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PROGRAMME DU DIPLME DU BI
PROGRAMA DEL DIPLOMA DEL BI
MARKSCHEME
November 2007
MATHEMATICS
Higher Level
Paper 3
26 pages
2 N07/5/MATHL/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M+
Instructions to Examiners
Abbreviations
M Marks awarded for attempting to use a correct Method; working must be seen.
(M) Marks awarded for Method; may be implied by correct subsequent working.
A Marks awarded for an Answer or for Accuracy: often dependent on preceding M marks.
(A) Marks awarded for an Answer or for Accuracy; may be implied by correct subsequent working.
1 General
Write the marks in red on candidates scripts, in the right hand margin.
Show the breakdown of individual marks awarded using the abbreviations M1, A1, etc.
Write down the total for each question (at the end of the question) and circle it.
Do not automatically award full marks for a correct answer; all working must be checked, and marks
awarded according to the markscheme.
It is not possible to award M0 followed by A1, as A mark(s) depend on the preceding M mark(s), if any.
Where M and A marks are noted on the same line, e.g. M1A1, this usually means M1 for an attempt to
use an appropriate method (e.g. substitution into a formula) and A1 for using the correct values.
Where the markscheme specifies (M2), N3, etc., do not split the marks.
Once a correct answer to a question or part-question is seen, ignore further working.
3 N marks
4 Implied marks
Implied marks appear in brackets e.g. (M1), and can only be awarded if correct work is seen or if implied in
subsequent working.
Follow through (FT) marks are awarded where an incorrect answer from one part of a question is used
correctly in subsequent part(s). To award FT marks, there must be working present and not just a final
answer based on an incorrect answer to a previous part.
If the question becomes much simpler because of an error then use discretion to award fewer FT marks.
If the error leads to an inappropriate value (e.g. sin 1.5 ), do not award the mark(s) for the final
answer(s).
Within a question part, once an error is made, no further dependent A marks can be awarded, but M
marks may be awarded if appropriate.
Exceptions to this rule will be explicitly noted on the markscheme.
6 Mis-read
If a candidate incorrectly copies information from the question, this is a mis-read (MR). Apply a MR
penalty of 1 mark to that question. Award the marks as usual and then write 1(MR) next to the total.
Subtract 1 mark from the total for the question. A candidate should be penalized only once for a particular
mis-read.
If the question becomes much simpler because of the MR, then use discretion to award fewer marks.
If the MR leads to an inappropriate value (e.g. sin 1.5 ), do not award the mark(s) for the final
answer(s).
An examiner uses discretion to award a mark on the rare occasions when the markscheme does not cover the
work seen. The mark should be labelled (d) and a brief note written next to the mark explaining this
decision.
8 Alternative methods
Candidates will sometimes use methods other than those in the markscheme. Unless the question specifies a
method, other correct methods should be marked in line with the markscheme. If in doubt, contact your team
leader for advice.
Alternative methods for complete questions are indicated by METHOD 1, METHOD 2, etc.
Alternative solutions for part-questions are indicated by EITHER . . . OR.
Where possible, alignment will also be used to assist examiners in identifying where these alternatives
start and finish.
5 N07/5/MATHL/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M+
9 Alternative forms
f ( x) 2cos (5 x 3) 5 10cos (5 x 3) A1
10 Accuracy of Answers
If the level of accuracy is specified in the question, a mark will be allocated for giving the answer to the
required accuracy.
Candidates should be penalized once only IN THE PAPER for an accuracy error (AP). Award the marks
as usual then write (AP) against the answer. On the front cover write 1(AP). Deduct 1 mark from the total
for the paper, not the question.
If there is no working shown, and answers are given to the correct two significant figures, apply the AP.
However, do not accept answers to one significant figure without working.
If a candidate has drawn a line through work on their examination script, or in some other way crossed out
their work, do not award any marks for that work.
