What is Evaporative Cooling?

Not A New Concept

Concept

In fact it's the oldest known method of cooling hot & dry air to
make living or working spaces more comfortable.
In ancient times, Egyptians hung wet materials , so that
wind could blow through it to create a cooling effect.
Cooling of water in clay pot is perfect example of evaporative
cooling.
Max Cool Pads are
uniform for even air-flow

Switching helps bonding of

engineered fibers to netting. Reduce
sagging and adds lots of strength.
 Why do swimmer feels cold after emerging
from pool?
Water removes heat from our body 7 times faster than air. So
when we get out of the pool our body is wet, because the
water at the surface of our body begins to evaporate and
evaporation causes cooling.
Evaporative Cooling using 2 Natural Elements

&
Air Water
The Principle of Adiabatic Cooling
Adiabatic Saturation
 Types of Evaporative Cooling Media

The aspenpad which is wood fibers packed together loosely

to allow air to pass through . Packed into 2 thick slabs within
a cloth mesh this media has a cooling efficiency of about
50% only and useful life is short only 2- 4 months .

Slab of Expanded paper of 2 thick .This also has a cooling

efficiency of about 50% only and useful life is short as
aspen Pads. The efficiency during the first 10-15 days is
good but sharply drops down to 50 % thereafter.

Media made from cellulose material with wetting agents &

rigidifying saturants, constructed as alternating ,traverse
flutes. Made in different thickness with high efficiency and
useful life is 5 years plus.
 Rigid Media Evaporative Cooling Systems

Ranges from small portable units to large ducted systems for

business and industry.
Meets the increased sensible cooling demand with very low
energy needs.
Cross corrugated Evaporative Cooling Pads maximize the
mixing of air and water for maximum moisture transfer.
Enables consistently cool airflow with lower temperatures.
Wash the Air , removing contaminants and dust that can
cause hay fever and asthma attacks.
 Fluted Rigid Media Evaporative Pads

The latest type of Evaporative Cooling Pads use the

cellulose media with wetting agents and rigidifying saturants,
constructed into alternating ,transverse flutes of 45/45.

The 45 flutes carry the water (introduced over the top of the
media) to the front of the media where the oncoming air
forces it back into the media assisting in thorough wetting of
the media. The air flows through the transverse 45 flutes.

Water flows down the flutes in a thin moving film over the
whole surface of the media due to its wetting properties.

This in turn provides maximum air to water contact surface

area, enhancing the rate of evaporation.
 Methods of Cooling

Fogging Systems/ Spray Type Systems

Evaporative Cooling Pads

Evaporative Cooling Pads

Evaporative Cooing Pads are called so because water gets
evaporated when it comes in contact with the air. It withdraws
the Sensible heat of air as the heat of evaporation. This
process in turn brings down the temperature of air. The air
temperature thus approaches the WBT of the incoming air.

The functioning of Evaporative Pad is very simple. The air is

allowed to pass through the pad and at the same time water
is added at the top through distributor.
 Advantages of Evaporative Cooling :

Low Pay back period

Low Operational costs

Low Maintenance costs

 Performance of ECO~COOL Evaporative Cooling
Pad based system in Major Cities in India
Outside Design Conditions (Summer) Condition of air leaving the media at
92%(3) saturation
City DBT F WBT F RH% Wet Bulb DBT F WBT F
Depression
Ahmedabad 108 75 21 33 77.6 75
Bhopal 106 73 20 33 75.6 73
Indore 106 77 27 29 79.3 77
Dehradun 105 75 25 30 77.4 75
Delhi 110 75 19 35 77.8 75
Jaipur 110 75 19 35 77.8 75
Jodhpur 110 77 23 33 79.6 77
Jaisalmer 111 75 18 36 77.9 75
Bikaner 112 73 15 39 76.1 73
Vijaywada 110 83 33 27 85.2 83
Kota 110 73 16 37 76.0 73
Mumbai 95 83 60 12 84.0 83
Nagpur 112 76 19 36 78.9 76
Evaporative Cooling Pads (ECM)
Why Evaporative Cooling Pads ?
 Cooling Technologies

Refrigerant Based Non-refrigerant Based

Technologies Technologies
Non-refrigerant Based
Vapor
Compression Technologies Free Cooling
Type / Ventilation
Evaporative
Cooling
Vapor Technology
Adsorption Geo
/Absorption Thermal
Direct
Type Cooling
Evaporative
Cooling

Indirect Indirect Direct Desiccant

Dew Point
Evaporative Evaporative Cooling
Cooling
Cooling Cooling Systems
 Adaptive Comfort

Extracted from ASHRAE Standard 55 - 2013

THERMAL ENVIRONMENTAL CONDITIONS FOR HUMAN OCCUPANCY
 Adaptive Comfort

Adaptive Approach - The fundamental concept is to stretch

the range of comfort temperature. Adaptive Approach also
shows that the ambient outside air temperature is the most
important parameter that affects the Comfort Temperature.

