Professional Documents
Culture Documents
MONEY
Background
The1stConfederatenotefromtheCSA
GovernmentwasissuedinAprilof1861.
AlmosteveryConfederatenotewas
painstakinglyhandsignedandnumbered.
Notuncommonforthesenotestohave
uneven,orroughborderssincescissorsor
shearswereusedtohastilycutthesheetsofnotesapart.
11differentprintingwerecompaniesused.
Contributedtothebreadthofdesign,types&varieties.
Intaglio
Intaglio(engraved)&Lithographyprocesseswereemployed.
(engraved) & Lithography processes were employed
SecretaryoftheTreasury,ChristopherMemminger,
consideredintagliotooslowtoissuetheamountofcurrency
needed.
needed
Intagliovs.Lithography
6 Notes CSAActofCongress
6Notes CSA Act of Congress March9,1861(FirstIssue)
March 9 1861 (First Issue)
IntaglioProcess
Usedon1st Issue
MontgomeryNotes RichmondNotes
Total:16,022
LithographicProcessUsedon
2nd Issue
I M 16 1861
May16,1861
st
1 NoteAloneTotaled:37,155
Background
$1.7billioncurrencywasissuedunderthevariousactsof
theConfederateCongress.
g
WasneverdeclaredlegaltenderbutSoutherners&
militarypersonnelwereaskedtoacceptitassuch.
Billswerereleasedin70differentnote
Bills were released in 70 different note "types"
types inseven
in seven
"series"between1861and1865.
ConfederateSoldiersonlysawafewnotes.
The$2,$1and50Centnoteswereused
Th $2 $1 d 50 C t t d
topaysoldiers.
Statenotesof5cent, 10,15,20,25cents
& upto$2wereprimarilyused.
t $2 i il d
Onlyafewsawsoldiersreceived$5
Officersmightseea$10,$20and$50
andrarelya$100.
$
Noonewantedhighdenominationnotes.
Fractional Currency
FractionalCurrency
TheCSAissuedafractionalnote facevaluelessthanadollar.
Most fractional currencies were issued by states
Mostfractionalcurrencieswereissuedbystates.
NorthCarolinaissueditsownsupplyoffractionalcurrency.
Mysteriouslyreissuedin1864whennearlyworthless.
Designs(Vignettes)
onCSACurrency
Southwaslimitedinskilledengraversandprintersas
well as secure printing facilities
wellassecureprintingfacilities.
Manywereinexperiencedinbanknoteproduction.
Oftenhadtomakedowithunrelateddesigns.
ManydesignsweretakenfromBankandStateNotes.
Somesuchdesignswereabstractdepictionsof
mythologicalgodsandgoddesses.
y g g g
Navigation
Sailors&Soldiers Sailors
Capitol Buildings on CSA Currency
CapitolBuildingsonCSACurrency
SouthCarolina
Tennessee
Virginia
Portraits on CSA Notes
PortraitsonCSANotes
JudahP.Benjamin JohnC.Calhoun17821850(2Notes)
181184(6Notes) USSenatorfromSouthCarolina
USSenatorfromLouisiana185261 SecretaryofWar181725
y
CSAAttorneyGeneral1861 SecretaryofState184445
SecretaryofWar186162 USVicePresident182532
SecretaryofState186265 Statesrightsadvocate/ProSlavery
Escaped to England
EscapedtoEngland
Portraits on CSA Notes (2)
PortraitsonCSANotes(2)
StonewallJackson182463(1Note) ChristopherMemminger180388(7Notes)
ServedinMexicanWar184648 SCChairmanofFinanceCommittee
Civil War Lieutenant General
CivilWarLieutenantGeneral CSA Secretary of Treasury 186164
CSASecretaryofTreasury1861 64
Accidentlykilled,BattleofChancellorsville Hardmoneymanwhoadoptedpaper
Portraits on CSA Notes (5)
PortraitsonCSANotes(5)
AlexanderH.Stephens,181283(5Notes) GeorgeWashington173299(4Notes)
USCongressmanfromGeorgia,184359 CommanderinRevolutionaryWar
VP of CSA 186165
VPofCSA,1861 65 First President US 178997
FirstPresidentUS1789 97
OpposedmanyCSApolicies ConsideredFatherofHisCountry
USCongressmanfromGeorgia,187382 Southernersseizeduponhismanyvirtues
GovernorofGeorgia,188283
Portraits on CSA Notes (7)
PortraitsonCSANotes(7)
BankNote
JohnE.Ward,18141902 (1Note)
Lawyer,banker,somewhatobscure
U S Attorney for Georgia 1838 39
U.S.AttorneyforGeorgia,183839
MayorofSavannah,1854
USMinistertoChina,185961
OpposedSecession/LeftSouthduringWar
CSANote
Slaves on CSA Currency
SlavesonCSACurrency
SixSlaveVignettesFeaturedon7Notes
FrancisMarionsSweetPotatoDinner SlavesHoeingCotton
1861 $10.00Unc:$400(T30) 1862 $100.00Unc:$125(T41)
SlavesLoadingCotton WagonLoadofCotton
1861 $100.00Unc:$500(T13) 1861$10Unc:$9,000(T23)
Slaves on CSA Currency (2)
SlavesonCSACurrency(2)
SlavePickingCotton SlaveLoadingCotton
1861$10Unc:$6,500(T29) 1861$5Unc:$60,000(T35)
SlaveHoeingCotton
1861$50Unc:$30,000(T4)
MiscellaneousNotes(1)
Stonewall Jackson
StonewallJackson
General"Stonewall"Jacksonistheonlymilitaryherofeaturedon
CSAnationalcurrency.
