Install Solar for Home

E.N.G.I.N.E.E.R., Inc.
SOLAR for the HOME

Installation / Workshop
Prepared/ Compiled by:
Engineer William Jacinto Juan, pee/ rmp/ mepf/ ma/ broadcaster
Founder/Admin, SOLARSAFEWIND PHILIPPINES
Dep. GenSec, E.N.G.I.N.E.E.R., Inc.
Co-Founder, MEPF Engineers Co.
Interim Natl President, PISMAP (was PIPES)
Former Chairman, IIEE Electrical Safety Committee
Former NP, PSUMP/ NAMPAP Pro-Change/ Pugad Lawin Phils.
Proprietor, FEMP Safety Engineering Construction, 2013-present
CEO/Founder, Versatech Consultants & Mgmt.Corp., 1985-2015
0943 0616 215 / 09955 253 107 / 0919 605 4873 / telefax 646 9516
wiljjuan254@yahoo.com / wiljjuan.engr@gmail.com
July 2017
Invocation
Amang Banal, pinupuri Ka namin at
pinasasalamatan sa mga biyaya at sa tuloy-tuloy
Mong paggabay sa amin, Maraming salamat po
sa pagkakataon na makapaglingkod sa aming
mga kapatid at sa aming Bayan, Sana po ang
mga gawaing ito ay magdudulot ng positibong
resulta na magbibigay ng dagdag na kaalaman,
kakayahan at kaunlaran ng bawat isa at para sa
aming Bayan, Lahat pong ito ay aming itinataas
sa Iyo Dakilang Ama sa Pangalan ng Inyong
Anak na si Jesus, Amen
Short Resume of Resource Speaker/ Lecturer:
Engr. William Jacinto Juan, pee,rmp,mepf,ma
0943 0616 215 / 0915 292 8668 / 0929 555 2508 / telefax 646 9516
Admin/Founder SOLARSAFEWIND PHILIPPINES, a FB Group
Technical Lecturer for the PABO-DPWH / PNP / AFP / PAF / BFP
PEE-Top 1 (Oct.1980)/ Asso.EE-Top 3 (Sept.1979) / Asst.EE-Top 8 (Aug.1976) /
RMP-Top 5 (Sept.1989) / Amateur Radio License DU1-ICH (94.5% rating)
Former EE Professor @ National University, 1979-1991
BSEE 1976 / BSME 1987 National University
Former Chairman, IIEE Electrical Safety Committee
Former IIEE Natl Treasurer/ Natl Auditor/ Governor-at-Large
Was Electrical Consultant/ Designer for PICOP/ SMC/ Parsons Intl/ AEP Intl/
Caltex/ Petron/ Coca Cola/ Selecta/ Avida / DMC-UPDI/ Motolite-Ramcar Projects
Dep.Gen.Sec/Co-Founder E.N.G.I.N.E.E.R. & Director/Co-Founder MEPF Engineers Co.
Gen.Manager/Proprietor of FEMP Safety Engineering Construction, 2013-present
President/CEO/Founder of Versatech Consultants & Mngt.Corp., 1985-2015
Interim President, Phil.Integrated Plumbing Engineers Society (PIPES), 2014-2016
Founding President, Phil. Society of United Master Plumbers (PSUMP), 2013
National President - Pugad Lawin Philippines, Inc., 2009,2010,2011
President Rotary Club of Pasig North, RID3800, 2005-2006
Broadcaster/ Co-Anchor Talakayang Pinoy, KakammpiOnline/ DWAD 1098Khz
Table of Contents
* Introduction/ Background of Solar Energy
* Why We Need to Adopt Rooftop Solar ASAP
* Estimated Costs for Rooftop Solar/ Payback
* Advantages/Disadvantages of Solar Power System
* Grid Tied/ Off Grid Systems/ Hybrid Systems
* Schematic/ Connection Diagrams
* Power & Energy Calculations
* Installation & Maintenance
* List of Members of SOLARSAFEWIND Phils.
R.A. No. 9513 or the Renewable Energy Act of 2008
A law promoting the development, utilization and commercialization of renewable
energy resources, i.e.:
(a) Accelerate the exploration and development of renewable energy resources
such as, but not limited to, biomass, solar, wind, hydro, geothermal and ocean energy
sources, including hybrid systems, to achieve energy self-reliance, through the
adoption of sustainable energy development strategies to reduce the country's
dependence on fossil fuels and thereby minimize the country's exposure to price
fluctuations in the international markets, the effects of which spiral down to almost all
sectors of the economy;
(b) Increase the utilization of renewable energy by institutionalizing the
development of national and local capabilities in the use of renewable energy systems,
and promoting its efficient and cost-effective commercial application by providing
fiscal and non-fiscal incentives;
(c) Encourage the development and utilization of renewable energy resources as
tools to effectively prevent or reduce harmful emissions and thereby balance the goals
of economic growth and development with the protection of health and the
environment; and
(d) Establish the necessary infrastructure and mechanism to carry out the mandates
specified in this Act and other existing laws.
Solar Energy
It is Free
It is Limitless
It is Efficient
It is Clean
Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..
History of Cost of
Electricity (Residential) Can you think
1960s > P2+ per KWHR of a possible
1970s > P3+ per KWHR way to reduce
1980s > P4+ per KWHR
the cost of
1990s > P7-8+ per KWHR
2000s > P9-10+ per KWHR
electricity in
2010s > P11-13+ per KWHR the years to
2020s > P14-18+ ??? come?
Rough Comparative Cost of Electricity
Between Phils & South Korea
Manila, Phils. South Korea
Residential: P10-13 /KWHR P3.50/ KWHR
Commercial: P8-9 /KWHR P4.50/ KWHR
Industrial: P6-8 /KWHR P5.50/ KWHR

Comparative Cost of Electricity in Asia
Our countrymen missed the
chance to benefit from a very
cheap energy source (PhP2.40/
KWHR) supposedly from the
Bataan Nuclear Power Plant
(BNPP) from 1985 to the present.
(Many are apprehensive of nuclear
energy source but the USA has 99
nuclear power plants, France has 58,
Japan has 43, Russia & China has 36
each, Korea has 25, India has 22,
Canada has 19, UK & Ukraine has 15
each, Sweden has 10, etc.).
Now, we should not miss the
free, limitless, efficient and
clean energy from solar PV The Mothballed 621 MW Bataan
panels! Nuclear Power Plant (1984)
UNLIMITED ENERGY FROM THE SUN

The Earth receives an estimated 174 terawatts (TW or
1015 watts) of incoming solar radiation at the upper
atmosphere. Approximately 30% is reflected back to space
while the rest is absorbed by the clouds, the oceans and the
land masses.
The land surfaces of the Earth, the oceans and the
atmosphere absorb solar radiation which increases their
temperature to an average temperature of 14 C.
The process of photosynthesis on the green coloring of
plants makes plants grow. In this process, solar energy is
converted into chemical energy, which produces food, wood
and the biomass from which fossil fuels like oil, gas and coal
are formed underneath eons or ages ago and now extracted at
present. (From: Wikipedia)
How Fossil Fuels Are Formed
Fossil fuels such
as Coal, Oil and
Gas are formed
thousands of
years ago. They
are extracted
today to produce
energy.
While solar PV
panels instantly
produce energy
from the sun!
(From: Wikipedia)
HISTORY OF SOLAR or PV PANELS

1839 - French physicist A. E. Becquerel first recognized the
photovoltaic effect.
Photo+voltaic = convert light to electricity
1883 - first solar cell built, by Charles Fritts, coated
semiconductor selenium with an extremely thin layer of gold to
form the junctions.
1954 - Bell Laboratories, experimenting with
semiconductors, accidentally found that silicon doped with
certain impurities was very sensitive to light. Daryl Chapin,
Calvin Fuller and Gerald Pearson, invented the first practical
device for converting sunlight into useful electrical power.
Resulted in the production of the first practical solar cells with a
sunlight energy conversion efficiency of around 6%.
1958 - First spacecraft to use solar panels was US satellite
Vanguard 1.
(From: Wikipedia)
Solar Energy is the product of the

conversion of sun light into electrical
energy through the use of photo-voltaic
(PV) cells or the P-N junctions or diodes
from silicon wafers. The P-N junction is the
positive-negative silicon junction. The PV cell is
the reverse of the light-emitting diode or LED.
An LED emits light when DC voltage is passed
through it. While the PV cell generates DC
voltage when it receives light.
When light strikes the P-N junction a potential difference
is created, producing say 0.5 volts DC. If 24 solar cells are
in series, this produces 12 volts DC. If the terminals of
these cells are shorted, it would produce 3 amperes. 12
volts x 3 amperes equals 36 watts.
Phl is Host to SUNPOWER Solar
Panel Factory in Laguna
SOLAR PV PANELS
The Philippines is a host to SUNPOWER Solar
Manufacturing Company in Santa Rosa, Laguna
Founded 1985, purchased by Cypress Semiconductor in 2004,
spun out in 2008. SPWRA and SPWRB NASDAQ
HQs in San Jose, CA and Geneva, Switzerland
12 poly-silicon solar cell lines in the Philippines with a
capacity of 314 MW/year, (but for exports only)
Expansion to 1 GW capacity in 2010
High efficiency cells: 21-23%
Employees: 5,400
http://us.sunpowercorp.com/utility
Back of a Solar Panel
Typ. PV Panel Nameplate
INSTALLED SOLAR PANELS
South But this
Particular
PV Array
Installation
Exceeds the
Optimum
Slope or
Angle!
North South
FOR METRO MANILA & SUBURBS
12 DEG.
Note: Photos by FEMP Safety Engg