12 Examples
SECTION A
57 75
1. (a) P(X 57) P Z (M1)
12
P (Z 1.50) 0.0668 A1
(same value from tables)
[2 marks]
50 45
(b) P Z 0.7 (M1)
50 45
0.5244 A1
50 45
0.5244
9.53 A1
[3 marks]
83.7 75
t 3.8817 (M1)(A1)
7.08754...
10
EITHER
critical value at the 5 % level 9 is 1.833 . A1
3.8817 1.833 hence reject H 0 and accept H1 R1
OR
p-value 0.00186 so reject H 0 since 0.00186 0.05 A1R1
[6 marks]
2. (a) METHOD 1
H0 : distribution is B(6,0.5); H1 : distribution is not B(6,0.5) A1
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Observed
1 5 26 37 18 12 1
frequency
25 150 375 500 375 150 25
Expected
frequency 16 16 16 16 16 16 16
1.5625 9.375 23.4375 31.25 23.4375 9.375 1.5625
25
E0 100(0.5)6 0.015625 A3
16
Combining the first two columns and the last two columns: A1
2 O2
E
E
62 262 37 2 182 132
100 (M1)
175 375 500 375 175
16 16 16 16 16
5.22 A1
2
4 , so critical value of 5% 9.488 A1A1
Since 5.22 9.488 the result is not significant and we accept H 0 R1
[10 marks]
METHOD 2
H0 : distribution is B(6,0.5); H1 : distribution is not B(6,0.5) A1
By GDC, p 0.266 A8
Since 0.266 0.05 the result is not significant and we accept H 0 . R1
[10 marks]
(b) Estimate p from the data which would entail the loss of one degree of freedom A1A1
[2 marks]
continued
8 N07/5/MATHL/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M+
Question 2 continued
(c) METHOD 1
H0 : there is no association H1 : there is an association A1
2
3, 5%
(3) 7.815 A1A1
Since 15.7 7.815 we reject H 0 R1
[8 marks]
METHOD 2
H0 : there is no association H1 : there is an association A1
By GDC, p 0.00129 A6
Since 0.00129 0.05 we reject H 0 . R1
[8 marks]
3. (a) EITHER
Median, m satisfies
m
x x m 1
e dx e M1A1
0 0 2
m 1
1 e
2
m 1
e A1
2
m
e 2
ln 2 1
m ln 2 m ; mean is A1
Hence mean > median AG
OR
1
1 x
P X e dx M1A1
0
1
x
e A1
0
1
1 e 0.6321 A1
Hence mean > median AG
[4 marks]
0.1x
(b) (i) f ( x) 0.1e
0.1 x 0.1 x
P(X 20) 0.1e dx e M1A1
20 20
e2
0.135 A1
continued
10 N07/5/MATHL/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M+
(ii) EITHER
(0.1) (50 20)
P(next butterfly within 50 seconds of first) 1 e M1A1
3
1 e
0.950 A1
OR
Using the memoryless property,
P (T 50 T 20) P (0 T 30) M1
30 0.1t
0.1e dt A1
0
3
1 e 0.950 A1
OR
P (20 T 50)
P (T 50 T 20) M1
P (T 20)
50 0.1t
0.1e dt
20
2
A1
e
2 5
e e
2
0.950 A1
e
[6 marks]
t
(c) (i) e 36 A1
(ii) 1 F (t ) P (T t) M1
P (no goals scored in 0, t ) R1
t
36
F (t ) 1 e A1
1 36t
f (t ) e A1
36
So T follows an exponential distribution. AG
[5 marks]
4. (a) METHOD 1
p (1 p )
Lower 95 % significance level value 0.2297 p 1.96 .
225
x
where p M1A1
225
p (1 p )
(OR upper 95 % significance level value 0.3481 p 1.96 )
225
p (1 p )
0.2297 p 1.96
225
1.96
p 0.2297 p (1 p )
15
By GDC p 0.28892... A1
x 225 0.2889...
x 65 A1
[4 marks]
METHOD 2
x
Interval is symmetric about M1A1
225
x 0.2297 0.3481
So 0.2889 A1
225 2
x 65 A1
[4 marks]
(i) For Amanda, X is the number of heads obtained when the coin is tossed.
