1. ASK, PSK, FSK, and QAM are examples of _________ 27.
27. For a PCM system with a maximum decoded voltage at
encoding. the receiver of 2.55 V and minimum dynamic range of 46 b. Digital-to-analog dB, determine the maximum quantization error. 2. Unipolar, bipolar, and polar encoding are types of 0.005 V ___________ encoding. 28. Determine the bandwidth efficiency for QPSK a. Digital-to-digital modulation scheme at a transmission rate of 10 Mbps. 3. PCM is an example of __________ encoding. 2 bits/cycle d. Analog-to-digital 29. A modulator converts a (an) ______ signal to a (an) 4. AM and FM are examples of ________ encoding. __________ signal. c. Analog-to analog Digital, analog 5. In QAM, both phase and ________ of a carrier 30. Which of the following modulation techniques are used frequency are varied. by modems? a. Amplitude All of the above 6. Which of the following is most affected by noise? 31. A broadcast TV channel has a bandwidth of 6 MHz. b. ASK Ignoring noise, calculate the maximum data rate that could 7. If the frequency spectrum of a signal has a bandwidth of be carried in a TV channel using a 16-level code and 500 Hz with the highest frequency at 600 Hz, what should determine the minimum possible signal-to-noise ratio in dB be the sampling rate according to the Nyquist theorem? for the calculated data rate. d. 1200 samples/sec 48 Mbps, 24 dB 8. If the baud rate is 400 for a 4-PSK, the bit rate is ______ 32. Which of the following modems uses FSK modulation? bps. Bell 103 c. 800 35. What is the bandwidth required to transmit at a rate of 9. Determine the channel capacity of a 4 kHz channel with 10Mbits/sec in the presence of a 28 dB S/N ratio? S/N = 10 dB. 1.075 MHz c. 13.74 kbps 38. A ______ is a device that is a source of or a destination 10. If the bit rate for an ASK signal is 1200 bps, the baud for binary digital data. rate is Data terminal equipment d. 1200 39. An asynchronous communications system uses ASCII 11. Which encoding method uses alternating positive and at 9600 bps with eight bits, one start bit, one stop bit and negative values for 1s? no parity bit. Express the data rate in words per minute. d. AMI (Assume a word has five characters and one space). 12. If the maximum value of a PCM signal is 31 and the 9600 wpm minimum value is -31, how many bits were used for 40. A telephone line has a bandwidth of 3.2 kHz and a coding? signal-to-noise ratio of 34 dB. A signal is transmitted down c. 6 this line using a four-level code. What is the maximum 13. Deliberate violations of alternate mark inversion are theoretical data rate ? used in which type of digital-to-digital encoding? 12.8 kbps B8ZS 41. For a binary phase shift keying (BPSK) modulation with 14. RZ encoding involves _______ levels of signal a carrier frequency of 80 MHz and an input bit rate of 10 amplitude. Mbps. Determine the minimum Nyquist bandwidth. 3 10 MHz 15. If the transmission rate of a digital communication 43. For a quaternary phase shift keying (QPSK) system of 10 Mbps modulation scheme used in 16-QAM, modulation, data with a carrier frequency of 70 MHz, and determined the bandwidth efficiency. input bit rate of 10 Mbps, determine the minimum Nyquist 4 bits/cycle bandwidth. 16. In _________ transmission, bits are transmitted 5 MHz simultaneously, each across its own channel . 44. 12 voice channels are sampled at 8000 sampling rate Parallel and encoded into 8-bit PCM word. Determine the rate of 25. The signal between two modems is always the data stream. Analog 768 kbps 26. For digital communications, determine the signal to 45. The encoding method specified in the EIA-232 noise ratio in dB which would be required for an ideal standard is _________. channel with a bandwidth of 2500 Hz. NRZ-L 4.77 dB 46. A binary digital signal is to be transmitted at 10 Kbits/s , what absolute minimum bandwidth is required to pass the fastest information change undistorted? 5 kHz 5 47. A coherent binary phase shift keyed (BPSK) transmitter 73. How many messages may be acknowledged on a operates at a bit rate of Mbps with a carrier to noise ratio BiSync link? C/N of 8.8 dB. Find Eb/No. 1 8.8 dB 74. Which code set is used to BiSync when using 50. For sample rate of 30 kHz in a PCM system, determine VRC/LRC but not operating in transparency mode the maximum analog input frequency . ASCII 15 kHz 101. It is defined as knowledge or intelligence that is 51. Two-state (binary) communications systems are better communicated between two or more points. because Information The components are simpler, less costly, and more 102. What is the category of data transmission if the binary reliable pulse is maintained for the entire bit time? 52. Codes are always Return to zero Agreed upon in advance between sender receiver 104. These are used for transmission of PCM encoded 53. DCE and DTE time division multiplexed digital signal. Refer to the modem and the computer or terminal, T carriers respectively 105. Which of the following is not a typical FDM 54. The correctness and the accuracy of the transmitted application? message content is Secure communications Determined by the sender and receiver, not by the 107. A pulse modulation technique as the width of a communications system constant amplitude pulse is varied proportional to the 58. Asynchronous transmission amplitude of the analog signal at the time the signal is Is less efficient than synchronous, but simpler sampled. 