Ejemplos en afirmativo/negativo/interrogativo

Tiempos Uso Indicadores

Del verbo to speak (hablar)

A: He speaks.// They speak. una accin reiterada en el

l habla//Ellos hablan. presente
Simple present N: He does not speak.//They do not speak validez general always, every,
never, normally,
l no habla// Ellos no hablan. acciones consecutivas often, seldom,
(Presente)
I: Does he speak?// Do they speak? acciones futuras sometimes,
Habla l ingls?// Hablan ellos ingls? confirmadas (horarios,
calendarios, programas)
accin que tiene lugar
A: He is speaking.//They are speaking.
mientras se habla
l est hablando//Ellos estn hablando. at the moment,
Present continuous accin limitada a un
N: He is not speaking.//They are not speaking. just, just now,,
momento en el tiempo Listen, Look!,
(Estar + gerundio) l no est hablando//Ellos no estn hablando.
concreto now, right now
I: Is he speaking?// Are they speaking?
acciones futuras ya
Est l hablando?//Estn ellos hablando?
planeadas o acordadas

una accin sucedida en el

yesterday, 2
A: He spoke.// They spoke. pasado, nica o reiterada minutes ago, in
Simple past l habl//Ellos hablaron. acciones consecutivas en el 1990, the other
N: He did not speak.// The did not speak.
pasado day, last Friday
(Pretrito Perf. simple) l no habl//Ellos no hablaron.
una accin nueva que oracin
I: Did he speak?// Did they speak?
condicional tipo II
Habl l?//Hablaron ellos? interrumpe una accin que (If I talked, )
ya estaba en curso
A: He was speaking.// They were speaking.
Past continuous l estaba hablando//Ellos estaban hablando. enfatiza el desarrollo de una
N: He was not speaking. //They were not speaking. accin que tiene lugar en el
(Estar + gerundio en while, as long as
l no estaba hablando//Ellos no estaban hablando- pasado en simultaneidad
pretrito imperfecto) I: Was he speaking?// Were they speaking?
con otra
Estaba l hablando?// Estaban ellos hablando?
 mltiples acciones que
tienen lugar a la vez en
pasado
una accin que estaba
teniendo lugar cuando fue
interrumpida por una nueva
se enfatiza el resultado
accin que se prolonga
hasta el momento presente
Present perfect simple accin que acaba de tener
lugar already, ever,
Perfect A: He has spoken.
accin ya sucedida con just, never, not
N: He has not spoken.
repercusiones en el yet, so far, till
(Pretrito perfecto I: Has he spoken?
now, up to now
presente
simple)
accin que nunca/una sola
vez/ms de una vez ha
tenido lugar hasta el
momento del discurso

Present perfect se enfatiza la accin (y no

progressive el resultado)
accin que ha durado hasta all day, for 4
A: He has been speaking.
Perfect continuous years, since
N: He has not been speaking. el momento presente 1993, how long?,
I: Has he been speaking? accin ya realizada pero
(Estar + gerundio en the whole week
con repercusiones en el
pretrito perfecto simple)
presente
already , just,
Past perfect simple A: He had spoken. accin llevada a cabo antes never, not yet,
N: He had not spoken. de un momento once, until that
Pluperfect I: Had he spoken? day
determinado del pasado
Oracin
 Past anterior en ciertas ocasiones se condicional tipo III
(If I had
puede reemplazar por
(Pretrito talked, )
el Past Perfect Prog.
pluscuamperfecto) enfatiza slo el hecho de
que algo tuvo lugar antes
de un determinado
momento del pasado

Past perfect
accin realizada antes de
progressive
un momento dado en el
Pluperfect continuous pasado
A: He had been speaking.
a veces se puede for, since, the
Past anterior continuous N: He had not been speaking.
intercambiar con el Past whole day, all day
I: Had he been speaking?
(Estar + gerundio en Perfect Simple
pretrito pone de relieve la accin o
pluscuamperfecto) la duracin de la accin

in a year, next ,
tomorrow
Future I simple Oracin
sucesos futuros sobre los
(will) que no se puede influir condicional de
A: He will speak.
tipo I (If you ask
N: He will not speak. una decisin espontnea
Future I her, she will help
I: Will he speak? suposiciones acerca del you.)
(Futuro simple) futuro suposicin: I
think, probably,
perhaps

Future I simple intencin preexistente

A: He is going to speak.
(going to) respecto al futuro in one year, next
N: He is not going to speak.
conclusin lgica week, tomorrow
I: Is he going to speak?
(Futuro prximo)
concerniente al futuro
 Future I progressive accin que tendr lugar en
un momento determinado
Future continuous A: He will be speaking.
del futuro in one year, next
N: He will not be speaking.
acontecimientos que week, tomorrow
(estar + gerundio en I: Will he be speaking?
sucedern con seguridad o
futuro simple)
que son obvios

Future II simple

Future II A: He will have spoken.

accin que ya habr by Monday, in a
N: He will not have spoken.
Future perfect concluido en el futuro week
I: Will he have spoken?

(Futuro perfecto)

Future II progressive

Future II continuous
accin que ya habr
A: He will have been speaking. for , the last
Future perfect concluido en el futuro
N: He will not have been speaking. couple of hours,
progressive I: Will he have been speaking? recalca la duracin de la all day long
accin
(Estar + gerundio en
futuro perfecto)

Conditional I simple

Subjunctive II Oracin
A: He would speak.
accin que podra ocurrir condicional tipo II
(Present) N: He would not speak.
con cierta probabilidad (If I were you, I
I: Would he speak?
would go home.)
(Posibilidad condicional
simple)
 Conditional I
progressive

Subjunctive II continuous
accin que podra tener
A: He would be speaking.
(Present) lugar con cierta probabilidad
N: He would not be speaking.
I: Would he be speaking? pone de relieve la accin o
(Posibilidad en su forma
la duracin de la accin
continua estar +
gerundio en condicional
simple)

Conditional II simple
Oracin
Subjunctive II condicional tipo
A: He would have spoken.
accin que hubiese ocurrido III
(Past) N: He would not have spoken.
en el pasado (If I had seen
I: Would he have spoken?
that, I would have
(Posibilidad condicional helped.)
compuesto)

Conditional II
progressive
accin que en otras
Subjunctive II continuous
A: He would have been speaking. circunstancias hubiese
(Past) N: He would not have been speaking. podido ocurrir en el pasado
I: Would he have been speaking? pone de relieve la accin o
(Posibilidad estar +
la duracin de la accin
gerundio en condicional
compuesto)