Professional Documents
Culture Documents
TCVN 9276:2012
SN PH BO V KT
CU THP - HNG DN
KIM TRA, GIM ST
CHT LNG QU TRNH
THI CNG
TIU CHUN: TCVN 9276:2012
SN PH BO V KT CU THP -
HNG DN KIM TRA, GIM ST
CHT LNG QU TRNH THI CNG
Trang thng tin Kin trc & Xy dng Vit Nam KIENTRUC.VN
p cc b tng http://epcocbetong.net
ASTM D 4417, Test Methods for Field Measurement of Surface Profile of Blast Cleaned Steel
(Cc phng php xc nh hin trng b mt thp c lm sch bng phng php phun
p lc).
ASTM D 4537, Guide for Establishing Procedures to Qualify and Certify Inspection Personnel for
Coating Work in Nuclear Facilities (Hng dn quy trnh kim tra cht lng v chng ch t vn
gim st cng vic sn trong lnh vc ht nhn).
ASTM D 4538, Terminology Relating to Protective Coatings and Lining Work for Power
Generation Facilities (Thut ng lin quan n lp ph bo v v lp ph trong cng xng cho
cc thit b pht in).
ASTM D 4541, Test Method for Pull-Off strength of Coatings Using Portable Adhesion Testers
(Phng php xc nh bm dnh ca mng ph bng phng php ko tch (Pull-Off)).
ASTM D 5064, Practice for Conducting a Patch Test to Access Coating Compatibility (Quy trnh
tin hnh th v kim tra s tng thch ca lp ph).
ASTM D 5162, Practice for Discontinuity (Holiday) Testing of Nonconductive Protective Coating
on Metal Substrates (Quy trnh kim tra s bong rp ca mng ph bo v cch in trn nn kim
loi).
ASTM D 6677, Test Method for Evaluating Adhesion by Knife (Phng php kim tra bm dnh
bng dng c dao ct).
ASTM D 7091, Practice for Nondestructive Measurement of Dry Film Thickness of Nonmagnetic
Coatings Applied to ferrous Metals and Nonmagnetic, Nonconductive Coatings Applied to ferrous
Metals (Quy trnh o chiu dy mng sn kh trn nn thp v kim loi khng t tnh, sn cch
in thi cng trn nn thp bng phng php khng ph hy).
2.2. Tiu chun qun l an ton lao ng v bo v sc khe (OSHA)
29 CFR 1926.59, Hazard Communication (Khuyn co thng tin an ton ha cht).
2.3. Tiu chun SSPC (Tiu chun ca Hip hi sn kt cu thp)
SSPC-SP 1, Solvent Cleaning (Lm sch bng dung mi).
SSPC-SP 2, Hand Tool Cleaning (Lm sch bng dng c cm tay).
SSPC-SP 3, Power Tool Cleaning (Lm sch bng my).
SSPC-SP 5/NACE 1, White Melal Blast Cleaning (Lm sch bng phng php thi mnh t
n b mt kim loi mu trng).
SSPC-SP 6/NACE 3, Commercial Blast Cleaning (Lm sch bng phng php thi va phi).
SSPC-SP 7/NACE 4, Brush-off Blast Cleaning (Lm sch bng phng php thi nh).
SSPC-SP 10/NACE 2, Near-White Blast Cleaning (Lm sch bng phng php thi mnh).
SSPC-SP 11, Power Tool Cleaning to Bare Metal (Lm sch bng my n mc kim loi trn).
SSPC-SP 12/NACE 5, Surface Preparation and Cleaning of Steel and Other Hard Materials by
High- and Ultrahigh-Pressure Water Jetting Prior to Recoating (Chun b v lm sch b mt thp
v vt liu cng khc bng tia nc p lc cao v rt cao trc khi sn ph li).
SSPC-SP 14/NACE No.8, Industrial Blast Cleaning (Lm sch bng phng php thi cng
nghip).
SSPC-SP 15, Commercial Grade Power Tool Cleaner (Thit b s dng nng lng (in) loi
thi va phi).
SSPC-PA 1, Shop Field and Manlanance Painting of Steel (Sn trong xng, ti hin trng v
bo tr cho nn thp).
SSPC-PA 2, Measurement of Paint Thickness with Magnetic Gages (o chiu dy mng sn
bng dng c t tnh).
SSPC-VIS 1, Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel Surfaces Prepared by Dry Abraisive
Blasting (Hng dn v cc hnh nh so snh cho quy trnh chun b b mt thp bng phng
php mi mn kh).
SSPC-VIS 1-89, Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards for Painting steel Surfaces (Tiu chun
hnh nh v vic chun b b mt thp cho sn).
SSPC-VIS 3, Guide and Reference Photographs for Steel Surfaces Prepared by Hand and Power
Tool Cleaning (Hng dn v cc hnh nh so snh cho quy trnh chun b b mt thp bng my
v dng c cm tay).
SSPC-VIS 4/NACE No.7, Visual Standard for Steel Cleaned By Water Jetting. Tiu chun nh
gi b mt thp lm sch bng phng php phun nc).
