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Depok, September 2017

Tim Dosen :
Charlie Wu
Reza Syahputra
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424
Transporatation medium,
transportation current, Reynolds
Number, Hjlstrom Diagram,
erosional transformation

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM


UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424
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Wentworth Scale Clay, Silt, and Mudrock

What are the clay minerals?


Does each clay minerals have specific
character? Explain in details.
Where did they come from?

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Transport Mechanism

What is the transport mechanism in


sedimentation?
How many kinds of transportation medium
do you know?
How does the sediment clast move?

How come it is being transported?

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FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424
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Transport Medium

Liquid (water) overland flow and channel flow; waves,


tides, ocean current
Non-liquid
- gravity rock fall, debris fall, turbidity current;
- wind/air
- ice

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Transport Current in Sedimentation (Fluid flow)

Flow characteristics (depth, width, velocity) do not


change with time steady flow
Flow characteristics (depth, width, velocity) do not
change from place to place uniform flow
Streamline imaginary line drawn parallel to local
mean flow direction
Discharge (Q) = volume of
Steady and uniform flow
water flowing through a cross
a1
section of channel per unit
a2 time.
Streamline
Q=wdU
Mean flow velocity
Width of flow Mean flow depth
Plan view
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Transport Current in Sedimentation (Fluid flow)

Laminar flows all molecules within the fluid move


parallel to each other in the direction of transport. In
heterogenous fluid almost no mixing occurs during
laminar flow.
Turbulent flows molecules in the fluid move in all
directions but with a net movement in the transport
direction. Heterogeneous fluids are thoroughly mixed in
turbulent flows.

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Re = ..D/

FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM


UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424
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Reynold Number

Flows can be assigned a parameter called a Reynolds


number (Re), named after Osborne Reynolds who
documented the distinction between laminar and
turbulent motion in the late 19th century. Its
dimensionless
Re = .l/
= the velocity of flow
l = length (the diameter of a pipe or depth of flow in an open
channel)
= the ratio between the density of the fluid and viscosity of the
fluid (the fluid kinematic viscosity)

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Reynold Number

Fluid flow in pipes and channels is found to be laminar


when the Re value is <500 and turbulent at >2000.
With increased velocity the flow is more likely to be
turbulent and a transition from laminar to turbulent flow
in the fluid occurs.
Laminar flow occurs in debris flows in moving ice and in
lava flows, all of which have high kinematic viscosities.
Fluids with low kinematic viscosity, such as air, are
turbulent at low velocities so all natural flows in air that
can transport particles are turbulent.

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Transport Particle in Fluids

Rolling the clasts


move by rolling along
at the bottom of the
air or water flow
without losing contact
with the bed surface.
Saltation the
particles move in a
short distance and
series of jumps.
Suspension Floating

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Transport Particle in Fluids

FD Drag Force
What if we want to make
it move upward? Can we
applied the same force?

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Transport Particle by Wind

The geometry and dynamics of particle trajectories,


including the distributions of jump height and jump
distance
The effects of wind velocity and of sediment size, sorting,
and particle shape on mode of saltation and on saltation
transport rates.
The effect of unsteadiness of the wind on saltation
The effect of the saltation cloud on the structure of the
near-surface wind

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SEPTEMBER 2017
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FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM
UNIVERSITAS INDONESIA
Kampus UI Depok, Depok 16424
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Hjlstrom Diagram

The fluid velocity at which a particle becomes entrained


in the flow can be referred to as the critical velocity.
If the forces acting on a particle in a flow are considered
then a simple relationship between the critical velocity
and the mass of the particle would be expected.
A simple linear relationship between the flow velocity
and the drag and lift forces can be applied to sand and
gravel, but when fine grain sizes are involved things are
more complicated.

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The Hjlstrom diagram shows the relationship between the velocity of a water flow and the transport of loose grains. Once a
grain has settled it requires more energy to start it moving than a grain that is already in motion. The cohesive properties of
clay particles mean that fine-grained sediments require relatively high velocities to re-erode them once they are deposited,
especially once they are compacted. (From Press & Siever 1986.)
Terima Kasih
SEDIMENTOLOGY
FAKULTAS MATEMATIKA DAN ILMU PENGETAHUAN ALAM

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