X B(3, p)
P (Type I error) P ( X 0 or X 3) M1
1 1 1
0.250 A1
8 8 4
SECTION B
(ii) S2 x 2 divides x
2, 4, 6, ...
hence S2 1, 3, 5, ... A1
(iii) S3 x 3 divides x
3, 6, 9, ... A1
hence S2 S3 6, 12, 18, ... A1
(iv) S6 x 6 divides x
6, 12, 18, ... A1
hence S6 \ S3 S6 S3 M1A1
[7 marks]
(b) ( A \ B) ( B \ A) ( A B ) (B A ) M1
A (B A) B (B A) A1
(A B) (A A) (B B) (B A) A1
(A B) (B A )
(A B) (B A)
(A B) ( A B) A1
(A B) \ ( A B) AG
Note: It is possible to start from the right-hand side.
[4 marks]
3. (a) On ] , 1], x 2 ( x 2) M1
2
f ( x) x x 2
f ( x) 2x 1
2
1 9
x A1
2 4
9
Range is , A1
4
(b) ln[ 2, [, x 2 x 2,
so g ( x) x2 x 2, g ( x) 2 x 1 and g ( x) 0 A1
ln[1, 2], x 2 2 x ,
so g ( x) x2 x 2, g ( x) 2 x 1 and g ( x) 0 A1
1
So g is bijective and has an inverse g . R1AG
2
1 9
ln ]1, 2[ , y x2 x 2 x M1A1
2 4
9 1
x y A1
4 2
9 1
Hence g 1 ( x) x on [0, 4] A1
4 2
2
1 9
ln ]2, [,y x2 x 2 x A1
2 4
9 1
x y A1
4 2
9 1
Hence g 1 ( x) x on [0, 4] A1
4 2
[10 marks]
4. (a) P Q R T
*
P P Q R T
Q Q R T P A3
R R T P Q
T T P Q R
Note: Award A2 if one is wrong, A1 if two are wrong, A0 if three or more are wrong.
T1 T ; T 2 R ; T3 Q ; T4 P A2
continued
16 N07/5/MATHL/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M+
Question 4 continued
x x1 x x1 sxx 1
0 M1
x 1 (1 sx) x
x
x1 A1
1 sx
1
There is no inverse for x t A1
s
Using
x x 2 x sx 2 0 M1
2
x 0, A1
s
[13 marks]
SECTION C
Series and differential equations
Range , A1
2 2
q 2 r q 2 r (r 1) q 2 4
(c) (i) p r (1 x ) pr 1 r x x M1A1
p p 2 p2
1 1 r (r 1) 2 1
(ii) Equating: p r 1 p 1; rq q ; q M1
2 2r 2 8
r (r 1) 1 1 r 1
2
1 M1
2 4r 8 r
r 1 r
1
r ;q 1 A1
2
Series is (1 x2 )1/ 2
The same function is being considered in (b) and (c) R1
2 2 1/ 2
since cos(arcsin x) cos arccos (1- x ) (1 x ) R1 [7 marks]
ln ( a 2 x 2 ) ln a 2
2. (a) lim M1A1
x 0 ln ( a x 3 ) ln a
2ln a
2 A1
ln a
[3 marks]
2x
ln (1 x 2 ) 2
(b) lim lim 1 x M1A1
x 0 ln (1 x2 ) x 0 2x
1 x2
(1 x 2 )
lim 1 A1
x 0 (1 x 2 )
[3 marks]
2 x 2 2cos x 2 x 2sin x
(c) lim lim M1A1
x 0 e x e x 2cos x x 0 e e x 2sin x
x
2 2cos x
lim A1
x 0 e e x 2cos x
x
4
A1
4
1 AG
" 4"
Note: The expression must be shown to obtain the A1.