Optimum
Orientation of PV
Panels
In the Philippines, the optimum
tilt of the panels should be
approximately equal to the
latitude x 0.87.
The Philippines is located
between the latitude 4deg.N
(Tawi-tawi) to 21deg.N
(Batanes) North of the Equator.
The NCR is approximately at
14 deg.N, so for Metro Manila,
the optimum tilt of panels is 12
deg., facing South.
Philippines viz-a-viz the Sun Rays,
viz-a-viz the Equator..
Earth viz-a-viz Philippines viz-a-viz
the Sun Rays the World
Phils
.
Earth Rotation Around the Sun
World Cumulative Installed Solar Power, 2014
Philippines ??????
World Cumulative Installed Solar
Power Capacity, 2015-2016
Top 10 countries in 2015 based on Top 10 countries based on PV
total PV installed capacity (MW)[7] installed capacity in 2016 (MW)[7]
1. China: 78,100 MW (25.8%)
1, China: 43,530 MW (22.5%) 2. Japan: 42,800 MW (14.1%)
2. Germany: 39,700 MW (20.6%) 3. Germany: 41,200 MW (13.6%)
3. Japan: 34,410 MW (17.8%) 4. United States: 40,300 MW (13.3%)
4. United States: 25,620 MW (13.3%) 5. Italy: 19,300 MW (6.4%)
5. Italy: 18,920 MW (9.8%) 6. United Kingdom: 11,600 MW (3.8%)
6. United Kingdom: 8,780 MW (4.5%) 7. India: 9,000 MW (3.0%)
7. France: 6,580 MW (3.4%) 8. France: 7,100 MW (2.3%)
8. Spain: 5,400 MW (2.8%) 9. Australia: 5,900 MW (1.9%)
9. Australia: 5,070 MW (2.6%) 10. Spain: 5,500 MW (1.8%)
10. India: 5,050 MW (2.6%) 11.All Others: 42,300 MW (14.0%)
Phil. Cumulative Solar Power Plants,
as of 2016
300 MW by Ecoglobal in Zamboanga EcoZone (under construction);
20 MW by MIRAE Asia Energy, Currimao, Ilocos Norte
10.26 MW by First Cabanatuan Renewable Energy, Cabanatuan City, Nueva Ecija
18 MW by Citicore in Bataan;
30 MW by Phil. Solar Farm Leyte;
22 MW by Sindicatum Renewable in Mabalacat;
25 MW by Citycor Power in Silay City, Negros Occ.;
28.6 MW by Efinity in Digos;
45 MW by SACASOL in San Carlos City, Negros Occ.;
80 MW by ISLASOL in Negros Occ.;
2 MW by ADI in Batangas;
4.1 MW by EDC in Bangui, Ilocos Norte;
63.3 MW by Solar Phils in Calatagan, Batangas;
10 MW by Raslag in Mexico, Pampanga;
8.6 MW by Valenzuela Solar in Valenzuela City;
20 MW by MIRAE in Currimao, Ilocos Norte
132.5 MW by Cadiz Solar in Cadiz City, Negros Occ.;
50 MW by Solar Phils in Tarlac
1.5 MW by Solar Phils at SM North EDSA, QC;
0.7 KW by Solar Phils at Binan Mall;
1.1 MW by CEPALCO in Cagayan De Oro
872.66 MW+
1.1MW CEPALCO Solar Power Farm - 2004
(CEPALCO, Cagayan De Oro City, Misamis Oriental)
It is the First Solar Farm in the Phils.
45MW SACASOL Solar Power Farm-2014

(San Carlos City, Negros Occidental)
63.3MW Solar Philippines Farm-2016
(Calatagan, Batangas)
132.5MW Cadiz Solar Power Farm-2016
Cadiz City, Negros Occidental
Burgos-Bangui-Pagudpud
Wind Warm + Solar Farm
SOLAR FARMS versus
HOME ROOF SOLAR
We prefer Rooftop Solar over Solar Farms, as you can see in the
preceding photos, large land areas of Mother Earth usually covered with
some vegetation, flora and fauna, are being altered to accommodate the
solar panels. Hundreds of hectares of agricultural lands like sugar cane
fields, rice & corn fields are being converted. Then this practically free
energy is injected and mixed with the other energies on the national grid.
And the irony is when it reaches our homes, it is going to be still the
most expensive electricity in Asia, higher than that of Tokyo.
On the other hand, solar panels on HOME ROOF TOPS are still the best
energy supply system because it is closest to the electrical loads of our
respective homes - our LED bulbs, our electric fans, our ref, our TVs,
laptops/ mobile phones, our room air conditioners and our other home
appliances. Henceforth it is the most efficient and practical means of
installing solar panels to tap the free unlimited clean and noiseless
energy from the Sun!
GENERAL ADVANTAGES OF SOLAR
POWER ENERGY
1. It Saves Money Spent on Electricity
2. It can Earn Additional Revenue or Income..
3. Its an Efficient System (from roof to inside house, no need for
the electricity produced to flow through the HV transmission lines)
4. Its Non-Polluting (no exhaust smoke, zero carbon foot print)
5. It Can Power Remote Locations (like remote islands, far flung
barrios, mountain side cell sites or relay stations)
6. Its Renewable or Limitless (the sun is believed to be the
infinite source of all energy in the universe)
7. Its Noiseless (no combustion, no rotating parts, etc.)
8. Theres Almost No Maintenance Cost (no ball bearings or
bushings to wear or oil or filter to change)
9. It Reduces Dependence on Fossil Fuels
RA 9513 Offers Fiscal & Non-
Fiscal Incentives
(1) Income tax holiday;
(2) Duty-free importation of renewable machinery,
equipment, and materials;
(3) Special realty tax rates;
(4) Net operating loss carry-over;
(5) Corporate tax rate of 10%;
(6) Accelerated depreciation of plant, machinery, and
equipment;
(7) 0% value-added tax rate;
(8) Tax exemption on carbon credits; and
(9) Cash incentive for missionary electrification.
APPARENT DISADVANTAGES OF
SOLAR ENERGY
1. High Initial Cost? although the trend is the cost is
rapidly going down
2. Reduced Reliability? it is useless during night
time and reduced output when cloudy
3. Low Efficiency of Energy Conversion only up to
40% sunlight are converted to energy
4. Large Area Needed? Large area needed for big
energy users such as manufacturing plants
1. PRICE? BUT WHATS THE
PRICE TREND?
We bought a 75-watt solar panel made by BP or British Petroleum in 2009, a
surplus from previous cellsite installations by a contractor, the cost was
PhP19,000.00 per the 75-watt panel (PhP76,000 for a 300watts equivalent).
In 2015, we purchased a 300-watt panel made by SKF of Germany with a
cost of Php11,000 per pc, then in 2016, it became Php10,000 per pc., then last
Feb 2017, it became PhP9,000 per pc. Lately, Solar Philippines announced the
inauguration of their plant in Sto.Tomas, Batangas with their price of P25 per
watts or a price of PhP7,500 per pc for a 300 watts panel.
The reduction in cost of PV panels within the 8-year period from 2009 to
August 2017 is so tremendous!
Year 2009 2011-14 2015 2016 Feb 2017 Aug.23, 2017
Price P76,000/ ---------- P11,000/ P10,000/ P9,000/ P7,500/ (Solar Phils)
The increasing demand for PV panels will bring down the cost lower and
lower until each home/ rooftop has its own.
1.a THE LATEST PRICE? AND THIS
WILL GO DOWN FURTHER
2. REDUCED RELIABILITY? HERE
ARE SOME WAYS TO INCREASE IT
1. On-Grid Use surplus energy from solar roof tops can
be used by others in the grid.
2. Use of Storage Batteries adequate storage capacity
ensures 24/7 supply.
3. Combination Use w/ Other RE Sources, i.e. Wind
Mills in windy farms and in tall buildings.
4. Combination Use of Pump-Storage Hydro System,
i.e. Kalayaan Pump Storage Hydro Power Plant
5. Encourage SMEs Powered by Solar- some samples
home based enterprises that can be run from solar rooftops:
ice making, ice-cream making, meat food processing (w/
freezer), electric trike transport service, etc.
1. On-Grid Use surplus energy from solar
roof tops can be used by others in the grid.
2. Use of Storage Batteries adequate
storage capacity ensures 24/7 supply
3. Combination Use w/ Other RE Sources,
i.e. Wind Mills in windy farms & in tall
buildings
Rooftop Wind
Turbines
can augment the daily
energy harvest from the Sun.
We can store the wind
energy harvested from the
turbines to storage batteries.
The standard turbine specs
are: 2000w 48vdc (2.9m
dia.), 1000w 24/48vdc
(2.2m), 800w 12/24/48vdc
(1.87m), 600w 12/24/48vdc
(1.85m), 400w 12/24vdc
(1.45m), 300w 12/24vdc
(1.13m), 100w 12/24vdc
(1.05m)..
4. Combination Use of Pump-Storage
Hydro System, i.e. Kalayaan Pump
Storage Hydro Power Plant in Laguna
Excess solar energy in the grid during daytime from rooftops can be
used to pump water to the upper basin; Reverse process is done at
night time to supply energy to the grid. This facility can double up as
a flood control infrastructure and supports irrigation systems.
Top 16 Philippine Rivers Where to Build
Pump-Storage Hydro P/Ps...
1. Cagayan River, 505km, 2. Rio Grande River (Cotabato), 373km,

3. Agusan River, 350km, 4. Pulangi River (Bukidnon), 320km,
5. Pampanga River, 260km, 6. Agno River (Pangasinan), 206km,
7. Laoag River, 188km 8. Abra River, 178km
9. Abulog River(Kalinga),175km 10. Chico River(Kalinga),174km
11. Davao River, 160km 12. Magat River(Isabela),149km
13. Jalaur River (Panay), 122km 14. Matalag River (CAR), 114km
15. Tagoloan (Mis.Or.),105km 16. Bicol River (Camsur), 93km
WE NEED LOW LEVEL DAMS..
5. Encourage MSMEs Powered by Solar-
here are some samples of home based
enterprises that can be run from solar
rooftops
1) ICE MAKING / ICE-CREAM MAKING
2) MEAT FOOD PROCESSING (W/ FREEZER)
3) LAUNDRY SERVICES
4) DC WELDING SHOP
5) ELECTRIC TRIKE TRANSPORT SERVICE
6) SMALL BUSINESS OFFICE/ DESIGN OFFICE
7) OTHERS
Utilities Should Now Build Charging
Stations in 7-11s, Ministops,
Jolllibee/McDo/KFC Stores, etc!
Expand Use of Shuttle EVs/
Electric Cars/ Motorbikes
Solar Panels Can
Help Improve the
Fuel Efficiency of
Mobile Vehicles!
Solar Energy can also Power
Mass Transits LRTs/ MRTs/
BRTs / Bus Terminals
The excess energy exported to
the grid by SOLAR SYSTEMS
could be used to subsidize the
power needs of our mass transit
systems. Or solar energy
exporters could be given credits
on their beep cards.
3. ON LOW CONVERSION EFFICIENCY
First Generation Single Junction Silicon Cells
Single crystal silicon - 16-19% efficiency
Multi-crystal silicon - 14-15% efficiency
Second Generation Thin Film Cells
The most successful second generation materials have been
cadmium telluride (CdTe), copper indium gallium selenide
(CIGS), amorphous silicon and micro-morphous silicon.
CdTe 8 11% efficiency (18% demonstrated)
CIGS 7-11% efficiency (20% demonstrated)
Third Generation Multi-junction Cells
Current research is targeting conversion efficiencies of
30-60% (30% efficiency at present, with 40-43%
demonstrated)
The Conversion Efficiency is continuously improving
Worlds Most Efficient Solar Cells
CONCENTRATOR TYPE CELL CATEGORY
44.4% efficient solar cells by Sharp held the overall efficiency record for triple-junction
(concentrator) solar cells.
32.6% efficient solar cells by a Spanish solar research institute (IES) and university (UPM),
in the two-junction, concentrator solar cell category.
NON-CONCENTRATOR TYPE CELL CATEGORY

