm OK.

7. Thanh Stop Recording s xut hin. Bn c th di chuyn n n v tr khc nu thy cn thit.

8. Trong thanh Stop Recording, n vo nt Relative Reference cho m i (khng tc dng).

9. Trong Sheet1, bm vo B3 v g tn bn. di g tn lp, tip theo l tn trng.

10. Cho ton b cc ch m v nghing.

11. Bm vo B6.

12. Trong Stop Recording, bm vo nt Stop Recording.

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Nh vy, macro co tn Address_abs a c ghi li. Nhng m bn a s dng trong qu trnh

ghi c th hin di dng ia chi tuyt i. V vy, nhng trong Worksheet o s thc hin
khi bn cho chy macro, tn, lp v tn trng s c to ra ng vi tri trong Worksheet.

Ghi ch: Bn co th la chn tham chiu tng i trong sut qu trnh ghi macro. Vn ny s
c cp mc sau.

IV.4.3. Chy macro khi s dng bng iu khin macro (Macro dialog box)

Bn cho chy macro trn t Sheet2 nh sau:

1. Chn sang Sheet2 v bm vo no ngoi B3.

2. Trong menu Tools/Macro, chn Macros.

3. Bm vo macro c tn Address_abs trong danh sch macro.

4. Bm vo nt Run.

Sau o bn s thy ni dung Sheet2 ging nh Sheet1.

Chy macro Sheet2

Ghi ch: Nu bn mun hu qu trnh chy macro trc khi kt thc, n vo nt Esc.

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IV.4.4. Ghi macro trong trng hp s dng tham chiu a ch tng i

Macro Address_abs s dng ia chi tuyt i. Tip theo bn s to mt macro cng ging nh
trn. Macro trc a chn cc (select cells) co quan h vi vi tri ca hot ng (active) trong
qu trnh chy, macro s ghi li quan h tham chiu tng i.

1. Chn Sheet1.

2. Bm vo B11.

3. Trong menu Tools/Macro, chn Record New Macros.

4. Trong Macro name: g Address_Ref t tn macro .

5. Trong Shortcut key: G ch A, nh vy phm tt s l Ctrl+Shift+A (Nu phm tt b trng vi

phm c sn th Excel t ng b sung thm phm Shift nh trng hp ny).

6. Trong Store macro in: mc nh l This Workbook.

7. Trong Description: bn g ni dung sau

Enter address starting in activate cell position

8. Bm OK.

9. Thanh Stop Recording s xut hin. Bn c th di chuyn n n v tr khc nu thy cn thit.

10. Trong thanh Stop Recording, n vo nt Relative Reference cho m i (khng tc dng).

Microsoft Excel s tip tc ghi macro vi quan h tng i cho n khi no thot khoi Microsoft
Excel hoc bn n li vo nt Relative Reference.

11. G tn bn, lp, tn trng v a ch trong cc B11, B12, B13 v B14. Ni dung th hin
nh sau:
Nguyen Van Hung
Lop DCCT-DKT K48
Truong DH Mo Dia chat
xa Dong Ngac, Tu Liem, Ha Noi

12. Cho ton b cc ch m.

13. Bm vo B15.

14. Trong Stop Recording, bm vo nt Stop Recording.

Ghi ch:
Nu bn mun macro chn c bit, u tin chn u (active cell), sau o chn co
quan h vi u, bn co th la chn hn hp ia chi tuyt i v tng i trong qu
trnh ghi macro.
s dng tham chiu tng i trong sut qu trnh ghi macro, nt Relative Reference
lun sng (co tc dng).

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s dng tham chiu tuyt i trong sut qu trnh ghi macro, nt Relative Reference
lun ti (khng tc dng).

IV.4.5. Dng phm tt thc hin mt macro (shortcut key)

Macro Address_Ref co th thc hin nh m t trong mc trn. Lc trc phim tt a c n

inh thc hin cng vic o, hay s dng phng php thay th ny:

1. Ti Sheet2 bn chn vo 1 (v d H14).

2. n t hp phm Ctrl+Shift+A. Khi tn v a ch s xut hin di .

3. Bn hy th thc hin li macro ti cc v tr khc trong Sheet2.

IV.5. CCH THC HIN MT MACRO N GIN

Di y l cc phng thc thc hin macro, bn co th cho thc hin macro t cc i
tng sau:

i tng ho trong worksheet hoc biu

Nt (button) trong thanh cng c (Toolbar)
Dng lnh (command) trong menu ca Excel

IV.5.1. Thc hin macro t mt i tng ho trong worksheet

Bn co th dng i tng ho trong worksheet thc hin mt macro.

1. Chn Sheet3, ni m cn trng.

2. Vo menu View/Toolbars v bn chn Drawing (tr trng hp thanh cng c Toolbar c
trn mn hnh).
3. Chn i tng ho nh hnh Oval v v hnh oval .
4. G ch vo hnh oval bng cch n phi chut vo ri chn Add Text t thc n tt.
5. G ni dung Address ri bm ra ngoi thot.
6. Bn c th thay i kch thc hnh oval cho ph hp th hin ni dung ch trong v
tnh m thut.
7. n phi chut vo hnh oval , chn Assign Macro.
8. Trong bng Assign Macro, chn macro c tn Address_Ref.
9. Sau n OK.
Sau o, bn cho thc hin th macro:

1. Chn 1 no (v d nh J13).
2. Bm vo hnh oval trn, macro s thc hin.

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Ghi ch:

Nu bn mun di chuyn i tng ho (co macro) ra khoi ch khc trong worksheet, s dng
phi chut di chuyn (v bm tri chut th macro s chy). Cn nu bn mun thay i macro
khc th bn bm phi chut trn i tng, chn Assign Macro v la chn macro no bn mun.

Gn macro vo hnh oval

IV.5.2. Chy macro t nt lnh trn thanh cng c

Ngoi ra, co th chy macro t nt lnh (button) trong cc cc thanh cng c t to (custom
toolbar). Vi d nh co th n inh macro Address_abs trong nt hnh mt ci (Smiley Face) nh
sau:

1. Di chuyn chut n mt im no trong cc thanh toolbar.

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2. n phi chut, trong thc n tt chn Customize.

3. Trong bng Customize, chn tab Toolbars.

4. Chn nt New.

5. Sau bng New Toolbar xut hin v bn g tn vo (Macro1) ri OK.

6. Trong bng Customize, chn tab Commands.

7. Trong hp Categories, chn AutoShapes.

8. Trong Commands, cun xung cho n khi bn chn c hnh ng (Smiley Face).

9. Ti hnh Smiley Face, gi tri v ko chut vo trong thanh cng c Macro1. Bn c th chn
thm cc biu tng khc nu cn.

10. Bm phi chut vo nt Smiley Face, thc n tt s hin ra. Bn c th sa hay xo hnh
v thay bng cc hnh khc.

11. Chn Assign Macro trong thc n tt, chn macro Address_abs v n OK.

12. ng bng Customize vo.

To thanh cng c mi

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Gn hnh vo nt lnh mi

To cc nt lnh trong thanh Macro1 v gn Assign Macro vo.

Ghi ch: Thanh cng c t to thuc s hu ca workbook m no c to ra.

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Bn hay th s dng nt lnh va to ra thc hin cng vic nh sau:

1. Xo sch ni dung ca Sheet2.

2. Bm chut vo nt Smiley Face trong thanh cng c Macro1.

Kt qu s th hin trn Sheet2.

IV.5.3. Chy macro t lnh trong menu ca Excel

T menu ca Excel bn co th thm cc menu mi m khi la chn chng th macro s chy. Vi

d: To menu mi co tn l Work Address co th cha menu con Macro2 trn thanh tiu chun
nh sau:

1. Phi m bo rng workbook ang cha macro ca bn ang hot ng.

2. Thm mt worksheet mi bng cch vo menu Insert/Worksheet (t l Sheet4)
3. Trong menu Tools/Customize, chn tab Commands trong bng Customize.
4. Cun xung dng cui cng v chn New Menu trong Categories.
5. Gi tri chut New Menu trong Commands v ko vo dng menu cnh Help.
6. n phi chut vo New Menu trong menu ca Excel, thc n tt hin ra.
7. Thay tn mi trong Name l &Macro2. Nu ch cn 1 menu ny th bm vo Assign Macro
chn (hnh 10). Cn nu cn thm cc menu con (menu item) th khng cn.

To New Menu trong menu ca Excel

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To menu Maro2 trong menu ca Excel

K t v (&) trc M s gch chn ch M trong menu Macro2 (tr thnh Macro2), o chinh l
phim tt chy macro Macro2 (chi cn n Alt+M).

Tip theo ta tin hnh to menu con trong Macro2:

1. Trong Categories (trong trng hp bng Customize vn ang m), chn Macros.

2. Ti Commands, chn Custom Menu Item, gi tri v ko chut n phn trng di Macro2
(vng c khoanh o).

3. Bm phi chut vo Custom Menu Item trong menu m Macro2.

4. Ti thc n tt, i tn trong Name thnh &Work Address.

5. Sau vo Assign Macro chn macro chy.

6. Cui cng l ng bng Customize.

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To cc menu con

i tn menu con v gn Assign Macro cho no.

Menu mi to c lu gi trong workbook o. K c bn a ong workbook nhng khi bn bm

vo menu th workbook cha menu o t ng m ra v thc hin lnh lun.

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IV.5.4. Thay i la chn trong macro

Nu bn mun thay i cc lc chn chi tit trong macro, bc u tin bn vo menu Tools/Macro
v chn Macros. Sau o chn tn macro m bn mun thay i v bm vo nt Option. Bn co th
thay i phim tt v m t li cng vic macro trong Description.

IV.5.5. Sa Macro

Khi bn ghi macro u tin, Excel to ra molule trong workbook o. Module o cha cc lnh
(code) c vit trong VBA. Cc bc thc hin nhn thy module:

1. T menu Tools/Macro chn Macros.

2. Chn macro Address_abs v bm vo nt Edit.

Ca s Microsoft Visual Basic hin ra nh hnh di. Bn co th thy r c cc dng code

tng macro khi cun xung.

Dng form chung (General form)

T kho (keywords) l s hng c bit trong VB, c th hin bng mu xanh l cy. Tt c cc
macro u bt u vi Sub v kt thc bi End Sub (cn gi l th tc).

Dng mu xanh o vi du u dng c gi l ch thich (comments). Li ch thich khng

anh hng n macro v bn co th thay i ni dung ca no. Tn ca macro v li m t s dng
(description) trong qu trnh ghi macro xut hin di dng ch thich. Bn co th dng comments
ch thich trong qu trnh xy dng macro. Khi o bn s d dng hiu c cc bc cng nh
ni dung thc hin macro.

ng en lin co ngha phn chia cc macro, function (hm) trong module.

ng gch di (_) thinh thong gp cui dng code. Khi code qu di th dng (_) xung
dng, nhng c hiu l code vn lin tc.

Khi bn ghi macro phc tp hn, bn co th gp mt s code khng phi l bn cht ca no

(essential). Excel ghi li tt c nhng g bn thc hin mt cch c th nht, k c nhng i s
(arguments) ci t mc inh trong Excel a s dng. Khi bn di chuyn chut n macro no th
tn ca macro o hin phn khoanh o nh hnh di (Addres_Ref).

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Ca s Microsoft Visual Basic.

To ra nhng thay i
Trong ca s Visual Basic Editor(VBE co cc module. Co th coi module l ni lu tr cc th
tc (sub) v hm (function). y cng l ni khai bo cc hng s, bin s, kiu d liu ngi
dng. Mi module co th cha mt hay nhiu Sub hoc Function. Phn ca s chinh hin ni dung
code trng gn ging nh Word, bn co th d dng to nhng thay i trong o, nh b sung hay
bt i ni dung nu thy cn thit.

Vi d, bn co th thay i tn macro Address_abs thnh Dia_chi chng hn, chi cn g ni dung

Dia_chi thay th Address_abs trong Sub Address_abs. Khi con chut nm trong macro Dia_chi,
bn vo Run v chn Run Sub/UserForm (phim tt F5). xem kt qu nh th no th bn vo
View/Microsoft Excel (phim tt Alt+F11). Lc o ca s VBE vn hin hu trong Task bar.

ong ca s VBE v tr v Excel, bn vo menu File, sau o chn Close and Return to
Microsoft Excel (phim tt Alt + Q).

Ghi macro v xem li nhng g no thc hin l cch hc rt hay, gip cc bn co th hc hoi thm
nhiu lnh, nhiu i tng v cc thuc tinh ca no, hiu r trnh t cc bc thc hin. Nhng
n mt lc no o, bn mun vit mt macro cho ring mnh hoc b sung thm mt vi code
trong macro hin ti thc hin cc bi ton phc tp hn. Khi o vic s dng ghi macro tr
nn khng hu dng na.

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Macro khng th thc hin c cc tc v sau:

Cc kiu vng lp.
Cc kiu hnh ng theo iu kin (s dng If-Then)
Gn gi tri cho bin.
Cc kiu d liu c bit.
Hin cc thng bo (pop-up messages)
Hin cc hp thoi (dialog boxes)
Trong phn di y, bn co th tm c nhiu thng tin v VBA.

IV.6. NG PHP VB (VISUAL BASIC GRAMMAR)

IV.6.1. Cc i tng (Objects)

Visual Basic l ngn ng lp trnh hng i tng (object-oriented). iu o co ngha l cc

thnh phn trong Excel co th coi l cc i tng. Excel co hn 100 i tng. cho cc bn
d hnh dung chng ta co th ly mt vi d nh sau: Ta co mt chic xe my ca Honda, o co th
xem l mt i tng. Honda co nhiu chng loi xe my nh Future, Future II, Future neo; Super
Dream; Wave anh-pha... Vy ta co th xem Xe my ca hng Honda l mt tp hp, trong tp hp
ny co cc i tng cng nm trong mt nhom nh Future, Future II, Future neo.

Cc i tng trong Excel

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Vi d di y l nhng i tng trong Excel:

the Excel application (l ng dng trong Excel- i tng ln nht- hnh di)
a workbook (chnh l file excel)
a worksheet (l cc sheet trong workbook)
a range (l vng)
a chart (l biu )

Bn co th coi nhng i tng trn nh l danh t (vi d: ci bnh l danh t). Trong macro bn
lp, m Range(B3) chinh l i tng.

i tng ny co th cha cc i tng khc trong no. i tng Application bc cao nht
(i tng m), bao gm ton b i tng trong Excel. Nhng thay i xy ra trong i tng
Application nh hng n ton b ni dung trong no. i tng Application co cha i tng
cng ln nh Workbooks. Vi d nh sau:

Application.Workbooks cp (refer) n tt c workbook ang m trong

Excel.Workbooks.Item(1) cp n workbook u tin v thng c gi tt l
Workbooks(1).Workbooks(Seles.xls) s cp n workbook tn o.

Trong workbook thng cha cc worksheet, trong mi worksheet o cha nhiu (cell). Bn co
th cp n B3 nh sau

Workbooks(Seles.xls).Worksheets(Sheet1 ).Range(B3)

Trong lc workbook ang lm vic th no c gi l active workbook (workbook hin hnh),

worksheet no ang hin thi th c gi l active worksheet. Nu bn co vi worksheet ang hin
thi, worksheet no ang co tro (cursor) trong no th c gi l avtive. Nu bn co vi workbook
ang hin thi, workbook no ang cha active worksheet trong no th c gi l avtive
workbook.

Nu bn khng mun thc hin ring trn workbook hay worksheet no, VBA s thc hin trn
active workbook hay active worksheet (mc inh). Cn nu bn thc hin theo mun, th cn
thc hin nh trn (Range(B3)).

Cn Sheets la chn ton b sheet trong workbook, k c chart sheets (biu ) v

worksheets. Sheet(Year2006) s tham chiu n sheet co tn l Year2006.Chart(1) s tham chiu
n chart sheet theo th t tab.

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IV.6.2. Cc phng thc (Methods)

Cc i tng co cc phng thc m co th thc hin cc hnh ng trong no. Nu ta xt n i

tng l Range, vi d di y l cc phng thc co th thc hin:

Activate (Hot ng hay hin hnh)

Clear (Xo)
Copy (Sao chp)
Cut (Ct bo )
Delete (Xo ni dung trong Range)
Select (La chn)

Cc phng thc co th c coi l ng t (vi d: bake l ng t).

C php ca cu lnh trong VB nh sau:
Object.Method (Cake.Bake)

Trong macro bn lp nh sau:

Range(B3).Select

IV.6.3. Cc thuc tnh (Properties)

Mi i tng u co cc c im ring. Thng thng thuc tinh iu khin hnh dng xut hin
ca i tng.

i vi i tng Range, cc thuc tinh c trng nh sau:

ColumnWidth
Font
Formula
Text
Value

Thuc tinh co th c coi gn nh l tinh t. No c thit lp s dng trong cu lnh nh sau:

Object.Property = Value hay Noun.Adjective = Value

Vi macro trn:
ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = Nguyen Van Hung

Tt c cc i tng u c thit lp cc phng php (methods) v nhng thuc tinh

(Properties) trong chng.
Cu lnh nh

Range(C3).ColumnWidth = 14

s thit lp chiu rng ca ct cha C3 rng 14. Excel mc inh chiu rng ca ct l 8.43
im (point).

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IV.6.4. Cc bin (Variables)

Cng nh cc ngn ng lp trnh khc, bn co th s dng cc bin trong vic tinh ton. Bnh
thng, VBA khng yu cu khai bo (declare) nhng bin. VBA lun t ng lu gi i vi
nhng bin vo ln u tin bn s dng. Nhng bin c to ra t ng l cc dng ca bin th
(Variant) v co th l nhng kiu d liu nh cc chui (strings), s (numbers), gi tri Boolean,
cc li (errors), cc mng (arrays) hoc nhng i tng (objects).

Vi d di y l khai bo n inh l s 34 i vi bin X.

X = 34

Trong vi d di y, bin s Number1 v Number2 c a ra gi tri ban u v s dng

chng trong tinh ton (v chng l s).

Number1 = 3
Number2 = 9
Mynumber = Number*Number2

Kiu d liu trong VBA

Mi ng dng thng x l nhiu d liu, ta dng khi nim bin lu tr d liu trong b nh
my tinh, mi bin lu tr 1 d liu ca chng trnh. Mc d VBA khng i hoi, nhng ta nn
inh ngha r rng tng bin trc khi truy xut no code ca chng trnh c trong sng, d
hiu, d bo tr v pht trin. Nu bn cn nhng s liu co c trng ring (nh s nguyn, thp
phn, chui, mng,...) s dng trong macro, bn co th khai bo bin o.

Cng nh quy inh t tn ca macro, cch t tn cho bin nh sau:

Tn bin c th di n 255 k t.
K t u tin phi l mt k t ch (letter), cc k t tip theo c th l cc k t ch
(letter), k s (digit), du gch di (_).
Tn bin khng c cha cc k t c bit nh cc k t : ^, &, ),(,%, $, #, @, !, ~, +, -
, *,
VBA khng phn bit ch HOA hay ch thng trong tn bin.
Nn chn tn bin ngn gn nhng th hin r ngha.
Khi vit tn bin ta nn vit hoa ch u tin ca mt t c ngha.
Khng c dng tn bin trng vi cc t kho nh : Print, Sub, End(t kha l nhng
t m ngn ng VBA dng cho nhng thnh phn xc nh ca ngn ng).

Khai bo kiu d liu

Cch khai bo bin s:

Dim variable_name As data_type

Khai bo bin s l th tc tc ng n quy trnh x l v khng bi thay i bi th tc khc.

Nhng bin s m vt qu vng ca loi d liu quy inh (trong bng trn) th bin s o bi li
Overflow (trn b nh).

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V d: S dng Dim trong khai bo bin s:

Sub Kieudulieu
Dim Tuoi As Integer Tui l s nguyn
Dim Caodo As Single Cao l s
Dim Ten As String Tn ngi l chui
Tuoi = 22 Khai bo tng gi tr Tuoi, Caodo, Ten
Caodo = 6.75
Ten = "Nguyen Van Hung"
MsgBox "Ho va ten: " & Ten & vbTab & vbTab & "Tuoi la " & Tuoi
MsgBox "Cao do ho khoan la + " & Caodo & " (m)"
End Sub

Kt qu th hin hnh v di y:

Kt qu th hin kiu d liu

Co cc kiu d liu (data_type) c trnh by nh sau:

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Vi nhng gi tri khng thay i th nn thit lp nh nhng hng s (constant). iu o ngn cn

chng bi bin i do nhm ln.

