., . . ,MSc,DIC,d.nikolaidis@concentral.

gr



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ISO13822,

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(EN206-1).
(
as built).

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:
,


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. 7

r .

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 12
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()

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 1:

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 1: &

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0

C1 , RH (45%-65%) (>98%)
C2 , ,RH (90% -98%)
C3 , RH (65%-85%)
C4 - RH (75%-90%)

D1
D2 ,
D3 -

S1

S2

S3 .

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O2

H2O

Cl-

CO2

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Ca(OH)2.
(
13). CO2 ,
,
.

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350 -380 ppm 0.00057 -0.00062 Kg/m3

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XC1: (45%RH<65%), 375ppm

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XC1: (45%RH<65%), 1150ppm

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XC1: (45%RH<65%), 1500ppm

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 35
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dc1(mm) = K * (t1) ^0.5

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,
c = 28mm c =
2.3mm.
cb =20.6mm cb
=1.9mm
42
(SLS) 60 .
:
cb(60) = cb(42) (60/42)^0.5 = 24.62mm
cb(60) = cb(42) [cb(60)/cb(42)] = 2.27mm
z60 = c cb60 = 28 24.62 = 3.38m
z60 = (c^2+cb60^2)^0.5 = (2.3^2 +2.27^2)^0.5 = 3.23mm

() 60 : 60 = z60/z60 = 3.38/3.23 =1.046<1.3

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 40
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 pH
,

. :

(deep purple indicators), .

. pH 8.5 9

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 (rainbow indicators)
pH

(206-1).

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 :
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(),

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 ,
.
,
() ,
.
(.. .)

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( Friedell).
C3A .


( ).
(NaCl, CaCl2). To
pH ,
.
DCaCl2=4*DNaCl
Cl/OH-<0.6 (pH>11).

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 (% . )
AASHTO T -260-84: 0.025% .

( - )

% . .

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 50
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 51
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 37 :

80mm 91mm :
Ci =0.0092% Cl .
(C-Ci)0.5 (mm),
:
=-0.0013+0,238,
: Cs =0.2382+0.0092 = 0.0658% Cl . .
Do = (0.238/0.0013)2/(12*t)
t t =31
Do = (0.238/0.0013)2/(12*31) = 90.1mm2/.
0.025% 1 :
1 = (1- ((0.025-0.0092)/(0.0658-0.0092))^0.5 *(12*90,1)^0.5 =15.51mm ()0.5
25mm, :
T =(25/15.51)2 = 2.6 , 3 (2018).

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:

Time to Corrosion Output - Calender Year

Time to exceed threshold level 2018

Time to exceed 50% of threshold level 2017
Time to exceed 200% of threshold level 2045

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RCT .

AgNO3. Quantab.
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: Fe Fe2+ + 2e-
: 02 + H20 + 2e- 2(OH)-
Fe2+ + 2(OH) Fe (OH)2
Fe(OH)2 + O2 FeO Fe3O4

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 m/year

, /cm2

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(%)

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 corr (/cm2)
0


C1 0.01 0.01
C2 , 0.1-0.5 0.2-0.5
C3 0.05-0.1 0.1-0.2
C4 - 0.01-0.2 0.2-0.5


D1 0.1-0.2
D2 , 0.1-0.5
D3 - 0.5-5

S1 0.5-5

S2 0.1-1.0
S3 1-10

.

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 60
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fy (corr) = (1-0.005*25.97)*380 =331 MPa (312MPa) , 5.74%

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 -

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 . LPR .

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quilibrium Moisture Content (EMC %)

4.5% (EMC)

75% (RH)

1 2 3

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1 3

(GPR 1.6/2.3 GHz)