DesignedinpartasamemorialtoJackson.
Designed in part as a memorial to Jackson
IncludesthecircularsealoftheCSA.
IncludesGeorgeWashingtononhorsebackandtheLatininscription
( g
"DEOVINDICE"(translated"GodBeingtheDefender.") )
MiscellaneousNotes(2)
$100Type3(1,606issued)($30KinUNC) $20Type19(14,860issued)($22KinUNC)
Consideredoneofthemostbeautiful Outstandingengraving
BearsinterestOneCentPerDay
$50Type15(14,860issued)($22KinUNC) $20Type21(164,248issued)($2KinUNC)
ConsideredmostbeautifulofRed&Black Veryattractive
Trainengravingisoutstanding PortraitofCSAVP AlexanderStephens
MiscellaneousNotes(3)
$10Type22(58,806issued)($4.5KinUNC) $5Type32(20,333issued)($15KinUNC)
Goodblackwithredoverprint Attractive,twocolornote
GroupofIndians
$5Type31(58,860issued)($4.5KinUNC) $5Type35(7,160issued)($60KinUNC)
$5 Type 35 (7 160 issued) ($60K in UNC)
Highestqualityredfibernotepaper Oneofmostfamous IndianPrincess
Finestengravingworkmanshipavailable Counterfeitisfarrarerthangenuine
MiscellaneousNotes(4)
$2Type38(36,000issued)($9KinUNC) $10Type68(9,145,003issued)($55inUNC)
SouthstrikingdownUnionallegory Horsespullingartillerypiece/Verypopular
$100Type49(628,640issued)($900inUNC)
$100 Type 49 (628,640 issued) ($900 in UNC) $5Type69(5,525,264issued)($60inUNC)
$5 Type 69 (5,525,264 issued) ($60 in UNC)
NearlygotSecretaryMemmingerfired LincolnNote
SecretaryofWarRandolphhadresigned
&itwastoolatetosubstitutetheportrait
Miscellaneous Notes (5)
MiscellaneousNotes(5)
WhenAbrahamLincolnwasshotatFordsTheatreon
April14,1865,hewascarrying:
A brown leather wallet containing a $5 Confederate note
RemainedwiththeLincolnfamilyformorethan70years.
Fundablein8PerCertStockorBonds
OfTheConfederateStatesofAmerica
ReceivableforPaymentofAllDuesExceptImportDuties
Interest Bearing Notes
InterestBearingNotes
Holdersofinterest
bearing notes received
bearingnotesreceived
interest
Holderwouldpresentto
authorizedagentknown
asassistanttreasurersor
pay depositories
paydepositories
State Notes
StateNotes
TenofthethirteenstatesissuedpapermoneyduringtheCivil
War amounting to $65 million
Waramountingto$65million.
OtherNotes
Pi
PrivateBanks,counties,railroads,&merchantsalsoissuednotes
B k i il d & h l i d
Renowned Counterfeiter
RenownedCounterfeiter
CounterfeitingbecameamajorproblemfortheSouth.
ACounterfeitConfederatenoteisanotethatwasproduced
A Counterfeit Confederate note is a note that was produced
duringtheWar.