SSPC-Paint 27, Basic Zinc Chromate-Vinyl Butyral Wash Primer (Sn lt trn c s km Chromat
- Vinyl Butyral).
SSPC-Guide 6, Guide for Containing Debris Generated During Paint Removal Operations (Hng
dn thu gom mnh vn pht sinh trong qu trnh loi b mng sn c).
SSPC-Guide 7, Guide for Disposal of Lead Contaminate Surface Preparation Debris (Hng dn
loi b cc mnh vn nhim bn kim loi Ch trong qu trnh chun b lm sch b mt).
2.4. Tiu chun ASTM b sung
Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards for Painting Steel Surfaces (Tiu chun nh gi trc
quan vic chun b b mt thp cho thi cng sn trn nn thp).
2.5. Tiu chun TCVN
TCVN 8789:2011, Sn bo v kt cu thp Yu cu k thut v phng php th.
TCVN 8790:2011, Sn bo v kt cu thp - Quy trnh thi cng v nghim thu.
TCVN 2092:2008, Sn v vecni - Xc nh thi gian chy bng phu chy.
TCVN 2097:1993, Sn - Phng php xc nh bm dnh ca mng.
3. ngha v ng dng
3.1. Tiu chun ny cn c dng hng dn vic kim tra, gim st cht lng sn ph
bo v. Mt s ni dung c th quy nh cho trng hp sn c bit (quy nh ti TCVN
8789:2011) c yu cu k thut p dng cho cc loi mng ph ging nh cc mng ph thng
c s dng. Danh mc kim tra s dng trong lnh vc sn ny c quy nh ti Ph lc A.
4. Chun b kim tra
4.1. Tiu chun ny quy nh nhim v ca T vn gim st v a ra phng php kim tra
(bng trc quan v bng thit b) kim sot cht lng thi cng sn theo cc yu cu k thut
trong hp ng vi Nh thu sn.
4.2. Trc khi thi cng sn, T vn gim st cn phi nghin cu ch dn k thut ca d n, cc
tiu chun k thut lin quan n loi sn, dung mi s dng, t l s dng, dy mng sn
theo yu cu, lp sn lt, lp sn trung gian, lp sn ph ngoi, thi gian gia cc lp sn, x l
b mt, phng php thi cng v cc khuyn co c bit cho php v iu kin mi trng xung
quanh cng trng thi cng. Cc thng s chi tit ny phi c ghi li trong nht k thi cng
trong sut qu trnh kim tra, gim st hn ch nhng hiu nhm gia T vn gim st v Nh
thu.
4.3. T vn gim st phi lu bn photo v thng tin an ton ha cht ca tt c cc sn phm
s dng, cc quy nh an ton khc c lin quan ti cng vic tham chiu vi cc yu cu ca
nh thu theo tiu chun 29 CFR 1910.1200.
5. Phng php v yu cu chun b b mt
5.1. Chun b b mt kim loi sn l mt trong nhng cng on quan trng nht, nh hng
ti cht lng ca mng sn. T vn gim st cn kim sot cht ch vic chun b b mt
m bo vic thi cng sn t cht lng vi tui th xc nh.
5.1.1 Tiu chun hnh nh (atlat) ca ASTM D2200 hoc (SSPC - VIS1; SSPC-VIS 1-89) hoc
TCVN 8790:2011 so snh gip cho T vn gim st trong qu trnh gim st lm sch b mt
kt cu thp, kim tra mc x l b mt kt cu thp phi t c theo yu cu ca nh
thu. Vi nhng d n ln, trc khi thi cng cn ly mt mu thp vi kch thc tng ng
c x l b mt tha mn cc yu cu ca d n c th i chng trong qu trnh gim st.
Mu thp x l b mt c bo v bi lp mng acrylic trong sut hay bc trong ti nha
do trong sut bo v mu khi b g.
5.2. Cc yu t nh hng n cht lng mng sn
5.2.1. Lm sch
Phi loi b khi b mt thp cc tp cht nh du, m, vt bn, vt mi hn, vy thp... do
chng lm gim tnh cht bm dnh ca mng sn ln b mt kim loi. Cn mui lng ng (clorit
v sunfat) cng phi c loi b, nu khng s nh hng rt ln ti tui th (hoc bn) ca
mng sn. Tiu chun TCVN 8790:2011 hoc Tiu chun SSPC lit k chi tit cc yu cu k
thut x l b mt gm cc phng php lm sch nh ty bng dung mi, bng dng c cm
tay hay thit b lm sch s dng nng lng (in) cng nh nhiu phng php lm sch khc.
5.2.2. nh g
Lp oxit mu xanh en l sn phm ca qu trnh cn nng, l nguyn nhn lm hng mng sn.
Lp g ny kh gin v c th rn nt hay b bong ra khi thay i nhit (trong qu trnh gia
cng kt cu thp v nh hng ca thi tit) dn n lm h hng mng sn.