V d:

Const Pi = 3.14159
Dientich = Pi*2

Nu bn mun th tc (Sub) khc truy cp nhng bin s o, hay khai bo chng dng u tin
ca Module, trn c cu lnh Sub (hnh 16). Trng hp ny hay s dng khi bn co mt bin s
dng chung cho chng trnh.

Ngoi ra, bn co th yu cu phi khai bo ton b bin s bng cch s dng Option Explicit.
Nu co bin no cha c khai bo, VBA s bo li ngay.

Khai bo Option Explicit v bin dng chung trn cng

Trong vi d tip theo, bin s a khai bo gi tri ban u (bng 0) v sau khi s dng phng
php m cc trong vng B1:B10 tho man iu kin gi tri (value) trong o nho hn 40. Bin
s D s bi thay i.

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Sub VD_Bienso
Dim Marks As Range
Dim C, D As Integer
Set Marks = Range(B1:B10)
D = 0
For Each C in Marks
If C.value < 40 then
D = D + 1
End If
Next C
MsgBox Gia tri moi cua bien so D la & D
End Sub

IV.6.5. S dng mng (Array)

Mng l kiu d liu c bit v hay c ng dng trong vic thng k, tinh ton,... nn c
trnh by mc ring. Cc mng (Arrays) cha cc bin s c sp xp theo trnh t quy inh.
Mi bin s c gi l phn t ca mng. Mng co bin trn v bin di, cc phn t trong
mng l lin tc. Vi d nh danh sch hc sinh trong mt lp, gi tri chi tiu n l trong i vi
mt chi tiu trong mu. Co hai loi bin mng: mng co chiu di c inh v mng ng.

Mng c chiu di c nh
Th tc Dim co th s dng khai bo trong mng co chiu di c inh m khng cn a gi
tri no vo.

V d:

Dim Arr(4)
Dim Myfriends(1 to 30) As String
Dim Noisuy(1 to 20, 1 to 30) As Single

Mng Arr(4) to ra mng 1 chiu cha 5 phn t. Vi kiu khai bo ny (4), phn t u tin (bin
di) l Arr(0). phn t u tin bt u t 1 th bn phi khai bo Option Base 1 trn u ca
th tc (Sub).

Mng Myfriends to ra mng 1 chiu cha c 30 chui (l tn ngi).

Mng Noisuy to ra mng 2 chiu vi kich thc cnh 20 x 30 (tng ng 600 gi tri l s).

Hm s co tn l Array co th to nn mng t cc bin s trong no.

Dim Array(Michael, David, Peter, Jackson)

Khi s dng hm Array, nhng bin s mc inh l kiu bin Variant.

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xc inh thng s ca hm Array, ph bin dng 2 hm sau:

Hm UBound tr v phn t cui cng ca mng.

Hm LBound tr v phn t u tin ca mng.

V d: Hnh di l kt qu ca Sub di y

Option Base 1
Sub assignArray
Dim Arr(4) As String
Arr(1) = "Thang 1"
Arr(2) = "Thang 2"
Arr(3) = "Thang 3"
Arr(4) = "Thang 4"
MsgBox Arr(1) & Chr(13) & Arr(2) & vbNewLine & Arr(3) & vbCrLf & Arr(4)
End Sub

Cc phn t trong mng

Hm Msgbox s cho hin hp thng bo nh bn cnh, cc bn s hc mc sau.

Ngoi ra cc bn cn thy hm Chr(13), vbNewLine, vbCrLf co cng tc dng l ngt dng
trong hp thoi (ging nh phim Enter ngt dng trong Word).

IV.6.6. S Dng With - End With

With - End With dng thc hin nhiu thao tc i vi i tng n l. Phng php ny c
s dng i vi i tng no co nhiu thuc tinh. hiu c cch s dng With - End With
trong cng vic, vi d di y th hin quy trnh thc hin. Chng trnh con ny s lm thay i
5 thuc tinh ca vng inh dng.

Sub ChangeFont1
Selection.Font.Name = Times New Roman
Selection.Font.FontStyle = Bold Italic
Selection.Font.Size = 12
Selection.Font.Underline = xlUnderlineStyleSingle
Selection.Font.ColorIndex = 5
End Sub

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Trong th tc trn, bn thy on Selection.Font. c lp li nhiu ln v bn co th vit li khi

s dng With - End With. Di y l th tc a sa li:

Sub ChangeFont2
With Selection.Font
.Name = Times New Roman
.FontStyle = Bold Italic
.Size = 12
.Underline = xlUnderlineStyleSingle
.ColorIndex = 5
End With
End Sub

Bn s thy khi s dng With- End With, vic qun l cc i tng v thuc tinh ca chng d
dng hn.

IV.7. S DNG GIP HELP

Trong qu trnh vit macro, chc chn bn phi cn n tr gip. Khng c sch no c th vit
c ht v VBA ni ring v cc ngn ng lp trnh ni chung, v nhng kin thc trong o rt
rng ln. V vy bn nn s dng tinh nng Help ca VBA. iu c bn nht s dng Help l
bn phi bit ting Anh c v hiu c cc hng dn o. Nhng ngi co trnh v lp
trnh cao nh ti bit u ch yu s dng sch ting Anh v c trong Help. Ni dung trnh by
di y s cho cc bn hiu c mc tin dng ca Help nh th no.

IV.7.1. Ti thi im ang vit code

Trong qu trnh vit macro ti ca s Microsoft Visual Basic, bn c th truy cp vo help ti

nhng mc chn chi tit (v d nh Select) nh sau:

Chn mc c th (di chuyn chut vo ch Select).

Sau o n phim F1. Khi o hin ca s Microsoft Visual Basic Help nh hnh di.

IV.7.2. S dng hp thoi gip vi ch c th

s dng hp thoi gip vi ch (topic) c th, bn thc hin cc bc sau:

Vo ca s Microsoft Visual Basic ang m (nu cha m th bn vo menu
Tools/Maros/Visual Basic Editer hoc phm tt Alt + F11).
T menu Help, bn chn Microsoft Visual Basic Help.
Bn c th thc hin bng cch s dng chc nng Search (vi d g ni dung
commandbar, ri Enter) hoc c th chn ch m bn ang cn tm trong danh mc.

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Ca s Microsoft Visual Basic Help

S dng Visual Basic Help

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IV.7.3. Trnh duyt i tng

Chn ch c th bng search hoc trong Table of contents

Phng thc trnh duyt i tng (Object Browser) c s dng xem cc i tng, cc
phng php v nhng thuc tinh trong vic b sung thm cc hm s (functions) v cc lnh
(statements) c xy dng trong Visual Basic for Excel.

1. Vo ca s Microsoft Visual Basic ang m.

2. T menu View, bn chn Object Browser (hoc n phim F2).

Sau o ca s hin ra gia cha danh mc cc nhom - lp (classes) khc nhau ca i tng.
Nhom (class) chinh l phn m t cc dng ca i tng (vi d nh particular chart thuc v
nhom Chart) . Nhom thuc d n (project) hay th vin (library).

3. Bm vo hnh tam gic i xung bn cnh <All Libraries> v chn Excel. Khi o cc nhm
thuc Excel s xut hin.
4. Trong vng Classes, ban cun xung v chn Range.
5. Trong Members of Range bn bm vo ClearContents.

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6. Chi dn bn cnh ClearContents m co k hiu mu xanh cho bit i tng o l phng

php (method).
7. Nu mun bit thm thng tin v ClearContents, bn bm vo nt Help (hnh du ? mu vng).
8. xem vi d, bn n vo Example mu xanh (hnh 20).
9. ong ca s hng dn s dng ClearContents v tip tc cun tm cc thnh phn khc
trong Members of Range.
10. Chi dn m co biu tng khc bn cnh (hnh bn tay chi) cho bit hm o l thuc tinh
(property).
11. ong ca s Visual Basic Object Browser vo.

Ca s Object Browser

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Cc nhm thuc i tng Excel

Ca s Help i vi cc i tng trong Excel.

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IV.7.4. Cc tp tin v d

Excel a ra mt s file v d c tn l Samples.xls. Hu ht i vi mi phin bn Excel khc

nhau th ng dn n file ny cng khc nhau. Trong Excel 2003, bn c th tm thy file ny
ti ng dn sau:

C:\Program Files\Microsoft Office\Office10\Samples.xls ???

Samples.xls cp nhiu ng dng ca Excel. Mi sheet hng dn mt phn cng vic. Ni dung
co lin quan n VBA l Chart Labeling, Repeating Tasks, Arrays, API examples, Events,
Automation, ADO,... Hnh nh v file Samples. xls trong Excel 2000.

Ni dung tp tin v d Samples.Xls

IV.8. MT S CHC NNG IU KHIN TRONG VBA

Cng nh VB, VBA co nhng tinh nng iu khin trong qu trnh vit code rt thun li. Bn
c th tu bin thay i nhng thng bo hoc giao din ca ca s son code Microsoft Visual
Basic (MSB).

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S dng Options trong menu Tools ca MVS

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Ca s Editor v Editor Format trong Options

IV.8.1. S dng Options

Bn vo menu Tools, chn Option, ca s Options hin ra. Trong Editor c cc la chn chnh
sau:

Auto Syntax Check: Trong trng hp khng chn, m khi bn thc hin sai th dng o co
mu o, khng xut hin hp thng bo.

Require Variable Declaration: Khi c chn, dng Option Explicit lun xut hin u
Module.

Auto List Members: Khi c chn, VBA s t ng cho hin danh sch cc thuc tnh v
phng thc ca mt iu khin hay mt lp, khi ta g vo tn ca iu khin o.

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Ca s Auto List Members

Auto Quick Info: Tng t nh trn, nhng no hin thi c php ca 1 hm hay th tc, tham s
u tin c in m.

Ca s Auto Quick Info

Auto Data Tip: Hin thi danh sch cc d liu khi khai bo bin.

Ca s Auto Data Tip

Trong ca s Editor Format c cc la chn chnh sau:

Code Color: Bn c th la chn mu ch, mu nn ca tng loi code, mc inh l Auto.

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Font: Chn loi font ch tu thch, mc inh l font Courier New.

Size: Chn kch c font ch.

Ngoi ra cn mt s la chn khc.

Ghi ch:

VBA c rt nhiu i tng, phng thc v thuc tnh. Bn khng th no bit c ht hoc s
bi qun. VBA cung cp cho bn nhng tinh nng gi nh trn gip cc bn c th khai thc tt
hn VBA.

IV.8.2. S dng VBAProject

Trong menu Tools, chn VBAProject Properties, ca s VBAProject hin ra.

VBProject: nhn dng d n ca bn trong Window Registry (khai bo trong Window) v

trong Object Browser. iu quan trng l n c tn duy nht.

Project Description: M t tn ca d n ca bn trong Type Library. Th vin Type Library

cha ton b nhng m t v i tng v giao din ca d n ca bn.

S dng VBAProject Properties

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D n Su_dung_VBA trong <All Librairies> v bo v code trong Protection

C nhng d n (project) ca bn lp ra m khng mun ngi khc xem code, bn c th kho

li. thc hin cng vic ny, trong tab Protection bn la chn nh sau:

Lock project: Kho code trong module, khng cho nhn thy v khng cho sa cha. Bn phi
chn mc Lock project for viewing.

Password to view project properties: Bn phi g ni dung m kho trong hp Password, ni

dung m kho bin thnh du sao *. Sau o, bn phi xc nhn ni dung m kho trong Confirm
password bng cch g li ni dung m kho va vo. Nu bn g khng ng ni dung, VBA s

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bo li v bn phi g li cho ng. S k t ti a l 24 k t, c th l s, ch v cc k t c

bit.

Sau o, mi khi m file trn, c th xem c code, bn vo menu Tools/Macro, chn Visual
Basic Editer (hoc n Alt + F11). Ca s Microsoft Visual Basic hin ra, tuy nhin ton b ni
dung code u khng hin ra. xem c ni dung code, bn nhy kp vo Su_dung_VBA
Project, ca s Su_dung_VBA Password hin ra. Bn phi khai bo ng Password th ni dung
code mi hin ra.

Hp thoi hoi m kho khi bn m Project bi kho.

Ghi ch:

Lu khi s dng m kho, nu bn qun th s khng th m c project. V vy, bn phi nh

ni dung m kho v nn chn ni dung no d nh. Nu mun i m kho th bn vo ca s
Password thay i.

IV.8.3. S dng chc nng Security

My nm gn y, do virus macro pht trin nn Microsoft a b sung thm ch an ton trong

cc ng dng. Chc nng Security iu khin s lm vic ca macro, tc l c th cho hot ng
hoc khng.

1. Bn vo menu Tools/Macro v chn Security, ca s Security hin ra.

2. Trong Security, ti tab Security Level co 4 trng hp chn nh sau:

Very High: t ch an ton rt cao, cc macro khng th chy c, chi tr macro ca

Office.

High: Chi nhng macro c xc nhn mi c th chy, cc macro khc cng bi v hiu
hoa. co macro c xc nhn, bn phi ng k trong menu
Tools\Option\Securitry\More Macro\Trusted Publisher.

Medium: t ch an ton trung bnh. Khi chn trng hp ny, nu bn m file c cha
macro th n s cnh bo nh hnh 35. Bn c th la chn Enable Macros cho macro
hot ng hoc Disable Macros macro khng hot ng. Trong trng hp file ca bn

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khng s dng macro (th tc hay hm t to) m khi m Excel cnh bo th file ca bn
bi nhim virus macro.

Low: Khng t ch an ton, tc l Excel khng cnh bo bt c vn g c.

3. Nh vy, khi bn s dng VBA th nn t Security Level mc Medium hoc Low. Khi
o cc th tc, hoc hm mi hot ng c.

Vo menu Security v ca s Security

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Cnh bo macro cha trong file

IV.9. VIT MACRO

Khi bn tin hnh ghi (record) macro, Excel s t ng to module v b sung n vo trong
workbook v vit li nhng hnh ng bn a ghi thuc v module o.

Khi bn mun vit m (code) trong workbook, bn c th b sung module trong workbook o. S
ghp ni cho pht trin macro c gi l Visual Basic Integrated Development Evironment (IDE).
Macro co trong module c hin ra trong IDE thay th cho bng tnh trong workbook (nh Excel
i trc 97).

IV.9.1. Vit macro

Trc tin chuyn sang workbook mi (nhng cho php workbook c o vn m) nh sau:

Tip theo bm chut vo nt New trong thanh cng c (toolbar), hoc vo menu File ri
chn New.
Bm chut phi ti tn ca Sheet1 v chn Rename trong menu tt.
G ni dung Text ri n Enter.

Vit macro:

1. T menu Tools/Macros bn chn Visual Basic Editor.

2. Trong ca s Microsoft Visual Basic bn vo menu Insert v chn Module.

3. Nu cn, bn c th thay i tn ca module theo mun. Trong ca s Properties, bn cnh

(Name) bn chn Module1 v sa thnh Chuongtrinh.

4. Bm vo vng trng ca ca s Chuongtrinh (phn code).

5. G Sub MyFirst ri bm Enter. Khi o Excel s t ng in v End Sub

6. G cc lnh tng bc mt theo s m t di. Bn c th co c nhng gip trong Sub

Address_abs ti mc IV.5.2.

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Trc o, macro ca bn cha cc lnh n gin.

- Bc 1: Chn sheet co tn Text (dng Sheets(Text).Select)

- Bc 2: G on I can write macros! trong B2 trong sheet o.
- Bc 3: Bi m ch.

Cui cng, bn kim tra (test) li macro Text:

1. Quay tr v sheet Text.

2. T menu Tools/Macros chn Macros.
3. Trong ca s Macros, bn chn macro c tn l MyFirst v chn Run.

Mi vic s tt p, on ch m I can write macros! s c nhp vo B2.

Khi code bi li th s c bng thng bo li.

To Module v Sub trong workbook

Li gp phi trong vic xy dng macro

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Sa li gp phi khi vit code

Khi gp li, bn tin hnh theo cc bc sau y:

Bm vo nt Debug v tm kim li sa li. Li ca cu lnh u tin s c bi nn

mu vng
Sa nhng cu lnh sai trong phn c bi vng o.
Mi tn vng l s cho bit rng macro ang ch dng (break mode).
Ngoi ra bn c th bm vo Run, sau o chn Reset xc lp li hoc chn Design
Mode xc lp ch thit k. Cn nu mun macro chy tip th chn Continue (hoc
n phm F5).
Quay tr v sheet Text v xem macro lm vic c chnh xc khng.

IV.9.2. Sa cha li

Khi bn g mt dng code trong macro v g Enter, Excel s kim tra dng o. Nu no tm c
s hng m hiu c, v d nh range, th s tr thnh Range (ch r t ng chuyn thnh ch
hoa R u).

Nu code o thiu hoc tm ra li, Excel s bin ni dung o thnh mu o v hin ra bng thng
bo li. C nhiu loi li khc nhau, tu vo li c th m c tng kiu ni dung bng thng bo.

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Bo li code

Nu bn mun bit thm thng tin v li o th bm vo nt Help. sa cha li o, bn bm

OK v sa ni dung dng co mu o cho ng.

C nhng trng hp gp phi nhng li m khng c thng bo cho n khi Visual Basic bin
dich no trc khi chy. Trng hp m bn gp o l li compile-time. Visual Basic s cho bit
vi tr ca li o v s gi cho bn thng bo v li o.

Cn cc li khc chi xut hin khi macro chy tht s. o c gi l li run-time. sa cha
li ny th bn bm vo Goto ri sa on code o.

Mt s li gp phi khng hn l li, n chi xut hin khi macro chy. V d nh chia mt s
cho khng (zero) c th xy ra ngoi mun. Da vo hon cnh o m bn c th s dng cu
lnh On Error by li.

IV.10. THAM CHIU N V VNG

Bn co th s dng macro tham chiu n cc hoc vng trong worksheet. Nu bn mun gn
d liu vo worksheet, bn s phi s dng n i tng Range. i tng Range c s dng
vo loi nhiu nht trong Excel tham chiu n ring l (a cell) hoc vng (range). Co vi
cch cho gi tri i tng Range a c m t phia di y.

IV.10.1. Tham chiu kiu A1

Di y l bng vi d cc dng tham chiu n , vng ca theo kiu A1 khi s dng phng
thc Range. ( cp n thay bng tham chiu n)

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V d 1:

Range(A1:A3).Select

th vng A1:A3 s c chn (bi en)

V d 2:

Vi workbook co tn Popupmenu, trong worksheet Sheet1, bn gn ni dung Bo mon DCCT vo

B3. Sau o cho ni dung ch o m, nghing, mu o v nn mu vng.

Code:

Sub Thunghiem
Workbook(Popupmenu).Sheets(Sheet1).Range("B3").Select
ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = "Bo mon DCCT"
Selection.Font.Bold = True
Selection.Font.Italic = True
Selection.Font.ColorIndex = 3
With Selection.Interior
.ColorIndex = 6
.Pattern = xlSolid
End With
Range("B4").Select
End Sub

Hng dn chn vng tt:

Bn co th dng ngoc vung [ ] chn vng thay v . So snh vi vi d nh sau:

[A1:A3].Select l cch chn vng ging nh Range(A1:A3).Select

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IV.10.2. S ch mc (Index numbers)

Thuc tinh Cells co th s dng tr v i tng mng l n. S chi mc hng v ct ca

cung cp cho Cells(row_no,col_no). Nu m khng co s hng v ct th Cells s tr v i tng
l ton b trong sheet (ging nh phim tt Ctr + A).

V d 1:

Cells(4,1) tr v A4
Cells tr v ton b trong sheet

V d 2:

Worksheets(Sheet2).Cells(3,2).Value = 2000

tr v s 2000 trong B3 ti Sheet2, trong workbook hin hnh.

Ghi ch: Thuc tinh Cells c ng dng nhiu khi vit cc vng lp gia cc .

IV.10.3. S hng v s ct (rows and columns)

y l mt cp thuc tinh c gi l Rows v Columns, chng gip bn co th lm vic vi

ton b dng hoc ct.

Tham chiu cp n
Rows(4) Hng s 4
Rows Ton b dng trong sheet hin hnh
Columns(4) Ct D (ct th 4)
Columns(D) Ct D
Columns Ton b ct trong sheet hin hnh

V d:

Worksheets(Week4).Rows(2).Font.Bold = True

cho kt qu l ton b hng 2 trong sheet Week4 ch m ca workbook hin hnh.