59. The amount of uncertainty in a system of symbols is All of these also called 108. The FDM telephone systems accommodate many Entropy channels by 60. Redundancy measures Using multiple levels of multiplexing How likely symbols are to be repeated 109. It is the transmittal of digitally modulated analog 61. Loading refers to the addition of signals (carrier) between two or more points in a Inductance communications system. 62. Transmission of binary signals requires Digital modulation More bandwidth than analog 110. Indicate which of the following systems is digital. 64. What is one principal difference between synchronous Pulse-code modulation and asynchronous transmission? 111. Classification of protocol that interprets a frame of The clocking is derived from the data in synchronous data as a group of successive bit combined into transmission predetermined pattern of fixed length, usually 8 bits each. 65. Synchronous modems cost more than asynchronous Character and Byte-oriented protocols modems because 112. Dividing the data block by a constant produces a They must contain clock recovery circuits remainder that is used for error detection. It is called the 66. The scrambler in a synchronous modem is in the Cyclic redundancy check Transmitter section 113. Which of the following is not a benefit of spread 67. Binary codes are sometimes transformed in modems spectrum? into Noise proof Gray code 114. Converting analog signals to digital is done by 68. The digital-to-analog converter in a synchronous sampling and ___________. modem sends signals to the Quantizing Equalizer 115. It is a process of converting an infinite number of 69. The transmission signal coding method for T1 carrier is possibilities to a finite number of conditions. called Quantization Bipolar 116. In T1, it is equal to the reciprocal of the sample rate 70. The receiver equalizer in a synchronous modem is Frame time called 117. What is the final output of a multiplexer? An adaptive equalizer Composite baseband 71. Communications protocols always have a 118. The baud rate Set of symbols is equal to twice the bandwidth of an ideal channel 72. The Baudot code uses how many bits per symbol? 119. Bit errors in data transmission are usually caused by 141. A quantizing is _______. noise A/D converter 120. A digital modulation technique which is a form of 142. Refers to the rate of change of a signal on a constant amplitude angle modulation similar to standard transmission medium after encoding and modulation have frequency modulation except the modulating signal is occurred binary signal that varies between two discreet voltage baud rate levels. 143. The magnitude difference between adjacent steps in FSK quantization is called __________. 121. Start and stop bits, respectively, are Any of these Space, mark 145. A signaling system in which each letter of the alphabet 122. It is the processing of analog signals using digital is represented by a different symbol is not used because methods and includes band limiting and signals with filters, noise would introduce too many errors amplitude equalization, and phase shifting 146. A modulation process that involves conversion of a Digital Signal Processing waveform from analog to digital form by means of coding. 125. The most common method used for sampling voice PCM signals in PCM systems 147. What is the bandwidth required to transmit at a rate of flat top sampling 10 Mbps in the presence of a 28-bd S/N ratio? 126. In PCM, it converts the PAM sampled to parallel PCM 1.075 MHz codes 148. The slope of the analog signal is greater than the Analog-to-Digital converter delta modulator can maintain 128. In PAM demultiplexing, the receiver clock is derived slope overload from 149. A scheme in which several channels are interleaved the PAM signal itself and then transmitted together is known as 129. It is also known as digital modulation Time division multiplex Digital radio 150. The best frequency demodulator is the 130. Time division multiplex PLL discriminator interleaves pulses belonging to different transmissions 151. What property distinguishes digital radio systems from 131. It is a numerical indication of how efficiently a PCM conventional analog communications system? code is utilized the nature of the modulating signal Coding efficiency 153. A carrier recovery is needed with 132. Type of PCM which is designed to take advantage of DPSK the sample-to-sample redundancies in the typical speech 154. The Hartley Shannon theorem sets a limit on the waveform maximum capacity of a channel with a given noise Differential PCM level 133. The Basic Rate Interface (BRI) of ISDN has a total bit 155. The phase relationship between signaling elements rate of _____. for BPSK is the optimum signaling format and occurs only 192 kbps when two binary signal levels are allowed and when one 134. A form of angle modulated, constant amplitude signal is the exact negative of the other. digital modulation similar to conventional phase modulation Antipodal signaling except its input is binary digital signal and there are limited 156. Pulse amplitude modulation signals are multiplexed numbers of output phase possible. by using PSK FET switches 135. The main circuit in a PSN generator is ____. 