5.2.3. nhm b mt
nhm ca b mt kim loi c nh hng ng k ti cht lng ca mng sn, n lm tng
din tch tip xc gip mng sn bm dnh tt hn. Mc nhm b mt ph thuc c v loi v
kch thc ca cht mi mn c s dng. Cc ht mi th thng to b mt th v su hn.
Mt mi su tt hn s to iu kin sn bm dnh, nhng lng sn tiu th s nhiu hn
ph kn b mt thp to nhm. Trng hp ny khng nn s dng loi sn c nht thp
do khng ph kn c b mt thp to nhm, c khi s c ph bng mt vi lp sn ph
ln trn. Chiu su rnh to nhm cn ln bng 1/4 n 1/3 dy mng ph trong h sn.
Quy nh ny khng p dng c nu nhm b mt qu ln v khi s xut hin s to gc
v mt ca b mt nhm c th nh hng n bm dnh ca mng sn. Cch xc nh
nhm b mt c hng dn ti ASTM D 4417 hoc TCVN 8790:2011.
5.3. Cc phng php lm sch
Qu trnh lm sch khng quy nh ring cho tng phng php lm sch. Cc quy nh v dung
mi v hp cht lm sch do Nh sn xut cung cp phi thng xuyn thay i m bo bo
v sc khe cho ngi lao ng.
5.3.1. Lm sch bng phng php ha hc
Cc dung mi thng c dng ty sch du m v cc vt liu khc c tnh cht tng t.
Dung mi cn li trn b mt c lm sch bng cch lau chi bng bn chi hay gi lau. Cht
bn c loi b bng cch lau cn thn cc vng b nh hng vi vi thm dung mi, vi bn
khng c nhng li vo dung mi. Qu trnh lm sch c th c lp li bng vi sch v
dung mi mi. Nh tng, hp cht ty ra, lm sch bng kh nn hay cc phng php v vt
liu tng t cng c th c s dng. Khi dng cht lm sch dng nh tng, x phng, hay
thuc ty, s c hiu qu cao hn nu dng vi nc sch, nng. Tiu chun SSPC SP-1 hoc
TCVN 8790:2011 bao gm c phng php dng cc cht ny.
5.3.1.1. Lm sch bng hi dung mi
Phng php ny thch hp vi c dy chuyn sn xut hay h thng hot ng lin tc. Lm
sch bng hi loi b tt c cc cht bn ha tan nhng khng th loi b lp oxit t nhin. Nu
lp ny phi loi b cn s dng phng php lm sch c hc. Phi lm sch vng hi dung
mi ngng t trn b mt kim loi. Ty nhn bng hi dung mi khng loi b c cc ht vt
liu, nhng v tr nn dng gi - lau loi b cc ht khng tan. Ty nhn bng hi dung
mi thun tin hn lau bng dung mi v khi dng dung mi nng th s ngng t ca dung mi
s dng s khng lm b mt b bn li.
5.3.2. Lm sch bng dng c cm tay
Phng php ny dng loi b cc lp g lin kt lng lo, g st, cc mng sn c, mi hn
chy, ht g st trn mt kim loi khi chi bng tay, nh bng ct, co bng dy kim loi, bn
chi lng cng, giy rp, bi thp hay c bng ba. Vt liu c xem nh bm dnh cht nu
khng b tch khi b mt khi lm sch bng dao trt. Tiu chun SSPC (SSPC- SP2), TCVN
8790:2011 hoc cc tiu chun tng t quy nh chi tit v vn ny. Tiu chun quan st
SSPC-VIS 3 c s dng h tr vic xc nh tnh chnh xc ca qu trnh lm sch.
5.3.2.1. Lm sch bng dng c cm tay yu cu tt c x hn, nha ng, du m v cn bn
dng du m khc phi c loi b trc bng dung mi.
5.3.2.2. Bn chi thp phi cng lm sch hon ton b mt v c hnh dng thch hp
c th xm nhp, lm sch c mi gc cnh v khp ni. Bn chi phi c gi sch trnh
cc vt liu bm vo b mt bn chi gy cn tr qu trnh lm sch.
5.3.2.3. Dng c dng co cm tay phi c lm bng thp, c ti v gi c cnh sc,
phi c kch thc thch hp v hnh dng thun li cho vic lm sch. Dng c co lun lun
phi gi c sc ca li.
5.3.3. Lm sch bng my
Phng php ny s dng lm sch cc ba via lin kt lng lo, g st, sn hng v cc mi
hn trn b mt kim loi nh cc bn chi dng in, dng c s dng nng lng, my mi,
my phun ct, hay kt hp cc phng php trn. Vt liu c xem nh bm dnh cht nu n
khng th tch ra bng dao trt. SSPC-SP 3 c cc c im chi tit cho thit b lm sch bng
in. Tham kho Tiu chun SSPC-VIS 3 a ra la chn thch hp.
5.3.3.1. Khi s dng thit b lm sch bng nng lng (in) yu cu tt c du m, mi hn v
cc cht bn khc phi c loi b trc bng dung mi. Lm sch bng dng c cm tay theo
5.3.2 c s dng ph hp trc khi lm sch bng my (thit b lm sch bng nng lng
in).
