Findings/Conclusion:

Transformer are static machine capable of changing of the voltage at one level to another level
of a lower or higher value without any change in frequency.Basically a transformer consists of
two separate windings wound on the same iron core.

When mutual induction is permitted between two coils or windings, a change in current flowing
through one coil induces a voltage upon the other coil. All transformers have a primary winding
and one or more secondary windings. The electromagnetic coupling between the primary and
secondary windings allows electrical energy to be transferred from the primary winding to the
secondary winding. Electrical current entering the primary winding appears as an electromotive
force (emf) at the secondary. Connecting the secondary winding to a load allows the energy to
be transferred to the load. Since there is no electrical connection between primary and
secondary windings (only a magnetic connection), the source and load can be electrically
isolated from each other by means of a transformer.

Therefore I conclude that If the measured voltage is greater than the applied voltage,
the transformer is Additive Polarity because the polarity is such that the secondary voltage is
being added to the applied primary voltage.The red arrows indicate the relative magnitude and
direction of the primary and secondary voltages.

An understanding of polarity is essential to correctly construct three-phase transformer banks

and to properly parallel single or three-phase transformers with existing electrical systems. A
knowledge of polarity is also required to connect potential and current transformers to power
metering devices and protective relays. The basic theory of additive and subtractive polarity is
the underlying principle used in step voltage regulators where the series winding of an
autotransformer is connected to either buck or boost the applied line voltage.

Reference(s):

https://www.idc-
online.com/technical_references/pdfs/electrical_engineering/Transformer_Polarity.pdf

http://www.passmyexams.co.uk/GCSE/physics/transformers.html

https://www.linkedin.com/pulse/transformer-polarity-mike-hennesey
Answers to Problems:

1.The measured values of voltages and the rated values is almost the same because of the
deductible of the loss.

2. That the current induced in a circuit due to a change or a motion in a magnetic field is so
directed as to oppose the change in flux and to exert a mechanical force opposing the motion.

3. Step-up transformer there are more turns on the secondary coil than the primary coil. The
induced voltage across the secondary coil is greater than the applied voltage across the primary
coil or in other words the voltage has been stepped-up,While Step-down Transformer has less
turns on the secondary coil that the primary coil. The induced voltage across the secondary coil
is less the applied voltage across the primary coil or in other words the voltage is stepped-
down.Transformers are very efficient.

4. Refers to the relative direction of the induced voltages between the high voltage terminals
and the low voltage terminals.

5. Distribute power at high voltage, Eliminate double wiring, Operate 120 volt equipment from
power circuits, Isolate electrical circuits, Separate establish branch circuits, Provide 3 wire
secondary circuits, Buck Boost connection, Provide electrostatic shielding for transient noise
protection.

6.In Run 3, For the Rated voltage the same polarity did it short thats why we have a
substractive polarity.For the Measured voltage the connection is right and the polarity is
opposite thats why we just add a voltage.
University of the East

College of Engineering

Transformer
Experiment #6

Allana, Denmart L.

20141134090

4th yr. BSME

NEE-410/1 ME

Engr.Romeo Hipol.

Instructor
 University of the East

College of Engineering

Transformer Principle
Experiment #5

Allana, Denmart L.

20141134090

4th yr. BSME

NEE-410/1 ME

Engr.Romeo Hipol.

Instructor
Findings/Conclusion:

Transformer are static machine capable of changing of the voltage at one level to another level
of a lower or higher value without any change in frequency.Basically a transformer consists of
two separate windings wound on the same iron core.

The primary and secondary coils are wrapped around a core of very high magnetic
permeabillity, such as iron, so that most of the magnetic flux passes through both the primary
and secondary coils

I conclude that when the incandescent lamp is connected to the secondary winding of a
transformer respond with and without core the bulb are dont have a light, and also I conclude
that If there are more turns of wire on the primary than on the secondary,the output voltage will
be the lower than the input voltage.

Reference(s):

http://www.electronics-tutorials.ws/transformer/transformer-basics.html

http://idesystems.co.uk/wp-content/uploads/2015/09/basic-principles-of-a-transformer.pdf

https://www.galco.com/comp/prod/trnsfmrs.html

http://css.wsu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2012/09/Transformers1.pdf
Answers to Question:

1. When the incandescent lamp is connected to the secondary winding of a transformer respond
with and without core the bulb are dont have a light.

2. Influence of transformers and have strong influence on the power flow provide the core of
the transmission.

3. Regarding the transformer ratio, the number of turns are almost proportional.

4. Because,There are more turns of wire on the primary winding than on the secondary winding.