Casiano, Mark Johnel T.

STEM - Charity

ANSWERS:

A. HEAT AND TEMPERATURE

1. Yes, because if the door is opened, then the temperature of the room gets cooled
due to convection. The air molecules travel through the opened door by the process of
convection thus, the person is letting in cold air.
2. Kelvin scale doesnt have an upper reference point because phase changes require
a lot more energy than just a temperature change. The energy required for water to go
from a liquid to a gas is called the heat of vaporization. When steam hits your skin, a lot
of energy will be released as it condenses into a liquid, undergoing a phase change.
3. Yes. Although it is sometimes necessary for a car to be equipped with a second, or
auxiliary radiator to increase the cooling capacity, when the size of the original radiator
cannot be increased. The second radiator is plumbed in series with the main radiator in
the circuit. Some engines have an oil cooler, a separate small radiator to cool the engine
oil. Cars with an automatic transmission often have extra connections to the radiator,
allowing the transmission fluid to transfer its heat to the coolant in the radiator. Less
commonly, power steering fluid, brake fluid, and other hydraulic fluids may be cooled by
an auxiliary radiator on a vehicle. Turbo charged or supercharged engines may have an
intercooler, which is an air-to-air or air-to-water radiator used to cool the incoming air
chargenot to cool the engine.
4. Aerosol cans consist of steel or aluminum containers fitted with a plastic valve
designed to discharge their contents as a fine mist, spray or stream. They usually
contain liquid or powder product and a liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) propellant. The
propellant creates the pressure necessary to eject the liquid or powder product in the
desired form and is flammable. In many cases the liquid content is also flammable.
When exposed to flame, aerosol containers experience temperatures and pressures
significantly higher than they were designed to resist, causing them to rupture. This
occurs when the gas and liquid inside expands when heated increasing the pressure
inside the container until the container cannot hold it anymore and ruptures. The
contents of the can may be a flammable liquid that is vaporized by the heat and loss of
containment. This gas or vapor may ignite causing an explosion or flash fire.
 5.

A. You cant get something for nothing relates to the First Law of Thermodynamics, in
terms of energy, the total energy of a closed system is conserved, where a "system" is
defined as a prescribed object or set of and a "closed system" is a system that does not
exchange energy with its environment. The total energy is the sum of the internal
energy of the molecules, potential and kinetic or mechanical energy.

B. You cant even break even, one of The Three Laws of Thermodynamics that
Ginsbergs Restated that relates to the consequence of the Second Law of
Thermodynamics.

C. You cant sink that low, also relates to the Second Law of Thermodynamics, which
implies that it is impossible to construct a heat pump which will transfer heat from a low
temperature reservoir to a high temperature reservoir without using external work. In
other words, It is impossible for heat to flow from a low temperature to a high
temperature without external work.

6. The Second Law of Thermodynamics is not violated because entropy can decrease locally.
The amount of disorder in a system can go down if energy is sucked away. The demands of
entropy are such that the heat in a shot of liquid water cant just remain inside the water if the
environment around it is a swirling blizzard of numbing cold. The meager amount of heat in a
tiny glass of water will naturally spread itself out. The pull of entropy on the heat in a glass of
water is greater than the pull of entropy keeping its atoms chaotic.

B. WAVES

1. In my own definition, the meaning of sound is a wave that travelled into the air then
when it reaches our ear it will hit our eardrum and then it goes to our brain therefore creating a
sound to exist. So if there is no one around to hear it, there will be no sound.
2. We cannot hear the sound of dropping hammer in the moon. Sound waves are
mechanical waves and they propagate by transferring energy from one particle to the other in
the surrounding media. Theres also a need for media to propagate. Since moon does not
contain this kind of environment, sound waves cannot propagate.
Special system is used in able to communicate with the Astronauts. They wear helmets which
contain special devices that transfer sound waves in the form of radio waves to other
astronauts or to space station and which also contain receiver to hear other astronauts.
3. Our eye can detect visible radiation only and we cannot detect UV radiation because we
do our eyes do not have sensory receptors for UV radiation. Residual amounts of UV radiation
still enter our environment. This is UV exposure can result in skin cancer. So, we can indirectly
detect the effects of UV radiation.
4. . Yes, but only a portion of it: he can still hear the sound and feel the vibrations traveling
through the structure of the plane itself. Sound needs a medium to propagate. In this case this
medium is the aircraft itself and the air in his cockpit. Because the medium remains static to
both the engine and the pilot, the waves propagate with their 'normal' speed and are not
influenced by the fact that the entire system is flying faster than the speed of sound relative to
the outside air.
5. When we sing in a shower, we hear clear and rich tones. This is because the room is
small with a smooth surfaces which enhance the richness of the sound. The close-walls also
produce echo effect to enhance sound quality.
6.

C. Electricity and Magnetism

1. Static cling is an annoying effect from static electricity. Static cling is when clothes cling
together after being removed from the dryer. It is caused by rubbing the various materials
together when they are very dry. This problems can be reduced by treating the materials or
eliminating the static electricity that causes them.
2. Auto headlights are wired in parallel. Then when one burns out, the other remains lit. If
you've ever seen an automobile with one burned out headlight, you have evidence they're
wired in parallel.

3. Your heart needs as little as 5 microamps of current flow to cause your heart to stop.
keeping 1 hand in your pocket or away from the circuit, prevents your body from becoming a
path from the circuit to ground. Preventing grounding causes electrical current from flowing in
and around your body.
4. Household circuits are wired in parallel, and for resistances connected in parallel, the
total resistance is always less than the smallest parallel resistance. Resistances may be added,
but the total resistance is restricted to less than the smallest resistance, so there is more
current.
5. The sum of the currents through each path is equal to the total current that flows from
the source. You can find total resistance in a Parallel circuit with the following formula: 1/Rt =
1/R1 + 1/R2 + 1/R3. If one of the parallel paths is broken, current will continue to flow in all the
other paths.
6. When you cut a bar magnet in half, it will create two smaller magnets, each with their
own north and south poles. The dual polarity of magnets is part of their fundamental nature.
It's analogous to breaking apart two Legos; each will still have a top and a bottom. Magnetized
objects contain grains of magnetized material throughout their structure. The way these grains
are aligned creates a magnetic field with two poles (north and south), regardless of their size or
orientation. If you were to connect two bar magnets together end to end by their attracting
sides, you would essentially have one magnet with one magnetic field.

7. A transformer has two coils, a primary coil, where the input voltage and current are fed,
and an output coil, which turns out the processed voltage and the current, connected to the
load. These coils are made up of copper, and therefore have almost zero resistance.
Transformers work on the principle of electromagnetic induction, that is, as long as there's a
change in the current flowing through either of the coil, an emf will be induced in the other coil.
If the current becomes constant, the emf will disappear. When you connect the primary coil to
an AC supply, the current changes constantly, and you continuously get an emf in the other coil.
Not exactly rocket science.