5.3.3.2. Tt c cc ph kin phi thch hp vi loi hnh dng vt cn lm sch v gi sch
trnh cn tr qu trnh chi hay lm mt hiu qu hot ng ca thit b. Tt c cc v tr va chm
u phi gi c sc.
5.3.4. Lm sch kim loi trn bng thit b s dng nng lng (in).
Phng php ny dng lm sch ton b sn ph, g v g vy.... Thit b lm sch s dng
nng lng (in) bao gm: cc bnh v a mi mn, a ph lp mi hay giy rp, bnh ph
lp mi v bng mi. SSPC-SP11 m t chi tit cc c im khi lm sch b mt kim loi trn
bng thit b| s dng nng lng (in).
5.3.4.1. Ph thuc vo iu kin ban u ca b mt v iu kin mt ct hin c, c th cn 1
hoc c hai loi thit b in. Tt c du m, mi hn v cht bn khc phi loi b trc bng
dung mi (phng php 5.3.1), lm sch bng dng c cm tay (5.3.2) hay lm sch bng thit b
s dng nng lng (in) (5.3.3) trc khi lm sch kim loi trn bng thit b s dng nng
lng (in) theo phng php trn (5.3.4)
5.3.4.2. Tt c cc ph kin phi thch hp vi loi hnh dng vt cn lm sch v gi sch
trnh lm cn tr qu trnh chi hay lm mt hiu qu hot ng ca thit b. Sng phun kim yu
cu ng knh l kim 2mm to ra hnh dng b mt thch hp.
5.3.4.3. B mt cui cng phi l kim loi trn, sng. Phn mng cn li ca g hay sn ph c
th cn li trong cc l (nu nh b mt c cc l). SSPC VIS 3 l tiu chun so snh cho trng
hp ny. B mt c quyt nh bi cc qu trnh quy nh ti 6.1.1.
5.3.4.4. Lm sch bng thit b nng lng (in) loi thi va phi, tiu chun SSPC-SP15 c
s dng tng t vi tiu chun SSPC-SP 11. B mt sau khi lm sch phi c mu sng trng
ca kim loi trn. Vic lm sch cho php t l phn trm dung tch g im v lp sn mng cn
li t 33 % so vi din tch theo tnh ton ban u, nu b mt sn ban u b g im.
5.3.5. Lm sch bng phun ct
Phng php ny s dng lm sch sn ph, g v cc g cn thp trn b mt kim loi v to
cho b mt kim loi tr nn th rp bng cch s dng thit b phun p lc phun cc ht mi
nh, cng nh ct kh, mt hay bi thp ln b mt cn lm sch.
5.3.5.1. Phng php ny s dng kh nn, u phun c bit v ht mi. C th a nc vo
trong dng kh gim bi. Cc phng php khc s dng ch yu trong cc cng xng ch
to, cc bnh y to ra lc ly tm y cc ht mi vo vt liu. Kch thc ln nht v nh nht
ca ht mi s nh hng n nhm b mt.
5.3.5.2. B mt phi c lm sch du m, mui hn bng dung mi trc khi phun ct. Thit b
phun ct c trang b b lc loi b nc ngng t hay du. Kim tra khng kh nn theo hng
dn ti ASTM D 4285 hoc TCVN 8790:2011.
5.3.5.3. H thng phun ct cn c thc hin sao cho phn nn ca b mt khng b ph hy.
Phun ct thng c thc hin t trn xung di ca cu trc v ch nn thc hin thun
chiu gi trong cc vng c sn. H thng phun ct kh khng thc hin cc b mt sau
o
khi phun ct b m. Nhit b mt thp cn phi ln hn im sng t nht 3 C.
5.3.5.4. Hiu qu ca phng php phun ct theo yu cu k thut x l b mt v tun theo tiu
chun nh (atlat). Tiu chun ca ASTM, SSPC, TCVN 8790:2011 v Hip hi quc t v K
thut n mn (NACE) c a ra bng di. Ch Tiu chun x l b mt m t ASTM-D
2200 c chia lm 2 phng php. Phng php A gii thch tiu chun trn nh theo ISO
Pictorial Surface Preparation Standards - tiu chun kim tra quy trnh chun b b mt theo
phng php so nh trc quan. Phng php B gii thch tiu chun trn nh theo SSPC. Hai b
nh ny khng c so snh trc tip (v chng khng tng ng).
Bng 1 - So snh cc tiu chun lm sch b mt.