4
[4 marks]
3. (a) y vx
dy dv
v x F (v) M1
dx dx
dv
x F (v ) v A1
dx
dv dx
This is separable, i.e. A1
F (v ) v x
[3 marks]
(b) X x 1, Y y 2
dy dY ( X 1) 3(Y 2) 7
M1A1
dx dX 3( X 1) (Y 2) 1
Y
1 3
dY X 3Y X
= A1
dX 3 X Y Y
3
X
Using Y vX
Y
1 3
dv X = 1 3v
v X A1
dX Y 3 v
3
X
dv 1 3v
X v
dX 3 v
dv 1 3v 3v v 2 1 v 2
X M1A1
dX 3 v 3 v
dX 3 v
dv A1
X 1 v2
1
ln X 3arctan v ln (1 v 2 ) C A1A1
2
1
Note: Award A1 for 3arctan v and A1 for ln (1 v 2 ) .
2
2
y 2 1 y 2
ln x 1 3arctan ln 1 C A1A1
x 1 2 x 1
4. (a) (i)
1 a 1 dx 1 1 1
M1A1
(a 1) a x 2 a a 1
a 1 dx a 1 a 1
ln x a
ln A1
a x a
1 a 1 1 1 1
ln AG
a 1 a 2 a a 1
(ii) Putting a 1 M1
1 3
ln 2 AG
2 4
a 1
(iii) If ln 3 ln M1
a
3a a 1
1
a A1
2
2 1 2 4
p ,q 2 A1
3 2 3 3
[8 marks]
continued
21 N07/5/MATHL/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M+
Question 4 continued
Summing
1 1 1
H n 1 ln n Hn ( H n 1) A1
2 n 2
1 1
H n 1 ln n Hn AG
2 2n
[5 marks]
SECTION D
Discrete mathematics
1001
1rem489
512
489
7rem41
64
41
5rem1
8
1001ten 17518 M1A1
OR
8 1001 1
8 125 5
8 15 7
1
1001ten 17518 M1A1
But
(8n 1) (7 1)n 1 multiple of 7 R1
OR (8n 1) (8 1)(8n 1
8n 2
8n 3
... 1) multiple of 7
continued
23 N07/5/MATHL/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M+
Question 1 continued
(b) Let m 9 5 45
m m
M1 5; M 2 9 M1A1
9 5
Solving 5x1 1(mod9) x1 2(mod9) A1
9x2 1(mod5) x2 4(mod5) A1
So x 4 5 2 3 9 4(mod 45) A1
148(mod 45)
13(mod 45) A1
[6 marks]
2. (a)
Note: Award A4 if all other edges are correct, A3 if one wrong, A2 if two wrong,
A1 if three wrong, A0 if four wrong.
[7 marks]
(b)
C
D E
3
2 3 4 H
3 1
A 2
4
B
F I
G A1
Minimum spanning tree T
Total weight 2 3 4 3 1 3 4 2 22 A1
[2 marks]
Total [9 marks]
24 N07/5/MATHL/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M+
3. (a) Since every edge has two ends it must contribute exactly 2 to the degree sum. A1
(b) Let V1 and V2 be the sets of even degree vertices and odd degree vertices in G respectively.
Then 2e deg (v) deg (v) M1A1
v V1 v V2
Since the right hand side is even and deg (v) is even then deg (v) must be even. R1
v V1 v V2
But each term of deg (v) is odd so there must be an even number of such terms, R1
v V2
continued
25 N07/5/MATHL/HP3/ENG/TZ0/XX/M+
Question 3 continued
So deg (v) 2v 4 M1
v V
Hence
(n , d ) (1, 6), (2, 5), (3, 4), (5, 2)or (6, 1) A1A1A1
(ii)
n 1, d 6 n 2, d 5
n 3, d 4 n 5, d 2
n 6, d 1
A1A1A1A1A1
[14 marks]
4 x 3(mod 7)
x 45 3(mod7) A1
x 3072(mod 7)
x 6(mod 7) A1
(ii) 56 1(mod9) M1
6 25
(5 ) 1(mod9) A1
6 25 5 5
(5 ) 5 5 (mod9) A1
155
5 (mod9) 2(mod9) A1
so last digit is 2
[9 marks]