TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

ESTE LIPIT (2007 2017)

NM 2007

Cu 1. (Cu 29. Cao ng 2007) S hp cht n chc, ng phn cu to ca nhau c cng cng
thc phn t C4H8O2, u tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH l:
A. 5. B. 3. C. 6. D. 4.
Cu 2. (Cu 30. Cao ng 2007) Este X khng no, mch h, c t khi hi so vi oxi bng 3,125 v
khi tham gia phn ng x phng ha to ra mt anehit v mt mui ca axit hu c. C bao nhiu cng
thc cu to ph hp vi X?
A. 2. B. 5. C. 3. D. 4
Cu 3. (Cu 41. Cao ng 2007) un 12 gam axit axetic vi 13,8 gam etanol (c H2SO4 c lm xc
tc) n khi phn ng t ti trng thi cn bng, thu c 11 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ha
l:
A. 55% B. 50% C. 62,5% D. 75%
Cu 4. (Cu 36. i Hc KA 2007) Hn hp X gm axit HCOOH v axit CH3COOH t l mol 1:1.
Ly 5,3 gam hn hp X tc dng vi 5,75 gam C2H5OH c xc tc H2SO4 c thu c m gam hn hp
este (hiu sut ca cc phn ng este ha u bng 80%). Gi tr ca m l:
A. 8,10. B. 10,12. C. 16,20. D. 6,48.
Hng dn gii:
y c gi l dng ton ng mol nn ta coi 2 axit nh 1 axit trung bnh R COOH
M HCOOH + MCH3COOH 46 + 60
V M RCOOH = = = 53 R = 53 45 = 8
2 2
R COOH + C2H5OH R COOC2H5 + H2O
0,1 0,1
5,3
S mol hai axit: n 2Axit = = 0,1 mol = nEste v este chnh l: R COOC2H5
53
80
Nn khi lng este l: mEste = mRCOOC H = 0,1(8 +12+ 32+29) = 6,48 gam
2 5
100
Cu 5. (Cu 51. i Hc KA 2007) Khi thc hin phn ng este ha 1 mol CH3COOH v 1 mol
C2H5OH, lng este ln nht thu c l 2/3 mol. t hiu sut cc i l 90% (tnh theo axit) khi
tin hnh este ha 1 mol CH3COOH cn s mol C2H5OH l (bit cc phn ng este ha thc hin cng
nhit ):
A. 0,456. B. 2,412. C. 2.925. D. 0,342.
Hng dn gii:
CH3COOH + C2H5OH H+ , t 0C
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
Trc phn ng: 1 mol 1 mol
Phn ng: 2/3 2/3 2/3 2/3
Cn bng: 1/3 1/3 2/3 2/3
2 2

[CH3COOC 2H 5 ][H 2O] 3 3
Kcb = = =4
[CH3COOH][C 2H 5OH] 1 1
3 3
Theo iu kin bi ton ta c: CH3COOH + C2H5OH CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
H+ , t 0C

Trc phn ng: 1 mol 1 mol

Phn ng: 0,9 x0,9 0,9 0,9
Cn bng: 0,1 x0,9 0,9 0,9
[CH3COOC 2H 5 ][H 2O] 0,9 0,9
Kcb = = = 4 x = 2,925 (mol)
[CH3COOH][C 2H 5OH] 0,1 (x 0,9)

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 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC
Cu 6. (Cu 56. i Hc KA 2007) Mt este c cng thc phn t l C4H6O2, khi thy phn trong
mi trng axit thu c axetanehit. Cng thc cu to thu gn ca este l:
A. HCOOCH=CHCH3. B. CH3COOCH=CH2.
C. CH2=CHCOOCH3. D. HCOOC(CH3)=CH2.
Cu 7. (Cu 24. i Hc KB 2007) X l mt este no n chc, c t khi hi i vi CH4 l 5,5. Nu
em un 2,2 gam este X vi dung dch NaOH (d), thu c 2,05 gam mui. Cng thc cu to thu gn
ca X l:
A. HCOOCH2CH2CH3. B. C2H5COOCH3. C. CH3COOC2H5. D. HCOOCH(CH3)2.
Cu 8. (Cu 43. i Hc KB 2007) Hai este n chc X v Y l ng phn ca nhau. Khi ho hi
1,85 gam X, thu c th tch hi ng bng th tch ca 0,7 gam N2 (o cng iu kin). Cng thc
cu to thu gn ca X v Y l:
A. HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3. B. C2H3COOC2H5 v C2H5COOC2H3.
C. C2H5COOCH3 v HCOOCH(CH3)2. D. HCOOCH2CH2CH3 v CH3COOC2H5.
Hng dn gii:
0, 7 1,85
VX = VN2 (cng iu kin) n X = n N2 = = 0,025 mol, MEste = = 74.
28 0, 025
T 4 p n ta bit c y l este no n chc nn ta t cng thc este l: CnH2nO2.
Ta c: MEste = 74 = 14n + 32 n = 3 C3H6O2 nn ta chn A
Cu 9. (Cu 28. Cao ng 2007) Cho cht X tc dng vi mt lng va dung dch NaOH, sau
c cn dung dch thu c cht rn Y v cht hu c Z. Cho Z tc dng vi AgNO3 (hoc Ag2O) trong
dung dch NH3 thu c cht hu c T. Cho cht T tc dng vi dung dch NaOH li thu c cht Y.
Cht X c th l:
A. HCOOCH=CH2. B. CH3COOCH=CH2.
C. HCOOCH3. D. CH3COOCH=CH-CH3.
Hng dn gii:
X + NaOH Rn Y + Cht hu c Z
Cocan

(1) AgNO3/NH3
NaOH (3) (2)
Cht hu c T
T (1) ta thy X l este, Y l mui v Z l anehit (do trng gng) X c dng l: R1COOH=CHR2
T (2) T l mui amoni
T (3) T v Z phi c cng s nguyn t cacbon
tha mn cc iu kin trn ta chn X l: CH3COOCH=CH2;
Y(CH3COONa); Z(CH3CHO); T(CH3COONH4)
Cu 10. (Cu 54. Cao ng 2007) trung ha lng axit t do c trong 14 gam mt mu cht bo
cn 15ml dung dch KOH 0,1M. Ch s axit ca mu cht bo trn l:
A. 4,8 B. 7,2 C. 6,0 D. 5,5
Cu 11. (Cu 12. i Hc KA 2007) Thy phn hon ton 444 gam mt lipit thu c 46 gam
glixerol (glixerin) v hai loi axit bo l:
A. C15H31COOH v C17H35COOH. B. C17H31COOH v C17H33COOH.
C. C17H33COOH v C15H31COOH. D. C17H33COOH v C17H35COOH.
Cu 12. (Cu 35. i Hc KA 2007) X phng ha 8,8 gam etyl axetat bng 200 ml dung dch NaOH
0,2M. Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch thu c cht rn khan c khi lng l:
A. 8,56 gam. B. 8,2 gam. C. 3,28 gam. D. 10,4 gam.
Cu 13. (Cu 46. i Hc KB 2007) Thy phn este c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 (vi xc tc axit),
thu c 2 sn phm hu c X v Y. T X c th iu ch trc tip ra Y. Vy cht X l:
A. ru metylic. B. etyl axetat. C. axit fomic. D. ru etylic.
Cu 14. (Cu 27. i Hc KB 2007) Cho glixerol (glixerin) phn ng vi hn hp axit bo gm
C17H35COOH v C15H31COOH, s loi trieste c to ra ti a l:
A. 6. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.

NM 2008

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 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC
Cu 1. (Cu 1. Cao ng 2008) Este n chc X c t khi hi so vi CH4 l 6,25. Cho 20 gam X tc
dng vi 300 ml dung dch KOH 1M (un nng). C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c 28 gam cht
rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. CH3CH2COOCH=CH2. B. CH2=CHCH2COOCH3.
C. CH3COOCH=CHCH3. D. CH2=CHCOOCH2CH3.
Hng dn gii:
20
MX = 100; nX = = 0,2 mol, nKOH = 0,3 mol, v do nX < nKOH nn tnh theo X (este)
100
RCOOR + KOH t0
RCOOK + ROH v, nKOH d = 0,3 0,2 = 0,1 mol.
0,2 0,2 0,2
Ta c m(cht rn) = maxit + m(KOH)d 28 = (R + 83) 0,2 + 560,1 R = 29 nn R l (C2H5)
R = 100 (12 + 16 + 16) 29 = 27 nn R l (C2H3)
Ta c este cn tm l C2H5COOC2H3,
Cu 2. (Cu 4. Cao ng 2008) Hai cht hu c X1 v X2 u c khi lng phn t bng 60 vC.
X1 c kh nng phn ng vi: Na, NaOH, Na2CO3. X2 phn ng vi NaOH (un nng) nhng khng
phn ng Na. Cng thc cu to ca X1, X2 ln lt l:
A. CH3COOH, HCOOCH3. B. CH3COOH, CH3COOCH3.
C. HCOOCH3, CH3COOH. D. (CH3)2CHOH, HCOOCH3.
Cu 3. (Cu 13. Cao ng 2008) Mt hn hp X gm hai cht hu c n chc. Cho X phn ng va
vi 500 ml dung dch KOH 1M. Sau phn ng, thu c hn hp Y gm hai mui ca hai axit
cacboxylic v mt ru (ancol). Cho ton b lng ru thu c trn tc dng vi Na (d), sinh ra
3,36 lt H2 ( ktc). Hn hp X gm:
A. mt axit v mt ru. B. mt este v mt ru.
C. hai este. D. mt axit v mt este.
Cu 4. (Cu 6. i Hc KA 2008) S ng phn este ng vi cng thc phn t C4H8O2 l:
A. 5. B. 2. C. 4. D. 6.
Cu 5. (Cu 42. i Hc KB 2008) Khi t chy hon ton mt este no, n chc th s mol CO2 sinh
ra bng s mol O2 phn ng. Tn gi ca este l:
A. metyl fomiat. B. etyl axetat. C. n-propyl axetat. D. metyl axetat.
Cu 6. (Cu 2. Cao ng 2008) X phng ho hon ton 22,2 gam hn hp gm hai este HCOOC2H5
v CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch NaOH 1M (un nng). Th tch dung dch NaOH ti thiu cn dng l:
A. 300 ml. B. 200 ml. C. 400 ml. D. 150 ml.
Cu 7. (Cu 18. i Hc KA 2008) Pht biu ng l:
A. Phn ng gia axit v ru khi c H2SO4 c l phn ng mt chiu.
B. Tt c cc este phn ng vi d d kim lun thu c sn phm cui cng l mui v ru (ancol).
C. Khi thy phn cht bo lun thu c C2H4(OH)2.
D. Phn ng thy phn este trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch.
Cu 8. (Cu 19. i Hc KA 2008) Cho glixerin trileat (hay triolein) ln lt vo mi ng nghim
cha ring bit: Na, Cu(OH)2, CH3OH, dung dch Br2, dung dch NaOH. Trong iu kin thch hp, s
phn ng xy ra l:
A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu 9. (Cu 39. i Hc KB 2008) X phng ho hon ton 17,24 gam cht bo cn va 0,06 mol
NaOH. C cn dung dch sau phn ng thu c khi lng x phng l:
A. 17,80 gam. B. 18,24 gam. C. 16,68 gam. D. 18,38 gam.