It has been widely accepted that by applying a suitable

combination of temperature, humidity, air movement, air
cleanliness and dress protocol, that it is possible to find
human comfort over a wide range of temperatures.

By accepting comfort temperatures around 26 - 30 deg C -

with higher air changes and allied with enhanced air
movement, most of the occupants can be kept within the
comfort zone, while achieving substantial energy savings.
 Why Evaporative Cooling?

Best IAQ Low Operating Cost ( 20% 90 % low Carbon

as comparison to AC Foot Print

New Technology
No Harmful
Low Energy Cost IDEC
Refrigerants
 Innovative E
Evaporative C
Cooling
Solutions R
Range

Desiccant
Cooling
Dew Point Systems
Indirect Cooling (IDEC )
Evaporative Systems
Direct
Systems
Evaporative
(IDEC)
Free Flow/Spot Coolers
Evaporative Coolers
What is Evaporative Cooling ?
 Direct Evaporative Cooling

Water

Outdoor Air Supply Air

Hot & Dry Cool & Fresh

Water evaporates directly into the air stream, thus reducing the air
temperature while humidifying the air.
 Psychometric Representation
Direct Evaporative Cooling

RH %
Constant Wet Bulb

Mositure Content
Enthalpy
2

DBT
Direct Evaporative Cooling

1000 CFM - 100000 CFM

 Direct Evaporative Coolers

Installation at
Automobile Industry Shop Floors Warehouses Offices

Textile Industry Multi-Purpose Halls Paper Mills Malls

Poultry Tea Fermentation Green Houses Hospitals

Temples Restaurants Schools Hotels

Schools
Restaurants
Muti Brand Retail Showroom
Warehouses
Hotel & Resorts
Hospitals
Textile
Kitchen Ventilation
 Indirect Evaporative Cooling ( IDEC) Single Stage

Exhaust Water

DRI Cool Module

Outdoor Air Supply Air
Hot & Dry Cool & Fresh

Secondary Air
Stream
 Psychrometric Representation
Indirect Evaporative Cooling

RH %
Constant Wet Bulb

Mositure Content
Enthalpy

2 1

DBT
 Indirect Evaporative Cooling ( IDEC) Two Stage

Exhaust

Warm Air Cool Air Cooler Air

DRI Cool Module

Primary Air Stream

Secondary Air Stream

Two-stage evaporative air cooling ( DCM + ECM)

 Psychometric Representation

Two-stage evaporative air cooling ( DCM + ECM)

RH %
Constant Wet Bulb

Mositure Content
Enthalpy 3
2 1

DBT
 Indirect Evaporative Cooling ( IDEC) Three Stage

Exhaust

Warm Air Cool Air Cooler Air

Module Conditioned Air
DRI Cool

Primary Air Stream

Secondary Air Stream

Three-stage evaporative air cooling for RH Control Application

Indirect Direct Evaporative Cooling Systems
 Temperature Analysis -Delhi

Level-2 (Direct) Level-3 (Indirect) Level-3 (IDEC+DEC))

City : Delhi
Supply Air Supply Air Supply Air
Outdoor Air

Month DBT (C) WB ((C) DBT ((C) WB ((C) DBT ((C) WB ((C) DBT ((C) WB ((C)

Jan 25.2 15.7 17.1 15.7 18.5 13.1 18.5 13.1

Feb 29.1 16.0 17.9 16.0 19.9 12.5 19.9 12.5

22.1 19.9 23.6 16.1 17.6 16.1

March 34.9 19.9

24.4 21.5 25.7 16.6 18.4 16.6

April 40.9 21.5

24.5 21.1 25.7 1515 17.1

17.1 15
May
May 44.1
44.1 21.1
21.1 24.5 21.1 25.7 17.1 15

June 44 21.9 25.2

25.2 21.9
21.9 26.3
26.3 16.2
16.2 18.2
18.2 16.2
16.2
June 44 21.9

27.0 24.7 28.6 21.4 22.8 21.4

July 40.5 24.7

27.8 26.1 29.5 24 25.1 24

Aug 37.7 26.1

25.7 23.8 27.7 21.2 22.5 21.2

Sept. 36.9 23.8

23.6 21.5 25 18.2 19.5 18.2

Oct. 35.6 21.5

Nov. 31.5 19.4 21.2 19.4 23 16.5 17.8 16.5

Dec. 26.1 16.3 19.24 13.75 19.24 13.75

26.1 16.3
 Temperature Analysis -Mumbai

City : Mumbai Level-2 (Direct) Level-3 (Indirect) Level-3 (IDEC+DEC)