Ghi ch: Bn co th thc hin i vi nhiu hng v ct khi s dng phng thc Union.

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Vi d v s hp nht gia hai vng Range1 v Range2 khi s dng phng thc Union c
in y bi cng thc =RAND

Worksheets("Sheet1").Activate
Set Vung = Application.Union(Range("Range1"), Range("Range2"))
Vung.Formula = "=RAND"

IV.10.4. t tn cho vng (named ranges)

Vi mt s trng hp bn phn chia vng cc ra vi tn xc inh d truy cp v nghin cu.

Cng vic ny gn ging nh khi bn s dng chc nng t tn cho vng trong Excel (xem
trong menu Insert/Name/Define...). Khi bn chn tn nhng vng o th Excel s truy cp n
vng m bn la chn. Bn phi t tn nhng vng o trc khi vit macro hay dng chinh macro
to tn ca vng.

Tn c to ra ngoi macro

t tn cho vng, u tin bn chn chn nhng o bng cch bi en, sau o bn bm vo
phn Name Box (phn goc trn bn tri, cng hng vi thanh cng thc). Sau o t tn ca vng
o ri Enter.
Gi thit rng bn t tn Congty cho cc C2:C8 trong sheet Danhsach ca workbook Quanly
(hnh 40).

V d 1: s lm cc trong vng C2:C8 m ln.

Range([Quanly.xls]Danhsach!Congty).Font.Bold = True

V d 2: Nu workbook Quanly v worksheet Danhsach ang hin hnh, th

Range(Congty).Font.Bold = False

s lm cc trong vng C2:C8 mt m (ch bnh thng).

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To tn ca vng

Tn c to ra trong macro

Tn vng co th c n inh khi s dng macro lp, vi d di y:

Workbooks(Congty.xls).Names.Add Name:=Congty, _
RefersTo:==Danhsach!D1:D10
Range(Congty).Font.Italic = True

Kt qu l cc trong vng D1:D10 s bi nghing.

IV.10.5. Nhiu vng (Multiple Ranges)

Trng hp ny hay c s dng tham chiu n nhiu vng trong macro, co th xo sch ni
dung trong cc o.

Worksheets(Bang).Range(A1:C3,H4:L8,P14:Z3 4).ClearContents

s xo sch ni dung nhng a chi inh trong worksheet Bang.

Cn i vi nhng tn vng bn t (nh trn), co th thc hin nh sau:

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Range(Danhsach1, Danhsach2, Danhsach3).ClearContents

Ghi ch: Trong macro, cc vng co th c xc inh, t tn v c phi hp khi s dng

phng thc Union.

IV.10.6. Offset Cells

Thuc tinh Offset thng c s dng tham chiu n khc m co quan h vi ang hot
ng.

Cng thc dng tng qut:

Offset(no_rows_down, no_cols_to_right)

no_rows_down: l s nguyn v c hiu l xung di bao nhiu dng.

no_cols_to_right: l s nguyn v c hiu chuyn sang phi bao nhiu ct.

V d 1:

Nh hnh 41, gi thit B1 l hin hnh. By gi bn dng Offset ch trong C2 co mu

o, C5 m, C8 nghing, C9 co ni dung Xi nghip kho st ia k thut.

Sub Offset
Range("B1").Activate
ActiveCell.Offset(1, 1).Font.ColorIndex = 3
ActiveCell.Offset(4, 1).Font.Bold = True
ActiveCell.Offset(8, 1).Value = "X nghip kho st a k thut"
ActiveCell.Offset(8, 1).Font.Size = 12
Range("E9").Activate
ActiveCell.Offset(-1, -2).Font.Italic = True
End Sub

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S dng Offset tham chiu n cc

Ghi ch: Khi gi tri no_rows_down hoc no_cols_to_right co gi tri m th s co hng ngc
li.

IV.10.7. Kiu tham chiu R1C1

Khi s dng kiu R1C1, Excel s tham chiu n m c xc inh bi s hng v ct. Vi d
tham chiu R4C2 s truy cp n B4.

Khi s dng kiu tham chiu ny, mi quan h gia cc trong tinh ton s c th hin trong
cng thc.

R[m]C[n] s tham chiu n (truy cp n) co m dng phia di v n ct phia bn phi so vi

hot ng (hin hnh). Gi tri m,n co th l s m, khi o hng s ngc li, ln trn v sang bn
tri.

V d 1: Nhp vo cng thc Sum(B2:B4) trong B5.

B5 co ia chi hng 5 v ct B v co gi tri l tng cc ca 3 hng trc o, gm dng th 2

n dng th t nhng cng ct.

T o xy dng macro nh sau:

Range(B5).Select
ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = =Sum(R[-3]C:R[-1]C)

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V d 2: Nhp vo cng thc = F2-F4 trong D5.

Ni dung R1C1 trong FormulaR1C1 co th khng cn dng n v nu bn mun, 2 dng trn co

th ghp thnh 1 nh sau:

Range(B5).Formula = =R[-3]C[2]-R[-1]C[2]

V d 3:

Thay i cng thc thnh gi tri kt qu.

G6 co cng thc l =G5*G4. Vi d G5 co gi tri l 2, G4 co gi tri l 3, nh vy gi tri nhn

c ca G6 l 6. Ta s thay ni dung hm thnh gi tri l 6.

Range(G6).Select
ActiveCell.FormulaR1C1 = =R[-1]C:R[-2]C
Selection.Copy
Selection.PasteSpecial Paste:=xlValues
Application.CutCopyMode = False

Dng lnh cui cng l lnh hu bo ch trng thi Cut/Copy (ng gch nhp nhy bao quanh
a chn).

IV.11. CU TRC IU KHIN

Mt s trng hp, bn phi s dng macro kim tra nhng iu kin c bit trong worksheet
v iu khin chng p ng c yu cu ra. Vi mi iu kin khc nhau th macro s
thc hin cng vic khc nhau.

Vi cu trc iu khin nh vy khng th t ng ghi c, bn phi vit chng trong Visual

Basic.

IV.11.1. Cu lnh IF

y l kiu n gin nht, mu ca cu lnh IF nh sau:

If <iu kin> Then <dng lnh 1> [Else <dng lnh 2>]

Trong chi dn trn, cc thng s trong [ ] l tu chn, co th bo qua nu thy khng cn thit.

Nu <iu kin> c toi nguyn (ng - True) th <dng lnh 1> c thc hin, cn nu khng
c toi nguyn (sai - False) th <dng lnh 2> c thc hin.

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Thng thng, bn hay s dng cu lnh If ... then ... Else m khng cn phi gii hn s dng
lnh. Mu nh sau:

If <iu kin1> Then

<Khi lnh 1 thc hin>
[ElseIf <iu kin2>
<Khi lnh 2 thc hin>]
[ElseIf <iu kin3>
<Khi lnh 3 thc hin>]
[Else
<Khi lnh 4 thc hin>]
End If

Trong mu tng qut trn, t kho ElseIf v Else l tu chn (nh biu thi trong du ngoc
vung). u tin VB kim tra iu kin th nht, nu sai th s chuyn sang iu kin th 2,... cho
n khi iu kin ng. VB thi hnh khi lnh tng ng v sau o, thi hnh dng chng trnh
ngay sau End If.

V d:

Macro di y tm kim gi tri ti A1 (l im trung bnh mn hc).

Nu 10 > A1 8.0 : Hc lc gioi;

Nu 8 > A1 6.5 : Hc lc kh;
Nu 6.5 > A1 5.0 : Hc lc trung bnh;
Nu 5 > A1 0 : Hc lc km.

B2 th hin kt qu hc lc.

Sub Hocluc
Sheets(Sheet1).Select
Range(A1).Select

If ActiveCell >= 8 Then

Range(B2).Value = Hc lc gii
ElseIf ActiveCell >= 6.5 Then
Range(B2).Value = Hc lc kh
ElseIf ActiveCell >= 5 Then
Range(B2).Value = Hc lc trung bnh
Else
Range(B2).Value = Hc lc km
End If
End Sub

Ghi ch: Bn co th bo qua dng Range(A1).Select v thay bng If Range(A1).Value >= 8

Then.

Ngoi ra, bn cng co th s dng If kt thc macro, cu lnh nh sau co th s dng kt

thc macro.

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If ActiveCell = Then End Sub

(nu hin hnh m trng th s kt thc Sub, khng cn phi co End If)

V d:

Gi s bn tm kim gi tri ca mt v bn mun kt qu nh sau

Dng macro khi o trng.

Nhp gi tri Tt vo ngay bn phi o nu co gi tri ln hn 40.
Nhp gi tri Km vo ngay bn phi o nu co gi tri nho hn 40.

Sub user_If
If ActiveCell.Value = "" Then Exit Sub
If ActiveCell.Value >= 40 Then
ActiveCell.Offset(0, 1).Value = "Tt"
Else
ActiveCell.Offset(0, 1).Value = "Xu"
End If
End Sub

IV.11.2. S dng Select Case

Select Case l mt dng ca If ... Then ... Else, c s dng khi co nhiu iu kin chn lc gi
tri. Cu lnh nh sau:

Select Case <biu thc kim tra>

[Case <biu thc 1>
<khi lnh 1>]
[Case <biu thc 2>
<khi lnh 2>]
[Case <biu thc 3>
<khi lnh 3>]
....
[Case Else <biu thc n>
<khi lnh n>]
End Select

Mi danh sch biu thc co 1 hay nhiu gi tri. Cc gi tri cch nhau bng du phy (,). Cn gi
tri bin i trong vng th bn s dng t kho To. Mi khi lnh co th cha 0 hay nhiu dng
lnh. Nu biu thc no tho man iu kin th khi lnh tng ng s thc hin. Case Else khng
nht thit phi co, dng trong trng hp cn li ca cc Case trc.

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V d:

B2 cha gi tri st ca t, C2 s th hin trng thi ca no.

Sub Trangthai
Sheets(Sheet1).Select
Doset = Cells(2,2).Value

Select Case Doset

Case 1, 1 to 10
Cells(2,3).Value= Chy
Case 0.75 to 1
Cells(2,3).Value= Do chy
Case 0.5 to 0.75
Cells(2,3).Value= Do mm
Case 0.25 to 0.5
Cells(2,3).Value= Do cng
Case 0 to 0.25
Cells(2,3).Value= Na cng
Case < 0
Cells(2,3).Value= Cng
End Select
End Sub

IV.11.3. Xy dng cc iu kin

Trong nhiu trng hp, iu kin lc d liu a tr nn kh phc tp. Nu chi s dng If hay
Select Case th cng vic s rt cng knh, rc ri. Trong hon cnh o, And v Or gip bn thc
hin cng vic o, gip chng trnh sng sa v d c.

S dng And

Cu lnh nh sau:

If <iu kin 1> And <iu kin 2> Then

<khi lnh 1>
Else
<khi lnh 2>
End If

<khi lnh 1> chi thc hin khi c hai iu kin 1 v 2 u ng. Chi 1 trong 2 iu kin sai th
<khi lnh 2> s thc hin.

S dng Or

Cu lnh nh sau:

If <iu kin 1> Or <iu kin 2> Then

<khi lnh 1>
Else
<khi lnh 2>
End If

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<khi lnh 1> thc hin khi mt trong hai iu kin 1 v 2 ng. C 2 iu kin sai th <khi
lnh 2> s thc hin.

S dng nhiu And v Or

Cu lnh nh di y:

If <iu kin 1> And <iu kin 2> And <iu kin 3> Then
<khi lnh 1>
Else
<khi lnh 2>
End If

<khi lnh 1> chi thc hin khi c ba iu kin u ng. Chi 1 trong 3 iu kin sai th <khi
lnh 2> s thc hin.

Tng t i vi Or.

V d:

Bn co th xc inh tn t da vo h s rng t nhin, chi s do, st.

Sub Ten_dat
Dim Hsr, Chisodeo, Doset As Single
Hsr = InputBox("Vao gia tri he so rong:")
Chisodeo = InputBox("Vao gia tri chi so deo:")
Doset = InputBox("Vao gia tri do set:")

If Hsr > 1.5 And Chisodeo >= 17 And Doset > 1 Then
MsgBox "Day la dat BUN SET!"
ElseIf Hsr > 1.0 And Chisodeo >= 7 And Doset > 1 Then
MsgBox "Day la dat BUN SET PHA!"
ElseIf Hsr > 0.9 And Chisodeo >= 1 And Doset > 1 Then
MsgBox "Day la dat BUN CAT PHA!"
Else
MsgBox "Chua ro ten dat!!!!"
End If
End Sub

IV.12. HP THOI TRONG VBA

Hp thoi (Dialog) l mt trong nhng cch thc Windows giao tip vi ngi s dng. Di
y l 2 loi hp thoi m bn d dng to ra iu khin trong sut qu trnh chy macro
(MsgBox v InputBox).

IV.12.1. Hp thng bo (Message box)

Cu lnh MsgBox s cho hin ln trn mn hnh mt hp thng bo, gi tri nhn c l bin s
(variable) trong macro (nh hnh 18). S dng MsgBox gip bn rt hiu qu trong vic g ri
(hoc tm ch sai, gi tri trung gian,...) khi xy dng chng trnh.

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Hm MsgBox dng tng qut

MsgBox (prompt [, buttons] [, title] [, helpfile, context])

Trn mn hnh s hin hp thng bo v i bn bm chut vo nt chn v tr v gi tri nguyn

no khi bn chn loi nt.

prompt l ni dung li nhc ca hp thng bo.

buttons l tu chn loi nt iu khin (nh Yes, No, OK)

title l tu chn ni dung ch trn u hp thng bo

helpfile l tu chn v iu khin file tr gip no s dng.

context l tu chn v l s th t tnh hung trong helpfile. Nu helpfile co th mc

context cng phi co.

Cc loi thng ip trong buttons

M t thng s cc nt

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Cc biu tng thng ip

Ghi ch: Ti mi kiu thng ip, m thanh bo khi hin thi thng ip i km theo s khc nhau.

Xy dng tham s cho MsgBox

s dng tu bin hp thng bo, bn phi bit phi hp cc thng s v nt lnh. Vic s dng
hp MsgBox co ngha rt quan trng trong vic iu khin chng trnh. hiu chi tit, cc
bn xem vi d di y.

Sub Nhangui
Dim Truonghop As Integer
Truonghop = MsgBox("Ban co muon thoat khoi chuong trinh khong", _
vbYesNoCancel + vbQuestion + vbDefaultButton1,Chuong trinh tinh lun)

If Truonghop = vbYes Then

MsgBox "Ban vua chon nut Yes.", vbInformation
ElseIf Truonghop = vbNo Then
MsgBox "Ban vua chon nut No.", vbCritical
ElseIf Truonghop = vbCancel Then
MsgBox "Ban vua bam nut Cancel.", vbExclamation
End If
End Sub

Hnh v di th hin kt qu chy Sub trn v hp thng bo khi bn chn nt No. Trong Sub
trn, bn co th thay

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ElseIf Truonghop = vbNo Then

bng
ElseIf Truonghop = 7 Then

Vi d v cch to MsgBox trong VB v khi chn nt No

IV.12.2. Phng thc InputBox (Inputbox Method)

Nhm th hin hp thoi ngi s dng nhp d liu vo.

Khi s dng phng thc ny, mt hp thoi s cho hin ra bn vo d liu, ch cho ngi
dng nhp d liu vo hoc l bm vo nt OK hoc Cancel, gi tri nhn c c coi l chui
(string). y l mt cch vo gi tri n l hoc ia chi ca cc trong qu trnh chy macro.
Bn khng th gn c lnh khi chn nt OK hay Cancel nh trong MsgBox. o chinh l hn
ch ca hm ny nn it c ng dng khi u vo nhiu s liu.

Phng thc InputBox dng tng qut

expression.InputBox (prompt [, title] [, default], [, left], [, top] [helpfile, context] [, type])

Expression: mt biu thc tr v i tng Application.

Trong o:
prompt l ni dung li nhc ca hp vo d liu.
title l tu chn ni dung ch trn u hp vo d liu.
left l tu chn khong cch t goc bn tri hp thoi n goc bn tri mn hnh (mc inh
l hp thoi nm gia mn hnh). n vi tinh l l im (point), mt im bng 1/72 inch
hay khong 1/28 cm. Chc nng ny it s dng.

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top l tu chn khong cch t inh hp thoi n inh mn hnh (mc inh l hp thoi
nm gia mn hnh). n vi tinh l l im.
helpfile l tu chn v iu khin file tr gip no s dng.
context l tu chn v l s th t tnh hung trong helpfile. Nu helpfile co th mc context
cng phi co.
type l tu chn bin s u vo. Trong trng hp bo qua, gi tri u vo coi nh l chui.

V d:

Sub VD_Input
Dim Dangmang
Dim Cot, Hang As Integer
Set Mang = Application.InputBox("Vao mang:", "Linh tinh", Type:=8)
Cot = Dangmang.Columns.Count Tnh s ct chn
Hng = Dangmang.Rows.Count Tnh s hng chn
MsgBox "So cot la: " & Cot
MsgBox "So hang la: " & Hang
MsgBox "Dia chi o dau la: " & Dangmang.Cells(1, 1).Address
MsgBox "Dia chi o cuoi la: " & Dangmang.Cells(Cot, Hang).Address
Address l thng tin a ch
End Sub

Kt qu vo d liu l mng di y. Ngoi ra bn cn thu c mt s thng tin v mng o

nh s hng, s ct, ia chi ,...

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Hnh ng Lp (Loop) Gii Php Excel | 518

Vi d v s dng InputBox

IV.13. HNH NG LP (LOOP)

Hnh ng lp cho php bn thc hin mt on chng trnh nhiu ln. Chc nng ny ht sc
co ngha khi bn x l cc i tng l mng. Bn co th iu khin hnh ng lp theo quy
inh t ra. Co cc kiu hnh ng lp nh sau:

IV.13.1. Do ... Loop

Thc hin mt khi lnh vi s ln lp xc inh. Trong o, mt biu thc iu kin dng so snh
quyt inh vng lp tip tc hay khng. iu kin phi quy v False (0) hoc True (khc 0).
Mu tng qut:

Do
<khi lnh>
Loop

V d:

Sub VD_Do
m = 4 m nhn gi tr ban u l 4
Do bt u vng lp
m = m + 1 t gi tr m tng (+ 1)
MsgBox m hp thng bo gi tr m
If m > 10 Then Exit Do nu m > 10 th s thot khi Do
Loop Tip tc lp
End Sub

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IV.13.2. Do While ... Loop

Thc hin khi lnh khi iu kin True. Hnh ng s lp vi iu kin True, cho n khi iu
kin False th s thot ra. Mu tng qut:

Do While <iu kin>

<khi lnh>
Loop

V d:

Sub VD_DoW_Loop
i = 1 t i lc u bng 1
Do While i <= 10 t gii hn cho i, nu False th thot
Cells(i,1) = i Gn i vo
i = i + 1 Cho gi tr i tng dn
MsgBox i Hp thng bo gi tr i
Loop Tip tc lp
End Sub

IV.13.3. Do ... Loop While

Tng t nh Do While ... Loop, thc hin khi lnh khi iu kin True. Hnh ng s lp vi
iu kin True, cho n khi iu kin False th s thot ra. Mu tng qut:

Do
<khi lnh>
Loop While <iu kin>

V d:

Sub VD_Do_LoopW
i = 1
Do
Cells(i,3) = i
i = i + 1
Msgbox i
Loop While i <= 10
End Sub

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IV.13.4. Do Until ... Loop

Bn co th thc hin cc khi lnh t u vng lp cho n khi iu kin vn True. n khi iu
kin False th s thot ra. Phng thc ny ging nh vng lp For ... Next. Mu tng qut:

Do Until <iu kin>

<khi lnh>
Loop

V d:

Sub VD_DoU_Loop
i = 1
Do Until i = 10
Cells(i,5) = i
i = i + 1
MsgBox i
Loop
End Sub

Tng t i vi Do ... Loop Until.

IV.13.5. For ... Next

Bn co th lp hnh ng vi s ln bit trc. Ta dng bin m tng dn hoc gim dn trong

vng lp.

For <bin m> = <im u> To <im cui> [Step <bc nhy>]
<khi lnh>
Next [<bin m>]

Bin m, im u, im cui, bc nhy l nhng gi tri s. Bc nhy co th l gi tri dng

(tng) hoc m (gim). Nu Step khng c chi inh ra, mc inh bc nhy l 1.