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 1 2

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1 2

3 4

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1

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 1 2 3
100

D H pH
mm mm :D (Kg) KN/mm^2 Mpa L1 L2 L4 1530 cm - Mpa L3 Fcyl. Fcube 1515 cm - Mpa
011 95 127 8 1.34 2035 143.68 0.02 20.28 0.924 0.956 1.03 18.45 1.220 22.51
012 95 133 8 1.40 2124 81.63 0.01 11.52 0.934 0.956 1.03 10.60 1.281 14.524 18.043 13.57
212 95 139 7 1.46 2215 171.62 0.02 24.22 0.942 0.956 1.03 22.47 1.197 26.89
213 95 154 7 1.62 2508 127.04 0.02 17.93 0.942 0.956 1.03 16.63 1.229 20.44
214 95 159 7 1.67 2546 131.42 0.02 18.55 0.942 0.956 1.03 17.21 1.226 18.770 22.809 21.09
412 95 140 7 1.47 2207 90.44 0.01 12.77 0.942 0.956 1.03 11.84 1.263 14.96
413 95 126 7 1.33 1985 88.98 0.01 12.56 0.923 0.956 1.03 11.41 1.269 14.49
414 95 152 7 1.60 2348 78.89 0.01 11.14 0.942 0.956 1.03 10.33 1.282 11.195 14.229 13.24
013 95 116 7 1.22 2220 0 0.00 0.00 0.903 0.956 1.03 0.00 1.300 0.00

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 Depth

1.
pH
(cm)

1 7

2 7
3 9
1 412
4 9
5
6
7
10
10
10

8 10

Depth

2.
pH
(cm)

1 6

pH:
2 6
3 9
2 413
4 9

5 10
6 10
7 10
8

Depth
10

pH
.
(cm)

1 7
2 7
3 9
3 414
4 10
5 10
6 10
7 10
8 10

Depth
pH
(cm)

1 7
2 8
3 9
4 213
4 9
5 9
6 9
7 9
8 10

Depth
pH
(cm)

1 7
2 8
3 9
5 212
4 9
5 9
6 9
7 10
8 11

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 Rebound Hammer Ultrasonic Pulse
Test Velocity Test






(Fm) (Fm) 2
(S) (S) 2
MPa MPa (VR)
MPa MPa (S)
(Fmc)
MPa
MPa
5 14.78 4.23 14.12 1.25 14.63 2.86 0.20
4 15.79 5.13 14.16 0.79 15.57 3.40 0.22
3 23.63 2.65 14.54 1.21 20.78 4.85 0.23
2 25.46 6.03 24.17 3.92 24.95 4.92 0.20
1 22.50 13.89 19.81 0.52 22.40 8.89 0.40
36.61 2.45 19.78 11.65 22.70 12.32 0.54
36.61 2.45 21.23 5.27 26.11 8.71 0.33

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1 2 3

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 1

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 Half
Cell (Khm.cm) /cm2
(mV)
412 -325 56 0.285 2
414 -321 48 0.112 1
411 -345 65 0.051 1
416 -285 72 0.324 2 1
46 -386 74 0.012 1
41 -340 45 0.108 1
42 -327 50 0.180 1
312 -320 55 0.015 1
311 -338 58 0.010 1
314 -334 81 0.360 3
31 -328 38 0.200 2
32 -350 36 0.170 2 2

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28mm , 50 cm
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 % .

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 99
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 Inhibitor Efficiency (%) = 100(CRuninhibited- CRinhibited)/ CRuninhibited

3
Icorr max = 0.27/cm2 Icorr min =0.18/cm2

100
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 1. 2 : efficiency 28%
2. 4 : efficiency 33,5%
3. 6 : efficiency 48%

-

Icorr =8.78/cm2
Cl-=0.32% w.t concrete
pH =6

:
1 :eff = 2%
2 :eff = 2%
3 : eff = -1.85% -

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 Flat Jacks
(
)

102
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 LessLoss- Risk Mitigation for Earthquakes and Landslides.Integrated
Research & Development Project of the European Commission, Contact
No.GOCE-CT-2003-505448;2004.http://www.lessloss.org.
Coronelli D. (2007), Condition Rating of RC structures. Journal of Building
Appraisal,Vol.3, No1., pp 29-51
ISO/DIS 15686-1, Buildings-Service life planning-Part 1 General
Principles. Draft 1998
EN 206-1 Concrete-Part1: Specification, performance, production and
conformity. CEN European Committee for Standardisation, December
2000. REf. No EN 206-1:2000 E. 72 pp.
JCSS Model Code. Joint Committee on Structural Safety.
http://www.jcss.ethz.ch.
LIFECON, Life Cycle Management of Concrete Infrastructures for Improved
Sustainability, Contact No. G1RD-CT-2000-00378 ;2004

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