Outdoor Air (1) Supply Air Supply Air Supply Air (3)

Month DBT (C) WB ((C) DBT (C) WB (C) DBT (C) WB (C) DBT (C) WB (C)

Jan 33.3 21 22..8 21.00 24.0 18.09 19.2 18

Feb 35.2 21.4 23.4 21.4 24.4 18 19.3 18

March 36.9 21.5 23.8 21.5 24.8 17.7 19.1 17.7

April
April 36.6
36.6 23.1
23.1 25.1
25.1 23
23.1 26 2020 21.2
21.2 20
20

May
May
35.8
35.8
25.3
25.3
26.8
26.8 25.3
25.3 28.4
28.4 23.3
23.3
24.3
24.3 23.3
23.3
June 34.6 27.1 28.2
28.2
27.1
27.1
27.1 29.7
29.7
25.9 26.6
26.6 25.9
June 34.6 27.1 25.9 25.9

July 32.1 26.8 27.6 26.8 29.3 26.1 26.7 26.1

Aug 32.2 26.4 27.2 26.4 29 15.6 18.3 15.6

Sept. 33.1 26.3 27.3 26.3 29.3 25.3 26.1 25.3

Oct. 35.8 23.6 25.4 23.6 26.6 21 22.1 21

Nov. 35.2 23.4 25.1 23.4 26.3 20.8 21.9 20.8

Dec. 34.1 21 22.9 21.0 24.2 17.9 19.1 17.9

 Temperature Analysis -Pune

City : Pune Level-2 (Direct) Level-3 (Indirect) Level-3 (IDEC+DEC)

Outdoor Air (1) Supply Air Supply Air Supply Air (3)

Month DBT (C) WB (C) DBT (C) WB (C) DBT (C) WB (C) DBT (C) WB (C)

Jan 31.3 17.6 19.6 17.6 20.6 13.7 20.6 13.7

Feb 34.1 17.5 19.9 17.5 20.8 12.67 20.8 12.6

21.2 18.2 22.1 12.54 14.4 12.5

March 37.8 18.2

22 19 23 13.21 15.1 13.2

April
April 39.2
39.2 19 19 22 19 23 13.2 15.1 13.2
23.1
23.1 20.220.2 24
24 16.8
16.8
May
May 39.5
39.5 20.2
20.2 23.1 20.2 24 15 15 16.8 1515

June 36.7 22.7 24.8

24.8 22.722.7 26.2
26.2 19.719.7 2121 19.7
19.7
June 36.7 22.7

24.1 23 25.7 21.5 22.3 21.5

July 30.9 23

24.2 23.2 26.1 22.3 23 22.3

Aug 29.6 23.2

23.9 22.5 25.8 20.7 21.7 20.7

Sept. 31.9 22.5

22.4 20.5 24.3 17.6 18.9 17.6

Oct. 33.2 20.5

21.6 19.8 23.3 17.1 18.3 17.1

Nov. 31.6 19.83

20 18.2 21.8 15.3 16.6 15.3

Dec. 30.2 18.2
 Temperature Analysis -Hyderabad

City : Hyderabad Level-2 (Direct) Level-3 (Indirect) Level-3 (IDEC+DEC)

Outdoor Air (1) Supply Air Supply Air Supply Air (3)

Month DBT (C) WB (C) DBT (C) WB (C) DBT (C) WB (C) DBT (C) WB (C)

Jan 31.4 18.2 20.1 18.2 21.1 14.5 15.8 14.5

Feb 34.9 18.3 20.7 18.3 21.6 13.5 15.1 13.5

23.0 20.4 23.9 17.3

March 38.2 20.4 15.6 15.6

24.9 22.2 25.9 19.2

April
April 40.7
40.7 22.2
22.2 24.9 22.2 25.9
25.9 17.6
17.6 19.2 17.6
17.6

May
May 42.1
42.1 21.9
21.9 24.9
24.9 21.9
21.9 25.9
25.9 16.7
16.7 18.6
18.6 16.7
16.7
June
June
40.5
40.5
40.5
22
2222 24.7
24.7 2222.0 25.7
25.7 17.3
17.3
17.3 19
19 17.3
17.3