NM 2009

Cu 1. (Cu 27. Cao ng 2009) Cho 20 gam mt este X (c phn t khi l 100 vC) tc dng vi
300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Sau phn ng, c cn dung dch thu c 23,2 gam cht rn khan. Cng
thc cu to ca X l:
A. CH3COOCH=CHCH3 B. CH2=CHCH2COOCH3
C. CH2=CHCOOC2H5 D. C2H5COOCH=CH2

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 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC
Cu 2. (Cu 34. i Hc KB 2009) Hn hp X gm hai este no, n chc, mch h. t chy hon
ton mt lng X cn dng va 3,976 lt kh O2 ( ktc), thu c 6,38 gam CO2. Mt khc, X tc
dng vi dung dch NaOH, thu c mt mui v hai ancol l ng ng k tip. Cng thc phn t ca
hai este trong X l:
A. C2H4O2 v C3H6O2 B. C3H4O2 v C4H6O2 C. C3H6O2 v C4H8O2 D. C2H4O2 v C5H10O2
Hng dn gii:
Loi D v khng phi este no n chc, X + NaOH 1 mui + 2 ancol ng ng lin tip.
Nn X l 2 este ng ng lin tip c cng thc: Cn H2n O2 .
* S mol O2 = 3,976/22,4 = 0,1775 mol
* S mol CO2 = 6,38/44 = 0,145 mol
Bo ton khi lng: mEste = mCO2 + mH2O mO2 = 0,14544 + 180,145 0,177532 = 3,31 gam.
32 32
n = = 3,625; nn ta chn C.
m Este 3,31
14 14
n CO2 0,145
Cu 3. (Cu 48. i Hc KB 2009) Este X (c khi lng phn t bng 103 vC) c iu ch t
mt ancol n chc (c t khi hi so vi oxi ln hn 1) v mt amino axit. Cho 25,75 gam X phn ng
ht vi 300 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c m gam cht rn. Gi tr
m l:
A. 29,75 B. 27,75 C. 26,25 D. 24,25
Hng dn gii: nX = 0,25 mol, NaOH = 0,3 mol
X phn ng ht, X l este n chc, NaOH d 0,05 mol
t cng thc ca X l: (H2N)xRCOOR
16x + 44 + R + R = 103
16x + R + R = 59
R > 15 16x + R < 43 x = 1 R + R = 43
R > 15 suy ra R = 29 R = 14
R l CH2, R l C2H5
Y gm 0,25 mol H2NCH2COONa v 0,05 mol NaOH d
m = 0,2597 + 0,0540 = 26,25g
Cu 4. (Cu 28. D b i Hc KA 2009) t chy 1,6 gam mt este E n chc c 3,52 gam CO2
v 1,152 gam H2O. Nu cho 10 gam E tc dng vi 150ml dung dch NaOH 1M, c cn dung dch sau
phn ng thu c 16 gam cht rn khan. Vy cng thc ca axit to nn este trn c th l:
A. CH2=CH-COOH B. CH2=C(CH3)-COOH
C. HOOC(CH2)3CH2OH D. HOOC-CH2-CH(OH)-CH3
Cu 5. (Cu 2. i Hc KA 2009) X phng ha hon ton 66,6 gam hn hp hai este HCOOC2H5 v
CH3COOCH3 bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp X gm hai ancol. un nng hn hp X vi
H2SO4 c 1400C, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton thu c m gam nc. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 18,00. B. 8,10. C. 16,20. D. 4,05.
Hng dn gii:
Cn nh n phn ng tch nc to ete: 2ROH R2O + H2O

n ancol = 2n Este = 2n H2O
Cc cng thc cn ch :

mancol = m Este = m H2O
HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3 l hai cht ng khi c cng CTPT l C3H6O2
RCOOR + NaOH t0
RCOONa + ROH
66, 6 1
n2Este = = 0,9 mol = nAncol n H2O = nAncol = 0,45 mol mH2O = 0,4518 = 8,1 gam,
74 2
Cu 6. (Cu 8. i Hc KA 2009) X phng ha hon ton 1,99 gam hn hp hai este bng dung dch
NaOH thu c 2,05 gam mui ca mt axit cacboxylic v 0,94 gam hn hp hai ancol l ng ng k
tip nhau. Cng thc ca hai este l:
A. HCOOCH3 v HCOOC2H5. B. C2H5COOCH3 v C2H5COOC2H5.
C. CH3COOC2H5 v CH3COOC3H7. D. CH3COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5.

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 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

Hng dn gii:
4 p n cho bit y l este no n chc ca cng mt axit v hai ru ng ng:
RCOO R + NaOH RCOONa + R OH
p dng nh lut bo ton khi lng: mNaOH = mRCOONa mROH meste = 1 gam
S mol este = s mol NaOH = s mol mui = s mol ancol = 1 : 40 = 0,025 mol
2, 05
mR-COONa = = 82 R = 82 67 = 15 (CH3) nn este c dng CH3COO R
0, 025
0,94
mAncol = = 37,6 R = 37,6 17 = 20,6 c ngha l R1= 15 (CH3) v R2 = 29 (C2H5)
0, 025
Cu 7. (Cu 18. Cao ng 2009) Pht biu no sau y sai?
A. Trong cng nghip c th chuyn ho cht bo lng thnh cht bo rn.
B. Nhit si ca este thp hn hn so vi ancol c cng phn t khi
C. S nguyn t hiro trong phn t este n v a chc lun l mt s chn.
D. Sn phm ca phn ng x phng ho cht bo l axit bo v glixerol
Cu 8. (Cu 16. i Hc KA 2009) X phng ha mt hp cht c cng thc phn t C10H14O6 trong
dung dch NaOH (d), thu c glixerol v hn hp gm ba mui (khng c ng phn hnh hc). Cng
thc ca ba mui l:
A. CH2=CHCOONa, HCOONa v CHCCOONa.
B. CH3COONa, HCOONa v CH3CH=CHCOONa.
C. HCOONa, CHCCOONa v CH3CH2COONa.
D. CH2=CHCOONa, CH3CH2COONa v HCOONa.
Cu 9. (Cu 36. i Hc KB 2009) Hp cht hu c X tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH un nng
v vi dung dch AgNO3 trong NH3. Th tch ca 3,7 gam hi cht X bng th tch ca 1,6 gam kh O2
(cng iu kin v nhit v p sut). Khi t chy hon ton 1 gam X th th tch kh CO2 thu c
vt qu 0,7 lt ( ktc). Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. CH3COOCH3 B. O=CHCH2CH2OH C. HOOCCHO D. HCOOC2H5
Hng dn gii: X c nhm chc este v nhm chc anhyt
S mol X = s mol O2 = 1,6/32 = 0,05 mol. Suy ra MX = 3,7/0,05 = 74
Cx + O2 xCO2
(1/74)x > 0,03125. Suy ra: x > 2,3
Gi CY ca X: CxHyOz
12x + y + 16z = 74
Z 2 3
X 3 2 (loi)
Y 6 2
X: HCOOC2H5

NM 2010

Cu 1. (Cu 7. Cao ng 2010) Hn hp Z gm hai este X v Y to bi cng mt ancol v hai axit

cacboxylic k tip nhau trong dy ng ng (MX < MY). t chy hon ton m gam Z cn dng 6,16 lt
kh O2 (ktc), thu c 5,6 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 4,5 gam H2O. Cng thc este X v gi tr ca m tng
ng l:
A. CH3COOCH3 v 6,7 B. HCOOC2H5 v 9,5
C. HCOOCH3 v 6,7 D. (HCOO)2C2H4 v 6,6
Hng dn gii:
n CO2 = 0,25; n H2O = 0,25 X, Y l 2 este no n chc
p dng LBTKL:
5, 6 6,16
m= 44 + 4,5 32 = 6,7 (gam)
22, 4 22, 4

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 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

1 0, 25 6, 7n
t cng thc ca X, Y: Cn H2n O2 n C H O2 = n CO2 = 14 n + 32 = = 26,8 n .
n 2n
n n 0, 25
X : C2 H 4O 2
HCOOCH3
n = 2,5 n = 2; n = 3
Y : C3H6O2 CH3COOCH3
Cu 2. (Cu 16. Cao ng 2010) Thu phn cht hu c X trong dung dch NaOH (d), un nng, thu
c sn phm gm 2 mui v ancol etylic. Cht X l:
A. CH3COOCH2CH3 B. CH3COOCH2CH2Cl
C. ClCH2COOC2H5 D. CH3COOCH(Cl)CH3
Cu 3. (Cu 21. Cao ng 2010) t chy hon ton 2,76 gam hn hp X gm CxHyCOOH,
CxHyCOOCH3, CH3OH thu c 2,688 lt CO2 (ktc) v 1,8 gam H2O. Mt khc, cho 2,76 gam X phn
ng va vi 30 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, thu c 0,96 gam CH3OH. Cng thc ca CxHyCOOH l:
A. C2H5COOH B. CH3COOH C. C2H3COOH D. C3H5COOH
Hng dn gii:
nX,Y = 0,03; nCO2 = 0,5; nH2O = 0,6
Nu: X, Y l 2 hirocacbon no nX,Y = 0,6 0,2 = 0,1 0,3
Vy: Hai hirocacbon gm ankan v anken
khi CnH2n +2 nCO2 CmH2m mCO2
0,1 0,1n (0,30,1) 0,2m
Theo : 0,1n + 0,2m = 0,5 n + 2m = 5 chn n = 1; m = 2 (v MY > MX). Cng thc ca X l CH4
Cu 4. (Cu 31. Cao ng 2010) Cho 45 gam axit axetic phn ng vi 69 gam ancol etylic (xc tc
H2SO4 c), un nng, thu c 41,25 gam etyl axetat. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ho l:
A. 62,50% B. 50,00% C. 40,00% D. 31,25%
Cu 5. (Cu 33. Cao ng 2010) Hai cht X v Y c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2. Cht X phn
ng c vi kim loi Na v tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cht Y phn ng c vi kim loi Na v
ho tan c CaCO3. Cng thc ca X, Y ln lt l:
A. HOCH2CHO, CH3COOH B. HCOOCH3, HOCH2CHO
C. CH3COOH, HOCH2CHO D. HCOOCH3, CH3COOH
Cu 6. (Cu 15. i Hc KA 2010) T ng s cht hu c mch h, c cng cng thc phn t C2H4O2
l:
A. 3 B. 1 C. 2 D. 4
Cu 7. (Cu 29. i Hc KA 2010) Thu phn hon ton 0,2 mol mt este E cn dng va 100
gam dung dch NaOH 24 , thu c mt ancol v 43,6 gam hn hp mui ca hai axit cacboxylic n
chc. Hai axit l:
A. HCOOH v CH3COOH B. CH3COOH v C2H5COOH
C. C2H5COOH v C3H7COOH D. HCOOH v C2H5COOH
Hng dn gii:
nNaOH = 24/40 = 0,6 mol = 3 s mol este,
E + NaOH mt ancol + 2 mui ca axt cacboxilic n chc
Cng thc ca E l: [(RCOO)2(RCOO)]R (este ca ancol 3 chc v 2 axit n chc)
[(RCOO)2(RCOO)]R + 3NaOH t0
R(OH)3 + 2RCOONa + RCOONa
0,2 0,4 0,2
M Mui = 43,6/ 0,6 = 72,67 RMui = 72,67 67 = 5,67. Vy c 1 axt l HCOOH
* TH 1: C 2 gc cu axt fomic (RCOONa).
0, 468 + 0, 2 M RCOONa 43, 6
MMui = = R = 15
0, 6 0, 6
* TH 2: C 1 gc ca axit fomic: loi
Hai axit l: HCOOH v CH3COOH
Cu 8. (Cu 34. i Hc KA 2010) Cho s chuyn ha:
CH3OH,t 0 ,xt
C3H6
dung dich Br2
X NaOH
Y CuO,t 0
Z
O2 ,xt
T E (Este a chc).
Tn gi ca Y l:
A. propan-1,3-iol. B. propan-1,2-iol. C. propan-2-ol. D. glixerol.