157. It is the ratio of the transmission bit rate to the Shift register minimum bandwidth required for a particular modulation 136. The circuit that performs demultiplexing in an FDM scheme. system is _____. All of these Discriminator 159. It is a system where the digital signals are placed 137. __________ defines how a user gets control of the directly on the coaxial cable. channel so as to allow transmission. Baseband channel access 160. A basic group B 139. It is a the symmetrical expectation of the bit error rate Occupies the frequency range from 60 to 108 kHz in the system 161. Which of the following is not primarily type of data probability of errors communications? 140. It is simply the data rate at which serial PCM bits are a telephone clocked out of the PCM encoder onto the transmission line. 166. A modulation technique where data rates in excess of line speed 56 kbps can be achieved over telephone circuits 168. It is the process of compressing and expanding and is XOR a means of improving the dynamic range of 189. An IC that contains A/D and D/A converters, communications system. companders, and parallel-to-serial converters is called a Trellis Code Modulation Codec 169. The supergroup pilot is 191. The number of amplitude, frequency, or phase fed in at a GTE changes that take place per second is known as the 170. The time it takes to transmit one TDM frame is called baud rate _________. 192. The basic modulator and demodulator circuits in PSK Frame time are 171. It is the thermal noise power normalized to 1-Hz Balanced modulators bandwidth 193. What is the result if the input of ADC is changing while noise power density performing conversion? 172. It is the procedure used to decide which device has Aperture distortion the permission to transmit at any given time 194. Information capacity is convenient to express as Line control bits per second or bps 173. Any rounded off errors in the transmitted signal are 199. Sampling technique that when the tops of the sample reproduced when the code is converted back to analog in pulses retain their natural shape during the sample interval the receiver. Natural sampling Quantization error 200. A modem converts 174. The biggest disadvantage of PCM is Digital signals to analog and vice-versa the large bandwidths that are required for it 201. It is a large scale integration chip designed for use in 175. T1 stands for telecommunication industry for private branch exchanges, Transmission one central office switches, digital handsets and digital echo 176. Involves compression in the transmitter after the input suppressors. sample has been converted to a linear PCM code and then Codec expansion in the receiver prior to PCM coding. 202. What is the type of mastergroup used for low Digital companding capacity microwave systems? 177. Mark and space refer respectively to L600 binary 1 and binary 0 203. An FDM hierarchy which is formed by frequency 178. Variation of biphase that is used for encoding SMPTE division multiplexing five groups containing 12 channels time code data and for recording on video tapes each for a combined bandwidth of 240 kHz. Biphase - M Supergroup 179. Pulse width modulation may be generated with a monostable multivibrator 204. The result whenever the sampling rate is less than 181. A transmission of binary data which involves the twice the highest audio frequency transmission of two non zero voltage level alias Bipolar 205. The most critical and difficult part of receiving a direct 182. Switching systems sequence spread spectrum signal is improve the efficiency of data transfer 205. Synchronism 183. It involves converting standard logic levels to a form 206. An FDM hierarchy which is formed by frequency more suitable to telephone transmission lines division multiplexing 10 super groups together for a Digital line encoding combined capacity of 600 voice band message channels 184. The primary advantage of digital transmission 206. Mastergroup noise immunity 207. It is the transmittal of digital signals between to or 185. Part of the PCM system that prevents aliasing or more points in a communication system. foldover distortion 207. Digital transmittal Any of these 210. Full duplex operation 186. It is defined as the process of transforming messages all of these or signals in accordance with a definite set of rules. 211. The most widely used data communications code is Coding 211. ASCII 187. The PCM code for each channel occupies a fixed time 212. Ten bit error occurs in two million transmitted. The bit slot called error rate is Epoch 212. 5 x 10^-6 188. The building block of a parity or BCC generator is _________. 213. It is a type of FSK where the mark and space pulses of transporting the pulses from the source to frequencies are synchronized with the input binary rate destination over a physical transmission medium 213. CPFSK 231. Pulse modulation 214. A form of digital modulation similar to PSK except the 232. He is credited with inventing PCM in 1937 digital information is contained in both the amplitude and 232. A. H. Reeves the phase of the transmitted carrier. 