V d 1: Khng dng Step

Sub VD_ForNext
For i = 1 To 5
Cells(10, i) = i
MsgBox i
Next
End Sub

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V d 2: Dng Step

Sub VD_ForNext_Step
For i = 1 To 7 Step 2
Cells(12, i) = i
MsgBox i
Next
End Sub

Trong vi d ny, gi tri i tng tng bc 1, 3, 5, 7.

IV.13.6. For Each ... Next

Tng t nh vng lp For ... Next, nhng no lp khi lnh theo s phn t ca mt tp hp i
tng hay mt mng, thay v theo s ln lp xc inh. Vng lp ny rt tin li khi ta cha bit
chinh xc bao nhiu phn t trong tp hp.

For Each <phn t> In <nhm>

<khi lnh>
Next <phn t>

xc inh tn v s lng sheet trong workbook th bn dng th tc sau:

Sub ShowWorkSheets
Dim mySheet As Worksheet
Dim i As Integer : i = 1
For Each mySheet In Worksheets
MsgBox mySheet.Name
i = i + 1
Next mySheet
MsgBox "So sheet trong workbook la " & i
End Sub

IV.13.7. Lnh thot (Exit)

Trong mt s trng hp, bn co th thot khoi cng vic no o khi a tho man yu cu cng
vic. Bn co th s dng th tc Exit nh Exit Do (thot khoi vng lp Do ... Loop), Exit For (thot
khoi vng For ... Next), Exit Function (thot khoi hm), Exit Sub (thot khoi chng trnh), Exit
Property (thot khoi thuc tinh ang lm vic).

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V d:

Sub ExitStatementDemo
Dim I, MyNum
Do ' t vng lp Do Loop
For I = 1 To 1000 ' Lp 1000 ln
MyNum = Int(Rnd * 1000) ' To s nguyn ngu nhin
Select Case MyNum ' Tnh ton vi s nguyn trn
Case 7: Exit For ' Nu l 7, thot khi For...Next
Case 29: Exit Do ' Nu l 29, thot khi Do...Loop
Case 54: Exit Sub ' Nu l 54, thot khi vng Sub
End Select
Next I
Loop
End Sub

IV.13.8. Vng lp lng

Vng lp co th c lng vo nhau. ng dng ny rt co hiu qu khi bn tinh ton vi mng

hay i vi bng tinh nhiu chiu.

V d:

SubCellsExample
For i = 1 To 5
For j = 1 To 5
Cells(i, j) = "Row " & i & " Col " & j
Next j
Next i
End Sub

Kt qu th hin hnh v di y:

Sn phm to ra khi dng vng lp lng.

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IV.14. CC HM T NH NGHA

Hm tr v tn sheet hin hnh

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> m ca s VBE (Visual Basic Editor)

2. Vo Insert, chn Module.

3. Nhp vo on ma sau:

Function TabName()
TabName = ActiveSheet.Name
End Function

4. ong ca s VBA Editor bng phm tt <Alt+Q>, v ti A1 nhp vo hm sau:

=TabName().

5. Nhn <Enter> v xem kt qu

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Hm tr v tn workbook hin hnh

Excel co sn hm =CELL("Filename") tr v tn workbook km theo ng dn. Cch d hn

ly tn workbook l vit hm t to.

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

2. Vo Insert, chn Module.

3. Nhp on ma sau:

Function WkbName()
WkbName = ActiveWorkbook.Name
End Function

4. ong ca s VBE bng <Alt+Q>, ti A3 nhp vo hm: =WkbName().

5. Nhn <Enter> v xem kt qu.

Hm tr v ng dn n workbook hin hnh

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

2. Vo Insert, chn Module.

3. Nhp on ma sau:

Function WkbPath()
WkbPath = ActiveWorkbook.Path
End Function

4. ong ca s VBE v ti A4 nhp vo hm sau: =WkbPath().

5. Nhn <Enter> v xem kt qu.

Hm tr v tn y ca workbook

Chng ta a vit hm tr v tn workbook v ng dn n workbook. ly tn workbook y

(ng dn v tn) th chng ta dng hm sau.

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

2. Vo Insert, chn Module.

3. Nhp on ma sau:

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Function WkbFull()
WkbFull = ActiveWorkbook.FullName
End Function

4. ong ca s VBE v ti A5 nhp vo cng thc: =WkbFull().

5. Nhn <Enter> v xem kt qu.

Hm tr v User hin ti ca Windows hoc Excel

ly tn User Windows hin hnh:

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

2. Vo Insert, chn Module.

3. Nhp on ma sau:

Function User()
User = Environ("Username")
End Function

4. ong ca s VBE v chn A6 nhp vo hm sau: =User().

5. Nhn <Enter> v xem kt qu.

ly tn User Excel hin hnh:

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

2. Vo Insert, chn Module.

3. Nhp on ma sau:

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Function ExcelUser()
ExcelUser = Application.UserName
End Function

4. ong ca s VBE v chn A7 nhp vo hm sau: =ExcelUser().

5. Nhn <Enter> v xem kt qu.

Hm tr v cng thc trong mt (cell) xc nh

ng dng rt tt cho trng hp chng ta mun hin thi cng thc dng Text bn cnh tinh ton

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

2. Vo Insert, chn Module.

3. Nhp on ma sau:

Function FormT(rng As Range)

FormT = " " & rng.Formula
End Function

4. ong ca s VBE v ti B5 nhp vo hm: =FormT(A5) xem cng thc dng trong A5

5. Nhn <Enter> v xem kt qu.

Hm kim tra xem mt c cha cng thc hay khng

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

2. Vo Insert, chn Module.

3. Nhp on ma sau:

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Function FormYes(rng As Range)

FormYes = rng.HasFormula
End Function

4. ong ca s VBE v ti B1 nhp vo hm: =FormYes(A1).

5. Chp xung n B5 v xem kt qu, nu cha cng thc th kt qu tr v True ngc li

th tr v False

Hm kim tra xem mt (cell) trong bng tnh c ang p dng tnh nng Data
Validation hay khng

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

2. Vo Insert, chn Module.

3. Nhp on ma sau:

Function Valid(rng As Range)

Dim intV As Integer
On Error GoTo errorM
intV = rng.Validation.Type
Valid = True
Exit Function
errorM:
Valid = False
End Function

4. ong ca s VBE v ti C1 nhp vo hm: =Valid(A1) kim tra A1

5. Nhn <Enter> v xem kt qu.

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Hm kim tra xem mt (cell) c cha ch thch (comment) hay khng

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

2. Vo Insert, chn Module.

3. Nhp on ma sau:

Function ComT(rng As Range)

On Error GoTo errorM
If Len(rng.Comment.Text) > 0 Then ComT = True
Exit Function
errorM:
ComT = False
End Function

4. ong ca s VBE, chn vng C1:C5 v nhp vo hm: =ComT(A1).

5. Nhn <Ctrl+Enter> v xem kt qu.

Hm tnh tng cc t nn theo mu xc nh

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

2. Vo Insert, chn Module.

3. Nhp on m sau:

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Function SumColor(Area As Range, Ci As Integer)

Dim sng As Single, rng As Range
For Each rng In Area
If rng.Interior.ColorIndex = Ci Then sng =
sng+rng.Value
Next rng
SumColor = sng
End Function

4. ong ca s VBE v ti C6 nhp vo hm: =SumColor(A1:A5,3).

5. Nhn <Enter> v xem kt qu.

Ghi ch: Mu nn (1=black, 2=white, 3=red, 4=green,5=blue, ...).

Hm tnh tng cc cha Font ch theo mu xc nh

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

2. Vo Insert, chn Module.

3. Nhp on ma sau:

Function SumColorF(Area As Range, Ci As Integer)

Dim sng As Single, rng As Range
For Each rng In Area
If rng.Font.ColorIndex = Ci Then sng =
sng+rng.Value
Next rng
SumColorF = sng
End Function

4. ong ca s VBE, ti A6 nhp vo hm: =SumColorF(A1:A5,5).

5. Nhn <Enter> v xem kt qu.

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Ghi ch: Mu nn (1=black, 2=white, 3=red, 4=green,5=blue, ...)

Hm xo b cc s 0 ng trc gi tr s khi mt xc nh

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

2. Vo Insert, chn Module.
3. Nhp on ma sau:

Function KillZeros(rng As Range)

Dim intS As Integer
intS = rng
While intS - Int(intS) > 0
intS = intS * 10
Wend
KillZeros = intS
End Function

4. ong ca s VBE v chn vng B1:B5 nhp vo hm: =KillZeros(A1).

5. Nhn <Ctrl+Enter> v xem kt qu.

Hm xo b cc k t ch khi mt xc nh

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

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2. Vo Insert, chn Module.

3. Nhp on ma sau:

Function LetterOut(rng As Range)

Dim i As Integer
For i = 1 To Len(rng)
Select Case Asc (Mid(rng.Value, i, 1))
Case 0 To 64, 123 To 197
LetterOut = LetterOut & Mid(rng.Value, i, 1)
End Select
Next i
End Function

4. ong ca s VBE, chn vng B1:B5 v nhp vo hm: =LetterOut(A1).

5. Nhn <Ctrl+Enter>.

Hm xo b tt c k t s khi mt xc nh

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

2. Vo Insert, chn Module.

3. Nhp on ma sau:

Function NumberOut(rng As Range)

Dim i As Integer
For i = 1 To Len(rng)
Select Case Asc (Mid(rng.Value, i, 1))
Case 0 To 64, 123 To 197
Case Else
NumberOut = NumberOut & Mid(rng.Value, i, 1)
End Select
Next i
End Function

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4. ong ca s VBE, chn vng B1:B5 v nhp vo hm: =NumberOut(A1).

5. Nhn <Ctrl+Enter>.

Hm xc nh v tr ca k t s u tin trong chui cho trc trong

1. Nhp cc chui vo vng A1:A5.

2. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

3. Vo Insert, chn Module.

4. Nhp on ma sau:

Function FirstNum(rng As Range)

Dim i As Integer
For i = 1 To Len(rng.Value)
Select Case Mid(rng.Value, i, 1)
Case 0 To 9
FirstNum = i
Exit Function
End Select
Next i
End Function

5. ong ca s VBE, chn vng B1:B5 v nhp vo hm: =FirstNum(A1).

6. Nhn <Ctrl+Enter>.

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Hm tnh tng tt c ch s ca con s cho trc trong (cell)

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

2. Vo Insert, chn Module.

3. Nhp on ma sau:

Function Qs(rng As Range)

Dim i As Integer
For i = 1 To Len(rng.Value)
Qs = Qs+Cint (Mid(rng.Value, i, 1))
Next i
End Function

4. ong ca s VBE, chn vng B1:B5 v nhp vo hm: =Qs(A1).

5. Nhn <Ctrl+Enter>.

Hm tnh tng tt c ch s ca cc con s trong vng (range)

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

2. Vo Insert, chn Module.

3. Nhp on ma sau:

Function QsE(Area As Range)

Dim i As Integer
Dim rng As Range
For Each rng In Area
For i = 1 To Len(rng.Value)
QsE = QsE+CInt (Mid(rng.Value, i, 1))
Next i
Next rng
End Function

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Cc Hm T nh Ngha Gii Php Excel | 534

4. ong ca s VBE, chn B1 v nhp vo hm: =QsE(A1:A5).

5. Nhn <Enter> v xem kt qu.

Hm kim tra mt worksheet co rng hay khng

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

2. Vo Insert, chn Module.

3. Nhp on ma sau:

Function ShEmpty(s As String) As Boolean

If Application.CountA (Sheets(s).UsedRange) = 0
Then
ShEmpty = True
Else
ShEmpty = False
End If
End Function

4. ong ca s VBE, chn A1 trong Sheet1 no o v nhp vo hm:=ShEmpty("Sheet2") ,

(vi Sheet2 l sheet cn kim tra).

5. Nhn <Enter> v xem kt qu.

Hm kim tra mt worksheet c ang c bo v (protected) hay khng

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

2. Vo Insert, chn Module.

3. Nhp on ma sau:

Function ShProt(s As String) As Boolean

On Error GoTo errorM

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Cc Hm T nh Ngha Gii Php Excel | 535

If Sheets(s).ProtectContents = True Then

ShProt = True
End If
Exit Function
errorM:
ShProt = False
End Function

4. ong ca s VBE, chn A1 trong Sheet1 v nhp vo hm: =shProt("Sheet2") , (vi Sheet2
l sheet cn kim tra).

5. Nhn <Enter> v xem kt qu.

Hm to AutoText ca ring bn

1. Nhn <Alt+F11> vo VBE.

2. Vo Insert, chn Module.

3. Nhp on ma sau:

Function AuTxt(rng As Range) As String

Select Case rng.Value
Case 1
AuTxt = "fire"
Case 2
AuTxt = "water"
Case 3
AuTxt = "heaven"
Case Else
AuTxt = "invalid text"
End Select
End Function

4. ong ca s VBE, chn vng B1:B4 v nhp vo hm: =AuTxt(A1).

5. Nhn <Ctrl+Enter>.

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Thc Hnh V Hm Subtotal Gii Php Excel | 536

Phn V
THC HNH, TI V & THAM KHO

V.1. THC HNH V HM SUBTOTAL

Hm SUBTOTAL l mt hm rt linh hot nhng cng l mt trong cc hm hi kho s dng ca
Excel. iu kho hiu th nht chinh l ci tn ca no v no thc s lm c nhiu th hn ngha
ca tn hm. i s th nht ca hm bt buc bn phi nh con s i din cho php tinh cn
thc hin trn tp s liu. (Trong Excel 2007 co tinh nng AutoComplete gip chng ta khoi nh
cc con s ny). Hm SUBTOTAL c Microsoft nng cp k t phin bn Excel 2003 vi s
gia tng cc tu chn cho i s th nht ca hm, tuy nhin iu ny dn n s khng tng
thich vi cc phin bn c nu chng ta s dng cc tinh nng mi b sung ny.

i s u tin ca ca hm SUBTOTAL xc inh hm thc s no s c s dng khi tinh ton

(xem trong danh sch bn di). Vi d nu i s l 1 th hm SUBTOTAL hot ng ging nhng
hm AVERAGE, nu i s th nht l 9 th hm hm SUBTOTAL hot ng ging nhng hm
SUM.

Subtotal l hm tnh ton cho mt nhm con trong mt danh sch hoc bng d liu tu theo php
tnh m bn chn la trong i s th nht. (Bi vit ny p dng cho Excel 2003/2007+)

C php: =SUBTOTAL(function_num,ref1,ref2,...)

Function_num l cc con s t 1 n 11 (hay 101 n 111) qui inh hm no s c dng

tinh ton trong subtotal
Ref1, ref2, l cc vng ia chi tham chiu m bn mun thc hin php tinh trn o.

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Ghi ch:

Nu co hm subtotal khc lng t ti cc i s ref1, ref2, th cc hm lng ny s bi

bo qua khng c tinh nhm trnh trng hp tinh ton 2 ln.
i s function_num nu t 1 n 11 th hm SUBTOTAL tinh ton bao gm c cc gi
tri n trong tp s liu (hng n). i s function_num nu t 101 n 111 th hm
SUBTOTAL chi tinh ton cho cc gi tri khng n trong tp s liu (bo qua cc gi tri n).
Hm SUBTOTAL s bo qua khng tinh ton tt c cc hng bi n bi lnh Filter (Auto
Filter) khng ph thuc vo i s function_num c dng.
Hm SUBTOTAL c thit k tinh ton cho cc ct s liu theo chiu dc, no khng
c thit k tinh theo chiu ngang.
Hm ny chi tinh ton cho d liu 2-D do vy nu d liu tham chiu dng 3-D (Vi d v
tham chiu 3-D: =SUM(Sheet2:Sheet13!B5) th hm SUBTOTAL bo li #VALUE!.
(Cc loi tham chiu xem bi s ng tip sau)

Gi tr ca i s th nht
Hm tnh ton
Tnh ton bao gm Khng tnh ton thc s
c cc gi tri n cc gi tri n
1 101 AVERAGE
2 102 COUNT
3 103 COUNTA
4 104 MAX
5 105 MIN
6 106 PRODUCT
7 107 STDEV
8 108 STDEVP
9 109 SUM
10 110 VAR
11 111 VARP

Lu : Excel 2000/XP (2002) i s function_num chi nhn gi tri t 1 n 11 v Excel mc inh

l khng tinh ton cc gi tri n (bi ngc vi Excel 2003/2007 gy ra tnh trng khng tng
thich gia cc phin bn).

V d:

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Thc Hnh V Hm Subtotal Gii Php Excel | 538

S dng tnh nng chn hm Subtotal

Tinh nng Data | Outline | Subtotal t thanh thc n gip chng ta chn hm Subtotal vo bng
s liu mt cch t ng v cc php tinh co th tinh cho cc nhom d liu khc nhau. s dng
chc nng ny trc tin tp s liu phi c sp xp theo th t ti cc ct d liu (Field) m ta
cn nhom li khi tinh ton.

Vi d: Cho tp s liu nh hnh di hay tinh Tng (2 ct Sales v Contacts) cho tng thng v
tng cho tng khu vc (Lu tp s liu bn di a c sp xp cc ct Month v Region trc
khi thc hin lnh SubTotal).

thc hin yu cu trn, ta hin hnh trong vng d liu cn tinh v chn thanh Ribbon |
Data | Outline | SubTotal (Excel 2007, Excel c th chn Data | Subtotals). Hp thoi Subtotal
xut hin nh hnh di.

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Thc Hnh V Hm Subtotal Gii Php Excel | 539

Cc tu chn trong hp thoi Subtotal:

At Each Change In: Lit k tt c cc tn ct hay trng (Field) ca vng (hay bng) s
liu tinh ton.
Use Function: Chn hm tinh t danh sch 11 hm (Hm Sum c mc inh.)
Add Subtotal To: Lit k tt c cc trng ca vng (hay bng) s liu tinh ton. nh
du kim k bn tn trng chn cc trng cn thc hin php tinh.
Replace Current Subtotals: Nu c chn, Excel s xo bo cc lnh subtotal trc o
v thay th bng lnh subtotals hin hnh.
Page Break between Groups: Nu c chn, Excel s chn cc du ngt trang sau mi
nhm tnh subtotal.
Summary below Data: Nu c chn, Excel s t cc kt qu tinh subtotals bn di
mi nhom s liu (mc inh), ngc li th Excel s t kt qu tinh subtotals bn trn mi
nhom s liu.
Remove All: Nu chn nt ny th Excel s xo bo tt c cc lnh subtotal trong vng s
liu.

Sau khi thit lp v nhp nt OK, Excel s phn tich vng s liu v chn cc hm subtotal tinh
ton theo qui inh trn v to ra outline cho vng d liu. Hnh bn di minh ho kt qu dng
lnh subtotals vi vic chn Add Subtotal To cho 2 trng Month v Region.

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Thc Hnh V Hm Subtotal Gii Php Excel | 540

Lu : Nu dng subtotals cho mt vng d liu a p dng lnh Filter, th hm subtotal co th

s khng cho kt qu ng khi ta bo lnh Filter.

Bng kt qu trn c thc hin bng 2 lnh subtotal, lu khi ra lnh subtotal th hai bn nh
bo tu chn Replace Current Subtotals trong hp thoi Subtotal.

Cc hm SUBTOTAL dng trong lnh Subtotal cng chinh l hm Subtotal ca Excel tuy nhin
khi thc hin lnh Subtotal th Excel to gip chng ta Outline mt cch t ng. Chng hn nh
cng thc Subtotal ti E9 (Tng doanh s ca thng mt) l nh sau:

=SUBTOTAL(9,E2:E7)

Mc d cng thc ny co vng tham chiu cha 2 co s dng hm SUBTOTAL (ti E4 v

E8) m kt qu khng h sai, v cc cha cng thc ny s bi loi ra trong qu trnh tinh ton
ca hm Subtotal ti E9 (xem li bi vit v hm Subtotal phn ghi ch).

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Thc Hnh V Hm Subtotal Gii Php Excel | 541

Chng ta co th dng cc nt iu kin Outline (bn tri ca s bng tinh) iu chinh cc mc

trnh by kt qu tinh ton, vi d nh hnh di chng ta xem kt qu trnh by m mc Outline
3.

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Thc Hnh Offset Gii Php Excel | 542

V.2. THC HNH OFFSET

V.2.1. Gii thiu hm Offset

Tr v tham chiu n mt vng no o, cch mt hoc mt dy mt khong cch vi s dng

hoc s ct c chi inh trc. Chng ta c th chi inh s dng, s ct ca vng tham chiu tr
v.