ASTM D2200
TCVN 8790
Hng dn x l SSPC (*) Phng php Phng php NACE
A B
A B
Lm sch bng phng
php thi mnh t
SSPC-SP5 Sa3 Sa 3 SP5 1
n b mt kim loi mu
trng
Lm sch bng phng
SSPC -SP10 Sa 2 1 Sa 2 1 SP10 2
php thi mnh 2 2
Lm sch bng phng
SSPC - SP6 Sa 2 Sa 2C SP6 3
php thi va phi
Lm sch bng phng
SSPC - SP7 Sa 1 Sa 1 SP 7 4
php thi nh
Lm sch bng phng
SSPC-SP14 - - - 8
php thi cng nghip
CH THCH 1:
(*) TCVN 8790: Mc 4.3.2 - Lm sch bng cht mi mn kh;
A Phng php A l tiu chun ISO/Thy in;
B Phng php B l tiu chun SSPC-VIS-1;
C Tiu chun kim tra trc quan sch Sa 2 l khng tng ng vi nh ngha trong tiu
chun SSPC (SP6) v sch thi va phi.
5.3.5.5. Kim sot k nhng vt bn du m hay bt k vt bn no trn b mt trc khi phun.
Khi phun ct, tt c cc cht bn phi c loi b bng dung mi (xem ti 5.3.1). B mt c
phun phi kh, c chi vi bn chi sch, thi vi khng kh kh khng c du v hi m, hay
lm sch bng ht chn khng lm sch tt c cc bi bn do qu trnh thi cn lu li trn b
mt ng thi lm sch nhng v tr gc cnh m thit b phun ct khng x l c.
5.3.5.6. B mt sau khi lm sch bng phun ct phi c sn lt ngay trong ngy, thch hp
nht l trong khong thi gian 8 h sau khi phun ct lm sch, hoc trc khi cha c bt k vt g
no xut hin. Nu xut hin g hoa trn b mt th phi phun ct lm sch li.
5.3.6. Lm sch bng phun nc p lc cao: cn s dng nc sch, c hoc khng c ht mi
mn, c s dng xen k nhau phun vi mc ch gim thiu lng bi vo khng kh. p
sut vi phun phi ln hn 137900 KPa c th loi b ton b lp sn c nu nh ch dng
nc. Vic phun nc p sut cao khng kt hp ht mi mn khng th loi b via cn hay cc
b mt thp c nhm thp gn cht. B mt phi kh hay c lm kh trc khi sn. Tiu
chun SSPC SP-12/NACE 5 a ra cc nh ngha v cc mc sch c th khi s dng nc
p lc cao. Tiu chun SSPC-VIS 4/NACE No.7 nh gi b mt thp lm sch bng phng
php phun nc.
5.4. Lm sch v x l cc b mt khc nhau
Trc khi thi cng vi bt k loi sn no th b mt u phi lm sch v chun b cho ph hp
vi yu cu k thut. Tt c bi, cht bn, du m, hi m, mui than, sn c v cc cht bn
khc phi c lm sch. Cc git xi mng hay va trn b mt trc khi sa cha phi c
lm sch bng c hc hay ha hc. Cc ba via ra hay bt k nhng g gy tr ngi cho kt cu
u phi ct b.
5.4.1. B mt thp
Loi b g v ba via cng c thc hin bng cc phng thc nu trn l lm sch bng
tay, my hay phun ct.
5.4.1.1. B mt c kt cu phc tp, tt c cht bn v cc mnh vn phi b loi b khi cc v tr
nh: cc hc, cc ng nt, cc v tr mi ni, khp ni, pha trn b mt ngang... cc mnh vn
nm cht ng trn b mt ngang ca kt cu cn loi b. c bit ch ti cc v tr kh kim
tra nh vng nh, mt sau ca ai c hay bulong, mt di ca chi tit kt cu
5.4.2. B mt m km
B mt c ph lp m km cn c lm sch v x l theo hng dn trong tiu chun
ASTM D 2092. Mt khc, b mt c th c trong thi tit t nht 6 thng trc khi lm sch
v sn.
5.4.3. B mt nhm
5.4.3.1. Lm sch hon ton du m khi b mt nhm l rt quan trng. Lm sch du m bng
hi hay nhng trong dung dch lm sch bng kim hoc axit thng c s dng trong cng
xng. Ti cng trng, vic lm sch bng nc tip theo bng dung mi, hi hay thuc ty l
ph hp.
5.4.3.2. Lp sn lt vinyl l mt trong cc phng php x l li kim loi thng s dng i vi
nhm khng anot ha. Cc vt liu c a ra trong ASTM D1730, Loi B, Phng php 8 v
trong SSPC cho sn 27-sn lt trn c s crommat km. Bt mu trong sn lt c cha ch
khng bao gi c s dng trn b mt nhm. X l nhm t nht l Loi B, phng php 3 ca
ASTM D 1730, a ra phng php s dng cht lm sch l axit photphoric alcol ha.
5.4.4. Khuyn co trong x l b mt cha sn v b mt sn
Lm sch nn thc hin theo tng vng, tng hay tng phn trn b mt. Lm sch dt im,
kim tra k v phi c nghim thu trc khi sn. Ch dn k thut cn c gii hn da trn t
l vng c lm sch v vng sn trong cng thi im, vic thc hin xen k lm sch v
sn ti cc vng nh thng khng tt, iu ny c th dn ti lm bn b mt v cc vng sn
c lin quan.
