BEWLEYS LATTICE DIAGRAM

Bewley has given the lattice or time space diagrams from

which the motion of reflected & transmitted waves & their
positions at every instance can be calculated.
The principles observed in lattice diagrams
All waves travel downhill (ie) into the positive time.
The position of the wave at any instant is given by means
of the time scale at the left of the lattice diagram.
The total potential at any instant of time is the
superposition of all the waves which arrive at that point
until that instant of time, displaced in position from each
other by time intervals equal to the time differences of their
arrival.
 Attenuation is included so that the amount by which the
wave is reduced is taken care.
The previous history of the wave if derived can be traced.
If the computation is to be carried out at a point where the
operations cannot be directly placed on the lattice diagram,
the arms can be numbered & the quantity can be tabulated
& computed.
Consider a line terminating at the remote end with an
impedance Z & having a surge impedance Z1.
At the near end the line can be connected to a bus whose surge
impedance is low. The connections is made through a C.B.
Line terminating at an impedance z
 Let the instantaneous bus voltage is V.
L = total line inductance
C = total line capacitance
1 = =
11 = 1 1 =1 V = reflection of 1 at remote end
1 = reflection coefficient at remote end
2 = 2 11 =1 2 V = reflection of 11 at the near end
2 = reflection coefficient at near end
21 = 1 2 =12 2 V = reflection of 2 at the remote end
The refraction coefficient at the remote end,
2
1 = +
1

At the near end , 2 = 0

 Thus at the remote termination , the following voltage
fluctuation occur.
= voltage = 0
< t < 3 = 1 1 =1
3 < t < 5 = 1 (1 + 2 ) = 1 (1 +1 2 )
5 < t < 7 = 1 (1 + 2 + 3 )
= 1 (1 +1 2 + 12 22 )
 Lattice diagrams are drawn equally well for current waves .
The current waves are derived from the voltage wave through
the relationship I= V/Z
The choice of signs for Z will depend upon the direction of
the wave.
With the s.c at the remote end a1=-1, thus 11 =-11 =-V.
This wave will be associated with the cuttent of opposite sign
since it is travelling in the negative direction.
Similarly, 11 = 11 /Z1=V/Z1.
This wave adds to the incident wave so that the current is
doubled at first reflection.
TWO JUNCTIONS
 The travel times for the waves are different through Z1, Z2, &
Z3. The lines with the surge impedances Z1,Z2,Z3 are
connected on either sides of the junctions.
Let - attenuation coefficient of Z2
-attenuation coefficient of Z3
1 11 reflection coefficient for the waves approaching
from the left & right at junction1
2 12 - reflection coefficient for the waves approaching
from the left & right at junction2
1 11 - refraction coefficient for the waves approaching
from the left & right at junction1
2 21 - refraction coefficient for the waves approaching
from the left & right at junction2