July 34 23.4 24.9 23.4 26.5 21.3 22.3 21.3

Aug 32 23.9 25.1 23.9 26.7 22.4 23.3 22.4

Sept. 33.2 23.2 24.7 23.2 26.2 21.2 22.2 21.2

Oct. 33.3 21.1 22.9 21.1 24.1 18.2 19.4 18.2

Nov. 31.2 20.1 21.7 20.1 23.4 17.5 18.7 17.5

Dec. 30 17.9 19.7 17.9 20.9 14.6 15.9 14.6

 Operating Hours - Delhi

Outdoor DBT City : Delhi (No of hrs)

Level -03 (Indirect) Level -03 (Indirect+Direct)

Temp range Hours

Hrs In % Hrs In %

< 20C 2953 3689 42 3973 45

20 22 0 0 0 998 11

22 24 736 998 11 2988 34

24 26 998 1648 19 801 9

26 28 1365 2425 28 0 0

28 30 0 0 0 0 0

30 32 1200 0 0 0 0

32 34 801 0 0 0 0

34 36 0 0 0 0 0

36 > 707 0 0 0 0

8760 8760 100 8760 100

 Operating Hours - Mumbai

Outdoor DBT City : Mumbai (No of hrs)

Level -03 (Indirect) Level -03 (Indirect+Direct)

Temp range Hours

Hrs In % Hrs In %

< 20C 713 713 8 1530 17

20 22 0 817 9 14 0

22 24 817 0 0 2364 27

24 26 1944 1944 22 4851 55

26 28 3047 5285 60 1 0

28 30 0 0 0 0 0

30 32 1804 1 0 0 0

32 34 420 0 0 0 0

34 36 0 0 0 0 0

36 > 15 0 0 0 0

8760 8760 100 8760 100

 Operating Hours - Pune

Outdoor DBT City : Pune (No of hrs)

Level -03 (Indirect) Level -03 (Indirect+Direct)

Temp range Hours

Hrs In % Hrs In %

< 20C 2065 2065 24 3360 38

20 22 0 2208 25 5400 62

22 24 2208 3839 44 0 0

24 26 1835 645 7 0 0

26 28 0 3 0 0 0

28 30 1301 0 0 0 0

30 32 592 0 0 0 0

32 34 383 0 0 0 0

34 36 0 0 0 0 0

36 > 376 0 0 0 0

8760 8760 100 8760 100

Operating Hours - Hyderabad

Outdoor DBT City : Hyderabad (No of hrs)

Level -03 (Indirect) Level -03 (Indirect+Direct)

Temp range Hours

Hrs In % Hrs In %

< 20C 976 976 11 3013 34

20 22 0 1446 17 5747 66

22 24 1446 4636 53 0 0

24 26 2179 1690 19 0 0

26 28 0 12 0 0 0

28 30 1878 0 0 0 0

30 32 1089 0 0 0 0

32 34 579 0 0 0 0

34 36 0 0 0 0 0

36 > 613 0 0 0 0

8760 8760 100 8760 100

 IDEC Vs DEC
RH %
Constant Wet Bulb

Mositure Content
3'
Enthalpy 2 3

5 6

4 1

DBT
1 - Outdoor Air Condition
1-2 Supply Air Condition at outlet of Direct Cooler
2-3 Room Temperatyure achieved with direct cooler
1-4 Fisrts stage of Indirect Cooler
4-5 Second stage of Indirect Cooler
5-6 Room Temperature achieved with IDEC
Illustration with Example
Ambient Condition (T1): New Delhi (43 DBT/23.9WBT)
Air Qunatity: 17000 CMH
Temperature rise due to Room Sensible Heat: 10 deg C

Direct Cooling Process

Temperature at Outlet of Direct Cooler (T2): 26.81C DBT & 23.9C WBT Resultant
Room Temperature (T3): 36.81C DBT & 26.43C WBT

In - Direct Cooling Process

Temperature at Outlet of Direct Cooler (T2): 21C DBT & 19.4C WBT
Resultant Room Temperature (T3): 31C DBT & 22.4C WBT

Working backwards, let us calculate what is the Air Quantity required to achieve
same resultant room temperature as with Indirect Cooling (i.e. 31 deg C)?