C php: =OFFSET(reference, rows, cols, height, width)

Trong :
reference: l vng tham chiu lm c s cho hm (lm im xut pht) to vng tham
chiu mi. reference phi chi n mt hoc mt dy lin tc, nu khng hm s tr v
li #VALUE!.

rows: l s dng bn trn hoc bn di reference, tnh t u tin ( gc trn bn tri)

ca reference. V d nu rows l 3, s c 3 dng tr v v nm bn di reference. Khi
rows l s dng th cc dng tr v nm bn di reference, khi rows l s m th cc
dng tr v nm bn trn reference.

cols: l s ct bn tri hoc bn phi reference, tnh t u tin ( gc trn bn tri) ca

reference. V d nu cols l 4 s c 4 ct tr v v nm bn phi ca reference. Khi cols l
s dng th cc ct tr v nm bn phi reference, khi cols l s m th cc ct tr v nm
bn tri reference.

height: l s dng ca vng tham chiu cn tr v. Height phi l s dng.

width: l s ct ca vng tham chiu cn tr v. Width phi l s dng.

Lu :
Nu rows v cols lm cho tham chiu tr v vt ra ngoi phm vi ca mt worksheet, hm
Offset s bo li #REF!

Nu bo qua height v width, th height v width s co kich thc mc inh l height v

width ca reference.

Offset tht s khng di chuyn bt c no, cng khng thay i bt k phn chn no,
n chi tr v tham chiu m thi. Chng ta c th s dng Offset vi bt k hm no cn
i s l mt tham chiu. V d, cng thc Sum(Offset(C10,1,2,3,1)) s tnh tng cc gi
tr ca mt dy gm ba dng, mt ct; y l dy nm bn di C10 mt dng v bn
phi ny hai ct.

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Thc Hnh Offset Gii Php Excel | 543

B3 l u tin trong vng t mu vng

Tinh tng vng E11:E13 bng Offset vi c s l C10

V d:

Hin thi gi tri ti K5 thng qua c s H3, kt qu him thi ti H8

Ti H8 nhp vo: =Offset(H3,2,3,1,1)

Tinh tng vng H13:J15 thng qua vng tham chiu c s H15:J17, v hin thi kt qu ti H19

Ti H19 nhp vo: =Sum(Offset(H15:J17,-2,0,3,3))

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Thc Hnh Offset Gii Php Excel | 544

Hin thi gi tri ca nm trn c s O3 ba dng (vt tham chiu ca worksheet v ti a chi
co th co 2 dng nm trn O3) v nm bn phi c s 2 ct. Hm bo li #REF!.

V.2.2. Offset v Validation List

Co bao gi bn mun to mt Validation List m ni dung ca no thay i theo s thay i ca

mt List khc (danh sch). Bi vit ny s hng dn tng bc cch lm:

Gi s bn co danh sch gm 2 ct: OS (h iu hnh) v Versions (Phin bn) (Xem file inh
km). By gi bn mun to mt Validation List khi ti G3 ta chn mt OS no o th danh
sch trong H3 s chi hin thi cc Versions ca OS m ta ang chn (xem hnh sau).

Validation Lists thay i ni dung theo mt Validation List khc

Qui trnh thc hin:

B1. To mt danh sch A1:B34 (xem file inh km), vi 2 ct OS v Versions. Lu mt OS co

th co nhiu Version.

B2. t tn cho vng A2:A34 vi tn l OS. Bn qut chn vng A2:A34 nhn t hp
<Ctrl+F3> Chn New g OS vo hp Name, chn Scope l Worksheet Offset2 hoc
Workbook u c v ti Refers to g vo =A2:A34 Nhn nt OK (Excel 2007). Nu dng
cc phin bn Excel trc th sau khi nhn <Ctrl+F3> l co th khai bo vic t tn vng v sao
o nhn nt Add hon thnh.

t tn cho vng A2:A34 (giao din Excel 2007 v Excel 2002)

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B3. To mt danh sch cha tn cc h iu hnh c trich ra t ct OS (danh sch ny khng

trng lp). Bn qut chn cc D2:D34 dng cha danh sch kt qu trich lc khng trng
nhp vo cng thc mng trich lc sau:

=IF(ISERR(INDEX(OS,SMALL(IF(MATCH(OS,OS,0)=ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(OS)))
, MATCH(OS,OS,0),""),ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(OS)))))),"",
INDEX(OS,SMALL(IF(MATCH(OS,OS,0)=ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(OS))),
MATCH(OS,OS,0),""),ROW(INDIRECT("1:"&ROWS(OS))))))

Kt thc cng thc bng t hp phim <Ctrl+Shift+Enter>. Cng thc trn s trich ra cc loi h
iu hnh (OS) v mi loi chi ly mt ln, cc dng trng s thay bng .

Nu a dng Excel 2007+ lm, th ta co th thay bng cng thc dng IFERROR:
=IFERROR(INDEX(OS, SMALL(IF(MATCH(OS, OS, 0) = ROW(INDIRECT("1:" &
ROWS(OS))), MATCH(OS, OS, 0), ""), ROW(INDIRECT("1:" & ROWS(OS))))),"")

To danh sch OS duy nht

B4. Sau khi a co danh sch cc OS duy nht, bn hay t tn cho danh sch ny. Lu , co kh
nng co nhng loi OS khc do vy y khi t tn l dng hm Offset tham chiu n vng
d liu ng.

Bn nhn <Ctrl+F3> Chn New t tn cho vng l OSValList ti Name ti Refers to

nhp vo cng thc sau:
=OFFSET(Offset2!$D$2,0,0, COUNTA(Offset2!$D$2:$D$34) -
COUNTIF(Offset2!$D$2:$D$34,""),1)

Cng thc trn gip tr v vng tham chiu cc OS duy nht mt cch ng.

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Thc Hnh Offset Gii Php Excel | 546

t tn (Name) tham chiu n vng (Range) ng

B5. To bng nho nh hnh bn di. Chn G3 v t tn l Val1Cell, chn H3 t tn l
Val2Cell (theo cch t tn nu trn hoc co th t tn bng cch g trc tip vo Name Box).

To bng chn la

B6. y l bc quan trng gip cho danh sch chn ti H3 s thay i ph thuc vo ty chn
ti G3. Bn t tn cho vng Versions vi tham chiu tr v thay i theo ty chn ca G3 nh
sau:

Nhn <Ctrl+F3> chn New ti hp Name nhp vo tn l Versions ti Refers to

nhp vo cng thc sau;

=OFFSET(INDIRECT(ADDRESS(MATCH(Val1Cell,OS,0)+1,2,,,)),0,0,
COUNTIF(OS,Val1Cell),1)

Cng thc ny gip chn ra vng Versions tng ng vi vic chn OS ti G3.

B7. p Validation cho 2 G3 v H3:

Chn G3 vo Data Data Validation Settings chn List ti Source nhp vo

=OSValList nhn nt Ok hon tt.

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Thc Hnh Offset Gii Php Excel | 547

Chn H3 vo Data Data Validation Settings chn List ti Source nhp vo

=Versions nhn nt Ok hon tt.

Khai bo Data Validation cho G3 v H3

Cc bc a hon tt, cc bn hay chn th mt OS no o ti G3 v qua H3 xem danh sch

Version tng ng.

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Name c S Thnh Ch Gii Php Excel | 548

V.3. NAME OC S THNH CH

Nguyn Cnh Hong Danh (hoangdanh282vn)
Dng hm c s thnh ch VND v USD vi th thut Name v hm Macro4

Ch ny a co t rt lu trn GPE, thay v vit hm bng VBA c s thnh ch th tc gi

li dng cng thc di dng Name thc hin. Ngoi ra, qua gp ca cc thnh vin, tc gi
s dng thm hm MACRO4 GetCell gip cho vic s dng cc Name c linh ng hn.

Qua th nghim, c cng thc bng Name hot ng tt trn cc phin bn Excel 2003 2013.
i vi phin bn Excel 2007, do Microsoft nng cp t Excel 2003 bi thiu mt thnh phn no
o nn hm s khng chy c, tuy nhin bn c th khc phc iu ny bng cch ci t bn
v li Excel 2007 Service Pack 3 c th ti min ph ti (http://www.microsoft.com/en-
us/downl....aspx?id=27838)

Giao din Excel 2003

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Name c S Thnh Ch Gii Php Excel | 549

Giao din Excel 2007

Giao din Excel 2013

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Name c S Thnh Ch Gii Php Excel | 550

Danh mc cc Name trong tp tin Name_doc_so_VND

Names Reference
docchuc =IF(OR(sochuc="",sochuc=0),IF(AND(sodonvi<>0,LEN(so)>2),"l",""),
CHOOSE(sochuc,"mi","hai mi","ba mi","bn mi","nm mi","su
mi","by mi","tm mi","chin mi"))
docchucnghin =IF(OR(sochucnghin="",sochucnghin=0),IF(AND(songhin<>0,LEN(so)>5),"l",""),
CHOOSE(sochucnghin,"mi","hai mi","ba mi","bn mi","nm mi","su
mi","by mi","tm mi","chin mi"))
docchuctrieu =IF(OR(sochuctrieu="",sochuctrieu=0),IF(AND(sotrieu<>0,LEN(so)>8),"l",""),
CHOOSE(sochuctrieu,"mi","hai mi","ba mi","bn mi","nm mi","su
mi","by mi","tm mi","chin mi"))
docchucty =IF(OR(sochucty="",sochucty=0),IF(AND(soty<>0,LEN(so)>11),"l",""),
CHOOSE(sochucty,"mi","hai mi","ba mi","bn mi","nm mi","su
mi","by mi","tm mi","chin mi"))
docdonvi =IF(OR(sodonvi="",sodonvi=0),"",CHOOSE(sodonvi,IF(AND(sochuc<>"",
sochuc>1),"mt","mt"),"hai","ba","bn",IF(OR(sochuc="",sochuc=0),"nm","lm"),
"su","by","tm","chin"))
docnghin =IF(AND(songhin=0,sochucnghin>0),"nghn ",IF(OR(songhin="",songhin=0),"",
CHOOSE(songhin,IF(AND(sochucnghin<>"",sochucnghin>1),"mt","mt"),"hai","b
a","bn",IF(OR(sochucnghin="",sochucnghin=0),"nm","lm"),"su","by","tm","c
hn")&" nghn "))
docso =IF(ISNUMBER(VALUE(so)),IF(LEN(so)>12,"s qu ln",
TRIM(doctramty&docchucty&" "&docty&doctramtrieu&docchuctrieu&"
"&doctrieu&doctramnghin&docchucnghin&" "&docnghin&doctram&docchuc&"
"&docdonvi&" ng.")),"s khng ng")
doctram =IF(OR(sotram="",AND(sodonvi=0,sochuc=0,sotram=0)),"",IF(AND(sotram=0,
OR(sodonvi>0,sochuc>0))," khng trm ", CHOOSE(sotram,"mt","hai","ba",
"bn","nm","su","by","tm","chin")&" trm "))

doctramnghin =IF(sotramnghin="","",IF(AND(songhin=0,sochucnghin=0,sotramnghin>0),
CHOOSE(sotramnghin,"mt","hai","ba","bn","nm","su","by","tm","chin")&"
trm nghn ",dtn))
doctramtrieu =IF(sotramtrieu="","",IF(AND(sotrieu=0,sochuctrieu=0,sotramtrieu>0),
CHOOSE(sotramtrieu,"mt","hai","ba","bn","nm","su","by","tm","chin")&"
trm triu ",dtt))
doctramty =IF(sotramty="","",IF(AND(soty=0,sochucty=0,sotramty>0),CHOOSE(sotramty,
"mt","hai","ba","bn","nm","su","by","tm","chin")&" trm t ",dtty))
doctrieu =IF(AND(sotrieu=0,sochuctrieu>0),"triu ",IF(OR(sotrieu="",sotrieu=0),"",
CHOOSE(sotrieu,IF(AND(sochuctrieu<>"",sochuctrieu>1),"mt","mt"),"hai","ba","
bn",IF(OR(sochuctrieu="",sochuctrieu=0),"nm","lm"),"su","by","tm","chin")
&" triu "))
docty =IF(AND(soty=0,sochucty>0),"t",IF(OR(soty="",soty=0),"",CHOOSE(soty,IF(
AND(sochucty<>"",sochucty>1),"mt","mt"),"hai","ba","bn",IF(OR(sochucty="",
sochucty=0),"nm","lm"),"su","by","tm","chin")&" t "))
dtn =IF(AND(sotramnghin=0,OR(songhin>0,sochucnghin>0))," khng trm ",
IF(AND(sotramnghin=0,sochucnghin=0,songhin=0),"",CHOOSE(sotramnghin,"mt"
,"hai","ba","bn","nm","su","by","tm","chin")&" trm "))
dtt =IF(AND(sotramtrieu=0,OR(sotrieu>0,sochuctrieu>0))," khng trm ",
IF(AND(sotramtrieu=0,sochuctrieu=0,sotrieu=0),"",CHOOSE(sotramtrieu,"mt","hai
","ba","bn","nm","su","by","tm","chin")&" trm "))

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Name c S Thnh Ch Gii Php Excel | 551

Names Reference
dtty =IF(AND(sotramty=0,OR(soty>0,sochucty>0))," khng trm ",IF(AND(sotramty=0,
sochucty=0,soty=0),"",CHOOSE(sotramty,"mt","hai","ba","bn","nm","su","by"
,"tm","chin")&" trm "))
GetRC =SUBSTITUTE(REFTEXT(!$A$1),1,"")
GetRow =MID(GET.NAME("GetRow0"),2,FIND("(",GET.NAME("GetRow0"))-1)
GetRow0 =ROW(!$A$1)
MyRef =MID(VT,FIND(GetRow,VT)+4,FIND(")",VT)-FIND(GetRow,VT)-4)
so =TRIM(INDIRECT(MyRef))
sochuc =IF(LEN(so)>1,VALUE(LEFT(RIGHT(so,2),1)),"")
sochucnghin =IF(LEN(so)>4,VALUE(LEFT(RIGHT(so,5),1)),"")
sochuctrieu =IF(LEN(so)>7,VALUE(LEFT(RIGHT(so,8),1)),"")
sochucty =IF(LEN(so)>10,VALUE(LEFT(RIGHT(so,11),1)),"")
sodonvi =VALUE(RIGHT(so,1))
songhin =IF(LEN(so)>3,VALUE(LEFT(RIGHT(so,4),1)),"")
sotram =IF(LEN(so)>2,VALUE(LEFT(RIGHT(so,3),1)),"")
sotramnghin =IF(LEN(so)>5,VALUE(LEFT(RIGHT(so,6),1)),"")
sotramtrieu =IF(LEN(so)>8,VALUE(LEFT(RIGHT(so,9),1)),"")
sotramty =IF(LEN(so)>11,VALUE(LEFT(RIGHT(so,12),1)),"")
sotrieu =IF(LEN(so)>6,VALUE(LEFT(RIGHT(so,7),1)),"")
soty =IF(LEN(so)>9,VALUE(LEFT(RIGHT(so,10),1)),"")
VND =TRIM(PROPER(LEFT(docso,1))&MID(docso,2,1000))
VT =GET.CELL(6,INDIRECT(GetRC,FALSE))

Danh mc cc Name trong tp tin Name_doc_so_USD

Names Reference
doccent =IF(docchuccent&docdonvicent="",""," and "&docchuccent&docdonvicent &"
cents.")
docchuc =IF(sochuc<>"",IF(MOD(sochuc,10)=0,CHOOSE(QUOTIENT(sochuc,10),"","twent
y","thirty","forty","fifty","sixty","seventy","eighty","ninety"),docchuc?),"")
docchuc? =CHOOSE(QUOTIENT(sochuc,10),"","twenty","thirty","forty","fifty","sixty",
"seventy","eighty","ninety")&" "&CHOOSE(MOD(sochuc,10),"one","two",
"three","four","five","six","seven","eight","nine","ten")
docchuccent =IF(socent>20,IF(MOD(socent,10)=0,CHOOSE(socent/10,"","twenty","thirty",
"forty","fifty","sixty","seventy","eighty","ninety"),docchuccent?),"")
docchuccent? =CHOOSE(QUOTIENT(socent,10),"","twenty","thirty","forty","fifty","sixty",
"seventy","eighty","ninety")&" "&CHOOSE(MOD(socent,10),"one",
"two","three","four","five","six","seven","eight","nine","ten")
docchucnghin =IF(AND(songhin<>"",songhin>=21000,songhin<100000),IF(MOD(QUOTIENT(
songhin,1000),10)=0,CHOOSE(QUOTIENT(songhin,10000),"","twenty","thirty",
"forty","fifty","sixty","seventy","eighty","ninety"),docchucnghin?)&" thousand, ","")
docchucnghin? =CHOOSE(QUOTIENT(songhin,10000),"","twenty","thirty","forty","fifty","sixty","
seventy","eighty","ninety")&" "&CHOOSE(MOD(QUOTIENT(songhin,1000),10),
"one","two","three","four","five","six","seven","eight","nine","ten")
docchuctrieu =IF(AND(sotrieu<>"",sotrieu>=21000000,sotrieu<100000000),IF(MOD(QUOTIEN
T(sotrieu,1000000),10)=0,CHOOSE(QUOTIENT(sotrieu,10000000),"","twenty",
"thirty","forty","fifty","sixty","seventy","eighty","ninety"),docchuctrieu?)&" milion,
","")
docchuctrieu? =CHOOSE(QUOTIENT(sotrieu,10000000),"","twenty","thirty","forty","fifty",
"sixty","seventy","eighty","ninety")&" "&CHOOSE(MOD(QUOTIENT(sotrieu,
1000000),10),"one","two","three","four","five","six","seven","eight","nine","ten")

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Name c S Thnh Ch Gii Php Excel | 552

Names Reference
docchucty =IF(AND(soty<>"",soty>=21000000000,soty<100000000000),IF(MOD(
QUOTIENT(soty,1000000000),10)=0,CHOOSE(QUOTIENT(soty,10000000000),
"","twenty","thirty","forty","fifty","sixty","seventy","eighty","ninety"),docchucty?) &
" bilion, ","")
docchucty? =CHOOSE(QUOTIENT(soty,10000000000),"","twenty","thirty","forty","fifty",
"sixty","seventy","eighty","ninety")&" "&CHOOSE(MOD(QUOTIENT(soty,
1000000000),10),"one","two","three","four","five","six","seven","eight","nine",
"ten")
docdonvi =IF(sodonvi<>"",CHOOSE(sodonvi,"one","two","three","four","five","six","seven",
"eight","nine","ten","eleven","twelve","thirteen","fourteen","fifteen","sixteen",
"seventeen","eighteen","nineteen","twenty"),"")
docdonvicent =IF(AND(socent>0,socent<21),CHOOSE(socent,"one","two","three","four","five",
"six","seven","eight","nine","ten","eleven","twelve","thirteen","fourteen","fifteen",
"sixteen","seventeen","eighteen","nineteen","twenty"),"")
docnghin =IF(AND(songhin<>"",songhin<21000),docnghin?,"")
docnghin? =CHOOSE(QUOTIENT(songhin,1000),"one","two","three","four","five","six",
"seven","eight","nine","ten","eleven","twelve","thirteen","fourteen","fifteen",
"sixteen","seventeen","eighteen","nineteen","twenty")&" thousand, "
doctram =IF(sotram<>"",CHOOSE(QUOTIENT(sotram,100),"one","two","three","four",
"five","six","seven","eight","nine",)&" hundred ","")
doctramnghin =IF(sotramnghin<>"",IF(VALUE(so)=100000,"one hundred
thousand",CHOOSE(QUOTIENT(sotramnghin,100000),"one","two","three","four",
"five","six","seven","eight","nine")&" hundred "),"")
doctramtrieu =IF(sotramtrieu<>"",IF(VALUE(so)=100000000,"one hundred
milion",CHOOSE(QUOTIENT(sotramtrieu,100000000),"one","two","three","four",
"five","six","seven","eight","nine")&" hundred "),"")
doctramty =IF(sotramty<>"",IF(VALUE(so)=100000000000,"one hundred
bilion",CHOOSE(QUOTIENT(sotramty,100000000000),"one","two","three","four",
"five","six","seven","eight","nine")&" hundred "),"")
doctrieu =IF(AND(sotrieu<>"",sotrieu<21000000),doctrieu?,"")
doctrieu? =CHOOSE(QUOTIENT(sotrieu,1000000),"one","two","three","four","five","six",
"seven","eight","nine","ten","eleven","twelve","thirteen","fourteen","fifteen",
"sixteen","seventeen","eighteen","nineteen","twenty")&" milion, "
docty =IF(AND(soty<>"",soty<21000000000),docty?,"")
docty? =CHOOSE(QUOTIENT(soty,1000000000),"one","two","three","four","five","six",
"seven","eight","nine","ten","eleven","twelve","thirteen","fourteen","fifteen",
"sixteen","seventeen","eighteen","nineteen","twenty")&" bilion, "
docusd =doctramty&docchucty&docty&doctramtrieu&docchuctrieu&doctrieu&
doctramnghin&docchucnghin&docnghin&doctram&IF(OR(docchuc<>"",
docdonvi<>""),IF(doctram<>"","and "&docchuc&" "&docdonvi,docchuc &" "&
docdonvi),"")&" dollars" &IF(doccent=""," only.",doccent)
GetRC =SUBSTITUTE(REFTEXT(!$A$1),1,"")
GetRow =MID(GET.NAME("GetRow0"),2,FIND("(",GET.NAME("GetRow0"))-1)
GetRow0 =ROW(!$A$1)
MyRef =MID(VT,FIND(GetRow,VT)+4,FIND(")",VT)-FIND(GetRow,VT)-4)
so =TRIM(ROUNDDOWN(VALUE(INDIRECT(MyRef)),0))
socent =ROUND((VALUE(INDIRECT(MyRef))-
ROUNDDOWN(VALUE(INDIRECT(MyRef)),0))*100,0)
sochuc =IF(VALUE(RIGHT(so,2))>19,VALUE(RIGHT(so,2)),"")
sodonvi =IF(AND(VALUE(RIGHT(so,2))>0,VALUE(RIGHT(so,2))<20),
VALUE(RIGHT(so,2)),"")
songhin =IF(VALUE(RIGHT(so,5))>999,VALUE(RIGHT(so,5)),"")
sotram =IF(VALUE(RIGHT(so,3))>99,VALUE(RIGHT(so,3)),"")