5.4.4.1. Nu lng bi (do bt k nguyn nhn no) c t l cao c th x l bng cch s dng
cun giy tm nha ng cho khong cch xung quanh kt cu v m bo cc phng
n d phng cn thit khc bo v khi bi v cht bn nh hng n b mt lm sch
hay b mt mi c sn; khi cng cn lm sch b mt mi sn ph bng cc phng php
c bit gia cc ln sn.
5.4.4.2. Mt s v tr c sn hoc sn li c th nm trong vng hi ha cht, nu cn thit c
th phi c ra sch bng nc trc khi sn. Vic ra sch cng cn thit gia cc lp sn
chng ln nhau.
5.4.4.3. Cc cht bn nm trong cc hc, l trn b mt thp cn c loi b. Mui clorua t cc
mun tan hay trong mi trng bin, v mui sunfat trong khng kh khi b mt kim loi b
nhim c th lm gim tnh cht ca sn ph. Bng phng php phun nc p lc cao c
dng loi b cc cht bn ny.
5.4.4.4. Quy nh cn yu cu thu gom cc mnh vn t vic chun b b mt a i x l. Khi
cc lp sn c bin tnh vi cc kim loi nng nh ch hay crom, hay cc cht khc nh cht
chng ru mc th vic x l cc mnh vn l cn thit. S xem xt rc thi t qu trnh thi cng,
c bit l cng vic bo qun v x l chng cng l mt phn trong cng vic ca ngi gim
st sn, SSPC ch dn 6 v 7 cung cp cc thng tin hu ch cho ngi gim st. Trong qu trnh
loi b ch, ngi gim st cn phi hiu bit v cc yu cu OSHA i vi sc khe v s an
ton cho bn thn.
5.5. Kim tra b mt trc khi sn ngoi hin trng
5.5.1. Cng trnh xy dng mi
Cn phi khng nh rng lp sn ph u tin phi c sn ln b mt c lm sch
trc khi vt bn hay hin tng g xut hin. Nu sn ngoi tri, vng lm sch cn phi c
che chn bo v tt trc khi tri ti do gim nhit v tng hi m v ban m c th gy
ngng t nc ln b mt kim loi. Khi sn v lm sch b mt c thc hin trong nh xng,
c th cho php vic sn ph sang ngy hm sau nu b mt c lm sch bng phun ct.
5.5.1.1. B mt thp ph sn khi vn chuyn ti cng trng xy dng cn phi bo qun
trnh tip xc vi mt t, trnh b hoen , try xc v t chu nh hng xu ca du m,
mui. Trong thc t, thp phi c bo qun trnh hnh thnh cc ti gi nc. Nu gi
ngoi tri trong thi gian di (vi thng), ngi gim st nn kim tra cht lng ca mng sn
theo thi gian m bo cc khuyn tt c sa cha theo quy nh trong hp ng. Khong
thi gian t khi sn lp lt trong cng xng n khi lp rp v tin hnh sn lp ph tip theo
nn duy tr trong thi gian ngn nht ngn nga s khng bm dnh ca cc lp ph bn
trong.
5.5.1.2. Trc khi sn ph lp u tin, b mt phi c lm sch bi, nu cn thit phi loi b
cc cht bn du m, c th bng lau chi, lm sch bng kh nn, ty ra bng my vi cht ty
ra hoc lm sch bng dung mi c chn la ph hp khng lm mm mng ph. Cc vt
xc v v trn b mt, bao gm c cc vt xc do hn, bt bu lng, inh tn, cn c lm
sch, sa theo quy nh trc khi sn ph ln b mt thp.
5.5.1.3. Ngi gim st phi m bo cc ba via ca inh tn phi c lm sch vy st v vt
hn. im quan trng l tt c mng sn ca h phi c sn trn b mt kh, khng c vt
bn, v cc lp ph c khng b ph hy c hc. Cn ch khng lm ng mui gy g
di hoc gia 2 lp sn ph.
5.5.1.4. Ngi gim st phi xc nh cc c im k thut cng vi cc ti liu tham kho cho
php sn hoc khng cho php sn ln cc b mt tip xc khi bt vt hoc inh tn vo kt cu.
Ngi gim st phi m bo c s lng cc lp sn ph theo quy nh trc khi chuyn
sang hng mc khc.
5.5.2. Sn trong qu trnh bo dng, sa cha
Trong hu ht trng hp, vic bo dng sn li bao gm vic lm sch ti ch v khoanh vng
khu vc b hng, sau to mt lp ph mi cho ton b b mt kt cu. Ngi gim st qu
trnh bo dng cn ch ti mt vi iu kin c th ny sinh trong qu trnh nh sau:
5.5.2.1. Mng sn tt ln cn khu vc sn b hng khng b ph hy khi lm sch lp sn hng.
iu ny c bit quan trng khi lm sch bng phun ct.