The Air Quantity required by Direct Cooler to achieve 31 dec = 40,585 CMH 2.4
times!!!!
 Assumed Sensible Load; 16 TR
Air Quantity: 17000 CMH (10,000 CFM)

CASE 1: DIRECT EVAP % CASE 2: IN-DIRECT

DBT WBT Abs Humidity g/Kg %
COOLER RH EVAP COOLER (TWO DBT WBT Abs Humidity g/Kg
RH
STAGE)

Ambient Temp 43 23.9 19.5 10.6 Ambient Temp 43 23.9 19.5 10.6

Supply Air condition with Supply Air condition with

26.8 23.9 78.8 17.5 21 19.4 86.4 13.5
Direct Cooler In-Direct Cooler

Room Resultant Room Resultant

36.8 26.3 44.2 17.5 31 22.4 47.9 13.5
Condition Condition

Water Consumption 139.3 (Liters / Hour) Water Consumption 106 (Liters / Hour)
 Advantage of IDEC Vs DEC summary
Summer Conditions /Air quantity - 17000 CMH

Outdoor Air Conditions

Additional Cooling Reduction of Addnl TT
Addn
Location
Capacity (kw) /TR)
(kw)/TR) Moisture (%) (Deg C)
DBT C WBT C

Delhi 43.3 23.9 33.1 (9.4)** 59 5.81

Mumbai 35 28.3 7.43 (2.12)** 50.4 1.31

Pune 40 24.4 25.64(7.30)** 60.3 4.5

Hyderabad 41.1 25.6 24.64(7.53)** 61.5 4.33

** - Above is sensible cooling capacity only. The total cooling capacity

obtained with IDEC is much higher.
 Advantages of IDEC
(IDEC - Two stage) vis-a-vis DEC..

Lower supply temperature

with IDEC. Significant Power Saving.

50 - 60 % lower moisture addition in

supply air.
Applicable in Humid & tropical climate,
Coastal zones.

Keeps Indoor climate well within

Lower indoor temp. & RH resulting in Higher Reduced Airflow means less fan power & smaller
ASHRAE standards.
comfort. ducts
 Possible Application

Sports / Stadium Seating arena / Indoor stadiums / Training Areas.

Possible Application

Religious Places
Possible Application

Schools
Possible Application

Cinema Halls
Possible Application

Manufacturing Industries
Possible Application

Warehouses & Godowns

Possible Application

Distribution Centers of FMCG's

 IDEC as an Energy Saving system to compliment the Conventional
Airconditioning Systems.

Treated Fresh Air Systems....(Once thru Systems)

(For commercial buildings having a conventional air conditioning system & involving
Treated fresh air AHU's.)
First Stage Indirect Cooling + Chilled Water or DX cooling coil for 100% Fresh Air
Applications.
For DX application, the Unit can be offered to work with any commercially available
Condensing unit. Humid working air being discharged from IDEC can be allowed to
pass over DX Air cooled condenser coil thereby achieving reduction in discharge
temperature & power consumption.

IDEC can also be integrated into Conventional Air Conditioning Applications.

 IDEC for Pre -Cooling of Fresh Air
(Conventional Air Conditioning)
Exhaust Water

Warm Air Pre-Cool Air Conditioned Air

Module
DRI Cool

Primary Air Stream

Secondary Air Stream

Indirect Evaporative Cooling (DCM + Cooling Coil)

 Advantages of IDEC
(Indirect + ECM) vis-a-vis Conventional Air Conditioning.....

Low Capital Cost

Low Running Cost Power Saving

RH Regulation Door & Window can be left open Good IAQ & 100 % Fresh Air
 Advantage of IDEC as Pre-Cooler for Fresh Air
Summer Conditions /Air quantity - 17000 CMH

Outdoor Air Supply Air

Desired
Conditions Conditions
Condition Cooling Saving
(**) Cooling Power after IDEC PowerSS
Power
Coil Cooling Power
Location Coil Consumption aving
Load Coil Load (kw)
DBT C/WBT Load (tons) (kw) (kw)
(tons) tons))
(tons
DBT C/RH % DBT C/WBT C
C

27.8/19.4
Delhi 43.3/23.9 15/95 48.7 43.8 23.2 25.5
25.5 20.9 22.9
Mumbai 35/28.3 15/95 80.3 72.3 30.9/27.4 73.4 6.9 66.1 6.2
Pune 40/24.4 15/95 52.1 46.9 27.5/20.9 31.6 20.5 28.4 18.5
Hyderabad 41.1/25.6 15/95 60.1 54.1 28.7/22.3 39.6 20.5 35.6 18.5

**- At Summer Design Conditions

 Summary...

IDEC offers many advantages for Cooling Applications vis-a-vis Direct Coolers .
To satisfy the same Room heat load IDEC Equipment will offer
Significantly lower resultant room temperature,
Less Moisture addition (Lower absolute humidity) & improved Room RH.
Lower water consumption.

IDEC also can be applied to Conventional Air Conditioning Equipment as pre-

cooling device for fresh air cooling purpose wherever Energy recovery from
Exhaust Air is not possible.
Questions??
 THANK YOU

VINOD RAMNANI
BUSINESS HEAD - ARCTIC
DESSICANT ROTOR INTERNATIONAL