37.9% efficient solar cells by Sharp in the triple-junction, non-concentrator solar cell
category.
IN COMMERCIAL CELL CATEGORY

22.8% SunPowers SPR-327NE-WHT-D modules are the leading solar modules in solar
module yield field tests.
22.5% Panasonic solar modules hold the commercial solar module efficiency record.
IN THIN FILM CELL CATEGORY
17.4% Q-Cells (formerly a German company now owned by Hanwha of Korea) thin-film solar modules
hold the record in this specific solar panel category. Thin-film solar panels are widely used, but not in
residential applications.
4. ON THE LARGE AREA REQUIRED
Every home roof is a large potential collective area to install
solar panels. If the 100 million population have 21 million
homes in year 2015 (Source: National Statistics Office) and say
10 million homes have at least 300 watts capacity (1 Mtr. x 2.0
Mtr. area), this would be equivalent to 3,000MW capacity. Or if
each roof has 600W solar capacity, this would be 6,000MW
capacity, at least during day time. (At present, the Luzon grid
has a maximum demand of about 9,800MW, Visayas has about
1,700MW and Mindanao has about 1,500MW).
Also, every warehouse roof, every public market roof,
every parking area roof, every school roof, every church
roof, every covered sports or public assembly building is a
large potential area to expand this system.
Power Demand Outlook by the DOE versus
the NGCP Daily Power Outlook
Take note that the Peak
Demand of Luzon in MW
started at
9,582MW-2012, 9,900MW-
2013, 10,212MW-2014,
10,542MW-2015,
10,880MW-2016.
But at present, the NGCP
power outlook shows only
8,750MW. Why is the
demand not increasing as
projected? It is believed that
more and more homes and
factories have solar rooftops
now.
http://www2.doe.gov.ph/Presentations/Visayas%20Power%20Summit%20-%20Apri
Note: Graphics by FEMP Safety Engg

GRAPHS - SOLAR POWER &
HOME ENERGY DEMAND
Note: Graphics by Solar Quotes

ENERGY DEMAND, OFF-GRID
Note: Graphics by Solar Quotes

ENERGY DEMAND, ON-GRID
Note: Graphics by REneweconomy

EVENTUAL EFFECT OF HOME ROOF
SOLAR ENERGY TO THE ECONOMY
1. FREE SUN ENERGYTO 4. DISTRIBUTION
EVERY HOME/ROOF. UTILITIES/ TOLLWAYS
TO LOWER THEIR
2. ANY EXCESS CHARGES, TOO.
ENERGY FROM SOLAR
EXPORTED TO THE 5. THE COST PER KWHR
GRID. OF ELECTRICITY WILL
GO DOWN GRADUALLY.
3. DUE TO THE FREE
ENERGY TO THE GRID, 6. MORE INVESTORS
POWER PLANTS (IPPs) WILL COME TO PUT
WILL BE FORCED TO
UP FACTORIES IN
LOWER THEIR PRICES.
OUR COUNTRY!!!
BUT WE NEED TO
ACT FAST!
Otherwise, our other ASEAN
neighbors may act faster and
attract the investments!
ESTIMATED COSTS OF HOME ROOFTOP SOLAR (Off Grid)
(Note: For On-Grid Type / Grid-Tied, Price is Slightly Lower)
As of March 2017
Mo.Billing Min.Kw Qtty of Panel Total PV Cost of PV Inv. Cost of Inv No.of Cost of Batt No.of Cost of Direct Cost Install'n Total Inv.
Ave,PhP Capacity Panels KW Watts Panels KW Cost of Inv SCC SCCs AH Batt Batt Eqpt Cost Cost KW
1 1,000.00 0.331 2 250 500 16,000.00 1 3,000.00 2 2,000.00 200 1 8,000.00 29,000.00 11,020.00 40,020.00 1 1
2 1,500.00 0.496 2 250 500 16,000.00 1 3,000.00 2 2,000.00 200 1 8,000.00 29,000.00 11,020.00 40,020.00 2 1
3 2,000.00 0.661 3 250 750 24,000.00 1 3,000.00 3 3,000.00 200 1 8,000.00 38,000.00 14,440.00 52,440.00 3 1
4 2,500.00 0.827 4 250 1000 32,000.00 1 3,000.00 4 4,000.00 200 1 8,000.00 47,000.00 17,860.00 64,860.00 4 1
5 3,000.00 0.992 4 250 1000 32,000.00 1 3,000.00 4 4,000.00 200 1 8,000.00 47,000.00 16,450.00 63,450.00 5 1
6 3,500.00 1.157 4 300 1200 36,000.00 1.5 3,800.00 4 4,000.00 200 1 8,000.00 51,800.00 18,130.00 69,930.00 6 1.5
7 4,000.00 1.323 5 300 1500 45,000.00 1.5 3,800.00 5 5,000.00 200 1 8,000.00 61,800.00 21,630.00 83,430.00 7 1.5
8 4,500.00 1.488 5 300 1500 45,000.00 1.5 3,800.00 5 5,000.00 200 1 8,000.00 61,800.00 21,630.00 83,430.00 8 1.5
9 5,000.00 1.653 7 250 1750 66,500.00 2 4,500.00 7 7,000.00 400 2 16,000.00 94,000.00 32,900.00 126,900.00 9 2
10 5,500.00 1.819 8 250 2000 64,000.00 2 4,500.00 8 8,000.00 400 2 16,000.00 92,500.00 32,375.00 124,875.00 10 2
11 6,000.00 1.984 8 250 2000 64,000.00 2 4,500.00 8 8,000.00 400 2 16,000.00 92,500.00 32,375.00 124,875.00 11 2
12 6,500.00 2.149 8 300 2400 72,000.00 3 7,000.00 8 8,000.00 600 3 24,000.00 111,000.00 38,850.00 149,850.00 12 3
13 7,000.00 2.315 8 300 2400 72,000.00 3 7,000.00 8 8,000.00 600 3 24,000.00 111,000.00 38,850.00 149,850.00 13 3
14 7,500.00 2.480 9 300 2700 81,000.00 3 7,000.00 9 9,000.00 600 3 24,000.00 121,000.00 42,350.00 163,350.00 14 3
15 8,000.00 2.646 9 300 2700 81,000.00 3 7,000.00 9 9,000.00 600 3 24,000.00 121,000.00 42,350.00 163,350.00 15 3
16 8,500.00 2.811 10 300 3000 90,000.00 3 7,000.00 10 10,000.00 600 3 24,000.00 131,000.00 45,850.00 176,850.00 16 3
17 9,000.00 2.976 10 300 3000 90,000.00 3 7,000.00 10 10,000.00 600 3 24,000.00 131,000.00 45,850.00 176,850.00 17 3
18 9,500.00 3.142 13 250 3250 104,000.00 4 9,000.00 13 15,600.00 800 4 32,000.00 160,600.00 56,210.00 216,810.00 18 4
19 10,000.00 3.307 14 250 3500 112,000.00 4 9,000.00 14 16,800.00 800 4 32,000.00 169,800.00 59,430.00 229,230.00 19 4
20 11,000.00 3.638 15 250 3750 120,000.00 4 9,000.00 15 18,000.00 800 4 32,000.00 179,000.00 62,650.00 241,650.00 20 4
21 12,000.00 3.968 16 250 4000 128,000.00 4 9,000.00 16 19,200.00 800 4 32,000.00 188,200.00 65,870.00 254,070.00 21 4
22 13,000.00 4.299 17 250 4250 136,000.00 5 15,500.00 17 20,400.00 1000 5 40,000.00 211,900.00 74,165.00 286,065.00 22 5
23 14,000.00 4.630 19 250 4750 152,000.00 5 15,500.00 19 22,800.00 1000 5 40,000.00 230,300.00 80,605.00 310,905.00 23 5
24 15,000.00 4.960 20 250 5000 160,000.00 5 15,500.00 20 24,000.00 1000 5 40,000.00 239,500.00 83,825.00 323,325.00 24 5
25 16,000.00 5.291 18 300 5400 162,000.00 6 21,500.00 18 21,600.00 1200 6 48,000.00 253,100.00 88,585.00 341,685.00 25 6
26 18,000.00 5.952 20 300 6000 180,000.00 6 21,500.00 20 24,000.00 1200 6 48,000.00 273,500.00 95,725.00 369,225.00 26 6
27 19,000.00 6.283 21 300 6300 189,000.00 7.5 28,000.00 21 25,200.00 1400 7 56,000.00 298,200.00 104,370.00 402,570.00 27 7.5
28 20,000.00 6.614 23 300 6900 218,500.00 7.5 28,000.00 23 27,600.00 1400 7 56,000.00 330,100.00 115,535.00 445,635.00 28 7.5
29 21,000.00 6.944 24 300 7200 216,000.00 7.5 28,000.00 24 28,800.00 1400 7 56,000.00 328,800.00 115,080.00 443,880.00 29 7.5
30 22,000.00 7.275 25 300 7500 225,000.00 7.5 28,000.00 25 30,000.00 1400 7 56,000.00 339,000.00 118,650.00 457,650.00 30 7.5
31 23,000.00 7.606 26 300 7800 234,000.00 7.5 28,000.00 26 31,200.00 1600 8 64,000.00 357,200.00 125,020.00 482,220.00 31 7.5
32 24,000.00 7.937 32 250 8000 256,000.00 10 42,000.00 32 38,400.00 1600 8 64,000.00 400,400.00 140,140.00 540,540.00 32 10
33 27,000.00 8.929 36 250 9000 288,000.00 10 42,000.00 36 43,200.00 1600 8 64,000.00 437,200.00 153,020.00 590,220.00 33 10
34 30,000.00 9.921 40 250 10000 320,000.00 10 42,000.00 40 48,000.00 1600 8 64,000.00 474,000.00 165,900.00 639,900.00 34 10
35 33,000.00 10.913 44 300 13200 396,000.00 15 63,000.00 44 52,800.00 1800 9 72,000.00 583,800.00 175,140.00 758,940.00 35 15
36 36,000.00 11.905 40 300 12000 360,000.00 15 63,000.00 40 48,000.00 1800 9 72,000.00 543,000.00 162,900.00 705,900.00 36 15
37 39,000.00 12.897 43 300 12900 387,000.00 15 63,000.00 43 51,600.00 1800 9 72,000.00 573,600.00 172,080.00 745,680.00 37 15
38 42,300.00 13.988 46 300 13800 437,000.00 15 63,000.00 46 55,200.00 1800 9 72,000.00 627,200.00 188,160.00 815,360.00 38 15
39 45,300.00 14.980 50 300 15000 450,000.00 15 63,000.00 50 60,000.00 1800 9 72,000.00 645,000.00 193,500.00 838,500.00 39 15
40 48,300.00 15.972 64 250 16000 512,000.00 20 85,000.00 64 76,800.00 2000 10 80,000.00 753,800.00 226,140.00 979,940.00 40 20
41 51,300.00 16.964 68 250 17000 544,000.00 20 85,000.00 68 81,600.00 2000 10 80,000.00 790,600.00 237,180.00 1,027,780.00 41 20
42 54,300.00 17.956 72 250 18000 576,000.00 20 85,000.00 72 86,400.00 2000 10 80,000.00 827,400.00 248,220.00 1,075,620.00 42 20
43 57,300.00 18.948 76 250 19000 608,000.00 20 85,000.00 76 91,200.00 2000 10 80,000.00 864,200.00 259,260.00 1,123,460.00 43 20
44 60,300.00 19.940 80 250 20000 720,000.00 20 85,000.00 80 96,000.00 2000 10 80,000.00 981,000.00 294,300.00 1,275,300.00 44 20
Mo.Billing Min.Kw Qtty of Panel Total PV Cost of PV Inv. Cost of Inv No.of Cost of Batt No.of Cost of Direct Cost Install'n Total Inv.
Ave,PhP Capacity Panels KW Watts Panels KW Cost of Inv SCC SCCs AH Batt Batt Eqpt Cost Cost KW
ESTIMATED PAYBACK OF
ROOFTOP SOLAR
Example: 5 x 300wp, 1.5kw Inverter,
SCCs, 200AH battery (Item 8)
Estimated Total Cost: PhP 83,430.00
Ave.Monthly Billing = PhP 4,500.00
Payback Period = _PhP 83,430.00___________
PhP4,500.00 per month x 60%
= 31 months, or
= 2 years & 7 months
ON GRID
& OFF GRID
SOLAR SYSTEMS
Note: Drawings by FEMP Safety Engg