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 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC
Cu 9. (Cu 1. i Hc KB 2010) Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C6H10O4. Thy
phn X to ra hai ancol n chc c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t gp i nhau. Cng thc ca X
l:
A. CH3OCOCH2COOC2H5. B. C2H5OCOCOOCH3.
C. CH3OCOCOOC3H7. D. CH3OCOCH2CH2COOC2H5.
Cu 10. (Cu 31. i Hc KB 2010) Thu phn este Z trong mi trng axit thu c hai cht hu c
X v Y (MX < MY). Bng mt phn ng c th chuyn ho X thnh Y. Cht Z khng th l:
A. metyl propionat B. metyl axetat C. etyl axetat D. vinyl axetat
Cu 11. (Cu 32. i Hc KB 2010) T ng s hp cht hu c no, n chc, mch h, c cng cng
thc phn t C5H10O2, phn ng c vi dd NaOH nhng khng c phn ng trng bc l:
A. 4 B. 5 C. 8 D. 9
Cu 12. (Cu 44. i Hc KB 2010) Hn hp M gm axit cacboxylic X, ancol Y (u n chc, s
mol X gp hai ln s mol Y) v este Z c to ra t X v Y. Cho mt lng M tc dng va vi dd
cha 0,2 mol NaOH, to ra 16,4 gam mui v 8,05 gam ancol. Cng thc ca X v Y l:
A. HCOOH v CH3OH B. CH3COOH v CH3OH
C. HCOOH v C3H7OH D. CH3COOH v C2H5OH
Cu 13. (Cu 54. i Hc KB 2010) Hp cht hu c mch h X c cng thc phn t C5H10O. Cht
X khng phn ng vi Na, tha mn s chuyn ha sau:
X + H2
Ni, t 0
Y
+ CH3COOH
H2SO4 , ac
Este c mi mui chn; Tn ca X l:
A. pentanal B. 2 metylbutanal
C. 2,2 imetylpropanal. D. 3 metylbutanal.
Cu 14. (Cu 37. Cao ng 2010) trung ho 15 gam mt loi cht bo c ch s axit bng 7, cn
dng dung dch cha a gam NaOH. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,150 B. 0,280 C. 0,075 D. 0,200
Cu 15. (Cu 38. i Hc KA 2010) Cho s chuyn ha:
H 2 du ( Ni ,t 0 ) NaOH du ,t 0 HCl
Triolein X Y Z. Tn ca Z l
A. axit linoleic. B. axit oleic. C. axit panmitic. D. axit stearic.
Cu 16. (Cu 40. i Hc KA 2010) t chy hon ton mt este n chc, mch h X (phn t c
s lin kt nh hn 3), thu c th tch kh CO2 bng 6/7 th tch kh O2 phn ng (cc th tch kh
o cng iu kin). Cho m gam X tc dng hon ton vi 200 ml dung dch KOH 0,7M thu c dung
dch Y. C cn Y thu c 12,88 gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 7,20. B. 6,66. C. 8,88. D. 10,56.
Hng dn gii: t cng thc ca X l CnH2n 2kO2, k 1
C2H2n+2-2kO2 + (3n1k)/2 O2 nCO2 + (n+1k)H2O
2n 6
3n 1 k = 7
n = (6 + 6k)/4 k = 1 n = 3
k = 2 n = 4,5 (loi)
Ctpt ca X: C3H6O2 HCOOC2H5
CH3COOCH3
RCOOR + KOH RCOOK + ROH
Mol: x x x
x(R + 83) + 56(0,14 x) = 12,88
* R = 1 84x 56x + 7,84 = 12,88 x = 0,18 m = 0,18. 74 = 13,32g (loi)
* R =15 98x 56x + 7,84 = 12,88 x = 0,12 m = 0,12.74 = 8,88g
Cu 17. (Cu 3. i Hc KB 2010) Hn hp X gm axit panmitic, axit stearic v axit linoleic.
trung ha m gam X cn 40 ml dung dch NaOH 1M. Mt khc, nu t chy hon ton m gam X th thu
c 15,232 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 11,7 gam H2O. S mol ca axit linoleic trong m gam hn hp X l:
A. 0,015. B. 0,010. C. 0,020. D. 0,005.
Hng dn gii:
n axit n NaOH 0,04 1 0,04 (mol) : khng cn s dng;
pp phn tch sn phm chy:

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 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

Ta c: axit panmitic, axit stearic no n chc nn khi chy to n H2O = n CO2 cn axit linoleic khng no c
2 lin kt i trong gc HC v n chc nn khi chy cho: 2naxit = n CO2 n H2O
15,232 11, 7

22,4 18 (0,68 0,65)
naxit linoleic = = = 0,015 mol
2 2

NM 2011

Cu 1. (Cu 35. Cao ng 2011) Este X no, n chc, mch h, khng c phn ng trng bc. t
chy 0,1 mol X ri cho sn phm chy hp th hon ton vo dung dch nc vi trong c cha 0,22 mol
Ca(OH)2 th vn thu c kt ta. Thu phn X bng dung dch NaOH thu c 2 cht hu c c s
nguyn t cacbon trong phn t bng nhau. Phn trm khi lng ca oxi trong X l:
A. 43,24% B. 53,33% C. 37,21% D. 36,26%
Hng dn gii:
Theo gi thit t chy 0,1 mol X ri cho sn phm chy hp th hon ton vo dung dch nc vi
trong c cha 0,22 mol Ca(OH)2 th vn thu c kt ta chng t nCO2 < 2nCa(OH)2 = 0,44
Vy s C trong X < 0,44 : 0,1 = 4,4.
Thu phn X bng dung dch NaOH thu c 2 cht hu c c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t bng
nhau chng t X l HCOOCH3 hoc CH3COOC2H5. V X khng c phn ng trng bc suy ra X phi l
CH3COOC2H5.
32
Phn trm khi lng ca oxi trong X l: 100 = 36,36%
88
(khng hiu ti sao p n li l 36,26%?)
Cu 2. (Cu 10. i Hc KA 2011) Este X c to thnh t etylen glicol v hai axit cacboxylic n
chc. Trong phn t este, s nguyn t cacbon nhiu hn s nguyn t oxi l 1. Khi cho m gam X tc
dng vi dung dch NaOH (d) th lng NaOH phn ng l 10 gam. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 14,5. B. 17,5. C. 15,5. D. 16,5.
Hng dn gii: y l bi ton xui rt n gin v bi cho s mol NaOH v phn ng xy ra
va im mu cht l phi xc nh c ng CTCT ca este ban u.
Cch 1:
Axit cacboxylic CnH2n+1-2aCOOH v CmH2m+1-2bCOOH
Este X: CnH2n+1-2aCOOC2H4OCOCmH2m+1-2b
Theo : n + m + 4 = 4 + 1 n + m = 1; do : 2a = 0; 2b = 0
CnH2n+1-2aCOOC2H4OCOCmH2m+1-2b + 2NaOH
CnH2n+1-2aCOONa + CmH2m+1-2bCOONa + C2H4(OH)2
10
nNaOH(p) = = 0,25 (mol) nesteE = 0,125 (mol) mesteE = [14(n+m) + 118 2a 2b]0,125 = 16,5
40
Cch 2:
ieste ca etylen glicol vi 2 axit n chc c dng: RCOO-CH2-CH2-OCO-R vi s nguyn t O = 4
s nguyn t C = 5 v CTCT ca este X l: CH3COO-CH2-CH2-OCO-H.
1 1 10
m = Meste nNaOH = 132 16,5 gam
2 2 40
Cu 3. (Cu 58. i Hc KA 2011) t chy hon ton 0,11 gam mt este X (to nn t mt axit
cacboxylic n chc v mt ancol n chc) thu c 0,22 gam CO2 v 0,09 gam H2O. S este ng
phn ca X l:
A. 2 B. 5 C. 6 D. 4
Hng dn gii:
Gi x l s mol ca AgNO3 tham gia phn ng => trong dung dch Y cha:
Cu2+ 0,5x mol; Ag+ (0,08 x) mol
V y l s mol ca Cu cn d trong rn X: Rn X c y mol Ag x mol Cu y mol =>108x + 64y = 7,76 g
Cu2+ + 2e => Cu v Ag+ + 1e => Ag => T ng s mol electron nhn: 0,08 mol
0,5x x (0,08x) (0,08x)