5.5.2.2. Khu vc tip gip gia vng mng sn tt v vng khoanh vng lm sch cn phi
lm nhn. Khi thi cng sn n vng tip gip nn ph chng ln lp sn c, lp sn lin k ph
rng m bo ph kn ton b din tch khoanh vng lm sch. Cn phi lm sch khu vc
ny. Khi sn ph ln khu vc lm sch cn phi ph chng ln lp sn c m bo phm vi
ca khu vc cn sn ph. Trc khi hon thnh tng th cc lp sn sn cc lp sn ph ton
b b mt, ngi gim st cn khng nh m bo du m, cc vt bn, bi v cc vt cht bn
khc phi c lm sch khi lp sn c.
5.5.2.3. Kh nng bm dnh ca lp ph mi vi lp c cn c kim tra cn thn. Vic nh
gi cht lng lp ph bo dng c hng dn ti ASTM D 5064.
5.5.2.4. Di s hng dn ca thit k, t vn gim st, th vic gim st c th kim tra di
lp b mt lp ph c hoc mi kim tra g, hoc s dnh bm ca lp ph c v nu khng
m bo yu cu, b mt phi c x l v sn li.
5.5.2.5. nh hng ca lp ph mi trn lp ph c cn c ch nh sau: Bt k lp ph no
cho thy s qun, rp hay nhn phi c bo co vi k s thit k cc v tr phi sn li.
Nu cc khuyt im phm vi rng (khng phi mt vi v tr c lp) cn thay i loi sn
khc.
6. Bo qun v x l sn
6.1. Bo qun sn v dung mi
Tt c cc loi sn v dung mi pha long cn phi c bo qun trong khu vc thong kh v
khng c kh nng pht nhit, bt la, chp in, hay trc tip di nh sng mt tri. Kho bo
qun phi t tiu chun s dng v thc hin theo vn bn ti liu hng dn ca Nh sn xut.
Sn rt nhy cm vi cc tc ng ca nhit bo qun nh cn trnh bo qun trong kho
nhit bng gi hoc nhit qu cao s lm gim thi gian sng ca sn. Vt liu thng b
ph hy nhit thp nn cn gi nhit khng ng bng. Nhit qu cao s lm gim
thi gian sng (thi hn lu kho hoc thi hn s dng) ca sn. Nu sn phi gi trong 1 mt
khong thi gian di vi lng ln, th hng thng cn phi lt ngc thng cha. Vic ny lm
gim hin tng sa lng cng nh lm hn hp c trn u d dng hn khi dng.
6.1.1. Thng cha sn v cht pha long phi m bo khng m ti khi s dng v thng c
nht phi dng u tin. Hng dn s dng ca Nh sn xut s a ra cc ch tiu lin quan
ti tui th thi hn s dng ca sn. Mng ph ph thuc vo cc nh hng xu khc trong
sut qu trnh bo qun khi cha s dng sn b chuyn sang mu nu sm, b gel ha hoc cc
bin i tnh cht khc trong (b hng) qu trnh lu gi sn th khng nn s dng. Nu nguyn
nhn bin i tnh cht sn. Nu mt vt liu cha xc nh c chnh xc, khng c s
dng cho ti khi c kim tra bi Nh sn xut hoc phng th nghim c lp v tm ra kt qu.
6.1.2. Khi trong thng cha hnh thnh lp mng bao ph, lp mng ny c th nn c loi b.
Nu cm nhn thy lp ph ny qu dy v c nh hng ti kt cu, sn cn li trong thng
khng nn s dng c dng cho ti khi c kim tra v c kt lun chnh thc cho php
dng hay khng.
6.2. Pha trn sn
Sn cn c trn u trong thng cha sch trc khi s dng dng. t ng nht, c
th trn bng my hay bng tay, ton b vt liu phi c vo thng cha sch. Bt mu sau
c ha trn t y trong thng vi cnh khuy mi cho sch, tit din phng, bt mu
dng cc s c b p ph v v trn u trong hn hp. Sn lng c a t t vo thng
cha ng thi c khuy trn, iu ny cng hu ch khi trn hay rt lin tc t mt thng cha
khc cho ti khi hn hp tr nn ng nht. y ca thng cha cn c kim tra hin tng
bt mu cn lng ng. Sn 2 hai thnh phn cn c pha trn bng dng c khuy trn trong
thng cha tng thnh phn ring n ng nht. Sau khi cc thnh phn ng nht, chng
c pha trn bng cch khuy trn theo t l v quy trnh hng dn ca Nh sn xut, l
a phn B vo phn A. Sn lng khng nn pha trn hay gi dng huyn ph bi c th to
bt kh di mt ca lp ph.
6.2.1. Mt s mng ph yu cu lc sau khi pha trn, m bo s ng nht v loi b lp
bc cng nh cc vt liu ngoi. Li lc phi c loi c kh nng loi b lp v mng trn mt
v khng gi li bt mu trn li lc. V d, li lc 297 m thng c dng cho hu ht cc
loi sn, tr mt s loi c bit c yu cu theo ch dn k thut. Thng cha phi c y
np khi khng s dng trnh h thng hao ht do bay hi dung mi v to thnh lp mng
trn mt.