WHAT ARE THE OPTIONS?
ON-GRID/ NET METERING or
OFF-GRID or HYBRID?
NET METERING
Present Meralco Buying Rate
@Php 4.80/ KWHR
versus
Meralco Selling Rate
@Php 11+ / KWHR (Ave.)
Residential Rate
FREE ENERGY TO THE GRID!
A company is now donating excess solar energy during work
breaks (10am, lunch break, 3pm, etc) and also during Sundays
and holidays from its own-use 120KW solar rooftop installed
in its factory in Mabalacat, Pampanga. PELCO II, the electric
cooperative in the area agreed to re-program their electric
meter from uni-directional to bi-directional, the exported
energy is just be measured for record purposes. During normal
operation of the factory, 194KW is the max.KW demand and
the 120KW solar rooftop produces an output of about 100KW,
the local electric coop would supply the 94KW demand
balance. The exported free energy benefits the DU and its
customers, this reduces the energy that they pay to their
contracted power producers (IPPs).
FREE ENERGY TO THE GRID!
IPPs NGCP
120KW PV
DONATE DONATE
SCPA FACTORY KWHM

PELCO II
BI-DIRECTIONAL
METER
PLANT LOAD
194KW DEMAND CUSTOMERS
Paralleling of Power Systems
The requirements of paralleling or synchronizing power supply sources are:
1. The incoming line must have SIMILAR VOLTAGE, i.e. 220 volts, as the
normal power supply.
2. The incoming line must have SIMILAR FREQUENCY, i.e. 60 Hertz, as the
3. The incoming line must have the SIMILAR PHASE SEQUENCE (or rotation)
i.e, (Phase A-B-C or C-B-A), as the normal power supply.
4. The incoming line must have SIMILAR PHASE ANGLE, i.e. zero phase, as the
Note that requirement No.3 is only required for 3 phase power systems and not
applicable to single phase systems. For single phase Grid-Tie inverters, they have a
built in intelligence to parallel itself to the grid. Off Grid inverters have no capability
of automatic paralleling.
When 2 sources are in parallel, the source that has a slightly higher frequency
setting will deliver its power to the grid. Therefore, Grid Tie inverters are designed
as priority power sources. They have slightly higher frequency settings, i.e. 60.05 to
60.1Hertz or slightly higher.
Paralleling of Off Grid Solar
Inverters -2
This sketch shows
a full line diagram
of a possible way
to parallel two
single phase pure
sine wave off-grid
micro inverters of
the same ratings:
same voltage,
same frequency,
same KW, same
brand or make.
On Grid or
Grid Tied
Solar System
Any extra energy
produced by this
solar system may
be exported to the
grid or to the
distribution
utility (DU).
www.cabrelli-electrical.co.uk
Grid Tied Solar System
w/ Back-up,
With Net Metering.
The system has 2 inverters, one
is Grid Inverter (2) which can
export to the grid. The 2nd
Inverter (6) regularly supplies
the Secured or Essential Loads
(4) from the Batteries (5). The
Transfer Switch (3)
automatically feeds the
Essential Loads to complement
the power from the battery in
case of a brown-out during
sunny days.
www.mysolarshop.co.uk
OFF GRID SOLAR SYSTEMS

HYBRID SYSTEM W/ GENERATOR SET
UTILITY
From www.peakprosperity.com
EXPANDED COMPONENTS OF
THE SOLAR POWER SYSTEM:
1. SOLAR PV PANELS
2. SOLAR CHARGE CONTROLLER (90VR)
3. INVERTER
4. BATTERIES
5. BATTERY CHARGER
6. GENERATOR SET (OPTIONAL)
7. WIRINGS & CIRCUIT PROTECTIONS
8. TRANSFER SWITCH FOR OFF GRID TYPE/
9. TIE-IN BREAKER FOR ON GRID TYPE
SOLAR POWER
MEASUREMENTS
SOLAR POWER MEASUREMENTS

Ampere is a measure of current flow
Volt is a measure of the potential difference between 2 lines or
points
Watt (W) is a measure of Power
Unit rate of electrical energy
Ampere x Volt = Watt
1 Kilowatt (kW) = 1000 watts
Watt-hour (Wh) is a measure of electric energy or consumption
and production
Watts x hours = Watt-hours
1 Kilowatt-hour (kWh) = 1000 Wh
DC = Direct Current
PV panels produce
DC voltage,
Batteries store DC
power
AC = Alternating
Current
Utility power,
Most consumer
appliances use AC
MEASURING
INSTRUMENTS..
Clamp-on meter Digital multi-meter
Never test battery current using a multi-meter!

SOLAR ENERGY
CALCULATIONS
& DESIGN
BASIC FORMULAS/ DESIGN GUIDE

I = V / R or Amperes = Volts / Ohms
I=P/V or Amperes = Watts / Volts
I = KVA * 1000 / V
I = KW * 1000 / V / PF
I = HP * 746 / V / PF / Effy
Where:
PF, power factor = 0.80 for motors;
= 1.0 for heater and resistive loads
Effy, efficiency of motors = 0.90
Max.Loading per Circuit Wire: 80% of Ampacity
PEC-1
ALLOWABLE
AMPACITIES
OF 600 VOLTS
INSULATED
WIRES,
60 C TO 90C,
NOT MORE
THAN 3
WIRES IN
CONDUIT,
AMBIENT
TEMP. OF 30C
VOLTAGE DROP CALCS
SHORT CUT FORMULA:
VD = 2 * K * L * I / Sq.Circular Mils
Note: This is only for a 2 wire circuit. If system is a 3-
phase circuit, change 2 to 1.732.
K = a constant, 12 for copper wire, 18 for Aluminum
L = Length of circuit in feet
I = Load in amperes
Cir.Mils = square of the dia. of wire in mils (1000mils
per inch or 40mils per mm.)
Sample Voltage Drop Calcs..
Example: The distance of a 300 watts 24 volts PV panel to the
SCC/ Battery/ Inverter is 8 meters. Using 5.5mm2 wires
(Ampacity = 40 amperes), what is the voltage drop?
I = 300 watts/ 24 volts = 12.5 amps
Cross-sectional area of wire: 3.5sq.mm
D * D = 5.5 * 4 / 3.1416 = 7.0mm
D = 2.6mm = 2.6 * 40mils / mm = 104mils
CM = 104 * 104 = 10,854 circular mils
VD = 2K*L*I / CM
VD = 2 * 12 * 8 * 3.28 * 12.5 / 10,854 = 0.725 volts
% VD = 1.81 * 100 / 24 = 3.02
It barely exceeds the allowable which is 3 percent!
SOLAR PANEL SPECIFICATIONS
Module Type: BP 275 UL GY 250 M-60 300-180-M