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 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC
nZn = 0,09 mol
Zn 2e => Zn 2+
0,04 mol 0,08
Vy qua => Zn cn d sau phn ng mZn d = 0,05 65 = 3,25 gam
T ng khi lng Cu; Ag v Zn d to thnh l: 7,76 + 10,53 = 18,29 gam
Vy => mCu + mAg = 18,29 3,25 = 15,04 gam
Vy khi lng ca Cu ban u l mCu = 15,04 0,08 108 = 6,4 gam
* Nhn xt:
+ y l mt bi tp kh hay, nu c khng k s rt d b sai trong qu trnh gii.
+ Cm t sau mt thi gian phn ng lm cho bi ton tr nn hay hn v khin cho nhiu em hc
sinh lng tng bi cc em ngh rng theo bi hn hp rn X s cha Cu d v Ag, dung dch Y ch
cha Cu2+.
Nhng khi ta kim tra lng Ag c to ra khi s l 0,08 108 = 8,64 gam > 7,76 gam
+ Qua bi tp ny, thy xin nhn mnh mt iu na l cc em cn phi ch hn na trong qu trnh
c bi. Ch tng cu tng ch trong bi hn ch v trnh nhng sai lm mc phi khi c
khng k .
+ Trong bi ny, chng ta c th bin i hng hi theo cch l
+ Xc nh lng Cu tham gia phn ng
+ Xc nh khi lng Ag c hnh thnh trong hn hp X
Vi cch hi nh th th t trn ta s thip lp c phng trnh sau => (0,5x + y) 64 + 0,08 108 =
15,04 gam
T 2 phng trnh thit lp c trn, ta s d dng c c: x = 0,018 mol v y = 0,091 mol
=> Kt qu
Cu 4. (Cu 2. i Hc KB 2011) Cho dy cc cht: phenyl axetat, anlyl axetat, metyl axetat, etyl
fomat, tripanmitin. S cht trong dy khi thy phn trong d dch NaOH (d), un nng sinh ra ancol l:
A. 4 B. 2 C. 5 D. 3
Cu 5. (Cu 5. i Hc KB 2011) Khi cho 0,15 mol este n chc X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH
(d), sau khi phn ng kt thc th lng NaOH phn ng l 12 gam v t ng khi lng sn phm hu
c thu c l 29,7 gam. S ng phn cu to ca X tha mn cc tnh cht trn l:
A. 4 B. 5 C. 6 D. 2
Cu 6. (Cu 34. i Hc KB 2011) Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. phn bit benzen, toluen v stiren ( iu kin thng) bng phng php ha hc, ch cn
dng thuc th l nc brom.
B. Tt c cc este u tan tt trong nc, khng c, c dng lm cht to hng trong cng nghip
thc phm, m phm.
C. Phn ng gia axit axetic vi ancol benzylic ( iu kin thch hp), to thnh benzyl axetat c mi
thm ca chui chn.
D. Trong phn ng este ha gia CH3COOH vi CH3OH, H2O to nn t OH trong nhm
COOH ca axit v H trong nhm OH ca ancol.
Cu 7. (Cu 38. i Hc KB 2011) Hn hp X gm vinyl axetat, metyl axetat v etyl fomat. t chy
hon ton 3,08 gam X, thu c 2,16 gam H2O. Phn trm s mol ca vinyl axetat trong X l:
A. 25% B. 27,92% C. 72,08% D. 75%
Cu 8. (Cu 21. Cao ng 2011) Cng thc ca triolein l:
A. (CH3[CH2]16COO)3C3H5 B. (CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]5COO)3C3H5
C. (CH3[CH2]7CH=CH[CH2]7COO)3C3H5 D. (CH3[CH2]14COO)3C3H5
Cu 9. (Cu 27. Cao ng 2011) Cho m gam cht hu c n chc X tc dng va vi 50 gam
dung dch NaOH 8 , sau khi phn ng hon ton thu c 9,6 gam mui ca mt axit hu c v 3,2
gam mt ancol. Cng thc ca X l:
A. CH3COOC2H5 B. C2H5COOCH3 C. CH2=CHCOOCH3 D. CH3COOCH=CH2
Cu 10. (Cu 29. Cao ng 2011) x phng ho hon ton 52,8 gam hn hp hai este no, n
chc, mch h l ng phn ca nhau cn va 600 ml dung dch KOH 1M. Bit c hai este ny u
khng tham gia phn ng trng bc. Cng thc ca hai este l:
A. CH3COOC2H5 v HCOOC3H7 B. C2H5COOC2H5 v C3H7COOCH3
C. HCOOC4H9 v CH3COOC3H7 D. C2H5COOCH3 v CH3COOC2H5

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 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC
Cu 11. (Cu 3. i Hc KB 2011) Cho 200 gam mt loi cht bo c ch s axit bng 7 tc dng va
vi mt lng NaOH, thu c 207,55 gam hn hp mui khan. Khi lng NaOH tham gia phn
ng l:
A. 31 gam B. 32,36 gam C. 30 gam D. 31,45 gam
Cu 12. (Cu 9. i Hc KB 2011) Triolein khng tc dng vi cht (hoc dung dch) no sau y?
A. H2O (xc tc H2SO4 long, un nng) B. Cu(OH)2 ( iu kin thng)
C. Dung dch NaOH (un nng) D. H2 (xc tc Ni, un nng)

NM 2012

Cu 1. (Cu 7. Cao ng 2012) Cho s phn ng:

Este X (C4HnO2) +NaOH
t0
Y +AgNO3 /NH3
t0
Z +NaOH
t0
C2H3O2Na.
Cng thc cu to ca X tha mn s cho l:
A. CH2=CHCOOCH3. B. CH3COOCH2CH3. C. HCOOCH2CH2CH3. D. CH3COOCH=CH2.
Cu 2. (Cu 17. Cao ng 2012) t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai ancol n chc,
cng dy ng ng, thu c 15,68 lt kh CO2 (ktc) v 17,1 gam nc. Mt khc, thc hin phn ng
este ha m gam X vi 15,6 gam axit axetic, thu c a gam este. Bit hiu sut phn ng este ha ca
hai ancol u bng 60 . Gi tr ca a l:
A. 15,48. B. 25,79. C. 24,80. D. 14,88.
Hng dn gii: s mol CO2 = 0,7 mol; s mol H2O = 0,95 mol: hai ancol no n chc
suy ra s mol hai ancol = 0,25 mol;
Vy s C trung bnh 2 ancol = 0,7/0,25 = 2,8
vy Mtb ancol = 57,2g Mtb (R) = 57,2-17=40,2
S mol axit = 0,26 mol . Hai ancol phn ng ht, tnh theo ancol
este c dng CH3COOR
do H% = 60% a = (59+40,2).0.25.0,6 =14,88g
Cu 3. (Cu 23. Cao ng 2012) Cho cc este: etyl fomat (1), vinyl axetat (2), triolein (3), metyl
acrylat (4), phenyl axetat (5). Dy gm cc este u phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH (un nng)
sinh ra ancol l:
A. (1), (2), (3). B. (1), (3), (4). C. (2), (3), (5). D. (3), (4), (5).
Cu 4. (Cu 45. Cao ng 2012) Ha hi hon ton 4,4 gam mt este X mch h, thu c th tch
hi bng th tch ca 1,6 gam kh oxi (o cng iu kin). Mt khc, thy phn hon ton 11 gam X
bng dung dch NaOH d, thu c 10,25 gam mui. Cng thc ca X l:
A. C2H5COOCH3. B. CH3COOC2H5. C. C2H5COOC2H5. D. HCOOC3H7.
Cu 5. (Cu 52. Cao ng 2012) Cho cc pht biu:
(1) Tt c cc anehit u c c tnh oxi ha v tnh kh;
(2) Tt c cc axit cacboxylic u khng tham gia phn ng trng bc;
(3) Phn ng thy phn este trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch;
(4) Tt c cc ancol no, a chc u ha tan c Cu(OH)2.
Pht biu ng l:
A. (2) v (4) B. (3) v (4) C. (1) v (3) D. (1) v (2)
Cu 6. (Cu 16. i Hc KA 2012) t chy hon ton 7,6 gam hn hp gm mt axit cacboxylic no,
n chc, mch h v mt ancol n chc (c s nguyn t cacbon trong phn t khc nhau) thu c
0,3 mol CO2 v 0,4 mol H2O. Thc hin phn ng este ha 7,6 gam hn hp trn vi hiu sut 80 thu
c m gam este. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 4,08. B. 6,12. C. 8,16. D. 2,04.
Hng dn gii:
Ta c s mol CO2 < s mol H2O ancol no n chc, s mol ancol = s mol H2Os mol CO2=0,1 mol
Do C ca ancol < s mol CO2/ s mol ancol = 3 ancol c th l CH3OH hoc C2H5OH.
-Vi CH3OH, axit tng ng l C4H8O2 (0,05mol) m=0,05(88+3218)80/100= 4,08g.
-Vi C2H5OH, axit tng ng l CH3COOH (0,05mol) loi v c cng s C vi ancol.
Cch khc: Gi cng thc ca axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h: CnH2nO2

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 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC
cng thc ca ancol n chc: CmH2m +2-2kO
t: CnH2nO2: x (mol); CmH2m +2-2kO: y (mol)
14n 32 x 14m 18 2k y 7, 6
14 nx my 32x 18y 2ky 7, 6

Ta c :
nx my 0,3
nx my 0,3

nx + (m + 1 k)y = 0,4 nx + my + y ky = 0,4
32x + 18y 2ky = 7,6 140,3 = 3,4
y ky = 0,1
32x + 16y = 3,2 2x + y = 0,2
k = 0 y = 0,1 x = 0,05
th vo trn: 0,05n + 0,1m = 0,3 hay n + 2m = 6
V n khc m nn m =1 v n = 4. CTPT este C5H10O2. ancol d; theo l thuyt s mol este = s mol
axit = 0,05. meste = 0,0510280% = 4,08g
Cu 7. (Cu 52. i Hc KA 2012) Kh este no, n chc, mch h X bng LiAlH4, thu c ancol
duy nht Y. t chy hon ton Y thu c 0,2 mol CO2 v 0,3 mol H2O. t chy hon ton 0,1 mol X
thu c t ng khi lng CO2 v H2O l:
A. 24,8 gam B. 28,4 gam C. 16,8 gam D. 18,6 gam
Hng dn gii:
n CO n CO 0,2
Y l ancol no c s nguyn t cacbon l: 2
= 2
= = 2 . Y l C2H5OH.
nY n H O n CO 0,3 0,2
2 2

