ECE 390: Electric and Magnetic Fields - Summer 2016 Xuanyi Dong

HW1&2_Solution

4.12 Two straight-line charges. Consider two uniformly charged wires, each of length 1m and a total charge +100nC,
with their end separated by 1m, as shown in Figure.

(a) Find the electric potential at the point P, midway between the two wires.
1 1 l dy 1 2 l dx
P
4 0 0
0.52 y 2

4 0 x 0.5
1

l
2
1
2
ln y 0.5 2
y ln x 0.5 x 1
4 0 y 0
l 1 0.52 12 2 0.5
ln ln
4 0 0 0.52 02
1 0.5

l
1.4436 1.0986 2285.91V
4 0

(b) Find the electric field E at point P.

1 1 0.5x yy 1 2 x
EP l dy l dx
4 0 0.52 y
2 32 4 0 x 0.5
0 1 2

l 1 0.5x yy x

dx
1 2

4 0 0 0.52 y 2 3 2
dy dy
0.5 y 2 32

0 2 1 2
x 0.5

1 1

l 1 2
y 1
0.5 x y
x
4 0 0.5 0.5 y y 0
2 2 2
0.5 y y 0
2 2
x 0.5 x 1

1 1 1 1 1
l 0.5 x y x
4 0 0.52 0.52 12 0.5 1
2 2
0.52 2 0.5 1 0.5

l
4 0
0.455521x 1.105573y 409.6x 994.11y V m
 ECE 390: Electric and Magnetic Fields - Summer 2016 Xuanyi Dong
HW1&2_Solution

4.16 Semicircular line charge. A thin line charge of density l is in the form a semicircle of radius a lying on the xy
plane with its center located at the origin, as shown in Figure. Find the electric field at the origin for the cases in
which

(a) The line charge density l = 0 is a constant

1 sin y
EP
4 0 0
l
a2
ad

l l


cos 0 y l cos cos 0 y l y V m


4 a 0 0
sin dy
4 a 0 4 a 0 2 a 0

(b) The line charge density varies along the semicircular ring as l = 0 sin
1 cos x sin y
EP
4 0 0
0 sin
a2
ad

0
sin cos dx sin 2 dy
4 a 0 0 sin 2 2 0


l 1 sin 2
cos 2 0 x


y
4 a 0 4 2 4 0
l 1 sin 2 sin 0
cos 2 cos 0 x y
4 a 0 4 2 4 4

l V
4 a 0 2
y
m


l y V
8a 0 m
 ECE 390: Electric and Magnetic Fields - Summer 2016 Xuanyi Dong
HW1&2_Solution

4.17 Charge on a hemisphere. The curved surface of a hemisphere of radius a centered at the origin carries a total charge
of Q uniformly distributed over its curved surface, as shown in Figure.

(a) Find the electric potential on the z axis.

s
Q C
2 a 2 m2
1 2 s ds 1 2 Q a 2 sin d d
4 0 0 2 a 2 z 2 2az cos 4 0 0 2 2 a 2 a 2 z 2 2az cos

1 Q 2 sin Q sin

4 0 2 0 d
2 a 2 z 2 2az cos
d
4 0 2 a 2 z 2 2az cos
d

sin d d cos

Let cos x

Q 1 dx Q 1 1 1

4 0
0
a 2 z 2 2azx

4 0
0
2az a2 z 2
dx
x
2az
1
Q 1 a2 z 2 Q 1 a 2 z 2 2az a2 z2
2 x
4 0 2az 2az 0 2 0 2az 2az 2az

Q a z a2 z 2
V
4 0 az

(b) Find the electric field on the z axis.

Q a z a2 z 2

4 0 az

Q a z a2 z 2
E z z
z z 4 0 az


z a2 z 2 2z a2 z 2
1 1 2

Q 1 1 a2 z 2 Q 1 2
z 2 z
4 0 z z a az
4 0 z az 2

Q 1 a2 z 2 V
2
4 0 z
1
a a2 z 2

az 2
z m
 ECE 390: Electric and Magnetic Fields - Summer 2016 Xuanyi Dong
HW1&2_Solution

(c) Repeat (a) and (b) if the charge Q is uniformly distributed throughout the volume of the hemisphere.