Made: BP SOLAR JIANGYIN GUANGYE SKP GERMANY
Made: PV-Tech Co.,Ltd.
Specifications: Rating: Rating: Rating:
Maximum Power: 75W 250W 300W

Tolerance: 17.0V 3%
Open Circuit Voltage: 21.4V 37.4V 21.8V
Short Circuit Current: 4.75A 8.76A 18.33A
Maximum Power Voltage: 30.7V 18.0V
Maximum Power Current: 8.15A 16.6A
Maximum System Voltage: 600V 1,000VDC 1,000V

Nominal Operating Cell Temperature: -47 2C 45 3C
Temperature Cycling Range: -40C to 85C
Dimensions: 1,950 X 990 X 45mm
Application Class: CLASS A CLASS A - MONO- SI
Fire Rating: CLASS C CLASS C
Total Dimensions:
a.Lenght: 1,190mm 1,640mm 1,960mm
b.Width: 530mm 1,000mm 1,000mm
c.Thick: 43mm 35mm 45mm
Calculating the Max.Capacity That

Can Be Installed in a Given Roof
using 250watts PV panels & providing for enough space for
maintenance access (Size: 1640mm long x 1000mm wide):
Given: 8 meters wide x 15 meters long roofing
2 slopes, ridge along length
Maximum solar capacity:
Width: 8 (2 x .9) / 1M = 6.2, say 6 panels
Length: 15 - (2 x .9) (5 x .6) / 1.640 = 6.2, say 6 panels
Total no. of panels = 6 x 6 = 36
Capacity : 36 x 250w = 9,000watts or 9KW
Layout
of a 36-
unit
250
Watts
Panel
9KW
Solar
Rooftop
Layout Plan of a 99 - 250 Watts
Panel 24.75KW Solar Rooftop
NORTH

Elevation Plan of a 99 - 250 Watts
Panel 24.75KW Solar Rooftop
NORTH

SOLAR PV PANEL
CONNECTIONS

DIRECT CURRENT SIDE
The PEC Allows Up to 50 Volts
Only on Roof Tops!
PV Panel Series Connections
PV panel sources wired in
series
VOLTAGES ARE ADDITIVE
CURRENT IS EQUAL
One interconnection wire is used
between two components
(negative connects with positive)
Combined modules make series
string
Leave the series string from a
terminal not used in the series
connection
Three 200Watt 32-Volt PV
Panels in Series
Three Panels in Series, Different
Voltage Ratings
PV Panel Parallel Connection
PV panel sources wired in parallel:
VOLTAGE REMAINS CONSTANT
CURRENTS ARE ADDITIVE
Two interconnection wires are used between two
components (positive to positive and negative to negative)
Leave off of either terminal
Modules exiting to next
component can happen
at any parallel terminal
Two Panels in Parallelactual
connection
Three Panels in Parallel
4 Panels, in Parallel Connection
Four Panels, Series-Parallel
Connection
12Volts DC Panel Connection
Supply 220V AC Lighting, etc.
24Volts DC Panel Connection
Big Advantage of Series Over
Parallel Connection of Panels..
Use: 5.5mm2
Use: 3.5mm2
Use: 2.0mm2
Note: Graphics by Windy Nation
SOLAR CHARGE
CONTROLLERS
12/24 VOLTS DC
CONTROLLER
48 VOLTS DC
CONTROLLER
INVERTERS &
CONNECTIONS

ALTERNATING CURRENT
SIDE
On-Grid or Grid Tie Inverters
A 500-Watt 220V 60Hz
Grid Tie Inverter
LARGE GRID TIE INVERTERS
MICRO GRID TIE INVERTERS
Connecting an On-Grid or
Grid Tie Inverter
A Grid Tie Inverter Automatically
Synchronizes Itself to the Utility
Power & Automatically Shutdowns
When There is a Power Failure.
TIE IN POINT
Note: Graphics by ELECTRONICS HUB

Connecting a 2KW Multi PV
Panel Grid Tie System
Note: Graphics by SENIORLED

Connecting a 4KW Multi PV

Connecting an 8KW Multi PV

Use of Combiner Box
Note: Graphics by homepower

Use of Multiple Micro GTIs
Note: Graphics by homepower

A 4KW 12VDC - 220V 1-Phase 60Hz
Pure Sine Wave Off-Grid Inverter
Two x 4KW 24VDC - 220V 1-Ph 60Hz
Pure Sine Wave Off-Grid Inverters
A 3KW 220V 1-Ph 60Hz Pure Sine Wave
Transformer Type Off-Grid Inverter
OFF GRID SYSTEM
Community Solar Sharing
220V 220V 220V
SCC SCC Solar Charge SCC

Controllers
Inverter 1 Inverter 2 Inverter 3
DC BUS, 24V (or 48V)

BATTERY
CHARGER &
CONNECTION
Connecting an AC Battery
Charger to an Off-Grid System
Off Grid
Inverter 220V
220V AC
Loads
Small DC AC
Loads
60Hz
Power From Utility

POWER &
ENERGY
CALCULATIONS
POWER & ENERGY CALCULATIONS-1

Ex.1. Provide small ON GRID solar capacity for a home with the following
loads: One (1) 0.6HP Aircon; One (1) Small Ref, 226 watts; Two (2) Elec.
Fans, 50watts each; One (1) LED TV, 36watts; One (1) celfone charging
outlet, 2 x 10 watts, Six (6) LED lamps, 5watts each. What minimum size of
ON GRID solar system in watts is needed?
2.1 Pacu = 0.6HP x 746w / 0.8pf / 0.9effy = 621.7 watts
2.2 Pref = 226/ 0.80pf = 282.5 watts
2.3 Pfan = 2 x 50 / 0.80pf = 125.0 watts
2.4 PTV = 36.0 watts
2.5 Pcc = 2 x 10 = 20.0 watts
2.6 PLED = 6 x 5 = 30.0 watts
2.7 Ptotal=621.7(1.25)+282.5+125+36+20+30=1270.62watts
2.8 Pdemand = 1270.62 x 80% demand factor = 1016.5 watts
2.9 Use: 6 x 250watts panels in series connection, for a total of 1500 watts
2.10 Use: 1500watts GridTie Inverter, 220volts,1ph,60Hz output,12-500vDC input
Ex.2. Provide small OFF GRID solar capacity for a home with the following
loads: One (1) Small Ref, 226 watts; One (1) Elec. Fan, 50watts; One (1)
LED TV, 36watts; One (1) celfone charging outlet, 2 x 10 watts, Six (6) LED
lamps, 5watts each. What minimum size of OFF GRID solar system in watts
is needed?
1.1 Pref = 226/ 0.80pf = 282.5 watts
1.2 Pfan = 50 / 0.80pf = 62.5 watts
1.3 PTV = 36 watts
1.4 Pcc = 2 x 10 = 20 watts
1.5 PLED = 6 x 5 = 30 watts
1.6 Ptotal=282.5(1.25)+62.5+36+20+30= 501.625watts
1.7 Pdemand = 501.625 x 80% demand factor = 401.3watts
1.8 Use: 2 x 250watts panels, or a total of 500 watts
1.9 Use: 1000watts inverter with 220volts, 1-ph, 60 Hz
output, 12vDC input

Ex.3. A home has the following loads:
One (1) Ref, 1/2HP; Two (2) Elec. Fan, 50watts each; One (1) TV, 80watts;
Ten (10) LED lamps, 5watts each
What min.size of OFF GRID solar system in watts is needed? Design the
wiring system.
3.1 Pref = 746 (0.5) / 0.80pf / 0.9 effy = 518 watts
3.2 Pfan = 2 x 50 / 0.80pf = 125 watts
3.3 PTV = 80 watts
3.4 PLED = 10 x 5 = 50 watts
3.5 Ptotal = 518(1.25) +125 + 80 + 50 = 902.5 watts
3.6 Pdemand = 902.5 x 80% = 722 watts
3.7 Use: 3 x 250watts panels, or a total of 750 watts
3.8 Use: 1000watts inverter with 220volts, 1-ph, 60
Hz output, 12vDC input
POWER & ENERGY CALCULATIONS-3a

Contn..
3.9 For the Solar Controller:
I = 250watts /12voltsDC = 20.83 amps
Use: One 60Amps Controller for the 2 panels & One 40Amps Controller
for the 3rd panel
3.10 Wiring Connections:
From PV panels to Solar Controllers, I = 20.83Amps
Use: Two 3.5sq.mm THWN (30A) Red-Black, each PV panel
From Solar Controllers to Inverter, Use: 3 sets of 2-3.5sq.mm THWN (90A)
From Inverter to Tie-breaker: I = 1000watts / 220 volts = 4.54 amps
Use: 2-2.0sq.mm THWN + 2.0 Ground Wire; Ckt. Protn: 15AT/2P CB

Ex.4. A PV array is composed of
eight 250-watt 31.6VDC solar
modules with a 3KW inverter with
220volts, 1-phase, 60Hz output and
48VDC input.
What size is the solar system in
watts? Capacity in Amps? Design
the wiring system.
4.1 P = 8 x 250 = 2000watts

4.2 I = 2000watts /220volts =
= 9.09 amps capacity

4.3 Size of wires from the PV panels to the Solar Controllers:
Since the input voltage of the inverter is 48VDC, then the number of
panels in group is: 2 x 31.6V per panel = 63.2VDC
Ic = 2 x 250W / 48V = 10.41amps
Use: Two 3.5sq.mm THWN (30A) Red-Black, for every 2 PV panels
4.4 Size of wires from the Solar Controllers to Inverter:
The total charging current is = 4 x 10.41 = 41.67amps
Ic = 41.67 x 125% = 52.08 amps; Use: 60amps Solar Controller
Use: Two sets of 2 3.5sq.mm THWN (2 x 30A = 60A)
4.5 Size of wires from Inverter to Tie-breaker; Ic = 9.09 amps;
Use: 2 2.0sq.mm THWN + 2.0 Ground Wire
Ckt. Protn: 15AT/ 2P CB

Ex.5. Install a PV array for a 4000-watt inverter with 220-volt 1-ph
60Hz output. Input rating is 48 volts DC.
5.1 Calculate the number of panels, say assuming 300w SKF panels w/
20.8VDC voltage rating,
# of panels = 4000w / 300w per panel = 13.33
say use 15panels (divisible by 3s)
5.2 Since the rating of the inverter is 48VDC, we need at least 3 panels
in series to produce over 48VDC.
Max.voltage of 3 panels in series is = 2 x 20.8 = 62.4VDC
Charge controller: to be set at 55.2VDC floating