LiAlH4 O
Vy X l: CH3COOC2H5 2 C2H5OH.Khi : CH3COOC2H5 2
4CO2 + 4H2O
Khi : m = 440,14 + 180,14 = 24,8 gam.
Cu 8. (Cu 4. i Hc KB 2012) t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm hai este ng phn cn
dng 27,44 lt kh O2, thu c 23,52 lt kh CO2 v 18,9 gam H2O. Nu cho m gam X tc dng ht vi
400 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, c cn dung dch sau phn ng th thu c 27,9 gam cht rn khan, trong
c a mol mui Y v b mol mui Z (My < Mz). Cc th tch kh u o iu kin tiu chun. T l a :
b l:
A. 2 : 3 B. 4 : 3 C. 3 : 2 D. 3 : 5
Hng dn gii: Do s mol H2O = CO2 nn hai este l no n chc.
S mol O p = 2,45 mol
S mol O trong H2O = 1,05 mol
S mol O trong CO2 = 2,1 mol
Vy s mol O trong X = 0,7 mol
S mol X = 0,35 mol S nguyn t C ca X = 1,05/0,35 = 3 CTPT C3H6O2
HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3
S mol NaOH = 0,4 mol NaOH d = 0,05 mol khi lng NaOH d = 2 gam
Hai mui l HCOONa v CH3COONa
Ta c: x + y = 0,35 v 68x + 82y = 25,9 x = 0,2 v y = 0,15
Cch khc: Mol CO2 = mol H2O =1,05 suy ra l este no, n h
CnH2nO2 (3n2)/2n = 1,225/1,05 n = 3 HCOOC2H5 v CH3COOCH3.
M(mui) = (27,90,05*40)/0,35 = 74; l 2 mui HCOONa v CH3COONa.
p dng s cho cho 2 mui ny gii ra t l: (8274):(7468) = 4/3
Cu 9. (Cu 5. i Hc KB 2012 ) Thy phn este X mch h c cng thc phn t C4H6O2, sn
phm thu c c kh nng trng bc. S este X tha mn tnh cht trn l:
A. 4 B. 3 C. 6 D. 5
Cu 10. (Cu 16. i Hc KB 2012) S trieste khi thy phn u thu c sn phm gm glixerol,
axit CH3COOH v axit C2H5COOH l:
A. 9 B. 4 C. 6 D. 2
Cu 11. (Cu 37. i Hc KB 2012) Este X l hp cht thm c cng thc phn t l C9H10O2. Cho
X tc dng vi dung dch NaOH, to ra hai mui u c phn t khi ln hn 80. Cng thc cu to thu
gn ca X l:
A. CH3COOCH2C6H5 B. HCOOC6H4C2H5 C. C6H5COOC2H5 D. C2H5COOC6H5

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 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC
Cu 12. (Cu 23. Cao ng 2012) Cho cc este: etyl fomat (1), vinyl axetat (2), triolein (3), metyl
acrylat (4), phenyl axetat (5). Dy gm cc este u phn ng c vi dung dch NaOH (un nng)
sinh ra ancol l:
A. (1), (2), (3). B. (1), (3), (4). C. (2), (3), (5). D. (3), (4), (5).
Cu 13. (Cu 31. Cao ng 2012) Pht biu no sau y l ng?
A. Ancol etylic tc dng c vi dung dch NaOH.
B. Axit bo l nhng axit cacboxylic a chc.
C. Etylen glicol l ancol no, n chc, mch h.
D. Este isoamyl axetat c mi chui chn.
Cu 14. (Cu 3. i Hc KA 2012) Cho cc pht biu sau:
(a) Cht bo c gi chung l triglixerit hay triaxylglixerol.
(b) Cht bo nh hn nc, khng tan trong nc nhng tan nhiu trong dung mi hu c.
(c) Phn ng thy phn cht bo trong mi trng axit l phn ng thun nghch.
(d) Tristearin, triolein c cng thc ln lt l: (C17H33COO)3C3H5, (C17H35COO)3C3H5.
S pht biu ng l:
A. 3. B. 2. C. 4. D. 1.

NM 2013

Cu 1. (Cu 17. Cao ng 2013) Este X c cng thc phn t C4H8O2. Cho 2,2 gam X vo 20 gam
dung dch NaOH 8 , un nng, sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thu c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu
c 3 gam cht rn khan. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. CH3COOCH2CH3. B. HCOOCH(CH3)2. C. HCOOCH2CH2CH3. D. CH3CH2COOCH3.
Hng dn gii: Theo cc p n X l este RCOOR; C NaOH = 1,6 gam; BTKL mancol = 0,8 g.
RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + ROH
0,8 3 1, 6 1, 4 0,8R 1, 4R 2, 2 R 29
C: = = Chn D
R +17 R + 27 R + 27 R R 44 R 15
Cu 2. (Cu 41. Cao ng 2013) Hp cht X c cng thc phn t C5H8O2, khi tham gia phn ng x
phng ha thu c mt anehit v mt mui ca axit cacboxylic. S ng phn cu to tha mn tnh
cht trn ca X l:
A. 3. B. 2. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu 3. (Cu 39. i Hc KA 2013) Cho 0,1 mol tristearin (C17H35COO)3C3H5) tc dng hon ton
vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng, thu c m gam glixerol. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 27,6. B. 4,6. C. 14,4. D. 9,2.
Cu 4. (Cu 8. i Hc KB 2013) Thy phn hon ton m1 gam este X mch h bng dung dch
NaOH d, thu c m2 gam ancol Y (khng c kh nng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2) v 15 gam hn hp
mui ca hai axit cacboxylic n chc. t chy hon ton m2 gam Y bng oxi d, thu c 0,3 mol
CO2 v 0,4 mol H2O. Gi tr ca m1 l:
A. 11,6. B. 16,2. C. 10,6. D. 14,6.
Hng dn gii:
Cch 1:
Bin lun thnh phn cu to nn este:
Thy phn X thu c hn hp mui ca 2 axit cacboxylic n chc. Vy X phi l 1 este a chc. Sn
phm ch c 1 ancol Y, do Y phi l 1 ancol a chc.
Bin lun cng thc phn t v cu to ca Y:
t chy m2 gam Y bng oxi d, thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,4 mol H2O. Vy trong m2 gam Y, nC = 0,3
mol, nH = 0,8 mol nH:nC = 8:3. Do trong 1 phn t X buc phi c 3C v 8H (cng thc phn t
trng vi cng thc n gin nht). (Phn t X phi c 3nC v 8nH, vi n nguyn dng v 8n < 3nx2 +
2 = 6n+2 hay n<2).
Y l ancol a chc, vy Y c ti a 3 nhm chc OH trong phn t. Nu Y c 3 nhm chc OH,
mi nhm lin kt vi 1C, Y s c kh nng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2. Nhng Y khng c kh nng phn
ng vi Cu(OH)2, do Y ch c th c 2 nhm chc OH. Vy Y phi l C3HoO2 hay C3H6(OH)2.

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 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC
t 1 mol Y to ra 3 mol CO2 v 4 mol H2O. Th th t 0,1 mol Y to ra 0,3 mol CO2, 0,4 mol H2O.
Do theo bi, m2 (g) Y ng vi 0,1 mol Y m2 = 0,1MY = 0,176 = 7,6 g
Tnh khi lng este da vo nh lut bo ton khi lng:
X phi c cng thc phn t dng (R1CO)(R2CO)O2C3H6. Khi thy phn X s c:
(R1CO)(R2CO)O2C3H6 + 2NaOH R1COONa + R2COONa + C3H6(OH)2
0,2 mol 0,1 mol
m1 g 8g 15 g 7,6 g
Theo nh lut bo ton khi lng,
m1 + mNaOH = mmui + m2
hay m1 = mmui + m2 mNaOH = 15 + 7,6 8 = 14,6g
Cch 2: Lu bi ton ny khng hi CTPT hay cu to ca Este nn khng quan tm axit l axit
no m ch cn tim cc i lng p dng lbt kl:
t chy hon ton m2 gam ancol Y bng oxi d, thu c 0,3 mol CO2 v 0,4 mol H2O. Y l ancol
no n chc mch h
nY = 0,4 0,3 =0,1 mol S C = 3, S H =4 C3H8Oz (z 2)
Thy phn hon ton este X mch h bng dung dch NaOH d, hn hp mui ca hai axit cacboxylic
n chc. nn ancol a chc, mt khc ancol k ha tan c Cu(OH)2 nn khng th l glixerol
z = 2, propan1,3iol m2 = 0,176 =7,6 gam
Este c dng (RCOO)2C3H6 nn phn ng (R l cng thc trung bnh 2 gc hirocacbon)
(RCOO)2C3H6 + 2NaOH 2R COONa + C3H6(OH)2 nNaOH = 2 nru = 0,2mol
Bo ton khi lng c: m1 = m2 + maxit mNaOH = 14,6 gam.
Ngn gn hn: C cng thc ca ancol l C3H8Ox (x 2) v thy phn thu c 2 mui n chc nn
ancol a chc, mt khc ancol khng ha tan c Cu(OH)2 nn khng th l glixerol
x = 2, propan1,3iol
BT khi lng c: 0,176 + 15 0,240 = m m = 14,6 gam.
Cu 5. (Cu 43. i Hc KB 2013) Este no sau y khi phn ng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng
khng to ra hai mui?
A. C6H5COOC6H5 (phenyl benzoat). B. CH3COOC6H5 (phenyl axetat).
C. CH3COO[CH2]2OOCCH2CH3. D. CH3OOCCOOCH3
Cu 6. (Cu 53. i Hc KB 2013) Hn hp X gm mt axit cacboxylic no, n chc, mch h v
mt ancol n chc, mch h. t chy hon ton 21,7 gam X, thu c 20,16 lt kh CO2(ktc) v 18,9
gamH2O. Thc hin phn ng este ha X vi hiu sut 60 , thu c m gam este. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 15,30 B. 12,24 C. 10,80 D. 9,18
Hng dn gii:
Cch 1:
mX = 21,7 g
t chy 21,7 g X thu c n CO2 = 20,16/22,4 = 0,9 mol v n H2O = 18,9/18 = 1,05 mol
21,7g X c 0,9 mol C v 2,1 mol H
lng O trong 21,7 g X l mO = 21,7 0,9 12 2,1 1 = 8,8 g
nO = 0,55 mol
nH:nC = 2,1:0,9 > 2, do t l ny axit cacboxylic no, mch h, n chc l 2 ancol phi l hp cht
no c t l trung bnh >2.
t chy 1mol axit cacboxylic no n chc (CnH2n+1COOH) to ra n mol CO2 v n mol H2O.
t chy 1 mol ru no n chc (CnH2n+1COOH) to ra m mol CO2 v m+1 mol H2O, hay lng H2O
sinh ra nhiu hn lng CO2 1 mol.
Do , khi t chy 21,7 g hn hp X to ra lng H2O nhiu hn lng CO2 1,050,9 = 0,15 mol,
tng ng vi s mol ru trong hn hp.
Gi axit l CnH2n+1COOH v ancol l CmH2m+1OH vi s mol trong 21,7 g X ln lt l x v 0,15.
C s mol O trong 21,7g X l: 2x + 0,15 = 0,55 x = 0,2 mol
C s mol H trong 21,7g X l: (2n+2)0,2+(2m+2)0,15 = 2,1 0,4n + 0,3m = 1,4 hay 4n + 3m = 14
n v m phi l s nguyn, n 0, m 1, do n = 2, m = 2.
Vy axit l C2H5COOH, ancol l C2H5OH.
Este to thnh l C2H5COOC2H5 c M = 102, do hiu sut l 60 nn neste = 0,15 60% = 0,09 mol

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 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

meste = 0,09 102 = 9,18 g

Cch 2:
n CO2 = 0,9 mol; n H2O = 1,05 mol. V n CO2 = 0,9 mol < n H2O = 1,05 mol. Nn acol no n chc
V n ancol = 0,15 mol
BTKL khi lng O2 dng t chy: 36,8 gam S mol O : 2,3 mol
Bo ton nguyn t oxi: Suy ra s mol O trong X : 0,55 mol S mol O trong axit 0,4 mol
s mol axit 0,2 mol
t cng thc: CnH2n+ 2 O; CmH2m O2
0,15n + 0,2m = 0,9 => n = 2; m = 3 m = 0,150,6 (46 + 74 18) = 9,18 gam
Cu 7. (Cu 24. Cao ng 2013) Khi x phng ha triglixerit X bng dung dch NaOH d, un nng,
thu c sn phm gm glixerol, natri oleat, natri stearat v natri panmitat. S ng phn cu to tha
mn tnh cht trn ca X l:
A. 4. B. 2. C. 1. D. 3.
Cu 8. (Cu 20. i Hc KB 2013) Pht biu no sau y khng ng?
A. Cht bo l trieste ca etylen glicol vi cc axit bo.
B. Cc cht bo thng khng tan trong nc v nh hn nc.
C. Triolein c kh nng tham gia phn ng cng hiro khi un nng c xc tc Ni.
D. Cht bo b thy phn khi un nng trong dung dch kim.

