Design of Square Key and Keyway (Wood Ruff) Stress, Shear and Torque

Machine Design Applications

Gear Design Data and Engineering

Design of Square Key and Keyway (Wood Ruff) Stress, Shear and Torque Equations and Calculator

ALL calculators require a Premium Membership

Premium Member login Required to Access this Calculator Resource

Member Login
E-Mail or Username
E-Mail or Username
Password
Password
Login Forgot password?

Lost password?
E-Mail or Username
E-Mail or Username

Related:

Standard Metric Keys and Keyway Bores

Metric Keyways Dimensions ISO/R773
ANSI Woodruff Keys
Stress Concentration Shaft
Shaft Stress and Deflection
Motor Mass Torque Equation and Calculator

Torque Applied to Key

T = F / (D/2)
or
F = T / (D/2)

Shear Stress
= T Ks / [ W L (D / 2) N ]
Factor of Safety
Fs = S s /

Service Factors

Tight Fit Key / Key slot

Ks = Ka Kd / Kf

Slide Fit Key / Key slot

Ks = Ka Kd / Kw

Where:

= Shear Stress
S s = Yield Stress of Key
T = Torque
F = Force
D = Shaft Diameter
W = Width
L = Length
Ks = Service Factor
Ka = Application Factor
Kd = Keyway application Factor
Kf = Fatigue Life Factor
Kw = Wear Life Factor
Fs = Design Factor of Safety
N = Number of Keys (same size)

Keyway application design factor Kd

Coupling Design Kd

Fixed (tight fit) while loaded 1

Sliding Fit - Axial motion along the shaft when unloaded. 3
Sliding along shaft with loading 9

Application factors Ka

Application Factor Ka (DIN 3990-1)

Driven Component Loading

Driving Component Loading
Uniform Light shock Moderate Shock Heavy Shock
Uniform 1.0 1.25 1.5 1.75
Light Shock 1.1 1.35 1.6 1.85
Moderate Shock 1.25 1.5 1.75 2.0
Heavy Shock 1.5 1.75 2.0 2.25 or Higher

Characteristics of the Driving Component

Uniform: electric motor, steam or gas turbine (small, rarely occurring starting torques)
Light Shock: electric motor, steam or gas turbine (large, frequently occurring starting torques)
Moderate Shock: multiple cylinder internal combustion engines
Heavy Shock: single cylinder internal combustion engines

Characteristics of the Driven Component

Uniform: Steady load current generator, uniformly loaded conveyor belt or platform conveyor, worm conveyor, light lifts, packing
machinery, feed drives for machine tools, ventilators, light-weight centrifuges, centrifugal pumps, agitators and mixers for light liquids
or uniform density materials, shears, presses, stamping machines, vertical gear, running gear
Light Shock: Non-uniformly (i.e. with piece or batched components) loaded conveyor belts or platform conveyors, machine-tool main
drives, heavy lifts, crane slewing gear, industrial and mine ventilators, heavy centrifuges, centrifugal pumps, agitators and mixers for
viscous liquids or substances of non-uniform density, multi-cylinder piston pumps, distribution pumps, extruders (general), calendars,
rotating kilns, rolling mill stands, continuous zinc and aluminium strip mills, wire and bar mills
Moderate Shock: Rubber extruders, continuously operating mixers for rubber and plastics, ball mills (light), wood-working machines
(gang saws, lathes), billet rolling mills, lifting gear, single cylinder piston pumps
Heavy Shock: Excavators (bucket wheel drives), bucket chain drives, sieve drives, power shovels, ball mills (heavy), rubber kneaders,
crushers (stone, ore), foundry machines, heavy distribution pumps, rotary drills, brick presses, de-barking mills, peeling machines, cold
strip c, e, briquette presses, breaker mills

Key distribution factor Km

Misalignment of load factor Km

Misalignment (in/in) 1/2" 1" 2" 4"
face width face width face width face width
0,001 1.0 1.0 1.0 1.5
0,002 1.0 1.0 1.5 2.0
0,004 1.0 1.5 2.0 2.5
0,008 1.5 2.0 2.5 3.0

Table showing fatigue life factors for splines Kf

Fatigue life factor Kf

Torque cycles
Unidirectional Fully reversed
1,000 1.8 1.8
10,000 1.0 1.0
100,000 0.5 0.4
1,000,000 0.4 0.3
10,000,000 0.3 0.2

Table showing wear life factors for splines Kw

Life Revolutions of Key Wear factor Kf

10,000 4.0
100,000 2.8
1 000,000 2.0
10,000,000 1.4
100,000,000 1.0
1000,000,000 0.7
10,000,000,000 0.5
 Copyright 2000 - 2017, by Engineers Edge, LLC www.engineersedge.com
All rights reserved
Disclaimer | Feedback | Advertising | Contact

User Reviews/Comments:

There are currently no comments available.

Add a Comment (you must be logged in to post comment Register):

Name:

Email: (Optional)

Comment:

Add

Membership
Register | Login

Search

Home
Engineering Book Store
Engineering Forum
Excel App. Downloads
Online Books & Manuals
Engineering News
Engineering Videos
Engineering Calculators
Engineering Toolbox
Engineering Jobs
GD&T Training Geometric
Dimensioning Tolerancing
DFM DFA Training
Training Online Engineering
Advertising Center
Print Webpage

Copyright Notice