1. Name some structures in which the separate structures members are usually riveted together.

Some structures that uses rivets to connect separate structure members together are
stepladders (the rivets that hold it to the side rails), trusses, frames, bicycle frames, ships,
industrial factories and establishments, steel bridges, buildings, and any other steel structures.

2. Describe an undriven rivet and the manner in which it is usually driven.

3. What are some of the standard practices in the design of riveted structural joints? Name some
examples of structural joints.

4. Name some of the standard practices in the design of riveted boiler joints. Give some examples
and types of boiler joints.

5. Describe several possible types of failures of riveted joints.

The possible types of failures of riveted joints are:

Tension failure the plate can fail by tearing off across the pitch length due to lack of
tensile strength of the plate on a section along the row of the rivets.
Shearing failure has the tendency to cut through the rivet across the section lying in
the plane between the plates it connects.
Bearing failure between the plates and the rivets a rivet itself is deformed by the plate
acting on it or the rivet crushes the material of the plate which It bears.
Plate shear or shear out failure in the plate can be prevented by providing a sufficient
edge distance beyond the rivet.

6. Discuss shearing stresses in riveted joints. Give examples of single shear and double shear.

Shearing stress in riveted joints occurs when the plates, which are connected by a rivet or rivets
are subjected to tension forces. One example of single shear is two plates riveted together with
each plate being pulled in opposite directions. Also, an example of double shear is three plates
riveted together with the top and bottom plate being pulled in one direction and the middle
plate being pulled in the opposite direction.

7. Explain bearing stresses and give examples of inside bearing and outside bearing.

Bearing stress is the contact pressure between the separate bodies. It differs from compressive
stress, as it is an internal stress caused by compressive forces.

8. Discuss tensile plate stresses in a riveted joint.

The tensile plate stress in a riveted joint refers to the strength of plate per pitch length or the
resistance to tearing at outer row of rivets. It is given by the formula:
Pt = (P-D)pt t where: Pt = tensile plate stress per pitch length
P = pitch length
D = diameter of holes
pt = permissible stress in plate in axial tension
t = thickness of the plate
9. Are unit stresses in riveted joints fairly uniform or rather nonuniform?

All the unit stresses of riveted joints are assumed to be uniform. However, the outer rivets are
subjected to greater shear as compared to the inner rivets and the elastic stress in the members
to be jointed does not remain same between two consecutive pair of rivets.

10. When the equation s = P/A is used in connection with riveted joints, what stress s is thus
obtained?

The stress s obtained in the equation is the bearing stress of the riveted joints.

11. On what bases are allowable rivet unit stresses usually determined? Approximately what factor
of safety is already included in the allowable stresses for steel rivets?

12. What is regarded as the strength of riveted joint?

The strength of riveted joint is the permissible stress in plate (in axial tension) and rivet and the
allowable bearing stress in rivet.

13. Define the term efficiency of a riveted joint. Estimate a common efficiency of a boiler lap joint.

The efficiency of a riveted joint indicates how well the joint has been designed. It compares
the strength of the joint with that of the solid plate.

14. What is meant by a concentrically loaded riveted joint?

A riveted joint is said to be concentrically loaded when the line of action of a load coincides with
the center of gravity of the rivet group.

15. Explain what is meant by an eccentrically loaded riveted joint?

A riveted joint is said to be eccentrically loaded when the line of action of a load doesnt
coincide with the center of gravity of the rivet group or the load is not distributed equally over
all the rivets or bolts.

16. By what method may the centroid of an unsymmetrical group of rivets be located?

17. By what quantities is an eccentric moment usually measured?

18. What portion of the total load P is each rivet of a concentrically loaded group of n rivets
presumed to carry?

19. What is the effect of an eccentric moment on the rivets of a group? Describe some
characteristics of the force Q and how Q is determined?

20. Against which rivet of a group of equal-diameter rivets is the maximum force F generally exerted
and how is F determined?
21. Describe generally the process of welding.

Welding is the process by which metallic parts are connected by heating their surfaces to a
plastic or fluid state and allowing the parts to flow together and join (with or without the
addition of other molten metal).

22. For what type of work is welding especially useful?

Welding is useful especially in marine engineering, building and bridge construction, roofing,
railroad and steel bridges, and any other structural connections requiring the aid of welding.

23. What are the best assurances of good-quality welding?

The best assurances of good-quality welding are through weld testing and analyses such as
Imaging-based methods (X-ray and visible light imaging), ultrasonic and acoustic based methods,
and peel testing of spot welds.

24. Describe briefly fillet welds and butt welds?

Fillet welds are joined by two pieces of metal together whether they may be perpendicular or at
an angle.
Butt welds are joined by two pieces of metal to be joined in the same plane. It requires only
some preparation and are used with thin sheet that can be welded with a single pass.

25. What determines the size of the fillet weld?

The size of the fillet weld should be determined based on the nature and magnitude of applied
loads, on the material and on the design basis. However, there are established minimum fillet
weld sizes which depends on the base metal thickness.

26. Where is the critical section in a fillet weld and how are its dimensions determined?

The critical section in a fillet weld is located at the weld throat. The dimensions (as well as their
relationship) of the effective width and the throat thickness is that the effective width of the
fillet weld should be at least eight times the throat thickness.

27. How many eccentric loading of welded joints sometimes be compensated for?