NM 2014

Cu 1: (7. C- 2014) Este X c t khi hi so vi He bng 21,5. Cho 17,2 gam X tc dng vi dung
dch NaOH d, thu c dung dch cha 16,4 gam mui. Cng thc ca X l:
A. C2H3COOCH3 B. CH3COOC2 H3 C. HCOOC3H5 D. CH3COOC2H5
Cu 2: (29. C- 2014) Cho 26,4 gam hn hp hai cht hu c c cng cng thc phn t C4H8O2 tc
dng vi dung dch NaOH va , thu c dung dch X cha 28,8 gam hn hp mui v m gam ancol
Y. un Y vi dung dch H2SO4 c nhit thch hp, thu c cht hu c Z, c t khi hi so vi Y
bng 0,7. Bit cc phn ng xy ra hon ton. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 6,0 B. 6,4 C. 4,6 D. 9,6
Hng dn gii:
MZ < MY Z l anken
Ta c: 14n/(14n + 18) = 0,7 n = 3 Y l C3H7OH hn hp u c 1 cht l HCOOC3H7
nC4H8O2 = 0,3 (mol) nmui = 0,3 (mol) Mtb (2 mui) = 96g
M HCOONa = 68 < 96 nn mui cn li l RCOONa > 96 R > 29 R l C3H7
Do hh u gm: HCOOC3H7 : x (mol) v C3H7COOH : y (mol)
HCOOC3H7 HCOONa + C3H7OH
x x x (mol)
C3H7COOH C3H7COONa
y y (mol)
Ta c: x + y = 0,3 (mol) v 68x + 110y = 28,8 (gam) x = 0,1 (mol) m = mC3H7OH = 6,0 (gam).
Cch 2: V t khi Z /Y = 0,7 nn Z l anken, m ch c C3H6/C3H7OH l hp l (v l ancol ti a trong
e ste HCOOC3H7) c s mol l 26,4: 88 = 0,3 mol
Bi cho thu ancol Y nn ch c th l mt a xit C3H7COOH v mt e ste HCOOC3H7.
t s mol ln lt l a, b khi tham gia vi NaOH, ta c h pts:
a + b = 0,3

110a + 68b = 28,8 a = 0, 2; b = 0,1
Khi x phng ha, s mol ca e ste bng s mol ca ancol = 0,1 mol.
vy m = 0,160 = 6g. Chn A.
Cu 3: (36. C- 2014) un nng 24 gam axit axetic vi lng d ancol etylic (xc tc H2SO4 c),
thu c 26,4 gam este. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ha l:
A. 75% B. 44% C. 55% D. 60%

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Cu 4: (Cu 5. KA 2014) Thy phn 37 gam hai este cng cng thc phn t C3H6O2 bng dung dch
NaOH d. Chng ct dung dch sau phn ng thu c hn hp ancol Y v cht rn khan Z. un
nng Y vi H2SO4 c 1400C, thu c 14,3 gam hn hp cc ete. Bit rng phn ng xy ra hon
ton. Khi lng mui trong Z l:
A. 40,0 gam B. 38,2 gam C. 42,2 gam D. 34,2 gam
Hng dn gii: Ton este + NaOH ancol ete tnh mmui (bo ton KL)
37
n este 0,5 n ancol 0,5 n H2 O 0,25
74
BTKL
37 0,5.40 m Z 14,3 0,25.18 m Z 38,2
Chn B
Cch khc: n C3H6O2 = 0,5 mol; RCOOR + NaOH RCOONa + ROH (1)
0,5 0,5 0,5 0,5
2 ROH Ete + Nc (2)
0,5 0,25
p dng LBTKL cho p (1), (2): 37 + 0,5.40 = mZ + mY = mZ + mEte + mNc mZ = 38,2
Cu 5: (Cu 10. KB 2014) Hai este X, Y c cng cng thc phn t C8H8O2 v cha vng benzene
trong phn t. Cho 6,8 gam hn hp gm X v Y tc dng vi dung dch NaOH d, un nng, lng
NaOH phn ng ti a l 0,06 mol, thu c dung dch Z cha 4,7 gam ba mui. Khi lng mui ca
axit cacboxylic c phn t khi ln hn trong Z l:
A. 0,82 gam. B. 0,68 gam. C. 2,72 gam. D. 3,40 gam.
n NaOH 0,06
Hng dn gii: Lp t l: 1< = < 2 c 1 este n chc v 1 este ca phenol
n 2este 0,05
Dng p: RCOOC6H4R + NaOH RCOONa + R-C6H4ONa + H2O
Trng hp 1: X l C6H5COOCH3 b mol
Y l CH3COOC6H5 a mol
a + b = 0, 05
Ta c: gii h a = 0,01 v b = 0,04
2a + b = 0, 06
mmui = 144.0,04 + 82.0,01 + 0,01.116 =7,74 > 4,7 (loi)
Trng hp 2: X l HCOOCH2C6H5 b mol
Y l CH3COOC6H5 a mol
a + b = 0, 05
Ta c: gii h a = 0,01 v b = 0,04
2a + b = 0, 06
mmui = 68.0,04 + 82.0,01 + 0,01.116 = 4,7 (nhn)
khi lng mui ca axit cacboxylic c phn t khi ln hn trong Z l mCH3COONa = 820,01 = 0,82g
Cu 6: (Cu 21. KB 2014) Thy phn hon ton 0,1 mol este X bng NaOH, thu c mt mui ca
axit cacboxylic Y v 7,6 gam ancol Z. Cht Y c phn ng trng bc, Z ha tan c Cu(OH)2 cho dung
dch mu xanh lam. Cng thc cu to ca X l:
A. HCOOCH2CH2CH2OOCH. B. HCOOCH2CH2OOCCH3.
C. CH3COOCH2CH2OOCCH3. D. HCOOCH2CH(CH3)OOCH.
Cu 7: (30. C- 2014) t chy hon ton a gam triglixerit X cn va 3,26 mol O2, thu c 2,28
mol CO2 v 39,6 gam H2O. Mt khc, thy phn hon ton a gam X trong dung dch NaOH, un nng,
thu c dung dch cha b gam mui. Gi tr ca b l:
A. 40,40 B. 31,92 C. 36,72 D. 35,60
Cu 8: (Cu 14. KA 2014) t chy hon ton 1 mol cht bo, thu c lng CO2 v H2O hn km
nhau 6 mol. Mt khc a mol cht bo trn tc dng ti a vi 600 ml dung dch Br2 1M. Gi tr ca a l:
A. 0,20 B. 0,30 C. 0,18. D. 0,15.

NM 2015

Cu 1. (Cu 36. TMH 2015) S este c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 m khi thy phn trong mi
trng axit th thu c axit fomic l:

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 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC
A. 1. B. 2. C. 3. D. 4.
Cu 2: (Cu 28. THPTQG 2015) un 3,0 gam CH3COOH vi C2H5OH d (xc tc H2SO4 c), thu
c 2,2 gam CH3COOC2H5. Hiu sut ca phn ng este ha tnh theo axit l:
A. 25,00%. B. 50,00%. C. 36,67%. D. 20,75%.
Cu 3: (Cu 41. THPTQG 2015) Hn hp X gm 3 este n chc, to thnh t cng mt ancol Y vi
3 axit cacboxylic (phn t ch c nhm -COOH); trong , c hai axit no l ng ng k tip nhau v
mt axit khng no (c ng phn hnh hc, cha mt lin kt i C=C trong phn t). Thy phn hon
ton 5,88 gam X bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp mui v m gam ancol Y. Cho m gam Y vo
bnh ng Na d, sau phn ng thu c 896 ml kh (ktc) v khi lng bnh tng 2,48 gam. Mt khc,
nu t chy hon ton 5,88 gam X th thu c CO2 v 3,96 gam H2O. Phn trm khi lng ca este
khng no trong X l:
A. 38,76% B. 40,82% C. 34,01% D. 29,25%
Hng dn gii:
Cch 1:
ROH + Na RONa + 1/2H2
Mol H2 = 0,04 mol ROH = mol X =0,08
m tng = mROH - khi lng H2
2,48 = 0,08MROH 0,08 ancol CH3OH
Mtrung bnh X = 5,88/0,08 = 73,5
RCOOCH3 MR =14,5 c H
2 este no l HCOOCH3 (x mol) v CH3COOCH3 (y mol)
t cng thc este cn li l CnH2n-2O2 (z mol)
axit to este c ng phn hnh hc, b nht phi l axit CH3- CH =CH COOH
n t 5 tr i
x +y + z = 0,08
mol H2O khi t X 2x + 3y +(n-1)z = 0,22 (2)
Mt khc trong X : nO =0,16 ; nH = 0,44 nC = 0,24
C trung bnh ca X = 3
2x + 3y+nz /(x + y+z) = 3 (3)
T (1), (2) v (3) z = 0,02 x + y =0,06 ;
Th vo pt x = (n 3).0,02<0,06
n<6
Vy n =5 hay C5H8O2 vi 0,02 mol 34,01%
Cch 2:
- Trc ht ta xc nh c ancol l CH3OH vi s mol l 0,08 mol
- Gi CTPT Tb ca hn hp este l R-COOCH3 (R l trung bnh) vi s mol = nancol = 0,08 mol
=> Mtb = 5,88/0,08 = 73,5 => Rtb = 14,5
=> R1 < 14,5 < R2 => Hai axit no l HCOOH v CH3COOH => 2 este no: HCOOCH3 v CH3COOCH3.
Este cn li dng CnH2n-1COOCH3 (n > 2)
- Sn phm chy gm CO2 v 0,22 mol H2O
- Theo bo ton khi lng: mX = mC + mO + mH
M nO = 2nX = 2.0,08 = 0,16 mol, nH = 2nH2O = 2.0,22 = 0,44 mol
=> mC = 5,88 2.0,44 16.0,16 = 2,88 gam => nC = 0,24 mol => nCO2 = 0,24 mol
=> nCO2 nH2O = 0,24 0,22 = 0,02 mol
- Chnh lch 0,02 mol ny chnh l s mol ca este khng no. => s mol 2 este no l 0,06 mol
HCOOCH3 a mol
CH3COOCH3 b mol Vi a + b = 0,06
CnH2n-1COOCH3 0,02 mol
=> nCO2 = 2a + 3b + (n + 2)0,02 = 0,24 v a + b = 0,06
=> b + 0,02n = 0,08
=> n = 4 b/0,02 < 4
=> 2 <n< 4 => n = 3 => C3H5COOCH3 => %m = 100.0,02/5,88 = 34,01%
Cu 4. (Cu 48. TMH 2015) Cho dy cc cht: m-CH3COOC6H4CH3; m-HCOOC6H4OH;
ClH3NCH2COONH4; p-C6H4(OH)2; p-HOC6H4CH2OH; H2NCH2COOCH3; CH3NH3NO3. S cht trong