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Name c S Thnh Ch Gii Php Excel | 553

Names Reference
sotramnghin =IF(VALUE(RIGHT(so,6))>99999,VALUE(RIGHT(so,6)),"")
sotramtrieu =IF(VALUE(RIGHT(so,9))>99999999,VALUE(RIGHT(so,9)),"")
sotramty =IF(VALUE(RIGHT(so,12))>99999999999,VALUE(RIGHT(so,12)),"")
sotrieu =IF(VALUE(RIGHT(so,8))>999999,VALUE(RIGHT(so,8)),"")
soty =IF(VALUE(RIGHT(so,11))>999999999,VALUE(RIGHT(so,11)),"")
USD =IF(ISNUMBER(VALUE(so)),IF(VALUE(so)>=10^12,"Too large
number!",TRIM(PROPER(LEFT(docusd,1))&MID(docusd,2,1000))),"Wrong
number!")
VT =GET.CELL(6,INDIRECT(GetRC,FALSE))

Chuyn Name sang tp tin khc

chuyn cc Name sang tp tin ca bn ang lm vic, bn lm theo cc bc sau:

1. Bn m file c cha name c s (Name_doc_so_VND.xls hay

Name_doc_so_USD.xls), ng thi m tp tin ca bn ln.
2. Chuyn qua tp tin Name_doc_so_VND.xls, nhp phi chut ln tn Sheet
DocSoVND trn Sheet Tab, chn Move or Copy. Ti hp To book bn chn tn
tp tin ca bn cn chuyn Name vo v tch chn Create a copy ri bm nt OK.
3. ong tp tin Name_doc_so_VND.xls
4. Trong tp tin ca bn hy xa Sheet DocSoVND va c chp sang. Vy l tt c
cc Name ca tp tinName_doc_so_VND.xls a c chuyn sang tp tin ca bn.

Cch s dng cng thc

C php: =IF(ROW( cn c s),VND) c s sang VND

=IF(ROW( cn c s),USD) c s sang USD

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Name c S Thnh Ch Gii Php Excel | 554

V d: Ti A1 ang cha gi tri 5,555,000 VND, bn mun c thnh ch ti A2 th bn

dng cng thc vi c php sau:

=IF(ROW(A1),VND) kt qu l: Nm triu nm trm nm mi lm nghn ng.

Th thut t tn (Define Name) cho hm Macro4

Bi ny ca tc gi: anhtuan1066 (ndu96081631)

Link: http://www.giaiphapexcel.com/forum/showthread.php?7613

Bc 1: Thit lp tham chiu ng

t cc Name vi cc tham chiu nh sau:

GetRow0 =ROW(!$A$1)
GetRow =MID(GET.NAME("GetRow0"),2,FIND("(",GET.NAME("GetRow0"))-1)
GetRC =SUBSTITUTE(REFTEXT(!$A$1),1,"")
VT =GET.CELL(6,INDIRECT(GetRC,FALSE))
Myref =MID(VT,FIND(GetRow,VT)+4,FIND(")",VT)-FIND(GetRow,VT)-4)

Quan trng nht l Name cui cng "Tham chiu ca ti" (Myref)... Sau ny ta s dng n trong
hu ht cc cng thc...

Cc bn cng ng vi tm hiu ngha cc name ny... Ta s bn n trong mt dip khc, c

"thuc lng" v copy no cho vo my tinh trc i nh.

Bc 2: Thit lp Name tnh ton

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Name c S Thnh Ch Gii Php Excel | 555

V d bn mun ly ColorIndex ca mt (cell), ta dng hm GET.CELL(63,Cell cn tnh)...

By gi s c thay th bng mt name

CellColor =GET.CELL(63,INDIRECT(Myref))+0*NOW()

Ghi ch: Vic thm 0*NOW() vo ko lm thay i kt qu, chi l gip cho n cp nht s thay
i mi khi bng tnh c s thay i v ni no m tham chiu l mt th c thay bng
INDIRECT(Myref)

By gi ly ColorIndex ca mt no o th ta dng cng thc sau:

=IF(ROW( cn ly ColorIndex),CellColor)

V d: Ly CorlorIndex ti A1, ta s c cng thc:

=IF(ROW(A1),CellColor)

V d thm: Ta cn tnh gi tri ca mt day cc php ton ang cha trong nhng c inh
dng Text... V d nh A1 ang cha chui biu thc: 5*4-6+3

Ta s t Name:

Calc=EVALUATE(INDIRECT(Myref))

V cng thc ti A2 trong bng tnh s l:

=IF(ROW(A1),Calc) kt qu l 17

Vic t Name cc chi mt ln nhng vic s dng th v cng linh ng... Tt c gi gn trong
mt c php:

=IF(ROW( tham chiu),Name)

Lu khi m file: Rt c th bn s nhn c thng bo rng trong tp tin c cha Macro4, xin
yn tm v c bm YES (hoc Enable) cho cc hm Macro4 hot ng.
Ti tp tin t din n GiaiPhapExcel.Com
Name_doc_so_VND.xls (44.0 KB)
Name_doc_so_USD.xls (74.5 KB)
XL4_DefineName.zip (3.1 KB)

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Cc Bi Tp Thc Hnh Gii Php Excel | 556

V.4. CC BI TP THC HNH

My bn cn co kt ni internet v cn phi ng nhp din n Gii Php Excel mi co th ti

cc tp tin inh km sau y:

B 26 bi tp thc hnh Excel

Ti tp tin t GiaiPhapExcel.Com

B 30 bi tp thc hnh Excel

Ti tp tin t GiaiPhapExcel.Com

B 51 bi tp thc hnh Excel

Ti tp tin t GiaiPhapExcel.Com

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Ty Bin Cho nh Dng S Liu Gii Php Excel | 557

Phn VI
PH LC

VI.1. TY BIN CHO NH DNG S LIU

Khi nhp s liu vo mt th s liu ny c th hin thi nhiu kiu khc nhau nh l 10% hay
10.00 hay l $10.00 ... Nh vy, chn kiu hin thi s liu nh mong mun th cn phi inh
dng s liu.

VI.1.1. nh dng s liu t ng

Excel thng minh c th t ng inh dng kiu d liu cho mt khi nhn d liu nhp
vo. V d nh nu d liu nhp vo l 12.5% th Excel t ng inh dng cho o kiu phn
trm Percentage.
Excel t ng p dng nhng inh dng c sn cho mt d vo cc iu kin sau:
Nu s liu cha du / th co th c t ng inh dng theo kiu ngy thng hay s
dng phn s. VD: 5/14/2007; 2 1/2 (=2.5)
Nu s liu cha du gch ngang - th co th c t ng inh dng theo kiu ngy
thng. VD: 5-14-07
Nu s liu cha du : hoc s liu c 1 khong trng v ch A hay P pha sau th c th
c t ng inh dng theo kiu thi gian. VD: 10 a (10:00AM)

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Ty Bin Cho nh Dng S Liu Gii Php Excel | 558

VI.1.2. nh dng bng cch s dng Ribbon

Nhm nt lnh inh dng s liu thuc th Home

Chn nt lnh trong danh sch bn tri ri

VI.1.3. nh dng ty bin

Ngoi nhng inh dng c sn, Excel cn cho ngi dng to ra d dng nhiu loi kiu inh
dng khc.

Ch : Sau khi to ra mt kiu nh dng mi cho mt no th n s thm vo trong danh

sch cc kiu ty bin v chng ta c th p dng nh dng cho cc khc trong workbook
. Kiu nh dng do ngi dng to ra trn workbook no th ch c th s dng n p dng
cho cc khc trn workbook . Nu ngi dng to ra rt nhiu kiu nh dng cho mt
workbook th s lm cho workbook tr nn nng n khi m ra, lu hay ng li. V vy, nhng
kiu nh dng to ra no m khng cn thit th nn xa n khoi danh sch cc kiu nh dng
ty bin.

Cc bc to ra mt inh dng ty bin: Chn Ctrl+1 chn th Number click chn

phn loi Custom (trong khung Category) go ma inh dng vo trong khung Type (hnh 4.2.4)
Cu trc ca ma inh dng gm 4 phn v cc phn ny cch nhau bng du ; theo dng sau:
;;;

Phn th nht dnh cho inh dng s dng

Phn th hai dnh cho inh dng s m
Phn th ba dnh cho inh dng s khng
Phn th t dnh cho inh dng vn bn

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Ty Bin Cho nh Dng S Liu Gii Php Excel | 559

nh dng ty bin

Di y l bng quy inh ma cho inh dng ty bin:

nh dng kiu cho gi tr l s

Ma nh dng Gii thch
General Hin thi s theo inh dng tng qut
# Biu thi cho 1 con s. Chi hin thi s co ngha trong (khng hin
thi s 0
0 (s khng) Biu thi cho 1 con s. Hin thi s k c 0 (s khng) v nu gi tri
trong l s thp phn th chi hin thi l s khng co phn thp
phn. VD: 12.4 th hin thi l 12, cn nu 12.5 th hin thi l 13
? Biu thi cho 1 con s. Thm khong trng phia trc hoc phia sau
ca con s. Dng canh thng theo n vi, chc, trm cho cc

lin k trn v di.

. (du chm) Du chm phn cch thp phn. VD: Nu nhp 12.4 vo mt co
ma inh dng l #.00 th o s hin thi l 12.40

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Ty Bin Cho nh Dng S Liu Gii Php Excel | 560

Ma nh dng Gii thch

% Dp phn trm. VD: 12.4%
, (du phy) Du phn cch hng ngn. VD: 124,000
Nu t phia sau ca ma inh dng l s th no s hin thi theo n
vi l ngn (ch : gi tr ca khng thay i, n ch thay i hin
th) VD: Nu nhp 15000000 vo mt co ma inh dng l #,, th
o s hin thi l 15. Nh vy, nu mun inh dng theo n vi l ti
th s inh dng l #,,,
E- E+ e- e+ Dng s khoa hc. VD: 1E+01 (10 m +1 hay bng 10), 3E-02 (3
nhn vi 10 m -2 hay bng 0.03)
$ - + / ( ) : khong Tt c cc k t ny s hin thi trong niu nh no xut hin trong
trng ma inh dng. VD: Nu nhp 12.4 vo mt co kiu inh dng l
#.0$ th o s c hin thi l 12.4$
\ Hin thi k t tip theo trong inh dng. VD: Nu nhp 12.4 vo
mt co kiu inh dng l #.0\ th o s c hin thi l 12.4
* Hin thi lp i lp li k t k tip cho n khi ni dng ca trn
y chiu rng ca o. VD: Nu nhp 12.4 vo mt co inh
dng l #.0* th o s hin thi 12.4```````
_ (du gch di) Cho mt khong trng co chiu rng bng vi chiu rng ca k t
k tip. VD: Nu nhp 12.4 vo mt co kiu inh dng l (__#.0)
th o s hin thi l ( 12.4)
vn bn Hin thi vn bn bn trong du ngoc kp.
VD: Nu nhp 12.4 vo mt co kiu inh dng l #.0 ng th
o s hin thi l 12.4 ng
@ Biu thi cho dng vn bn. VD: Nu nhp vo ch USD vo mt
co kiu inh dng l @* th o s hin thi l USD
[mu] S liu trong s c hin thi mu theo nh ma inh dng. Cc
ma mu co th dng l: Black, Blue. Cyan, Green, Magenta, Red,
White, Yellow. VD: Nu nhp 12.4 vo mt co kiu inh dng l
[Red] th o s hin thi l 12.4 co mu o
[mu th n] Hin thi mu co s tng ng trn tm day mu pallet. S n co gi
tri t 0 n 56
[iu kin gi tri] Cho php inh dng theo tiu chun thoa man gi tri no o. Co th
p dng cho 3 phn u trong 4 phn ca cu trc ca ma inh
dng. VD: Nu nhp 12.4 vo mt co ma inh dng l
[<11]"Low"* 0;[>20]"High"* 0;"Average"* 0;@*' th o s hin
thi l |Average 12| (ch l do inh dng khng co thp phn nn
khi nhp vo 12.4 th chi hin thi l 12). Nu nhp vo 25 th hin
thi l |High 25|. Nu nhp vo 0 th hin thi l |Low 0|. Cn nu
nhp vo l GPE th hin thi l |GPE|

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Ty Bin Cho nh Dng S Liu Gii Php Excel | 561

nh dng kiu cho gi tr l s

Ma nh dng Gii thch

m Hin thi s theo inh dng l thng (t 1 12). VD: Khi nhp
8/12/2007 vo co inh dng l m th o hin thi l 8

mm Hin thi s theo inh dng l thng (t 01 12). VD: Khi nhp
8/12/2007 vo co inh dng l mm th o hin thi l 08

mmm inh dng l thng (t Jan Dec). VD: Khi nhp 8/12/2007 vo
co inh dng l mmm th o hin thi l Aug

mmmm inh dng l thng (t January December). VD: Khi nhp

8/12/2007 vo co inh dng l mmmm th o hin thi l August

mmmmm inh dng l thng (t J D). VD: Khi nhp 8/12/2007 vo c

inh dng l mmmmm th o hin thi l A (hin thi k t u tin)

d Hin thi l ngy (t 1 31). VD: 8/12/2007 hin thi 12

dd Hin thi l ngy (t 01 31). VD: 8/1/2007 hin thi 01

ddd Hin thi l ngy trong tun (t sun sat). VD: 8/1/2007 hin thi
Wed

dddd Hin thi l ngy trong tun (t sunday saturday). VD: 8/1/2007
hin thi Wednesday

yy or yyyy Hin thi l nm. VD: 8/1/2007 hin thi 07 or 2007

h or hh Hin thi l gi. VD: 9:30 AM hin thi l 9 or 09

m or mm Hin thi l pht. VD: 9:05 AM hin thi l 5 or 05

s or ss Hin thi l giy. VD: 9:05:08 hin thi l 8 or 08

AM/PM Hin thi gi s dng 12 gi. Nu khng co inh dng ny th khi

nhp vo d liu dng gi th no s hin thi gi l 24 gi trong
ngy.