v
Q C
2 3
a
m3
Qs v 2 r 2 dr

3
Qs r z r 2 z 2 v 2 r 2 dr r z r 2 z 2
s v r rz r r z dr
2 2 2

4 0 rz 4 0 rz 2 z 0

v r 3
a

a a
v a 2 zr 2 1 2 2 3 2
r z
a
v s
2 z 0 0
r rz r r z dr
2 2

0 2 z 0 3 r 0 2 r 0 3 r 0

v a 3 za 2 a z z 1 a 3 za 2 a z z

2 2 32 3 2 2 32 3
Q

2 z 0 3 2 3 2 3 2 z 0 3
2 3
a
3
3Q a 3 a 2 a z
2 2 32
z2
V
4 0 a 3 3z 2 3z 3

3Q a 3 a 2 a z
2 2 32
z2
E z z
z z 4 0 a 3 3z 2 3z 3

3Q a 3 a 2 a z
2 2 3 2

z2
z
4 0 a 3 z 3z 2 3z 3


3Q a 3 z
3 2
a z
2 12
2 z a 2
z
2 32
2 z
3
2 2 z
4 0 a 3z 3z 2
3

a2 z 2
3 2

3Q a 3
4 0 a 3 3z 2
a 2
z 2

3z 2

3

2z V
z
m

 ECE 390: Electric and Magnetic Fields - Summer 2016 Xuanyi Dong
HW1&2_Solution

4.20 The electron charge density in a hydrogen atom. According to quantum mechanics, the electron charge of a
hydrogen atom in its ground state is distributed like a cloud surrounding its nucleus, extending in all directions with
steadily such that the total charge in this cloud is equal to qe (i.e. the charge of an electron). This electron charge
distribution is given by
qe 2 r a
r e
a3
where a is the Bohr radius, a 0.529x10-10m
(a) Find the electric potential and the electric field due to the electron cloud only.
2 qe 2 r a 2
4 0 r 2 E r r dv
r

v 0
0 0 a3
e r sin dr d d

qe 2 r

a3 0
d sin d e 2 r a r 2 dr
0 0

r
qe a 2 2a 2 2a 3 2 r a
3 2 cos 0 r

r e
a 2 4 8 r 0
4qe a 2 a 2 a 3 2 r a a 3
r r e
a 3 2 2 4 4
4qe a 2 a 2 a 3 2 r a a 3 qe a 2 a 2 a 3 2 r a a 3 V
E
1

4 0 r 2 a 3 2
r
2
r
4
e
4

r
0 r 2 a 3 2
r
2
r
4
e
4 m
r
r r qe a 2 a 2 a 3 2 r a a 3
E d l r r e dr
r 2 a 3
0 2 2 4 4
qe r a a 2 a 3 2 r a a 3

0 a 3 2 2r 4r 2 e 4r 2 dr

qe a r 2 r a a2 re 2 r a a3 e 2 r a
r a3 1r
0 a 3 2 r r 2
e dr dr dr dr
r 2
2 4 4
a a 2 r a r a3 1
r

e
2 2 r 4 r
q
e 3
0 a a 2 r e2 r a a 3 1 e 2 r a
r
2 r e 2 r a
2 r dr 4 2 1 r
dr

r a r


qe a 2 2 r a a 3 a 2 r e 2 r a
r
a 3 e 2 r a a 2 r e 2 r a
4r 2 r r r 2 r

4
e dr dr
0 a 3 4

q a2 a3 a3 q 1 1 q 1
e 3 e 2 r a e 2 r a e e 2 r a e V
0 a 4 4r 4r 4 0 a r 4 0 r

(b) Find the total electric potential and the electric field in the atom, assuming that the nucleus (proton) is localized
at the origin.
qe qe a 2 a 2 a 3 2 r a a 3 qe r 2 r
E total Enuclei E r r e r 2
2 2 2 1 e 2 r ar
4 0 r 0 r a 4 0 r a
2 2 3
2 2 4 4 a
qe 1 1
E d l
r
e2 r a
4 0 a r
 ECE 390: Electric and Magnetic Fields - Summer 2016 Xuanyi Dong
HW1&2_Solution

(c) Suppose a 1000 V/m uniform electric field is applied to the atom.
(Assume all charges are uniformly enclosed within Bohr radius)
i. By how much will the nucleus be displaced from the center of the electron cloud?
qe d 4000 0 a 3
Eexternal Eelectron 1000 d 1.02 1019 m
4 0 a 3
qe
ii. What is the resulting dipole moment of the atom?
p qe d 1.63 1038 C m
iii. Based on that, what is the electric susceptibility of hydrogen at standard temperature and pressure?
p P
P 2.83 108 2.97
4 3
a 0E
3
iv. Based on that, what is the relative permittivity of hydrogen?
r 1 3.97
 ECE 390: Electric and Magnetic Fields - Summer 2016 Xuanyi Dong
HW1&2_Solution

4.21 Spherical shell of charge. The space between two concentric spheres of radii a and b (a < b) in free space is charged
to a volume charge density given by
K
r ar b
r2
where K is a constant.
(a) Find the total charge in the shell.
2 K 2 2
Q r dv a dr 4 K b a C
b b

v 0
0 a r 2
r sin dr d d K 0 0d sin d
(b) Find the electric field at all points in space.
Qenclosed 4 0 r 2 E


0 ra
4 K r a K r a
E
4 0 r
2

0r 2
a r b r V m
4 K b a K b a
r b
4 0 r 0r 2
2

(c) Find the electric potential at all points in space.

r
Edr

K b a K a 1 1
ln ar
0 b 0 b b a
b K b a r K r a K b a K r 1 1
dr dr ln a r b V

0r 2 b 0r 2
0b 0 b b r
r K b a K b a
dr r b
0r 2
0r
(d) What happens if b a ?
b a : Qtotal 0 E 0 0