6.2.2. Cht to mng cn phi c khuy trn cho ti khi m bo ng nht, mt s vt liu
yu cu khuy trn ngay c trong qu trnh s dng.
6.3. Pha long
Mt s yu cu k thut cho php pha long cht to mng trong phng th nghim trong khi mt
s khc th khng, y l qu trnh thng dng khi pha long cht to mng.
6.3.1. Mu ban u
Khi c php tin hnh pha long ti v tr lm vic (V d: dung mi t trong cc thng cha
cha m v km theo hng dn s dng ca Nh sn xut), ngi gim st phi gi t nht 1 lt
mu cho mt phng th nghim (ng gim nh) t mi l dung mi cng vi 1 lt mu dung
mi c s dng, ng ring bit trong hai hp. Yu cu c gi i cng vi mu c
cung cp ch dn v t l pha long thch hp cho lp ph.
6.3.2. Pha long sn
Tt c cc ph gia thm vo dung mi pha long phi c thc hin vi s c mt ca ngi
gim st v ch mt t l hoc loi dung mi c cho php ph hp vi tiu chun k thut hay
ch dn ca Nh sn xut, hoc c hai mi c thm vo. Pha long c thc hin bng cch
khong mt na sn c trn k vo thng cha sch. Dung mi ph hp yu cu c
thm vo v hai phn c ha trn cho ti khi to thnh hn hp ng nht.
6.3.3. Th mu sn pha long
Trong qu trnh lm vic, mu sn pha long khng cn phi kim nh tr khi xut hin s
khng ng nht ca lp ph hoc nghi ng c s thay i trong cht pha long.
6.3.3.1. Khi ngi gim st kim tra cht lng sn v c thit b cn thit trong vn phng,
vic kim tra c th thc hin ngay ti ch i vi qu trnh pha long v sn pha long. Tin
pha long c th chp nhn. Ngi gim st cn phi gi bn ghi nh v ton b qu trnh
iu chnh sn, t l pha long, trng lng trn 1 galon ( M bng 3,78 lt, Anh bng 4,54 lt)
v nht. Khi mng ph kh c dy t yu cu, ngi gim st phi xc minh dy cn
thit i vi mng t to ra c mng kh c dy mong mun vi sn pha long.
Gim st vin phi thng xuyn kim tra dy mng t theo tin trnh cng vic vi sn
pha long. Tuy nhin, ph hp vi yu cu k thut phi da trn c s chiu dy mng sn kh
c quy nh.
6.3.3.2. c lng dy mng t ca cht to mng pha long theo yu cu to ra
mng kh c dy quy nh, cn phi bit c gi tr phn trm th tch ca cht rn (khng
bay hi) trong cht to mng ban u. Nh sn xut phi cung cp s liu ny. Vic tnh ton
dy mng t c thc hin theo cng thc sau:
(1)
Trong :
W dy mng t, m ;
PH LC A
(Tham kho)
Danh mc kim tra
Danh mc ti Bng A1 lit k nhng cng vic cn thit kim tra cht lng mng sn trong
cng xng. Mt s chi tit dnh ring cho c th mt s d n. Cc c im k thut ca qu
trnh sn khc nhau phi c loi sn s c s dng. Cc chi tit khc nhau s c m t
trong vn bn hng dn ny.
Bng A1 - Danh mc kim tra
Phng php, thit b kim
I iu kin b mt kim tra Ghi ch
tra
1. Vt hn, ng hn; 1. Quan st, kim tra trc tip; C nhiu loi vt liu, tp cht
nu khng lm sch khi b mt
2. Du, m; 2. Quan st, lau bng gi sch;
s nh hng n tui th ca
3. Phn ha, nm mc; 3. Quan st trc tip hoc lp ph. Gm c du, m, t,
dng knh phng i; vt hn, x hn. cc cht ny
4. Ph bo v tng v tr.
lm mng sn bm dnh km ln
4. Quan st trc tip
b mt kim loi. Vic quan st k
l bc quan trng x l b
mt ph hp cho vic sn ph.
Phng php, thit b kim
II iu kin mi trng
tra
1. Nhit khng kh; 1. Nhit o khng kh; iu kin mi trng phi nm
trong gii hn thch hp cho s
2. Nhit b mt; 2. Nhit o b mt;
bm dnh v to mng sn.
3. Hng, tc gi; 3. Thit b o gi, hoc d bo
thi tit;
4. im sng, RH;
4. m k treo;
5. m quan st.
5. Quan st trc tip.
III An ton lao ng Tham kho
1. Qun o bo h; 1. Tiu chun an ton OSHA; C mt s tiu chun an ton b
tr theo qu trnh sn; cc quy
2. Mt n khng c; 2. Phiu sn phm MSD;
tc an ton phi c theo di,
3. Knh bo h; 3. iu chnh theo tng quc cc iu kin v thc t khng an
gia. ton phi c bo co cho
4. Bo h tai; ngi qun l.