FEMA P-154

1. Geological Hazards

- Liquefaction Solid to liquid (because of earthquake). Low soil penetration, very high soil
water content. Can be identified from data collection. (Marked Yes)

- Landslide Height of the slope > Distance building nearest side to the slope. (Marked
Yes)

If cannot determined during screening (Marked DNK)

2. Adjacency

- Pounding a. Minimum gaps between adjacent buildings.

Very High Seismicity : 2 inches per story

High Seismicity : 1.5 inches per story

Moderately High Seismicity : 1 inch per story

Moderate & Low Seismicity : 0.5 per story

b. Applies at least one of three conditions.

Floor separated vertically > 2 feet

Damage concentrate in taller building at roof floor of shorter

building

Building is at end of a row of three of more building.

- Falling hazards from Chimneys, parapets, tanks, appendages, signs, walls, or any other
component.

taller adjacent building

3. Irregularities

- Vertical a. Sloping Site (Moderate vertical irregularity)

b. Weak/or Soft Story (Severe vertical irregularity)

Large openings and narrow piers. (weak story)

One of stories particularly taller than other stories. (soft story)

c. Out-of-Plane Setback (Severe vertical irregularity)

Seismic force-resisting system at one story is not aligned vertically with

above/below.

Cantilever.

d. In-Plane Setback (Moderate vertical irregularity)

Seismic force-resisting system elements at upper are offset with lower.

e. Short Column/Pier (Severe vertical irregularity)

Some columns are shorter than the typical columns, attract more lateral load.

(add slab between floor level, infill walls, narrow column compared with

spandrels depth).

f. Split Levels (Moderate vertical irregularity)

Floor/roof levels in one part building do not align with floor/roof levels in

other part building.

- Plan Primary concern (wood, tilt-up, precast frame, masonry)

a. Torsion

Good lateral load resistance in one direction, but not on the other.

b. Non-Parallel Systems

Wedge-shaped building, triangular plan, on corner of street not meet 90 o.

c. Reentrant Corner

E, L, T, U, or + shaped with projection more than 20 feet.

d. Diaphragm Openings

Large opening weaken diaphragm and reduce ability to transfer seismic force.

Large opening is one that has width over 50% of the diaphragms width.

e. Beams do not align with columns

Exterior beams do not align with the columns in plan.