5.3 For the size of wires from 3 panels in series to charge controller =
= 3 x 300W /48VDC = 18.75amps
Iw = 18.75 x 1.25 = 23.43amps
Use : 2 3.5 sq.mm THHN (Red Black); Circuit Protection:
30AT/2P CB
5.4 Number and Capacity of Charge Controller: 3 x 18.75amps =
56.25amps
Icc = 56.25 x 1.25 = 70.31amps
Use: 2 each 40amps controllers each for 3panels, for a total of 10
40amps controllers
POWER & ENERGY CALCULATIONS-5b

5.5 For the size of wires from controllers to batteries, and from
batteries to inverter:
Use: 5 sets 2 3.5 sq.mm THHN; Over-all protection: 100AT/2P CB
5.6 For the size of wires to tie inverter to house main panel:
Iinv = 4000w / 220v = 18.18amps;
Iw = 18.18 x 1.25 = 22.72amps
Use: 2 3.5sq.mm THHN
Protection: 30AT/2P CB
TYP.RISER DIAGRAM-OFF GRID

STORAGE BATTERIES
STORAGE BATTERY CAPACITY
Ampere-hour (Ah) the stored energy capacity of a battery
indicated by the amount of combined load in amperes and the
length of time until it is fully discharged.
Quantity of electron flow
Used for battery sizing
Amps x hours = Amp-hours (Ah)
Amp-hours x Volts = Watt-hours (Wh)
A 200 Ah Battery delivering 1A will last 200 hours
200 Ah Battery delivering 10A will last 20 hours
200 Ah Battery delivering 100A will last 2 hours
100 Ah Battery x 12 V = 1200 Wh
USE OF BATTERIES
BATTERY BASICS Storage for the
State of Charge (SOC) night
Available battery Storage during
capacity cloudy weather
Depth of Discharge Portable power
(DOD)
supply
Energy taken out of
the battery Surge Power for
Efficiency
starting motors
Energy out/ Energy in
(typically 80-85%)
Calculating the Ave. Hourly Load
From the cost matrix table,

Using the PhP4,500 per month power bill,
The estimated average load in watts is,
PhP 4,500.00 per month
PhP10/Kw-hr x 30 days/mo. x 24 hrs/day
= 0.625 Kw
Calculating the Required Battery AH..
1. Solar operation: 8AM to 5PM for 9 hours

2. Battery operation: 5PM to 8AM for 15 hours
3. For a 0.625 Kw average load, the load in amperes is
I = 0.625Kw x 1000 / 12volts = 52 amps
4. AH = 52amps x 15hours = 780 AH
5. No. of 200AH batteries = 780 AH / 200AH = 3.9 units
Provide allowance for cloudy/rainy periods, add 50%
capacity
= 3.9 x 150% = 5.85 units
Use: Six (6) units of 200AH batteries
Calculating the Required No. of PV Panels..
1. Charging amps = 780 AH/ 9hours charging = 86.7amps
2. Total watts, 9-hr.charging= 86.7amps x12volts=1040watts
3. No. of 300watts solar panels for day charging =
1040 / 300watts = 3.47 panels, say use 4 - 300 watts panels
4. No. of 300watts panel for 9-hour day operation =
625 watts / 300watts = 2.08, say use 3 x 300 watts panels
5. Overall total number of 250watts panels required =
4 + 3 = 7 panels minimum
Use: a total of 8 - 300watts panels
plus 6 units of 200AH deep cycle batteries
WHAT TYPE OF BATTERIES IS THE

BEST?
At present, the deep-cycle type, lead-acid batteries are the
most widely used as storage in solar or renewable energy
systems. They are ideally suited for the applications due to
their long, reliable life and low cost. There are many
suppliers/ manufacturers of deep-cycle lead-acid batteries,
it is therefore important to know the technologies, the
performance factors that affect its operation and the life of
the battery.
Types of Deep-Cycle Batteries:

Deep-Cycle Valve-Regulated Lead Acid (VRLA) Batteries
(Maintenance-Free)
Deep-cycle VRLA batteries, which include AGM and gel
technologies, are designed to eliminate the need for water
addition and can be used and installed in any position.
They are engineered so that oxygen created by the positive
plates during charging can migrate to the negatives plate
where it is reduced to water, significantly reducing water
loss.
Factors Affecting Cost of Batteries:

Price: A cheap battery is always attractive, but if this is
obtained at the expense of quality and battery life, the cost
over time will be high
Capacity: This is important since its AH is the amount of
energy that can be stored.
Voltage: The voltage rating should match the input rating
of the inverter to be used in an AC system or the voltage of
the loads in a DC system.
Brand: Choosing a company that focuses on deep-cycle
technology with a proven track record of manufacturing
deep-cycle batteries is always a good option.
Cycle Life - The Most Important

Consideration
The earlier factors are important but the most important
consideration is the cycle life of the battery. It is the
number of times of discharge/charge cycles the battery can
provide before its capacity drops to a specified percentage
of its rated capacity. Various makers may make batteries
with the same capacity, energy content and maybe similar
in weight, but the design, the materials, the process, and
quality influence how long the battery will cycle.
Battery Ratings Longer Warm Ups

The battery nameplate rating in AMPERE-HOURS is the
fully developed battery capacity. It may take up to 100+
cycles of charging-supplying-charging for a battery to
reach its full capacity. Measuring or testing the battery
capacity at the start after purchase could be misleading. A
battery that is touted to have full capacity at the time of
purchase or one that has reached full capacity after only a
few cycles should not be believed. Batteries with a 100+
cycle or longer warm-up would last longer.
Expected Life of Batteries
Starting: 3-12 months
Marine: 1-6 years
Golf cart: 2-7 years
AGM (absorbent glass mat) deep cycle: 4-8 years
Gelled deep cycle: 2-5 years
Deep cycle (L-16 type): 4-8 years
Rolls-Surrette premium deep cycle: 7-15 years
Industrial deep cycle (Crown & Rolls 4KS): 10-20+ years
Telephone (float): 2-20 years
NiFe (alkaline): 5-35 years
NiCad: 1-20 years
Lithium-Ion: 3-27 years* (* my own estimate-WJJ)
http://www.solar-electric.com/deep-cycle-battery-faq.html
SOLAR BATTERY BANKS

SOLAR
INSTALLATIONS
INSTALLING THE SOLAR POWER SYSTEM

It's best to have a solar contractor which employs a licensed electrical
engineer or a licensed master electrician to install the solar system. When
choosing a contractor, ask yourself the following questions:
Has the company installed grid-connected PV systems? If not, has it

installed off-grid (or stand-alone) PV systems?
Experience in installing grid-connected systems is valuable because some
elements of the installation -- particularly interconnection with the local
utilityare unique to these systems. However, a competent company with off-
grid PV experience should not be eliminated just because it has not yet
installed grid-connected PV systems. Experience with off-grid systems is
valuable too, because grid-independent systems are more technically complex
than grid-tied systems. (http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/)
INSTALLING THE SOLAR

How many years of experience does the company have
installing PV systems?
A contractor who has been in business a long time probably
understands how to work with customers and to compete effectively
with other firms. Additionally, this contractor/ installer will probably
be aware of the latest provision of the Philippine Electrical Code
(PEC) and the permitting requirements of the National Building Code
(NBC) regarding the installation of electrical systems including that for
a solar or other renewable energy supply system. All electrical works
including electrical additions, modifications or renovations require the
filing of Electrical Permit with the Office of the Building Official.
(http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/)

Is the company properly licensed or certified?
PV systems should be installed by an appropriately licensed
contractor. This usually means that either the installer or a
subcontractor has a PRC electrical professional license or a PCAB
license. You can check with the website of the PRC if whether a
person has a valid electrical engineers or master electrician's
license, or check with PCAB if a contractor is licensed or not.
In addition to being properly licensed, installers must
demonstrate that they have special knowledge about installing PV
systems. (http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/)
Special knowledge can be demonstrated through certification by the
solar industry and/or trade associations, eg. SOLARSAFEWIND
PHILIPPINES, MEPF ENGINEERS, etc.

It is always a good idea to get more than one bid for the
installation of your PV system. Make sure that all bids are made on the
same basis. For example, a bid for a system mounted on the ground is
usually very different from another bid for a rooftop system.
Similarly, some PV modules generate more electricity per square
meter than others. Bids should clearly state the maximum generating
capacity of the system -- measured in Watts (W) or kilowatts (kW). If
possible, have the bids specify the system capacity in "AC Watts"
(alternating current) under a standard set of test conditions, or specify
the output of the system at the inverter. Also request an estimate of the
amount of energy that the system will produce on an annual basis
(measured in kilowatt-hours).