ThebestknowncounterfeiterofConfederatenoteswas
S
SamuelUpham,aPhiladelphiabusinessman.
lU h Phil d l hi b i
Uphamwasresponsiblefor2/3rdsoftheCounterfeits.
HeproducedcounterfeitnotesandCSApostagestampsin
early1862whichhesoldasnovelties.
Upham'searliestnoteshadhisnameand
addressonthebottomedgeofthenotes.
g
Peoplewerecuttingoffthenameandaddresson
hisnotes&usingthemintheSouthtobuycotton.
Inlate1862,Uphambeganprintingthenoteswithout
his name and address
hisnameandaddress.
Upham Counterfeits
UphamCounterfeits
TowardstheendoftheWar,Uphamwasoffering
$20,000incounterfeitCSAnotesforonly$5.
YearslaterUphamclaimedthathehadprinted
1,564,000notesbetween1862and1863.
Confederatecounterfeitnotesarenowveryy
collectable
Manyareworthasmuchastheauthenticnote
Someareworthmore.
CurrencyEroded
y
Bytheendofthewar,acakeofsoapcouldsellforasmuchas
$50andasuitofclotheswas$2,700.
Astheendofthewargotcloser,Southerncitizenslostall
confidenceintheConfederatecurrency.
Bartering,andtheblackmarketNorthern"greenbacks"took
overasmainformsofexchangeforgoodsandservices.
Memmingerwasunfairlyblamedbymanyfordemiseof
currencies.
ThegrowinginstabilityofCSAmoneywasduetomany
factors.
TheSouth'slackofgoldandsilverreserves.
Itsweakindustrialbase.
Mountingsetbacksonbattlefront.
$1,200
Inflation 1 M 1865
1May1865
(LastExchange)
Fantasy/Bogus Notes
Fantasy/BogusNotes
NoRecordofCSAProduction/HighlyDesirable
FemaleRidingDeer
Essay10 Essay11
Facsimile/FakeNotes
/
ProducedAftertheWar
Genuine Fake
Facsimile/FakeNotes(2)
Ch i C
CheeriosCerealCollection
l C ll ti
Facsimile/Fake Notes (3)
Facsimile/FakeNotes(3)
Coinage
ConfederacytookpossessionoftheFederalMintsat
y p
NewOrleans,Dahlonega,&Charlotte.
Facilitiesdidnothaveasignificantbullion.
Nocoinsweremintedforgeneralcirculation.
JeffersonDavis,authorizedproductionofa
ConfederateHalfDollar.
Toopoortopossessthepreciousores,
Andtoomuchofastrangertoborrow,
W i
Weissuedtodayourpromisetopay,
dt d i t
Hopingtoredeemonthemorrow.
Butdaysflewby,weeksbecameyears,
Our coffers were empty still;
Ourcofferswereemptystill;
Coinwassoscarceourtreasury'dquake
Ifadollarwoulddropinthetill.
TheLostCause(Cont)
Weknewithadscarcelyavalueingold,
Yetasgoldthesoldiersreceivedit
It looked in our eyes a promise to pay
Itlookedinoureyesapromisetopay,
Andeachpatriotbelievedit.
Butthefaiththatwasinuswasstrongindeed,
Andourpovertywellwediscerned
p y
Andthenlittlechecksrepresentedthepay
Thatoursufferingveteransearned.
Butourboysthoughtlittleofprizeorpay,
Orofbillsthatwereoverdue
Weknewifitboughtusourbreadtoday
'T
'Twasthebestourpoorcountrycoulddo.
th b t t ld d
Keepit,ittellsourhistoryover
Fromthebirthofthedreamtoitslast;
Modest and born of the angel hope
Modest,andbornoftheangelhope,
Likeourhopeofsuccessitpassed.
Credits
ConfederatePaperMoney,GroverC.Criswell,1996
p y, ,
ConfederateStatesPaperMoney,ArlieR.Slabaugh,2000
CounterfeitCurrencyoftheConfederateStatesofAmerica,
GeorgeB.Tremmel,2003
CSACurrency,VanceE.Poteat,2003
Crutchfield'sCurrency,www.crutchwilliams.com
Crutchfield's Currency www crutchwilliams com
CSANotes,www.csanotes.com
TheConfederateTreasury,www.confederatetreasury.com
The Confederate Treasury www confederatetreasury com
BackupSlides
Issue Inventory
IssueInventory