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 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC
dy m 1 mol cht phn ng ti a c vi 2 mol NaOH l:
A. 2. B. 3. C. 5. D. 4.
Cu 5. (Cu 39. TMH 2015) X phng ho hon ton m gam mt este no, n chc, mch h E
bng 26 gam dung dch MOH 28 (M l kim loi kim). C cn hn hp sau phn ng thu c 24,72
gam cht lng X v 10,08 gam cht rn khan Y. t chy hon ton Y, thu c sn phm gm CO2,
H2O v 8,97 gam mui cacbonat khan. Mt khc, cho X tc dng vi Na d, thu c 12,768 lt kh H2
(ktc). Phn trm khi lng mui trong Y c gi tr gn nht vi:
A. 67,5. B. 85,0. C. 80,0. D. 97,5.
Hng dn gii:
CnH2n+1COOCmH2m+1 + MOH CnH2n+1COOM + CmH2m+1OH
28
mH 2O 26 26. 18,72 g nH 2O 1,04(mol)
100
Cm H 2 m1OH : x(mol) Na( du)
Cht lng (X): H 2 : 0,5 x 0,52 0,57 x 0,1(mol)
H 2O : 1,04(mol)
7,28
MOH (du ) : 0,1(mol) O2 7,28
Rn khan (Y): M 17
M 2CO3 : ( BTNT M )
2( M 17 )
Cn H 2 n1COOM : 0,1 (mol)
3,64
(2M 60) 8,97 M 39 : Kali
M 17
56.0,03 (14n 84).0,1 10,08 n 0
Mui: HCOOK: 0,1 (mol) mHCOOK = 0,1.84 = 8,4g
8,4.100
%HCOOK = 83,33% . Chn B.
10,08
Cch khc:
2MOH M2CO3
7,28 8,97 d suy c M l K v nKOH = 0,13
X gm 1,04 mol H2O v ancol nancol = 2nH2 nH2O = 0,57.2 1,04 = 0,1
Y c cha 0,03 mol KOH d %mKOH/Y = 16,67% %m mui = 83,34% chn B.
Cu 6: (Cu 16. THPTQG 2015) Cht bo l trieste ca axit bo vi:
A. ancol etylic. B. ancol metylic. C. etylen glicol. D. glixerol.
Cu 7: (Cu 18. THPTQG 2015) X phng ha hon ton 3,7 gam HCOOC2H5 bng mt lng dung
dch NaOH va . C cn dung dch sau phn ng, thu c m gam mui khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 5,2. B. 3,4. C. 3,2. D. 4,8.
Cu 8. (Cu 37. TMH 2015) Thy phn mt triglixerit X bng dung dch NaOH, thu c hn hp
mui gm natri oleat, natri stearat (c t l mol tng ng l 1 : 2) v glixerol. C bao nhiu triglixerit X
tha mn tnh cht trn?
A. 2. B. 1. C. 3. D. 4.
NM 2016
Cu 1: (Cu 5. THPTQG 2016) X phng ha cht no sau y thu c glixerol?
A. Tristearin. B. Metyl axetat. C. Metyl fomat. D. Benzyl axetat.
Cu 2: (Cu 36. THPTQG 2016) Hn hp X gm mt axit cacboxylic T (hai chc, mch h), hai
ancol n chc cng dy ng ng v mt este hai chc to bi T v hai ancol . t chy hon ton
a gam X, thu c 8,36 gam CO2. Mt khc un nng a gam X vi 100 ml dung dch NaOH 1M, sau
khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, thm tip 20 ml dung dch HCl 1M trung ho lng NaOH d, thu
c dung dch Y. C cn Y thu c m gam mui khan v 0,05 mol hn hp hai ancol c phn t khi
trung bnh nh hn 46. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 7,09. B. 5,92. C. 6,53. D. 5,36.
Hng dn gii:
8,36
n CO2 = = 0,19 (mol); n NaOH = 0,1; n HCl = 0,02 mol nNaOH phn ng = 0,1 0,02 = 0,08 (mol)
44

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 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

+ O2
CO 2 (0,19 mol)
R1 (COOH) 2 R1 (COONa)2
R1 (COONa) 2
hh X ROH
+ NaOH (0,1 mol)
ROH (0,04 mol) + ROH (0,05 mol)
+ 0,02 mol HCl

NaOH
R1 (COOR) 2 NaCl (0,02)
a (gam) m (gam)

Bo ton mol Na: n R (COONa) = 0,04 (mol)

1 2

m = (0,02.58,5) + 0,04.(R1 + 134) = 6,53 + 0,04. M R (gam)

1

MROH < 46 (C2 H5OH) S C trong ancol < 2.

Gi n l s C trong R1(COONa)2.
Bo ton C: 0,19 = 0,04.n + 0,05. C trong ancol 0,19 < 0,04.n + 0,05.2 n > 2,25 Trong
R1 c cacbon
M R > 0 m > 6,53. Chn A.
1

Cch khc:
R COOH 2 : x mol
ROH : y mol
R COOR2 : z mol
n NaCl n HCl 0,02; n NaOH p 2x 2z 0,08 x z 0,04 1
n ancol y 2z 0,05 2
Do hai ancol c M < 46 c CH3OH
hai anco l no n chc h CnH2n+2O (1< n<2)
Gi m l s C c trong gc R
BTNT C, ta c n CO2 0,04 m 2 0,05n 8,36 : 44 0,19 mol
0,04m + 0,05n = 0,11 Vi 1< n < 2 0,25 < m < 1,5 m = 1
Vy axit l CH2(COOH)2
Vy mui sau p l CH2(COONa)2 0,04 mol v 0,02 mol NaCl
mmui = 0,02.58,5 + 0,04.162 = 7,09
Cu 3: (Cu 43. THPTQG 2016) t chy hon ton m gam hn hp X gm andehit malonic, andehit
acrylic v mt este n chc mch h cn 2128 ml O2 (ktc) v thu c 2016 ml CO2 v 1,08 gam
H2O. Mt khc, m gam X tc dng va vi 150 ml dung dch NaOH 0,1 M, thu c dung dch Y
(gi thit ch xy ra phn ng x phng ha). Cho Y tc dng vi AgNO3 trong NH3, khi lng Ag ti
a thu c:
A. 4,32 gam B. 8,10 gam C. 7,56 gam D. 10,80 gam
Hng dn gii:
t cng thc este n chc CxHyO2. n C H O = n NaOH = 0,015 (mol)
x y 2

OHC-CH 2 -CHO (a mol) + O2 CO2 + H 2 O

0
t

CH 2 =CH-CHO (b mol) 0,095 0,09 0,06 (mol)

C H O (0,015 mol)
x y 2
+ NaOH
dd Y m Ag = ?
+ AgNO3 /NH3

Bo ton mol O: 2a + b + 0,015.2 = 0,09.2 + 0,06 - 0,095.2 2a + b = 0,02 (1)

0,01 < (a + b) < 0,02 (*)
Bo ton mol C: 3(a + b) + 0,015x = 0,09. (2)
Thay (*) vo (2) ta c: 2 < x < 4 x = 3.
Bo ton mol H: 4(a + b) + 0,015y = 0,06.2 (3)
Thay (*) vo (3) ta c: 2,6 < y < 5,3 ; y chn y = 4.
CTPT este: C3H4O2; CTCT: HCOOCH=CH2.

GV: Nguyn Th Qunh Nhi (Th. S Ha Hc) Trang 18

 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

HCOOCH=CH2 + NaOH HCOONa + CH3CHO

0,015 0,015 0,015
Thay x = 3 vo (2). T (1) v (2) a = 0,005; b = 0,01.
mAg = 108.(0,005.4 + 0,01.2 + 0,015.2 + 0,015.2) = 10,8 (g). Chn D.
Cch khc:
Andehyt malonic: OHC- CH2-CHO (a mol)
Andehyt acrylic: CH2=CH-CHO (b mol)
Este n chc: RCOOR1
n
O2=2,128/22,4= 0,095 mol ; nCO2 = 2,106/22,4 = 0,09 mol; nH2O = 1,08/18 = 0,06 mol
n
X = 0,09 - 0,06 = 0,03 mol
Bo ton nguyn t oxi trong X ta c:
nO(X) = 0,09.2 + 0,06 - 2.0,095 = 0,05 mol
<=> 2a + b + 2. 0,015 = 0,05 => 2a + b = 0,02 mol
S nguyn t cacbon trung bnh = 0,09/0,03= 3 ==> Este c 3 nguyn t C
S nguyn t cacbon trung bnh = 2.(0,06/0,03) ==> Este c 4 nguyn t H
==> CTPT ca este l C3H4O2 ch c cng thc cu to ph hp l: HCOO-CH=CH2
HCOO-CH=CH2 + NaOH --> HCOONa + CH3-CHO
0,015 <--- 0,015 ----> 0,015 ---> 0,015 mol
m
Ag = (4a + 2b + 2.0,015 + 2. 0,015)108 = [2(2a + b) + 0,06]108 =10,80 gam

NM 2017

Cu 1: (Cu 17. TMH 2017) S este c cng thc phn t C4H8O2 l:

A. 6. B. 3. C. 4. D. 2.
Cu 2: (Cu 38. TMH 2017) Este hai chc, mch h X c cng thc phn t C6H8O4 v khng tham
gia phn ng trng bc. X c to thnh t ancol Y v axit cacboxyl Z. Y khng phn ng vi
Cu(OH)2 iu kin thng; khi un Y vi H2SO4 c 170oC khng to ra anken. Nhn xt no sau
y ng?
A. Trong X c ba nhm CH3.
B. Cht Z khng lm mt mu dung dch nc brom.
C. Cht Y l ancol etylic.
D. Phn t cht Z c s nguyn t cacbon bng s nguyn t oxi.
Hng dn gii: [Vn dng]
Ta c: C6H8O4 c bt bo ha k 3 2COO CC
+ Nu Y l ancol 1 chc: v Y khng to anken nn Y l CH3OH
+ Nu Y l ancol 2 chc: v Y khng phn ng vi Cu(OH)2 chng t 2 nhm OH cch nhau.
X : CH3 OOC CH CH COO CH3 (1)