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Ch Mc Hm
VI.2. CH MC HM
ABS ....................................................................... 114
ACCRINT ............................................................. 335
ACCRINTM ......................................................... 336
ACOS .................................................................... 114
ACOSH ................................................................. 114
ACOT.................................................................... 115
ACOTH ................................................................. 116
ADDRESS .............................................................. 93
AGGREGATE ...................................................... 116
AMORDEGRC ..................................................... 337
AMORLINC ......................................................... 338
AND ........................................................................ 58
ARABIC ............................................................... 119
AREAS ................................................................... 93
ASC ......................................................................... 28
ASIN ..................................................................... 120
ASINH .................................................................. 120
ATAN ................................................................... 121
ATAN2 ................................................................. 121
ATANH ................................................................ 122
AVEDEV .............................................................. 169
AVERAGE ........................................................... 168
AVERAGEA......................................................... 168
AVERAGEIF ........................................................ 169
AVERAGEIFS ...................................................... 171
BAHTTEXT ........................................................... 28
BASE .................................................................... 123
BESSELI ............................................................... 292
BESSELJ............................................................... 291
BESSELK ............................................................. 292
BESSELY ............................................................. 292
BETA.DIST .......................................................... 173
BETA.INV ............................................................ 174
BETADIST ........................................................... 172
BETAINV ............................................................. 173
BIN2DEC.............................................................. 292
BIN2HEX ............................................................. 293
BIN2OCT.............................................................. 293
BINOM.DIST ....................................................... 175
BINOM.DIST.RANGE ......................................... 175
BINOM.INV ......................................................... 176
BINOMDIST ........................................................ 174
BITAND ............................................................... 294
BITLSHIFT........................................................... 295
BITOR .................................................................. 296
BITRSHIFT .......................................................... 297
BITXOR................................................................ 298
CEILING............................................................... 123
CEILING.MATH .................................................. 124
CEILING.PRECISE .............................................. 125
CELL .................................................................... 322
CHAR ..................................................................... 29
CHIDIST ............................................................... 177
CHIINV ................................................................ 178
CHISQ.DIST ......................................................... 178
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Gii Php Excel | 562
CHISQ.DIST.RT ................................................... 179
CHISQ.INV .......................................................... 180
CHISQ.INV.RT .................................................... 181
CHISQ.TEST ........................................................ 183
CHITEST .............................................................. 181
CHOOSE ................................................................. 94
CLEAN ................................................................... 30
CODE ...................................................................... 30
COLUMN ............................................................... 94
COLUMNS ............................................................. 95
COMBIN............................................................... 126
COMBINA ............................................................ 127
COMPLEX ........................................................... 299
CONCATENATE ................................................... 31
CONFIDENCE ..................................................... 183
CONFIDENCE.NORM ........................................ 184
CONFIDENCE.T .................................................. 185
CONVERT ............................................................ 300
CORREL ............................................................... 185
COS ....................................................................... 128
COSH .................................................................... 128
COT ...................................................................... 129
COTH.................................................................... 129
COUNT ................................................................. 186
COUNTA .............................................................. 187
COUNTBLANK ................................................... 187
COUNTIF ............................................................. 188
COUNTIFS ........................................................... 190
COUPDAYBS ...................................................... 339
COUPDAYS ......................................................... 340
COUPDAYSNC.................................................... 341
COUPNCD ........................................................... 342
COUPNUM ........................................................... 342
COVAR................................................................. 191
COVARIANCE.P ................................................. 192
COVARIANCE.S ................................................. 192
CRITBINOM ........................................................ 194
CSC ....................................................................... 130
CSCH .................................................................... 130
CUBEKPIMEMBER ............................................ 409
CUBEMEMBER ................................................... 410
CUBEMEMBERPROPERTY .............................. 411
CUBERANKEDMEMBER .................................. 412
CUBESET ............................................................. 413
CUBESETCOUNT ............................................... 414
CUBEVALUE ...................................................... 415
CUMIPMT ............................................................ 344
CUMPRINC .......................................................... 345
DATE ...................................................................... 69
DATEDIF ............................................................... 70
DATEVALUE ........................................................ 71
DAVERAGE ......................................................... 397
DAY ........................................................................ 71
DAYS ...................................................................... 71
DAYS360 ................................................................ 72
Ch Mc Hm
DB ......................................................................... 346
DBCS ...................................................................... 32
DCOUNT .............................................................. 397
DCOUNTA ........................................................... 398
DDB ...................................................................... 347
DEC2BIN.............................................................. 302
DEC2HEX ............................................................ 303
DEC2OCT............................................................. 303
DECIMAL ............................................................ 131
DEGREES............................................................. 132
DELTA ................................................................. 304
DEVSQ ................................................................. 195
DGET .................................................................... 398
DISC ..................................................................... 348
DMAX .................................................................. 398
DMIN .................................................................... 399
DOLLAR ................................................................ 32
DOLLARFR ......................................................... 350
DPRODUCT ......................................................... 399
DSTDEV ............................................................... 399
DSTDEVP............................................................. 399
DSUM ................................................................... 400
DURATION .......................................................... 350
DVAR ................................................................... 400
DVARP ................................................................. 400
EDATE ................................................................... 73
EFFECT ................................................................ 351
ENCODEURL ...................................................... 416
EOMONTH............................................................. 73
ERF ....................................................................... 304
ERF.PRECISE ...................................................... 305
ERFC .................................................................... 305
ERFC.PRECISE.................................................... 306
ERROR.TYPE ...................................................... 326
EUROCONVERT ................................................. 403
EVEN .................................................................... 132
EXACT ................................................................... 33
EXP ....................................................................... 133
EXPON.DIST ....................................................... 196
EXPONDIST ........................................................ 195
F.DIST .................................................................. 196
F.DIST.RT ............................................................ 197
F.INV .................................................................... 199
F.INV.RT .............................................................. 200
F.TEST .................................................................. 204
FACT .................................................................... 133
FACTDOUBLE .................................................... 134
FALSE .................................................................... 60
FDIST ................................................................... 198
FILTERXML ........................................................ 416
FIND ....................................................................... 34
FINDB .................................................................... 36
FINV ..................................................................... 200
FISHER ................................................................. 200
FISHERINV .......................................................... 201
FIXED ..................................................................... 36
FLOOR ................................................................. 134
FLOOR.MATH ..................................................... 134
FLOOR.PRECISE................................................. 135
FORECAST .......................................................... 201
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FORMULATEXT ................................................... 95
FREQUENCY ....................................................... 202
FTEST ................................................................... 204
FV ......................................................................... 352
FVSCHEDULE ..................................................... 353
GAMMA ............................................................... 205
GAMMA.DIST ..................................................... 205
GAMMA.INV ....................................................... 205
GAMMADIST ...................................................... 206
GAMMAINV ........................................................ 207
GAMMALN ......................................................... 207
GAMMALN.PRECISE ......................................... 207
GAUSS ................................................................. 210
GCD ...................................................................... 136
GEOMEAN ........................................................... 208
GESTEP ................................................................ 306
GETPIVOTDATA ................................................ 401
GROWTH ............................................................. 209
HARMEAN .......................................................... 211
HEX2BIN ............................................................. 306
HEX2DEC ............................................................ 307
HEX2OCT ............................................................ 308
HLOOKUP ............................................................. 96
HOUR ..................................................................... 74
HYPERLINK .......................................................... 97
HYPGEOM.DIST ................................................. 211
HYPGEOMDIST .................................................. 213
IF ............................................................................ 60
IFERROR ................................................................ 65
IFNA ....................................................................... 66
IMABS .................................................................. 309
IMAGINARY ....................................................... 309
IMARGUMENT ................................................... 309
IMCONJUGATE .................................................. 310
IMCOS .................................................................. 310
IMCOSH ............................................................... 310
IMCOT .................................................................. 311
IMCSC .................................................................. 312
IMCSCH ............................................................... 312
IMDIV................................................................... 313
IMEXP .................................................................. 313
IMLN .................................................................... 314
IMLOG10 ............................................................. 314
IMLOG2 ............................................................... 314
IMPOWER ............................................................ 315
IMPRODUCT ....................................................... 315
IMREAL ............................................................... 308
IMSEC .................................................................. 315
IMSECH ............................................................... 316
IMSIN ................................................................... 317
IMSINH ................................................................ 317
IMSQRT ............................................................... 318
IMSUB .................................................................. 318
IMSUM ................................................................. 318
IMTAN ................................................................. 319
INDEX .................................................................... 98
INDIRECT ............................................................ 106
INFO ..................................................................... 327
INT ........................................................................ 136
INTERCEPT ......................................................... 214
Ch Mc Hm
INTRATE ............................................................. 354
IPMT ..................................................................... 355
IRR ........................................................................ 356
ISBLANK ............................................................. 328
ISERR ................................................................... 330
ISERROR .............................................................. 330
ISEVEN ................................................................ 330
ISFORMULA ....................................................... 330
ISLOGICAL ......................................................... 331
ISNA ..................................................................... 331
ISNONTEXT ........................................................ 331
ISNUMBER .......................................................... 331
ISO.CEILING ....................................................... 138
ISODD .................................................................. 331
ISOWEEKNUM ..................................................... 74
ISPMT ................................................................... 357
ISREF.................................................................... 331
ISTEXT ................................................................. 332
JIS ........................................................................... 37
KURT.................................................................... 215
LARGE ................................................................. 215
LCM ...................................................................... 139
LEFT ....................................................................... 37
LEFTB .................................................................... 38
LEN ......................................................................... 41
LENB ...................................................................... 42
LINEST ................................................................. 216
LN ......................................................................... 139
LOG ...................................................................... 140
LOG10 .................................................................. 140
LOGEST ............................................................... 221
LOGINV ............................................................... 225
LOGNORM.DIST................................................. 226
LOGNORM.INV .................................................. 227
LOGNORMDIST ................................................. 227
LOOKUP .............................................................. 107
LOWER .................................................................. 42
MATCH ................................................................ 109
MAX ..................................................................... 227
MAXA .................................................................. 228
MDETERM........................................................... 141
MDURATION ...................................................... 358
MEDIAN............................................................... 228
MID ......................................................................... 43
MIDB ...................................................................... 43
MIN ....................................................................... 229
MINA .................................................................... 230
MINUTE ................................................................. 75
MINVERSE .......................................................... 142
MIRR .................................................................... 359
MMULT ................................................................ 147
MOD ..................................................................... 143
MODE ................................................................... 230
MODE.MULT ...................................................... 231
MODE.SNGL ....................................................... 232
MONTH .................................................................. 75
MROUND ............................................................. 148
MULTINOMIAL .................................................. 149
MUNIT ................................................................. 149
N .......................................................................... 332
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NA ......................................................................... 332
NEGBINOM.DIST ............................................... 232
NEGBINOMDIST ................................................ 234
NETWORKDAYS .................................................. 75
NETWORKDAYS.INTL ........................................ 76
NOMINAL ............................................................ 360
NORM.DIST ......................................................... 234
NORM.INV .......................................................... 236
NORM.S.DIST...................................................... 236
NORM.S.INV ....................................................... 238
NORMDIST .......................................................... 235
NORMINV ........................................................... 236
NORMSDIST ....................................................... 237
NORMSINV ......................................................... 238
NOT ........................................................................ 67
NOW ....................................................................... 78
NPER .................................................................... 360
NPV ...................................................................... 361
NUMBERVALUE .................................................. 44
OCT2BIN .............................................................. 319
OCT2DEC............................................................. 320
OCT2HEX ............................................................ 320
ODD ...................................................................... 150
ODDFPRICE ........................................................ 363
ODDFYIELD ........................................................ 367
ODDLPRICE ........................................................ 365
ODDLYIELD........................................................ 368
OFFSET ................................................................ 109
OR ........................................................................... 67
PDURATION ....................................................... 369
PEARSON ............................................................ 238
PERCENTILE ....................................................... 239
PERCENTILE.EXC .............................................. 240
PERCENTILE.INC ............................................... 241
PERCENTRANK.................................................. 242
PERCENTRANK.EXC ......................................... 243
PERCENTRANK.INC .......................................... 244
PERMUT .............................................................. 245
PERMUTATIONA ............................................... 245
PHI ........................................................................ 246
PHONETIC ............................................................. 44
PI .......................................................................... 150
PMT ...................................................................... 370
POISSON .............................................................. 247
POISSON.DIST .................................................... 247
POWER................................................................. 151
PPMT .................................................................... 371
PRICE ................................................................... 373
PRICEDISC .......................................................... 374
PRICEMAT .......................................................... 375
PROB .................................................................... 248
PRODUCT ............................................................ 151
PROPER ................................................................. 45
PV ......................................................................... 377
QUARTILE ........................................................... 248
QUARTILE.EXC .................................................. 250
QUARTILE.INC ................................................... 250
QUOTIENT .......................................................... 151
RADIANS ............................................................. 152
RAND ................................................................... 152
Ch Mc Hm
RANDBETWEEN ................................................ 153
RANK ................................................................... 252
RANK.AVG.......................................................... 255
RANK.EQ ............................................................. 256
RATE .................................................................... 378
RECEIVED ........................................................... 379
REPLACE ............................................................... 45
REPLACEB ............................................................ 46
REPT ....................................................................... 46
RIGHT .................................................................... 48
RIGHTB.................................................................. 49
ROMAN ................................................................ 153
ROUND ................................................................ 154
ROUNDDOWN .................................................... 155
ROUNDUP ........................................................... 156
ROW ..................................................................... 111
ROWS ................................................................... 111
RRI ........................................................................ 380
RSQ ....................................................................... 256
SEARCH ................................................................. 49
SEC ....................................................................... 156
SECH .................................................................... 156
SECOND................................................................. 79
SERIESSUM......................................................... 157
SHEET .................................................................. 333
SHEETS ................................................................ 333
SIGN ..................................................................... 158
SIN ........................................................................ 158
SINH ..................................................................... 158
SKEW ................................................................... 257
SKEW.P ................................................................ 257
SLN ....................................................................... 381
SLOPE .................................................................. 258
SMALL ................................................................. 260
SQL.REQUEST .................................................... 406
SQRT .................................................................... 159
SQRTPI ................................................................. 159
STANDARDIZE ................................................... 261
STDEV.................................................................. 262
STDEV.S .............................................................. 263
STDEVA ............................................................... 263
STDEVP ............................................................... 263
STDEVP.S ............................................................ 264
STDEVPA............................................................. 264
STEYX.................................................................. 269
SUBSTITUTE......................................................... 50
SUBTOTAL .......................................................... 160
SUM ...................................................................... 161
SUMIF .................................................................. 161
SUMIFS ................................................................ 162
SUMPRODUCT ................................................... 164
SUMSQ ................................................................. 164
SUMX2MY2......................................................... 165
SUMXMY2........................................................... 166
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Gii Php Excel | 565
SUMXPY2 ............................................................ 166
SYD ...................................................................... 382
T ............................................................................ 52
T.DIST .................................................................. 270
T.DIST.2T ............................................................. 271
T.DIST.RT ............................................................ 271
T.INV .................................................................... 273
T.INV.2T............................................................... 274
T.TEST.................................................................. 274
TAN ...................................................................... 166
TANH ................................................................... 166
TBILLEQ .............................................................. 382
TBILLPRICE ........................................................ 383
TBILLYIELD ....................................................... 384
TDIST ................................................................... 272
TEXT ...................................................................... 52
TIME ....................................................................... 79
TIMEVALUE ......................................................... 80
TINV ..................................................................... 275
TODAY................................................................... 80
TRANSPOSE ........................................................ 111
TREND ................................................................. 275
TRIM....................................................................... 54
TRIMMEAN ......................................................... 278
TRUE ...................................................................... 68
TRUNC ................................................................. 167
TTEST................................................................... 279
TYPE..................................................................... 334
UNICHAR .............................................................. 55
UNICODE ............................................................... 55
UPPER .................................................................... 56
VALUE ................................................................... 56
VAR ...................................................................... 280
VARA ................................................................... 281
VARP .................................................................... 282
VDB ...................................................................... 385
VLOOKUP ........................................................... 112
WEBSERVICE ..................................................... 417
WEEKDAY ............................................................ 81
WEEKNUM ............................................................ 85
WEIBULL............................................................. 288
WEIBULL.DIST ................................................... 289
WORKDAY ............................................................ 86
WORKDAY.INTL .................................................. 86
XIRR ..................................................................... 386
XNPV.................................................................... 387
XOR ........................................................................ 68
YEAR ...................................................................... 80
YEARFRAC ........................................................... 81
YIELD................................................................... 388
YIELDDISC ......................................................... 390
YIELDMAT .......................................................... 391
Z.TEST.................................................................. 289
ZTEST................................................................... 289
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Nh Ti Tr Vng Gii Php Excel

Tr s chnh: S 04, Ng 322, L Trng Tn, Thanh Xun, H Ni

Tel / Fax: 043.566.8035 043.566.8036
Website: ketoanhanoi.vn Email: ketoanhanoi1@gmail.com

K TON H NI

Cng ty C Phn Nghin cu v H Tr Doanh nghip H Ni thnh lp t nm 2005, tin

thn ca vn phng k ton thu H Ni, c thnh lp bi mt tp th lnh o c nhit huyt
v c hng chc nm kinh nghim trong lnh vc T vn dch v K Ton Thu v Dy k ton
thc hnh thc t.

Khng ch pht trin v c uy tn v lnh vc dch v k ton, chng trnh o to k ton

thc hnh trn chng t thc t ca chng ti cng khng ngng ln mnh v mang li "S nghip
vng vng cho rt nhiu hc vin". Mi nm chng ti o to c hng nghn hc vin t khp
cc tnh thnh trong c nc v h u t tin pht trin ngh nghip K ton ca mnh mt cch
xut sc. iu ny to c uy tn v tin tng ca nhiu khch hng khi h c c i ng
k ton do chng ti o to v bi dng nghip v.

Vi thng hiu K TON H NI hin nay Cng ty chng ti khng ngng ln mnh
v th trng dch v, cht lng o to. p ng nhu cu, nguyn vng ca cc bc ph
huynh, cc hc vin v i tc l cc doanh nghip, hin nay Cng ty chng ti m thm cc
c s o to ti cc Qun (huyn) ni ngoi thnh H Ni v cc tnh ln cn. Uy tn, thng hiu
v cht lng o to ca cng ty cng v th khng ngng ln mnh thu ht c mt ngun lc
ging vin cht lng cng tm huyt gp phn pht trin cht lng o to cng nh mang li
ngun li ch ln cho doanh nghip v x hi.

Vi nhim v lun tm ti, nghin cu, sng to nhm em n cho Qu khch hng nhng
gii php tt nht, ti u nht v K ton - Thu, Lut doanh nghip nhm gip Qu Doanh Nghip
- Cng ty - C nhn ti a ha li tch v gim thiu chi ph cho s pht trin kinh doanh ca mnh.

Phng chm phc v: Chng ti lun t vic phc v khch hng l tiu ch hng u.
Ton b i ng nhn vin lun tm nim rng: Thnh cng ca chng ti nm trong nhng
gi tr m chng ti em li cho khch hng. Chnh v l chng ti lun cam kt mang
li cho khch hng nhng gi tr v li ch ti a nht

Cht lng dch v: i ng nhn vin, chuyn vin v cc ging vin ca chng ti
c o to v tch ly kinh nghim trong mt thi gian di, thng xuyn tham gia cc
hi tho, cc bui ta m v cc lnh vc thu, k ton, lut doanh nghip. Qua s tri
nghim , chng ti hc hi, trau di v tm kim tri thc mi nng tm cht lng
o to v dch v ln mt bc pht trin mi. Chng ti lun lm vic vi tinh thn trch
nhim cao nht v bn thn mi thnh vin trong cng ty u nhn thc rng nhng doanh
nghip thnh cng l nh kt hp c nhng con ngi u t, c ng lc lm vic, kht
vng c khng nh bn thn mnh m chnh l im khc bit ca chng ti to
c hiu qu cng vic tt nht.

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Nh Ti Tr Vng Gii Php Excel

Tr s chnh ti H Ni: Phng 1507, ta nh Thnh Cng, 57 Lng H, Ba nh.

in thoi/Fax: (04) 3514-85-50, (04) 3514-85-51, (04) 3514-84-30
Website: www.1vs.vn Email: 1vs@1vs.vn

H thng phn mm k ton v qun l 1C ti Vit Nam

Phn mm k ton v qun l 1C l h thng gii php c ngun gc t Hng 1C thuc Lin bang
Nga. Gii php ny hin c ng dng ti hn 1,2 triu doanh nghip trn th gii, trong
khch hng ln nht ca 1C c quy m s dng ln ti hn 10 nghn my. H thng gii php ny
c Vit ha bi cng ty 1VS. y cng l h thng phn mm nc ngoi duy nht c phn
mm k ton c Vit ha hon ton p ng kp thi s thay i ca lut php Vit Nam. Trong
s cc gii php c 1VS Vit ha phn phi phi k n:
1C:K TON 8
L phn mm i tr trong cng tc t ng ha k ton doanh nghip v k ton thu, ng thi
to ra cc biu mu bo co php quy. Phn mm pht trin di 03 phin bn: 1C:K TON 8
cn bn, 1C:K TON 8 m rng, 1C:K TON Tp on.
1C:BN L 8
L gii php t ng ha hot ng bn hng ca cc ca hng bn l (POS Point of Sale), chui
ca hng, siu th, nh hng. c bit gii php cn h tr hiu qu cho vic qun l cc chng
trnh chit khu, qun l vic t hng, tch hp cc thit b bn hng a dng. Sn phm gm 2
phin bn: 1C:BN L 8 cn bn, 1C:BN L 8 m rng.
1C:Qun l thng mi
L gii php ERP chuyn dng dnh cho lnh vc thng mi. Phn mm cho php kt hp cc
nhim v t ng ha quy trnh nghip v, phn tch v lp k hoch, ng thi m bo cho vic
qun l. Phn mm c bit ph hp t ng ha cc h thng ca hng ln, chui i siu th.
1C:Qun l vn bn (ECM)
L gii php dnh cho cc c quan hnh chnh s nghip v cc t chc kinh t t ng ha
ng b cng tc qun l vn bn, lu tr, phi hp cng vic ca nhn vin, kim sot v phn
tch k lut thc hin (T chc vn phng khng giy).
Cng tc qun l vn bn c thc hin theo tng dng vn bn, theo quy nh v qun l vn
bn ca doanh nghip. Nguyn tc qun l vn bn n, vn bn i v vn bn ni b trong chng
trnh tng ng vi lut php Vit Nam, tiu chun quc gia, khuyn co ca Cc Vn th v Lu
tr nh nc v thc t qun l h s.
Gii php c h tr lm vic vi nhiu ngi s dng trong mng cc b hoc thng qua internet,
trong bao gm c trnh duyt web.
1C:Qun l tng th (ARM)
L gii php phn mm thuc lp ERP, c tch ra t h thng phn mm qun l ln ca Hng
1C. Trong chng trnh c thc thi tt c nhng tnh nng cn thit t ng ha cc chc nng
qun tr trong doanh nghip nh: k ton, kim sot, phn tch v lp k hoch. Gii php ph hp
t ng ha cng tc qun tr trong cc doanh nghip: dch v, sn xut, xy dng.

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Nh Ti Tr Vng Gii Php Excel

c im ca h thng gii php phn mm 1C

c Vit ha hon ton v tun th php lut

C th s dng ngay cho hu ht cc doanh nghip m khng cn chnh sa
Kh nng thay i gii php theo nhu cu ca tng doanh nghip c th
Kh nng p dng theo nhiu quy m khc nhau t nh n ln.

u im ca 1C Theo Bo Din n doanh nghip

Trao i vi DDN, ng Trn Thng gim c cng ty 1VS khng nh: phn mm qun l 1C
l mt trong nhng dng sn phm c Vit ha nhm phc v doanh nghip (DN) trong nc.
c bit, nh nhng u im ni tri nn nhng sn phm ny c nhiu khch hng tn nhim.

PV: Nhng u im l g tha ng?

