Introduction

ChE 364: Mass Transfer

Dr Rami Jumah
Department of Chemical Engineering
Jordan University of Science and Technology
Why do chemical engineers need to
study transport phenomena?

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How much do we need to know?

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Transport Processes

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Momentum Transfer Examples

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Heat Transfer Examples

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Mass Transfer Examples

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Microscopic and Macroscopic Balances

v(x,y,z,t), T(x,y,z,t), C(x,y,z,t)

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Introduction

Salt

Takes place easily

according to 2nd law of
Salt thermodynamics of
water solution

Difficult to take place

Salt
salt because it needs
solution water external energy

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RP
P

Stock Separation R RP Separation process

process to purify P

Feed Separation Output streams different

stream process in composition

Separating matter
and/or energy

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Examples of Mass Transfer Operations
Separation of phases only
G L
L+G L+S
(Flash Drums) (Filter or gravity settler)

L S
Transfer of some components from one stream to another V
L most A + B

Inert V
Gas A
+ inert A + some A L (A +B)
L Heat
L
L + most of A most B + A
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Classification of Mass Transfer Operations
Evaporation: evaporation of a volatile solvent from a nonvolatile solute
Example: water from nonvolatile solute (salt)
Drying: removal of volatile liquids, eg. water, from solid materials
Distillation: components of a liquid mixture are separated by boiling due to
differences in vapor pressure.
Absorption: removal of a component from a gas stream by treatment with a
liquid
Membrane separation: separation of a solute from a fluid by diffusion of the
solute from a liquid or gas through a semi-permeable membrane barrier to the
other fluid
Liquid-liquid extraction: removal of a solute from a liquid solution by
contacting with another liquid solvent that is relatively immiscible with the
solution

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Examples of Mass Transfer Operations
Adsorption: removal of a component (adsorbate) from a gas or liquid stream
by adsorption on a solid material (adsorbent)

Ion exchange: removal of certain ions in a solution from a liquid by an ion-

exchange solid

Liquid-solid leaching: removal of a solute from a solid (containing the solute)

by treating with a liquid that dissolves out the solute from the solid.
Crystallization: removal of a solute, such as a salt from a solution, by
precipitation the solute from the solution
Mechanical-physical separation: separation of solids, liquids, or gases by
mechanical means.

Examples: filtration, centrifugation, settling, and size reduction.

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 Reading assignment:
Chapter 1 in Geankoplis

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