Atal Bihari Vajpayee-

Indian Institute of Information Technology and Management Gwalior

Engineering Mathematics I (AS101)

Exercise 3

1. Which of the following maps are linear?

(a) T : R R3 defined by T (x) = (x, 2x, 3x)

(b) T : R R3 defined by T (x) = (x, x2 , x3 )
(c) T : R2 R2 defined by T (x, y) = (2x + 3y, 3x 4y)
(d) T : R3 R3 defined by T (x, y, z) = (x2 + xy, xy, yz)
(e) T : R3 R2 defined by T (x, y, z) = (x, y)
(f) T : R3 R2 defined by T (x, y, z) = (x + y + z, 0)
(g) T : P P defined by T (p) = p2 + p
(h) T : P P defined by T (p)(x) = xp(x) + p(1)
(i) T : P P defined by T (p) = p(0)
(j) T : P P defined by T (p)(x) = 2 + 3x + 7x2 p(x)
(k) T : P P defined by T (p)(x) = p(0) + xp (0) + x2
2! p (0)
(l) T : P P defined by T (p) = p

2. Determine whether there exists a linear map in the following cases, and where it does exist
give the general formula.

(a) T : R2 R2 such that T (1, 2) = (3, 0) and T (2, 1) = (1, 2)

(b) T : R2 R2 such that T (2, 1) = (2, 1) and T (1, 2) = (4, 2)
(c) T : R2 R2 such that T (0, 1) = (3, 4),T (3, 1) = (2, 2) and T (3, 2) = (5, 7)
(d) T : R3 R3 such that T (0, 1, 2) = (3, 1, 2) and T (1, 1, 1) = (2, 2, 2)
(e) T : P 3 P 3 such that T (1 + x) = 1 + x , T (2 + x) = x + 3x2 and T (x2 ) = 0
(f) T : P 4 P 3 such that T (1 + x) = 1,T (x) = 3 and T (x2 ) = 4

3. Determine a nonzero linear transformation T : R2 R2 , which maps all the vectors on the
line x = y onto the origin.

4. Determine a linear transformation T : R2 R2 , which maps all the vectors on the line
x + y = 0 onto themselves T ! = I

5. Determine the range of the following linear transformations. Also find the rank of T , where
it exists.

(a) T : R2 R2 defined by T (x1 , x2 ) = (x1 + x2 , x1 )

(b) T : R2 R3 defined by T (x1 , x2 ) = (x1 , x1 + x2 , x2 )
(c) T : R3 R3 defined by T (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = ( x21 + x2 + x3 , x1 x2
3 , x3 )

1
 (d) T : R3 R3 defined by T (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x1 , x3 , x2 )
(e) T : R4 R3 defined by T (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) = (x1 x4 , x2 + x3 , x3 x4 )
(f) T : R3 R4 defined by T (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x1 , x1 + x2 , x1 + x2 + x3 , x3 )
(g) T : R4 R4 defined by T (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) = (3x1 + 2x2 , x1 x3 , x31 x4 , x2 )
(h) T : P P defined by T (p)(x) = xp(x)
(i) T : P P defined by T (p)(x) = xp (x)
(j) T : P P defined by T (p)(x) = p (x) 2p(x)

6. Determine the kernel of the linear transformations of above problem. Also find the nullity of
T , where it exists.

7. Find a linear transformation T : R3 R3 such that the set of all vectors (x1 , x2 , x3 ) satisfying
the equation 4x1 3x2 + x3 = 0 is the kernel of T .

8. Find a linear transformation T : R3 R3 such that the set of all vectors (x1 , x2 , x3 ) satisfying
the equation 4x1 3x2 + x3 = 0 is the range of T .

9. Let T : R4 R3 be a linear map defined by T (e1 ) = (1, 1, 1), T (e2 ) = (1, 1, 1), T (e3 ) =
(1, 0, 0), and T (e4 ) = (1, 0, 1). Then verify that
r(T ) + n(T ) = dimU (= R4 ) = 4.

10. Show that each of the following maps is non singular and find its inverse:

(a) T : R2 R2 defined by T (x1 , x2 ) = (a1 x1 , a2 x2 ), where a1 and a2 are both nonzero.

(b) T : R3 R3 defined by T (x1 , x2 , x3 ) = (x1 + x2 + x3 , x3 + x2 , x3 ).
(c) T : P 2 P 2 defined by
T (a0 x + a1 x + a2 x2 ) = (a0 + a1 ) + (a1 + 2a2 )x + (a0 + a1 + 3a2 )x2 .

11. In the problems given below, determine the matrix (T : B1 , B2 ) for the given linear transfor-
mation T and the bases B1 and B2

(a) T : R2 R2 , T (x, y) = (x, y).

(i) B1 = {e1 , e2 }, B2 = {(1, 1), (1, 1)}
(ii) B1 = {(1, 1), (1, 0)}, B2 = {(2, 3), (4, 5)}
(b) T : R3 R2 , T (x, y, z) = (x + y, y + z).
(i) B1 = {(1, 1, 1), (1, 0, 0), (1, 1, 0)}, B2 = {e1 , e2 }
(ii) B1 = {(1, 1, 23 ), (1, 2, 1), (2, 3, 21 )}, B2 = {(1, 3), ( 12 , 1)}
(c) T : R4 R5 ,
T (x1 , x2 , x3 , x4 ) = (2x1 + x2 , x2 x3 , x3 + x4 , x1 , x1 + x2 + 3x3 + x4 ).
(i) B1 = {(1, 2, 3, 1), (1, 0, 0, 1), (0, 1, 1, 1)}
(ii) B2 = {e1 , e2 , e3 , e4 , e5 }.