Nu so vi gii php nc ngoi, phn mm
1C c u th v gi c v dch v ti ch.
So vi cc gii php ca Vit Nam, sn
phm c sc cnh tranh vt tri v mt
cng ngh v tnh nng.
Phi ni thm rng c im ni tri m cc
DN ln nh gi cao khi tm n vi sn
phm ca chng ti l tnh quy m v hiu
sut. Khch hng ln nht ca gii php 1C
l cng ty Mezhregiongaz vi 10.000 my
s dng, trong s lng truy cp ng
thi trung bnh l 8.300 my.
Nhng y l sn phm ca Nga, v vy
n s c nhng im khc bit so vi Phn mm 1C 8 ln hi Danh hiu Sao Khu
phn mm k ton ca Vit Nam, tha
ng?
May mn cho chng ti l h thng k ton ca Nga v Vit Nam l kh tng ng, c chung
ngun gc l t h thng k ton ca Lin X c, v c chuyn i sang chun mc k ton
quc t. c bit c hai h thng k ton u c ti khon i ng.
y l iu kin v cng thun li, v chnh l u th ca sn phm 1C ti th trng Vit. Cc
sn phm nc ngoi khc nh M, Anh, trong trng hp Vit ha s mt rt nhiu cng sc v
chi ph v nhng khc bit gia cc h thng k ton, v c th ni l kh lm c khi phi bt
kp ch php lut thng xuyn thay i ca Vit Nam. Chnh v vy m n nay c th ni 1C
l gii php nc ngoi duy nht c Vit ha m tun th ch k ton Vit Nam v p ng
kp thi nhng chnh sch mi.
Tt nhin l gia Nga v Vit Nam c nhng khc bit trong qun l, a s l v Nga i trc
chng ta rt nhiu. Mt s trng hp phn mm c nhng tnh nng m hin doanh nghip Vit
cha quan tm hoc cha pht sinh. V d nh chun mc s 17 (K ton thu thu nhp doanh
nghip), trong khi chng ta vi a s k ton cn b ng vi cc khi nim, th Nga vic hoch
ton t ng trn phn mm l mt iu tt yu. V n tn by gi, mc d phn mm c sn
tnh nng cho php tin hnh k ton danh nghip v k ton thu trn cng mt c s d liu,
nhng phn ln cc khch hng ca chng ti cng cha khai thc.

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Nh Ti Tr Vng Gii Php Excel

ng c th cho bit c th hn v vic "Vit ha" cc sn phm 1C?

Chng ti tin hnh Vit ha t gc, bao gm c nn tng cng ngh 1C v cc gii php thuc h
thng. Khi lng cng vic kh s, n khng ch n gin l chuyn giao din sang ting Vit.
Bn cnh , sn phm cn c ty ng vi c th ca th trng v chuyn ha h thng ti
liu phng php i km mi sn phm. V d, ring gii php v k ton, chng ti c n gn
20 u sch i km.
Nhng gi sn phm tiu biu ca h thng ang c cung cp ti Vit Nam v i tng
DN m 1VS hng ti, tha ng?
i tng DN m sn phm chng ti hng ti l m rng dn theo quy m. Khi mi thm nhp,
cng ty hng ti th trng i tr vi phn mm k ton v phn mm qun l bn hng, nhng
gii php dnh cho doanh nghip nh v va. Cn trong hai nm tr li y 1VS u tin cho cc
sn phm mang tnh qun l, qun tr cho doanh nghip ln hn nh cc gii php thuc lp ERP
l "1C:Qun l tng th (ARM)", "1C:Qun l thng mi" v gii php thuc lp ECM
l "1C:Qun l vn bn".
l pht trin theo chiu rng, cn v chiu su, sn phm hin ang u t phc v nhu cu
qun l cho chui ca hng, chui i siu th v gii php ECM cho cc t chc ti chnh.
Vy vi gii php k ton thu, 1VS h tr DN trong cng vic bo co thu nh th
no, tha ng?
Phn mm 1C m bo lp ra y cc bo co theo ng ch k ton, bao gm cc bo co
ti chnh, s sch k ton v t khai thu. Trong , gii php cn tun th nghim ngt chun
mc s 17, cho php ngi dng va lm k ton DN va hch ton thu trn cng mt d liu
nh ti ni trn. Ngoi ra phn mm cng thng xuyn c cp nht theo ng cc thay
i trong quy nh ca ch k ton v cc quy nh v thu.
ng c th cho bit k hoch pht trin h thng ny ti Vit Nam trong thi gian ti?
Thi gian qua 1VS lun cp nht, tn dng nhng th mnh v cng ngh t hng 1C. in hnh
nh thng 9 va qua, khi ra mt phin bn mi, sn phm "1C:Qun l vn bn" tr thnh gii
php ECM u tin vi giao din ting Vit c kh nng lm vic trn in thoi di ng nh
iPhone, iPad, hoc cc dng Smartphone, Tablet khc. y cng l nh hng pht trin trong
tng lai ca chng ti, lun cp nht kp thi cng ngh mi, phng php lm vic tin tin ca
th gii.
Xin cm n ng!

H thng phn mm 1C c Vit ha v Vit Nam t nm 2005 bi ng Trn Thng. Sau

gn 10 nm pht trin vi nhng tin ch vt tri, sn phm ginh c ch ng v khng
nh c v th ti th trng Vit Nam.
n nay, 1VS c khong 3.000 khch hng. Trong , sn phm p ng c nhng khch
hng c yu cu phc tp nh: Ngn hng quc t VIB, Trng Tin Plaza, Chui siu th Viettel-
Starmark, Cng ty c phn Tn m mu FUJITON, Tng cng ty ng st Vit Nam
Bn cnh , h thng sn phm 1C cng c gii chuyn mn nh gi cao khi lin tip 04
nm ginh c 08 gii thng Sao Khu - gii thng uy tn nht trong lnh vc cng ngh
thng tin.

Theo bo "Din n Doanh nghip" s 95, th t ngy 27/11/2013

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Nh Ti Tr Vng Gii Php Excel

a ch: S nh 32/106, ng 79, ng Cu Giy, Phng Yn Ha, Qun Cu Giy, H Ni

in thoi/Fax : 04.379.17200 Mobile: 0904.210.337
Website: www.bluesofts.net Email: sales@bluesofts.net

CNG TY C PHN BLUESOFTS

Cng ty C phn BLUESOFTS gi li chc sinh nht ln th 8 ca din n

GIAIPHAPEXCEL. Chc cc thnh vin ca din n mnh khe, gt hi c nhiu thnh cng
trong s nghip.

Cng ty C phn BLUESOFTS c thnh lp t thng 2 nm 2010. Lnh vc hot ng

chuyn sn xut & kinh doanh phn mm doanh nghip. Vi i ng k s lp trnh chuyn nghip,
i ng nhn vin chm sc khch hng tn tnh cng ty t c nhng kt qu nht nh.
Tnh ti nm 2013 cc khch hng tng ln kh nhiu t cc lnh vc v t nhiu quc gia khc
nhau. Cc khch hng tiu biu ca cng ty nh: Ngn hng pht trin Vit Nam, Ngn hng T
& PT Vit Nam, Tp on Hng C, Tp on xi mng Chinfon, Cng ty Cng nghip Ha cht
m Cm Ph, Cng ty C phn p lt cao cp Vinaconex, Cty xy dng & kinh doanh a c
Ha Bnh, Bnh vin a khoa Ging Ging, Morten Thor Hansen Denmark/c, Energy
Decisions Australia/c, JD Closeouts Malaysia, QJS, Saxilby Enterprise US/M, Sumimoto
Japan/Nht,

Cc phn mm chnh ca cng ty:

1. Phn mm k ton doanh nghip A-Excel

y l phn mm k ton d dng nht, gn nh, ph cho cc loi hnh doanh nghip
thng mi, dch v, XDCB. Phn mm t ng ha cao, ch cn nhp danh mc, cc
chng t mua hng, bn hng, thu, chi, phiu nhp, phiu xut,... ton b cc bo co k
ton, thu, bo co ti chnh phn mm lm t ng, 100% cc bo co xut ra Excel. Phn
mm hin nay c cc doanh nghip, cc c nhn lm dch v k ton nh gi cao v s
n nh, linh hot, lm k ton cho nhiu cng ty, ... xem chi tit

2. Phn mm qun l kho BS Silver

BS Silver - Phn mm qun l kho, cho php qun l nhiu hng ha, vt t vi nhiu
kho.Kim sot s bin ng v s lng v gi tr nhp, xut ca tng mt hng, tng kho,
b phn, v vic, khch hng, nh cung cp...

Phn mm thc hin theo chun mc k ton, tng thch hon ton vi phn mm k ton
ca BLUESOFTS, ng dng nhiu phng php tnh gi xut kho ph bin nh: Bnh qun

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Nh Ti Tr Vng Gii Php Excel

lin hon, FIFO (nhp trc, xut trc), LIFO (Nhp sau, xut trc) v phng php
thc t ch danh.

Phn mm cung cp y cc s sch qun l hng ha nh cc s tng hp, th kho,

phiu nhp, xut theo mu chun ca B ti chnh. Ngoi ra phn mm cung cp phong
ph cc dng biu gip cho nh qun l nm bt nhanh s bin ng v nhp xut theo
cc mc ch s dng.

Phn mm cho php chy qua mng LAN v Internet, v vy nhiu ngi (c th hng trm
ngi) c th cng kt ni chung vo CSDL lm vic. Phn mm qun tr ngi dng
cht ch nh c ch phn quyn chi tit theo tng nhm ngi truy cp,... xem chi tit

3. Phn mm kim phiu i hi c ng, kiu phiu cc chc v BS Vote

Phn mm kiu phiu BS Vote tch hp c hai quy trnh kim phiu t ng v bn t
ng, tc l x l d liu phiu bu c bng my qut hoc bng tay ty thuc vo iu
kin ca n v.

Kim phiu theo quy trnh bn t ng: H thng my tnh khng c my qut m vch
(Barcode Reader).

Kim phiu t ng: H thng my tnh kt hp vi my qut m vch. V vy ngi

dng khng phi nhp m i biu bng tay.

C 2 h thng trn u thc hin qua cc my tnh c ni mng, d liu c tp trung

v my ch m bo tc nhanh, chnh xc v an ton.

Phn mm xy dng chuyn nghip cho cc loi hnh bu c:

+ Kiu phiu bu chc v: on, ng, chc v,

+ Kiu phiu bu i hi ng c ng. Thc hin theo quy trnh t gi th mi trc tuyn
ti c ng, nhp giy y quyn, check-in, kim phiu nhanh gn bng cng ngh quyt
m vch s gp phn gip cho i hi ca cng ty chnh xc, nhanh gn v chuyn nghip,...
xem chi tit

4. Add-in A-Tools: Cng c chia s v qun tr file Excel qua mng

Cng c c chy tch hp vi Microsoft Excel (gi l Add-in) cho php:

+ Chia s file Excel qua mng: cc file Excel c lu trn mt my tnh (gi l my ch),
cc my tnh trong mng LAN, Internet c th cng kt ni ti mt file Excel son tho.
Add-in A-Tools cho php qun tr d liu Excel tp trung, m bo cng vic nhanh v an
ton v thng tin nh vo vic phn quyn chi tit tng user.

+ Lp bo co ng: cng c cho php ngi dng lp cc bo co chi tit, tng hp trn
Excel mt cch d dng, c th lin kt d liu t nhiu loi CSDL v bng tnh Excel nh
MySQL, MS SQL, Access, Foxpro,. Vi phng php ng dng ngn ng truy vn T-
SQL, thut ton ti u nn m bo tc trch lc d liu rt nhanh vi d liu ln (tc
nhanh hn chc nng Filter ca Excel), s linh hot khi xy dng nhiu iu kin lc
phc tp,... xem chi tit

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Nh Ti Tr Vng Gii Php Excel

5. Cc phn mm min ph

a. VirusMacroWarning Dit virus macro trong Excel

b. Add-in Accounting Helper c s thnh ch trong Excel

c. GridHighlighter - Hin sng ng k dc v ngang ca /Cell ang chn ( hin

thi) trong bng tnh Excel

d. Phn mm u gi trc tuyn trong Excel

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Nh Ti Tr Bc Gii Php Excel

a ch: 109 Trn Quc Tho, P.7, Q.3, TP.HCM

in thoi: 08.7307.8888 (t bn), 0985.67.51.51 (t vn audio), 0908.444.111 (hp tc)
Website: www.overturecafe.com Email: phucsinh72@gmail.com

OVERTURE CAF

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in thoi: (84.8) 3842 2676 - (84.8) 3842 2675 Fax: (84.8) 3842 2370
Website: www.newhorizons.edu.vn

TRUNG TM O TO NEW HORIZONS VIT NAM

Trung tm o to New Horizons Vit Nam l thnh vin ca h thng New Horizons
Computer Learning Centers. Trung tm l n v thuc Cng ty C phn Tin hc Lc Vit hot
ng o to di hnh thc hp tc o to vi New Horizons Computer Learning Centers. H
thng cc Trung tm o to New Horizons i tin phong trong o to cng ngh c thnh lp
nm 1982 v t tr s chnh ti thnh ph Anaheim, bang California, Hoa k.

Qua 30 nm pht trin, New Horizons Center l cng ty o to Cng ngh Thng tin c lp ln
nht th gii. New Horizons t chc v iu hnh cc Trung Tm o to cung ng nhiu chng
trnh o to, kha hc v Cng ngh, ng dng trn my tnh, k nng ngh nghip qua nhiu
phng php v phng thc o to. H thng New Horizons cung cp khong 24 triu gi o
to cho hc vin hng nm.

CHNG TRNH O TO

STT KHO HC
DESKTOP APPLICATIONS
1 Microsoft Office 2010/2013 Foundation
2 Microsoft Word / Excel 2010/2013 Advanced
3 Microsoft Excel For Business
4 Microsoft Excel 2010 VBA
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ITIL
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9 ITIL Service Life Cycle: Service Strategy
10 ITIL Service Life Cycle: Service Design
11 ITIL Service Capability: Operational Support and Analysis
PROJECT MANAGEMENT
12 Project IT Management (CompTIA Project+)
13 Project Management Professional (PMP) - 5th Ed PMBOK
SALES SKILLS
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18 Sales Management Skills

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17/7 on Nh Hi, Qun 4, TPHCM, Vit Nam

Tng 2, 130 Nguyn Cng Tr, Qun 1, TPHCM, Vit Nam
in thoi: 08. 3822 0678 Fax: 08. 3821 5383
Email: info@sanglap.com.vn ; info@fcavn.com
Website: www.sanglap.com.vn ; www.fcavn.com

CNG TY TNHH KIM TON T VN

SNG LP CHU (FCA)

Gii thiu v FCA

Cng ty TNHH Kim ton T vn Sng lp Chu (FCA) l ni hi t ca nhng chuyn vin
giu kinh nghim v nng lc n t cc cng ty k ton, kim ton hng u quc t, lun em
li cho khch hng s h tr trong a dng lnh vc nh: k ton k thut, lp bo co ti chnh,
chun b h s kim ton, nh gi hng tn kho v ti sn, t vn IT, kim ton tun th v kim
ton ni b.
Trong bi cnh kinh t tt c cc doanh nghip u mun tm n cc gii php tit kim chi ph,
chng ti mong mun to ra s khc bit cho Qu v thng qua vic cung cp dch v cht lng
cao vi i ng chuyn vin c vn kin thc, kinh nghim hng u nhng vi mc ph hon
ton cnh tranh so vi cc nh cung cp dch v khc. Khch hng ca chng ti rt a dng, t
nhng cng ty doanh thu hng chc triu -la cho n nhng cng ty va khi nghip.

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Nh Ti Tr Bc Gii Php Excel

Nhng u th khc bit ca FCA

Ti sao chn FCA?

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Nh Ti Tr ng Gii Php Excel

a ch: 196 Vn Kip, P.3, Q.Bnh Thnh, Tp.HCM

in thoi: 08.66837342 Mobile: 0985 88 1339
Website: www.tamantax.com.vn Email: info@tamantax.com.vn

CNG TY TNHH DV THU TM AN

Cng ty TNHH DV Thu Tm An l n v chuyn cung cp dch v k ton, i l thu chuyn
nghip v hp php. Cng ty c sng lp v iu hnh bi nhng thnh vin c t 15-20 nm
kinh nghim, c y chng ch hnh ngh theo quy nh php lut. Chng c i ng nhn vin
v cng tc vin nhiu nm kinh nghim, c hun luyn chu o.
Chng ti l n v cung cp dch v hp php theo quy nh php lut. Chng ti c Hi K
ton Kim ton Vit Nam xc nhn iu kin cung cp dch v k ton theo quy nh ca Lut
K ton. Chng ti cng c C quan thu xc nhn iu kin kinh doanh dch v lm th tc
v thu (i l thu).
Ly tn l Thu Tm An, chng ti mong mun thng qua dch v chuyn nghip v ng tin
cy ca mnh, em li cho qu khch hng s yn tm v ngha v thu. Thu l ngha v, l chi
ph phi c nhng s khng cn l ni m nh, mi bn tm lo lng ca qu ch doanh nghip.
Cc dch v Thu Tm An cung cp
Dch v k ton
Chng ti m nhn thc hin tt c cc cng vic k ton ca doanh nghip t ghi ghp hch ton
k ton cho n k khai thu. Dch v ny ph hp cho doanh nghip khng thu k ton, khng
t chc b my k ton ring.
Dch v k ton trng
Ngi m nhim vai tr k ton trng cn phi c kinh nghim, nm vng chnh sch thu, am
hiu lnh vc kinh doanh ca doanh nghip v phi c chng ch KTT theo quy nh. thu nhn
vin p ng tiu chun, doanh nghip cn phi tn chi ph khng nh. Chng ti c th cung cp
dch v k ton trng cho doanh nghip, nhn s c iu kin vi mc chi ph hp l.
Dch v sot xt v thu
Doanh nghip sau nhiu ln thay i k ton, chng t s sch khng hon thin hoc khng thc
s an tm v s liu k ton thu hin c. Doanh nghip cn mt bn th ba chuyn nghip sot
xt, t vn, h tr b phn k ton trong vic hon thin s sch, k khia thu. Chng ti s cung
cp dch v t vn, sot xt nh k thng, qu hoc sot xt trc khi quyt ton thu TNDN nm.
Dch v i l thu
Chng ti s i din doanh nghip hoc c nhn thc hin cc th tc v thu theo quy nh php
lut. c bit c nhn c thu nhp cao v nhiu ngun thu nhp nhng li khng nm vng quy
nh ca lut thu thu nhp c nhn hoc khng c thi gian thc hin quyt ton thu.
Dch v thit lp h thng k ton
Dch v ny cn cho doanh nghip mi thnh lp hoc ang c nhu cu c cu li hot ng.
Chng ti cung cp dch v trn gi t kho st, xy dng quy trnh, tuyn dng nhn s v t
chc b my k ton p ng nhu cu qun tr ti chnh k ton ca doanh nghip.

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Nh Ti Tr ng Gii Php Excel

a ch: 196 Vn Kip, Phng 3, Qun Bnh Thnh, TP.HCM

in thoi: 08.62976941 Mobile: 0985 881 339
Website: www.webketoan.vn Email: info@webketoan.vn

Webketoan.vn

Webketoan.vn l trang thng tin chuyn ngnh k ton. Webketoan.vn bao gm nhiu trang chc
nng v din n phc v nhu cu tham kho, trao i chia s kinh nghim trong cng tc k ton.

Trang ch
Trang ch l trang tng hp tin tc. Ni dung trang ch bao gm mc tin v k ton, php lut
thu, ti chnh doanh nghip v nhng k nng h tr khc.

Din n
y l din n dnh cho cng ng nhng ngi lm cng tc k ton giao lu, trao i nghip
v, chia s kinh nghim. Thng qua chia s trn din n nhiu anh ch em nng cao tay ngh,
thng tin trong ngh nghip. Din n l ni c bit hu ch cho cc bn mi vo ngh hc hi
kinh nghim, rt ngn qu trnh rn luyn tay ngh thng qua vic hc hi kinh nghip t cc bc
n anh i trc.
Link truy cp din n: www.webketoan.vn/forum/

Th vin
Tt c vn bn php quy v chnh sch mi ban hnh s c cp nht kp thi ti y. Ngoi ra,
th vin cng l ni download nhng phn mm hu ch nh phn mm h tr k khai thu
HTKK. Link truy cp th vin: www.webketoan.vn/tv/

Trang t vn
y l trang tin ch c trin khai vo thi im nh du ct mc 10 nm thnh lp. Trang t
vn s l ni cung cp kin thc, quy nh chnh sch chuyn ngnh c chn lc, bin tp v
kim sot nhm mc ch phc v tra cu. Link truy cp trang t vn: tuvan.webketoan.vn

Tin ch khc
+ Cp nht thng tin qua enail: Nu khng c iu kin truy cp thng xuyn, anh ch em c
th s dng tnh nng cp nht tin qua email. Hng ngy mi sng, h thng s gi email nhng
thng tin c cp nht ln trang ch ca Webketoan ngy hm trc. Tin s dng trch
mt phn, anh ch em quan tm tin no th nhn vo vo Webketoan xem ton b tin.
+ Webketoan trn Facebook:
Fanpage ca Webketoan: https://www.facebook.com/webketoan.vn
Group trao i nghip v: https://www.facebook.com/groups/webketoanface/

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