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Ephesians 4:32

Forgive as you have


been forgiven.

Principles of Teaching
LEARNING
Any change in the behavior of an organism.
Mental activity by which knowledge, skills, habits, attitudes and ideals are acquired, retained and applied resulting in the
advanced adaptation and modification of conduct as well as of behavior.
THEORIES OF LEARNING
1. Mind Theory The mind has mental powers or faculties, such as memory reason, judgement and the like which
Christian Wolf function as a separate entity that can be improved through exercise or use.
2. Progressivism Believes that learning is an active and dynamic process in which the learner is definitely involved.
Learning is an active, purposeful and a creative process.
3. Behaviorism Learning as any change in the behavior of an organism. This change may range from the acquisition of
J.B. Watson knowledge, simple skill, specific attitude and opinions or it may also refer to innovation, elimination or
modification of responses.
4. Gestalts Learning View Gestalt is a German term meaning pattern, shape, form or configuration
The whole is more than the sum of its parts and the whole gets its meaning from its parts.
Conception of experience at any given moment is determined by the totality of its related phases which
constitute an integral pattern or configuration.
5. Connectionists Theory Learning is the product of the connection between the stimulus and response (Association Learning)
Edward Lee Thorndike
LAWS OF LEARNING
Law of Readiness Law of Exercise Law of Effect Law of Belongingness
States that allowing an organism Constant repetition of a response When a modifiable connection The strength of connection is
to respond to a stimulus where he strengthens its connection with between a stimulus and a increased if the paired stimuli
is prepared would be satisfying the stimulus, while disuse of a response has been made, it is possess similarities.
while preventing him would be response weakens it. strengthened, if it results
frustrating. This is associated with Law of use: the more satisfaction and weakens if it leads
the mindset. frequent the situation and to annoyance.
response is utilized, the
stronger the connection.
Law of disuse: when the
connection between the
stimulus and response is not
used over a period of time,
connection is weakened.
Law of Association Law of Multiple Response Law of Frequency Law of Recency
Process of relating two or more Different reactions or responses The often the response is repeated The response which has been
experiences to each other. are elicited by the same stimulus the greater is its tendency for its exercised and rewarded most
use when the right situation occurs. recently is the one which is most
likely to occur when the organism is
in a given situation.
WAYS OF LEARNING
1. Trial and Error 2. Learning by Conditioning
Attempts to meet a situation in various Changing the meaning of a situation by associating it with some past experience of new
ways until the correct responses are stimuli that brought about satisfaction or dissatisfaction to the learner through repetition.
found more or less accidentally. Involves 2.a Classical conditioning 2.b. Operant conditioning
random reaction and accidental success. Ivan Pavlov BF Skinner
3. Learning by observation and Imitation 4. Insight 5. Learning by Motivation
Learning is done through directing the Higher level of trial and error Motivation is the process of arousing
attention to a specific element considered Refers to the ability to foresee things and the individuals attention and interest
worthy or mental record and reproducing directed towards a definite goal

DR. CARL E. BALITA REVIEW CENTER TEL. NO. 735-4098/7350740 -1-


the recorded elements as the need is based on the react in advance Types of Motivation
arises. Suggests that the degree of insight Intrinsic natural Extrinsic
increases with age. desire to learn motivation based on
rewards and
punishment

HIERARCHY OF QUESTIONS

EVALUATION
Trains ability to appraise, criticize or judge the worth of an
idea, a statement or a plan on the basis of a set of criteria
provided to them or which they themselves have
developed.
1. Evaluate the achievements of the Aquino
administration.
2. What do you think about your work so far?
KEYWORDS: Judge, Select, Evaluate, Decide, Which do
SYNTHESIS you prefer, Criticize, Rate, Assess
Trains ability to put together or integrate a number of ideas or facts into
new arrangement. Common focus is the summary of the lesson either
written or oral, a proposal, a plan of action, a short story or short play, a
bulletin board display, a literary-musical program and others.
1. Put these words together to form a complete sentence.
2. What plans do you have in mind to make the festival more
joyous?
KEYWORDS: Develop, Create, Make up, Propose, Formulate a
ANALYSIS solution, Summarize

Trains ability to breakdown an idea into parts, to distinguish these parts and know
their relationships to one another. The student is able to differentiate essential from
non-essential data, a fact from generalization, an assumption from a conclusion and
select facts which are essential to support a hypothesis.
1. What are the misconceptions presented in the text?
2. Which part of the article is factual and which part is theoretical?
APPLICATION KEYWORDS: Discriminate, Categorize, Detect, Analyze, Classify, Distinguish, Take
part, Diagram
Transfer what students have learned to new situations with little or no supervision. Student is
expected to put some skills into practice, solve problems and construct something.
1. If you had ten inches of water in your basement and a hose, how would you use the hose
to get the water out?
2. How would you use your knowledge on latitude ang longitude to late the Philippines in the
map?
COMPREHENSION KEYWORDS: Plan, Solve, Apply, Build, Develop, Construct, Demonstrate
Trains to understand oral and written communications and make use of them.
1. Explain in your own words the Solar and Lunar eclipse phenomena.
2. Compare and contrast the atmosphere of the Earth and Mars.
3. Predict what will happen to the Philippine economy during the ASEAN Integration 2015.
KNOWLEDGE KEYWORDS: Compare, Predict, Illustrate, Estimate, Explain, Conclude
Trains ability to recall, bring to mind items learned previously such as names, places, figures, events, etc. Correct answer
is usually a verbatim repetition of knowledge acquired from a specific source.
1. When did Magellan arrive in the Philippines?
2. Identify the people who participated in the Philippine Revolution.
KEYWORDS: List, Recall, State, D, Tell, Identify, Describe

BENJAMIN BLOOMS TAXONOMY OF EDUCATIONAL OBJECTIVES

DR. CARL E. BALITA REVIEW CENTER TEL. NO. 735-4098/7350740 -2-

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