Because the amount of energy depends on the
amount of sunlight -- which varies by location,
season, and year to year it is unlikely that the
contractor will quote a specific figure, but a range of
within plus or minus 20% is realistic. Bids also
should include the total cost of getting the PV system
up and running, including hardware, installation,
connection to the grid, permitting, taxes, and
warranty.
(http://energy.gov/energysaver/articles/)

The warranty is also a very important factor for
evaluating bids. You may require that system be covered
by a one-year or two-year or three-year parts-and-labor
written installation warranty, for example, in addition to
any manufacturers' warranties on specific components
(including inverter and module warranties). The installer
may offer longer warranties. Also ask yourself, "Will this
company stand behind the full-system warranty for the
next two or three years?"
TYPICAL MOUNTING
ADEQUATELY SECURE MOUNTING

It should be emphasized here that when solar systems are to be
installed in areas where the typhoon is usually within the initial path of
super typhoons, eg. along the eastern seaboard of the country,
including the provinces of Samar, Leyte, Biliran, Batanes, Cagayan,
Isabela, Quirino, Aurora, Quezon, Catanduanes, Camarines Norte,
Camarines Sur, Albay, Sorsogon, Surigao Del Sur, Surigao Del Norte,
Davao Oriental, among others, structural support and mountings must
be certified to be adequate for 350 KPH winds (as in Super Typhoon
Yolanda in November 2013).
Wind load calculations must be made to determine the size of
concrete foundations for PV arrays, as well as the minimum size of
mounting bolts/nuts. A certification of civil/structural engineer maybe
required here.
Optimum
Orientation of PV
Panels
In the Philippines, the optimum
tilt of the panels should be
approximately equal to the
latitude x 0.87.
The Philippines is located
between the latitude 4deg.N
(Tawi-tawi) to 21deg.N
(Batanes) North of the Equator.
The NCR is approximately at
14 deg.N, so for Metro Manila,
the optimum tilt of panels is 12
deg., facing South.
TYPICAL
MOUNTING
HARDWARES
TYPICAL MOUNTING
TYPICAL
MOUNTING
HARDWARES
- Using EMT Pipes
As Much As POSSIBLE, SHADOWS on the PANELS
SHOULD Be AVOIDED from A.M. to P.M.
WIRINGS FROM PV PANELS TO CHARGE

CONTROLLER TO BATTERIES/ INVERTER
CIRCUIT
BREAKERS
MUST
BE
PROVIDED
IN
BETWEEN
DEVICES!
BATTERIES, INVERTER & CHARGER

BATTERY BANKS
ALONG WALL, SPACE
SAVER
MANUAL TRANSFER SWITCHES,

FOR THE OFF GRID, TO SELECT CONNECTION
FROM SOLAR OR FROM UTILITY SUPPLY
Automatic Transfer Switches (ATS)
SOCOMEC
ADDL SAFETY REMINDERS ON ROOFTOP
SOLAR ENERGY SYSTEM
1. MAX. DC VOLTAGE FOR 4. A SIMILAR PLAQUE OR

DWELLINGS SHOULD NOT DIRECTORY BELOW MUST BE
EXCEED 50 VOLTS! PROVIDED!
2. ALL DC WIRINGS
BETWEEN SOLAR PANELS
AND CHARGE CONTROLLERS THIS HOUSE IS
OR BATTERIES OR ALTERNATIVELY
INVERTERS SHOULD BE
PROVIDED WITH CIRCUIT SUPPLIED WITH
BREAKERS OR FUSES. RENEWABLE/SOLAR
3. COPPER-ALUMINUM ALLOY POWER. THE MAIN
CONNECTORS SHOULD BE DISCONNECT IS
USED TO AVOID GALVANIC
CORROSION ON LOCATED AT THE
CONDUCTORS. ROOFDECK.
LIGHTNING
ARRESTERS
SHOULD BE
INSTALLED TO
PROTECT SOLAR
PANELS,
INVERTERS, OTHER
ELECTRICAL
APPARATUS
AGAINST THE
HARMFUL EFFECTS
OF LIGHTNING
DISCHARGE.
MAINTENANCE
MAINTAINING THE SOLAR SYSTEM

As with any mechanical or electrical appliance, PV systems require
routine, periodic maintenance. System components may also need
repair or replacement from time to time.
An efficient and long-lasting system will depend on a periodic
check of system components and completion of any preventive
maintenance as necessary. Talk with your system installer about
routine and periodic maintenance. In the event of a system
malfunction, effective troubleshooting and repair is necessary.
Maintenance of Solar Panels

1. Thoroughly clean the top surfaces of solar PV panels of
dust and/or dirt accumulations. This should be done
weekly in a dusty environment especially during the
summer months, and maybe done monthly or as
necessary during the rainy season. A soft cotton cloth
should be used to do this.
2. Regularly check/ monitor the output voltage of the
solar panels.
3. Check all DC wirings from the panels to the solar
controllers and the respective circuit breakers.
Maintenance of Solar Controllers/Chargers

1. Clean all dust and/or dirt accumulations from controller.
2. Clean all vent openings and ensure that they are free from
obstructions.
3. Check terminals and connections for tightness. Check all
relays, lights, and other indicating devices for proper
operation.
4. If all battery cells consistently read low, check
controller/charger for proper operation. If electrolyte levels
are low, check charger rate settings against the
manufacturers specifications. Consistently low levels may
indicate the charge rate is too fast.
Maintenance of Batteries
1. Thoroughly clean all battery surfaces of dust and/or dirt
accumulations.
2. Clean and tighten all terminal connections. Remove any
corrosion on battery terminals with bicarbonate of soda.
3. Clean battery studs and cable ends.
4. On stranded cable, if ends are corroded, cut off ends or
separate strands and clean internally.
5. Check electrolyte levels and specific gravity. Variations
of more than fifty (50) points between cells may indicate a
bad cell.
Maintenance of Inverters
1. Thoroughly clean the top and side surfaces of solar
controllers and inverters of dust and/or dirt
accumulations, using vacuum cleaners.
2. Regularly check/monitor the DC input voltage reading
and the AC voltage output of the inverters.
3. Regularly check/ monitor the temperature of the inverters
by touching their heat sink and/or enclosure.
4. Check all DC and AC wirings and all circuit breaker
protections.
Outsource Maintenance Service

You may be able to carry out many routine inspections
and maintenance tasks yourself. If, however, you are not
the do-it-yourself type, or if there is a major problem
with your system, you will need to locate a professional
to do the work.
The following pages is a partial list of

SOLARSAFEWIND group installers/ maintainers of
home solar systems. You may contact the one near your
locality.
How To Become a Certified
SolarSafeWind Phils Installer
You must attend the following technical
lectures/ seminars/ workshops:
1. Solar for the Home-Design & Installation
2. Electrical Inspections, Audit & Safety
3. Making Electrical Design Calculations
4. Electrical Design Analysis, Voltage Drop
& Short Circuit Calculations
Plus Undergo an Actual Solar Power
System Installation.
PARTIAL LIST OF SOLARSAFEWIND
INSTALLERS/ MAINTAINERS-1
SOLARSAFEWIND DIRECTORY, as of January 2017
NCR & Rizal
Aquino, Jhon Kevin A 57752, 755 Sucat, Muntinlupa City, 09053354149, aquino_kevin09@yahoo.com
Asuncion, Victor, 09175003576, Antipolo, hunterasuncion@gmail.com
Banayad, Chito chilab2005@yahoo.com
Barrameda, Joel RME/REE; jbbarrameda@yahoo.com, Land Bank of the Phils.
Bonifacio, Allan REE, allanjrbonifacio@gmail.com, Taguig City, 09185434445, PRC #0052414
Cabreza, Lito tolitscc@yahoo.com
Calpotura, Karlo REE 0023452/ RME 0019171, karlocalpotura@yahoo.com
Carias, Leo S., 09178691126, Anonas St., Sta. Mesa, Manila, leoscarias@gmail.com
Cericos, Reydemto P RPCericos Inc., REE 12893, 09989988195, rpce_electrik@yahoo.com, GVR Imelda ave cor Vista
Verde Cainta Rizal
Chua, Gerry Solar Pinoy, Boni Serrano Ave, Crame, QC, 09228943779
Cruz, Ricardo REE; 09284355594; ricardocruz2006@yahoo.com

SOLARSAFEWIND DIRECTORY, as of January 2017, continuation..
NCR & Rizal
Cruz,Timothy Joseph C. REE 49450, Sangandaan,Caloocan, 09214738428, imothyjoseph.cruz@yahoo.com.ph
Cuasay, Elmer C. RME 12320, elmerccuasay2gmail.com. +16919205459
De Guzman, Mike Solaric Phils, 09178613173
De Manuel, Leoncio,Jr; REE-43285, 2198 Fidel Reyes St, Malate,Manila,09232850290/jr_hlander@yahoo.com
Dulay, Fabian B REE#20186/ RME#15480, 148 Francisco St., Caloocan City, Tel. no. 281-4020/ 0919-272-4998
Elecol Engineering Marikina City, 09175803348; 09255111144; 09088200582
Equila, Bill REE, 09174971343, base7288@yahoo.com
Estardo, Leonel Calinawan Antipolo city, 09055962592, estardo_leonel11@yahoo.com
Evangelista, Jun M ame_architects27@yahoo.com
Fajardo, Leo REE, Elecol Engineering, Marikina City, 09175803348; 09255111144; 09088200582
Factor, Roselyn S. 46703 unit 5c lot 6 Teodora Cmpd Bambang Pasig 09182028827 rfactor@rocketmail.com
Feliciano, Mick, kuyogbubuyog@ymail.com solar enthusiast
Ferrer, Jun REE, dzune_1129@yahoo.com

NCR & Rizal
FEMP Safety Engineering 0943 0616 215/ 0929 555 2508, Tel (02) 646 95 16, pldt mobile (02) 73 69 159
Guevarra, Elmer ECE 019003, 470 Talipapa St. Caybiga Cal, 09499368567; (02) 7347345, guevarra.electronics@gmail.com
Ilustre, Wilchor, RME, Novaliches QC / whil_006@ymail.com, whil_006@ymail.com
Javier, Rollie RME, 09257111691; j.rollie@yahoo.com
Lopez, Rick Jorge rjorgelopez43295@gmail.com
Malpaya, Junji, Quezon City, 09174493175, jiemalpaya@gmail.com
Mirando, Efren, caser, 09179783455, efrenmcaser@yahoo.com
Moctar, Cosarie M. REE49060/ RME39369, Pasig City, cosariem@yahoo.com, 09265644479
Nimis, Nestor, nestor@presguam.com
Ole, Frederick REE; 09213701962; frederick_ole@yahoo.com
Ortega, Cromwell Taladua REE #3843, 09471328497, cromwell.ortega@yahoo.com, Pasay city

NCR & Rizal
Pangilinan, Jerry 09177975357, jrpangilinan@globe.com.ph
Pangilinan, Phil REE, 09327188778
Peralta, Cornelio peralta_cornelio@yahoo.com
Peralta, ruel, Calbayog st. Mandaluyong city, 09223925775, ruelperalta_80@yahoo.com
Prilles, Nelson nbprilles@yahoo.com
Roldan, Neil supplier of deep-cycle batteries, 09174475988
Romano, Melvin REE, 09157938239, Marikina City SOLARSHARING
Rosal, Pepito Jr. REE, pepitorosaljr@gmail.com, Caloocan City
Salacup, Julius REE 47599, julius_salacup@yahoo.com, Talon 3, Las Pinas City, 09271508577
NCR & Rizal
Sanchez, Claro PEE003325, claroboys@gmail.com 626-A Sancho Panza St. Sampaloc Manila
San Jose, Jerry, Solar Risk Management & Insurance, gerry_sanjose2000@yahoo.com
Santiago, Laila 09473141403, Eastwood Greenview, Montalban,,gilbertlailasantiago.commercial@gmail.com
Sayson, Elmer Architect 23504, sayson.architects@gmail.com
Sorita, Manuel Jr. Sta Barbara Villas1 Silangan San Mateo Riz 09223400679/09206787869, mdsoritajr2000@yahoo.com
Sumayang, Joel M joelsumayang@yahoo.com.ph QC
Vargas, Ariel M arielmvargas@gmail.com
Villacorta, Benjie N REE 794/ benjienv@yahoo.com, Malabon City