X : HCOO CH 2 CH CH CH 2 OOCH (2)

Loi (2) v theo , X phi khng c phn ng trng bc
X : CH3 OOC CH CH COO CH3 (1)

Y : CH3OH
Z : HOOC CH CH COOH

A sai v X ch c 2 nhm CH3
B sai v Z c ni i C = C nn lm mt mu nc brom
C sai v Y l ancol metylic
D ng v Z l C4H4O4
Cch khc:
X c bt bo ha k = 3 = 2 + 1 X: CH3OOC-CH=CH-COOCH3
X c cng thc: CH3OOC-CH=CH-COOCH3
bt bo ha: k = 3; X l este 2 chc nn c 1 C=C.
X : CH3OOC-CH=CH-COOCH3

GV: Nguyn Th Qunh Nhi (Th. S Ha Hc) Trang 19

 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC
Cu 3: (Cu 24. TMH 2017) Thu phn 4,4 gam etyl axetat bng 100 ml dung dch NaOH 0,2M.
Sau khi phn ng xy ra hon ton, c cn dung dch, thu c m gam cht rn khan. Gi tr ca m l:
A. 2,90. B. 4,28. C. 4,10. D. 1,64.
Hng dn gii: [Vn dng]
o
CH3COOC2 H5 NaOH
t
CH3COONa C2 H5OH
0,02 0,02 0,02
m 0,02 .82 1,64 gam

Cht rn: CH3COONa (0,02mol hay 1,64 g)

Dng bi ny by ch este thiu: mrn = 0,1.0,2.(CH3COONa) = 1,64 gam
Cu 4: (Cu 37. TMH 2017) t chy hon ton a mol X (l trieste ca glixerol vi cc axit n
chc, mch h), thu c b mol CO2 v c mol H2O (b c = 4a). Hiro ha m1 gam X cn 6,72 lt H2
(ktc), thu c 39 gam Y (este no). un nng m1 gam X vi dung dch cha 0,7 mol NaOH, c cn
dung dch sau phn ng, thu c m2 gam cht rn. Gi tr ca m2 l:
A. 57,2. B. 42,6. C. 53,2. D. 52,6.
Hng dn gii: [Vn dng]

C 2p trong gc
X + 2H2 39(g)Y X + 3NaOH Rn + Glixerol
BTKL : m1 = 39 0,6 = 38,4 (g) 38,4 + 0,7.40 = m2 + 0,15.92 m2 = 52,6 (g)
Cch khc:
nCO2-nH2O=4n cht t ;=>k=5 ; =>nX=0,15; =>mX=38,4 gam; bo ton KL=> m cht rn =52,6 gam.
V b c = 4a X c 5 lin kt (gm 3 nhm COO v 2 ni i C = C)
0,3
a 0,15 mol
Do X tc dng H2 theo t l 1 : 2 2

BTKL
m1 39 mH2 39 0,6 38,4 gam

BTKL
m2 38,4 0,7 . 40 0,15 . 92 52,6 gam
Cu 5: (Cu 39. TMH 2017) Hn hp E gm hai este n chc, l ng phn cu to v u cha
vng benzen. t chy hon ton m gam E cn va 8,064 lt kh O2(ktc), thu c 14,08 gam CO2
v 2,88 gam H2O. un nng m gam E vi dung dch NaOH (d) th c ti a 2,80 gam NaOH phn ng,
thu c dung dch T cha 6,62 gam hn hp ba mui. Khi lng mui ca axit cacboxylic trong T l:
A. 3,84 gam. B. 2,72 gam. C. 3,14 gam. D. 3,90 gam.
Hng dn gii:
n CO 0,32
2
n H2O 0,16 n O trong E 0,08 n E 0,04
BTNT.O

n 0,36
Ta c: O2

BTKL
m 0,32 . 12 0,16 . 2 0,08 . 16 5,44 gam
Ta c: C : H : O 0,32 : 0,32 : 0,08 m E n chc E : C8H8O2
Sau phn ng thy phn thu c 3 mui este ca phenol
Gi s mol este ca phenol l A, este ca ancol l y
H O : 0,03
C8 H8O2 NaOH T 2
0,04 0,07 6,02 gam
ancol ROH : 0,01

BTKL
MROH 108 C6 H5CH2OH
HCOONa : 0,01
HCOOCH 2 C6 H5 : 0,01

E :
T : CH3COONa: 0,03
CH3COOC6 H5 : 0,03 C H ONa : 0,03
6 5

GV: Nguyn Th Qunh Nhi (Th. S Ha Hc) Trang 20

 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC

mHCOONa mCH3COONa 3,14 gam

Cu 6: (Cu 33. TMH 2017) t chy hon ton a gam triglixerit X cn va 4,83 mol O2, thu
c 3,42 mol CO2 v 3,18 mol H2O. Mt khc, cho a gam X phn ng va vi dung dch NaOH, thu
c b gam mui. Gi tr ca b l:
A. 53,16. B. 57,12. C. 60,36. D. 54,84.
Hng dn gii: [Vn dng]
Bo ton Oxi : n cht bo =0,06 ; m cht bo=53,16 ; dng BTKL
Cht bo c 6O nn 6ncht bo = nO.
BT.O: 6ncht bo + 4,83.2 = 3,42.2 + 3,18 ncht bo = 0,06 mol;
BTKL: mcht bo = mC + mH + mO
= 3,42.12 + 3,18.2 + 0,06.6.16 = 53,16 (gam)
BTKL cho phn ng x phng ha cht bo:
mchtbo + mNaOH = mmui + mglixerol 53,16 + 0,06.3.40 = mmui + 0,06.92
b = mmui = 54,84 (gam).
Bnh lun: Cu ny thc ra l ch li t thi Cao ng 2014 (30. C- 2014)
Cu 7: (Cu 17. TMH 2 2017) Thy phn este X (C 4H6O2) trong mi trng axit, thu c
anehit. Cng thc ca X l:
A. CH3COOCH3. B. CH3COOCH=CH2. C. CH2=CHCOOCH3. D. HCOOCH2CH=CH2.
Cu 8: (Cu 22. TMH 2 2017) Hnh v sau y m t th nghim iu ch cht hu c Y:

Phn ng no sau y xy ra trong th nghim trn?

A. 2C6H12O6 + Cu(OH)2 (C6H11O6)2Cu + H2O
H SO ,t o
B. CH3COOH + C2H5OH
2 4
CH3COOC2H5 + H2O
C. H2NCH2COOH + NaOH H2NCH2COONa + H2O
D. CH3COOH + NaOH CH3COONa + H2O
Hng dn gii:
- Dung dch X l hn hp gm axit cacboxylic, anol v H 2SO4 c. Khi ung nng hi este bay ln v
c dn qua ng sinh hn (mc ch l ngng t este) cht hu c Y c trong ng nghim l este (v
este nh hn nc nn n i ln trn dung dch) ngoi ra cn c ancol v axit (v y l phn ng thun
nghch).
Cu 9: (Cu 32. TMH 2 2017) Cho s chuyn ha sau:
0 0
X
CH3OH/HCl,t
Y
C 2H 5OH/HCl,t
Z
NaOH(d)
T
Bit X l axit glutamic, Y, Z, T l cc cht hu c cha nit. Cng thc phn t ca Y v T ln lt l
A. C6H12O4NCl v C5H7O4Na2N. B. C6H12O4N v C5H7O4Na2N.
C. C7H14O4NCl v C5H7O4Na2N. D. C7H15O4NCl v C5H8O4Na2NCl.
Hng dn gii:
- Cc phn ng xy ra l:
HCl
HOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOH + CH3OH o HOOC-CH2-CH2-CH(NH2)-COOCH3 + H2O
t
HOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COOCH3 + HCl HOOCCH2CH2CH(NH3Cl)COOCH3 (Y)
HCl
HOOCCH2CH2CH(NH3Cl)COOCH3 + C2H5OH
o
t
C2H5OOCCH2CH2CH(NH3Cl)COOCH3 (Z)+ H2O
C2H5OOCCH2CH2CH(NH3Cl)COOCH3 + 3NaOH

NaOOCCH2CH2CH(NH2)COONa (T) + CH3OH + C2H5OH + NaCl

GV: Nguyn Th Qunh Nhi (Th. S Ha Hc) Trang 21

 TI LIU LUYN THI C H & BI DNG KIN THC HO HC
Cu 10: (Cu 38. TMH 2 2017) Hn hp E gm hai este n chc, l ng phn cu to ca nhau
v u cha vng benzen. t chy hon ton m gam E cn va 8,064 lt kh O 2 (ktc), thu c
14,08 gam CO2 v 2,88 gam H2O. Mt khc, cho m gam E phn ng ti a vi dung dch cha 2,4
gam NaOH, thu c dung dch T cha hai mui. Khi lng mui ca axit cacboxylic trong T l:
A. 1,64 gam. B. 2,72 gam. C. 3,28 gam. D. 2,46 gam.
Hng dn gii:
2n n H 2O
- Khi t m gam E ta c: BT:O
n E n COO CO2 0,04 mol
2
n 2n
- C CO2 : H2O 8 : 8 , vy CTPT ca hai este trong E l C8H8O2 (1)
nE nE
- Theo bi th khi cho E tc dng vi NaOH thu c dung dch T cha hai mui (2)
T cc d kin (1) v (2) suy ra 2 este HCOO-CH2C6H5 (A) v HCOOC6H4CH3 (B)
n A n B n E n A 0,02 mol
- Xt hn hp mui T ta c:
n A 2n B n NaOH n B 0,02 mol
- Vy: mHCOONa = 0,04.68 = 2,72 gam

2007 2008 2009

CAO NG M : 231 CAO NG M : 140 CAO NG M : 472
KHI A M : 182 KHI A M : 263 KHI A M : 825
KHI B M : 285 KHI B M : 185 KHI B M : 637
D B M : 860
2010 2011 2012
CAO NG M : 516 CAO NG M : 812 CAO NG M : 648
KHI A M : 596 KHI A M : 482 KHI A M : 384
KHI B M : 174 KHI B M : 794 KHI B M : 359

2013 2014 2015

CAO NG M : 279 CAO NG M : 739 M : 748
KHI A M : 374 KHI A M : 825
KHI B M : 537 KHI B M : 739

2016 2017
M : 357 M :

GV: Nguyn Th Qunh Nhi (Th. S Ha Hc) Trang 22