Northern Luzon
Abad, Jaime R REE; 09062512573, Baguio City, j_r_abad@yahoo.com
Binay-an, Julius REE/RME, 36738 / 30935; Loakan, Baguio City; 09485377879; jholz1248@outlook.com
Dulay, Fabian B REE#20186/ RME#15480, Brgy.Inoman, Pozorrubio, Pangasinan, 0921-308-9360
Manipon, Melanie, Santa Fe, Nueva Vizcaya; REE-42610, mhelmanipon@yahoo.com
Palmares, Jose, Jr, 09177338282, 25 pine st. Rosales Pang., Josepalmaresjr@yahoo.com
Central Luzon
De Leon, Crisanto DA, 187 Brgy Dampol, Plaridel, Bulacan, 3004, email add: chris_ngcindustrial@yahoo.com
Elarde, Fernan Jr.D RME#42888, Address. 211 Camia St. Ligas, Malolos Bulacan. Contact no. 09068420622
Laquindanum, Arnel P PEE/ RMP, 09329850810 / arnhelle@yahoo.com.ph, Malolos, Bulacan
Remegio, Joel E RME, jremegio@yahoo.com Meycauayan, Bulacan; 0939 606 4467
Salamanca, Chrysler A, REE 0028520/ RME 0023955, Poblacion Sur, Mayantoc, Tarlac, +63 919 570 7425
Salazar, Marcelino C REE PRC# 28231, Bunsuran 3rd, Pandi, Bulacan, 09754184673, rcsalazar05@yahoo.com
Southern Luzon
Agellon, Irome Harize O. RME, iromeharize@gmail.com, 09464019548, Mabitac, Laguna
Ansay, Jaime U, B2 L12 ceris 3, canlubang, calamba, laguna, 09294344468, jaimeansay @ yahoo.com
Balatucan, Abner B. Jr. RME 0025898.Blk.26 lot 24 Amaia Scapes Laguna, Barandal Calamba, balatucanjr.abner@yahooo.com, 09296012402
Bandao, Mohamadzali G REE 0031558, Sta. Cruz, Laguna, 09062735256, janmczeal@yahoo.com.ph
Barlaan, Romeo D 110 dao st. 4c San Jose Village Binan, Laguna, romy_barlaan@yahoo.com, 09212412398
Corpuz, Arnel REE / RMP; 09175284635; Pacita Bian, Laguna; arnelcorpuz@gmail.com
Daraug, Jeffrey, Dasmarinas, Cavite, 09097010222, jpdsolarhertz@gmail.com
Daraug, Romulo M Sunnycrest Vill.Salitran-2 Dasmarinas,Cavite, RME 009256, daraugrmsolarhertz@gmail.com, LL : 046 4819 033
De Leon, Irwin Ponce, 470 rizal ave..puerto princesa city, Irwinponcedeleon@yahoo.com
Ducay, Mhon T RME/RGE, filomenoducay@gmail.com, +639753304504, Cavite
Opilla, Ernesto T REE 21616, CEL #09169757699, Cavite
Pulanco,Ramil Nicodemus RME 39243, rialmp2000@gmail.com, blk 61 lot 34 Palao Canlubang 4028 Calamba city, 09053384822
Recto, Precious RCE, pjbrecto@gmail.com, Lucban, Quezon
Safred, Donato, RME #018852/ RMP, Tayabas, Quezon

Bicol Region
Barrameda, Joel RME/REE, jbbarrameda@yahoo.com, Bacacay, Albay
Bugtong, Jigger F REE, Naga City, 09175802138/ 09228602716
Elecol Engineering Naga City, 09175803348; 09255111144; 09088200582
Fajardo, Leo REE, Naga City, 09175803348; ; 09255111144; 09088200582
Flores, Casimiro, Jr., RME; clfjr2005@yahoo.com, OSH Safety Practitioner/ Safety Officer/ Naga City
Lorenzana,Mary Marlyn B. CE/ Daet, Camarines Norte ; mmm_ebl@yahoo.com.ph
Pahugot, Clifford RME 0037348, Aroroy, Masbate, fordcliff4d@yahoo.com 09272340845
Romano, Melvin REE, 09157938239, Albay SOLARSHARING
San Andres, Balbino, Jr., Naga City, Camarines Sur, balbinoree@yahoo.com

Western Visayas/ Central Visayas/ Eastern Visayas
Canu-og, Niel B REE 13808, nielcanuog@yahoo.com; 0922-8475185; Cebu, City
Caragos, Melmar RME, MDC Electrical Supplies & Services, Roxas City, Capiz...mdc_1023@yahoo.com
Cobrado, Levy REE,RMP,PPLE,MEPF, Iloilo City, levy_cobrado@yahoo.com
Escabarte, William Electrical Leadman, 0921 4933 962, Eastern Samar
Gambuta, Martin C RME-37865, CPG East Ave. Tagbilaran City, arch.martin_gambuta@yahoo.com, 09468753551
Matan, Carlito REE, 0927 544 0177, Eastern Samar
Osano, Chris 12 V. Aldecoa Road, Dumaguete City, 09287589020, osano_888@yahoo.com
Olavario, Blandino, Jr, 09061679107, Calbyog City, Samar
Vias, Darwin CE/RMP; Oslob, Cebu; darwinvinas@ymail.com; 09436441617

Western/ Northern/ Southern Mindanao
Michael C. Aradanas 0915 546 6215, 0947 116 6656, Davao City, Electrical Journeyman/ Electronic Technician
Asa, Abdulnor A. REE/ RME; NPC Jolo DPP Jolo Sulu...aaa_nur_asa@yahoo.com
Bagamano, Ramil PEE, Bukidnon/ Davao; 0922 8700 698
Dalena, Neil S. Farmers Drive, Gov Ramos Ave. Brgy. Sta Maria, Zamboanga City +63 917 555 8984
Madahan, Bienvenido C Compostela Valley, Davao, 09489317399
Menguita, Adriano, Jr. REE, 0915-977-9854, 0949-589-1970, Davao City
Recto, Precious RCE, pjbrecto@gmail.com, Bukidnon
Saavedra, Bobby Zamboanga City, 0917 559 1796; 0918 921 6578
Sarcon, Edvir Chris Cotabato City, engr.edvirchrissarcon@yahoo.com.ph 09056741418/ 09072325923

Through the:
IIEE
UAP
IECEP
RADIO/TV
ACADEME
ROTARY
FACEBOOK
THE
CONTINUING
SOLAR
AWARENESS
&
ADVOCACY
Thank you & Good luck!
If you need further help, my contact numbers are:

0943 0616 215 / 0915 292 8668 / 0929 555 2508 /
pldt mobile 73 69 159

Install Solar for Home

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E.N.G.I.N.E.E.R., Inc.

SOLAR for the HOME

Manila, Phils. South Korea

Residential: P10-13 /KWHR P3.50/ KWHR

Commercial: P8-9 /KWHR P4.50/ KWHR

Industrial: P6-8 /KWHR P5.50/ KWHR

UNLIMITED ENERGY FROM THE SUN

HISTORY OF SOLAR or PV PANELS

Solar Energy is the product of the

Note: Photos by FEMP Safety Engg

45MW SACASOL Solar Power Farm-2014

1. Cagayan River, 505km, 2. Rio Grande River (Cotabato), 373km,

NON-CONCENTRATOR TYPE CELL CATEGORY

IN COMMERCIAL CELL CATEGORY

Note: Graphics by FEMP Safety Engg

Note: Graphics by Solar Quotes

Note: Graphics by Solar Quotes

Note: Graphics by REneweconomy

Note: Drawings by FEMP Safety Engg

SCPA FACTORY KWHM

OFF GRID SOLAR SYSTEMS

HYBRID SYSTEM W/ GENERATOR SET

SOLAR POWER MEASUREMENTS

Never test battery current using a multi-meter!

BASIC FORMULAS/ DESIGN GUIDE

Module Type: BP 275 UL GY 250 M-60 300-180-M

Maximum Power: 75W 250W 300W

Maximum System Voltage: 600V 1,000VDC 1,000V

Calculating the Max.Capacity That

Note: Graphics by FEMP Safety Engg

Note: Graphics by FEMP Safety Engg

Note: Graphics by ELECTRONICS HUB

Note: Graphics by SENIORLED

Note: Graphics by SENIORLED

Note: Graphics by SENIORLED

Note: Graphics by homepower

Note: Graphics by homepower

220V 220V 220V

SCC SCC Solar Charge SCC

DC BUS, 24V (or 48V)

Power From Utility

POWER & ENERGY CALCULATIONS-1

POWER & ENERGY CALCULATIONS-3

POWER & ENERGY CALCULATIONS-3a

Solar Energy.. Free.. Limitless.. Efficient.. Clean..

POWER & ENERGY CALCULATIONS-4

4.1 P = 8 x 250 = 2000watts

POWER & ENERGY CALCULATIONS-4a

POWER & ENERGY CALCULATIONS-5

POWER & ENERGY CALCULATIONS-5a

POWER & ENERGY CALCULATIONS-5b

TYP.RISER DIAGRAM-OFF GRID

From the cost matrix table,

1. Solar operation: 8AM to 5PM for 9 hours

WHAT TYPE OF BATTERIES IS THE

Types of Deep-Cycle Batteries:

Factors Affecting Cost of Batteries:

Cycle Life - The Most Important

Battery Ratings Longer Warm Ups

SOLAR BATTERY BANKS

INSTALLING THE SOLAR POWER SYSTEM

Has the company installed grid-connected PV systems? If not, has it