233. Data communications uses 214. QAM 233. Digital methods 215. For the 16-PSK and a transmission system with a 234. An integrated circuit that performs the PCM encoding 10kHz bandwidth, determine the maximum bit rate and decoding functions 215. 40,000 bps 234. Codec 216. It is an empirical record of a systems actual bit error 235. A synchronous transmission usually begins with which performance. character? 216. bit error rate 235. SYN 217. It is a function of the carrier-to-noise power ratio and 236. A theory that establishes the minimum sampling rate the number of possible encoding conditions used that can be used for a given PCM systems 217. probability of error 236. Nyquist sampling theorem 218. It is used to compare two or more digital modulation 237. Sixteen different levels (symbols) are used to encode systems that use different transmission rates, modulation binary data. The channel bandwidth is 36 MHz. The scheme or encoding techniques maximum channel capacity is 218. Energy per bit-to-noise power density ratio 237. 288 Mbps 219. Indicate which of the following is not a binary code 238. Assigning PCM codes to absolute magnitudes 219. Morse 238. Quantizing 220. To permit the selection of 1 out of 16 equiprobable 239. A popular PC protocol is events, the number of bits required is 239. Xmodem 220. 4 240. It is the ratio of the largest possible magnitude to the 221. The type of modulation most often used with direct- smallest possible magnitude that can be decoded by the sequence spread spectrum is digital-to-analog converter in the receiver 221. PSK 240. Dynamic range 222. Indicate the false statement. In order to combat noise, 241. Devices used for digitizing speech signals only 222. the channel bandwidth may be increased 241. vocoders 223. Which of the following is not commonly used method 242. What is the minimum bandwidth required to transmit a of error detection? 56 kbps binary signal with no noise? 223. redundancy 242. 28 kHz 224. Quantizing noise occurs in 243. Type of PCM that uses single-bit PCM code to 224. pulse-code modulation achieve digital transmission of analog signals 225. In order to reduce quantizing noise, one must 243. Delta modulation 225. increase the number of standard amplitudes 244. It is a delta modulation system where the step size of 226. Companding is used 226. the digital-to-analog converter is automatically varied, to protect small signals in PCM form quantizing depending on the analog input signal. distortion 244. Adaptive Delta Modulation 227. Transmitting data as serial binary word is called 245. A QAM modulator does not use ____. _______. 245. XNOR 227. PCM 246. It is a form of phase-division multiplexing where two 228. Emphasizing low-level signals and compressing data channels modulate the same carrier frequency that is higher level signals is called shifted 90 degrees in phase. 228. companding 246. QAM 229. Which circuit is most common to both frequency- 247. One eight-bit PCM code is called hopping and direct-sequence spread spectrum 247. TDM frame transmitters? 248. It is communications system that uses digital pulse 229. PSN code generator rather than analog signals to encode information 230. One of the most important aspect of any 248. Digital carrier system communication system because it is costly and limited 249. A special device that upgrades signals from one level 230. bandwidth to a higher level of the hierarchy in multiplexing 231. It consist essentially of sampling analog information 249. Muldem signals and then converting those samples into discreet 250. A transmission of binary data which involves the transmission of only a single non-zero voltage level. 250. Unipolar 270. Flow control 251. If the active time of the binary pulse is less than 100% 271. A classification of protocol, which is a discipline for a of the bit time serial-by-bit information transfer over data communications 251. Return to zero channel. 252. It is a popular type of line encoding that produces a 271. Bit-oriented protocol strong timing component for clock recovery and does not 273. The magnitude of a quantum in quantization of PCM cause wandering codes. 252. Any of these 273. Resolution 253. Statistical TDMs are also called 274. It comprises of either a single L600 mastergroup or up 253. Any of these to three U600 mastergroups 254. A chip that combines the codec and filter functions in 274. Radio channel the same LSI chip 275. It is a multiplexing system similar to conventional time- 254. Combo chip division multiplexing except that it was developed to be 255. It is the basic building block of FDM hierarchy used with optical fibers 255. Message channel 275. SONET 256. It is the next higher level in the FDM hierarchy above 276. Higher order TDM levels are obtained by the basic message channel and consequently is the first 276. dividing pulse widths multiplexing step for combining message channels 277. Results when the sample exceeds the highest 256. Group quantization interval 257. It is the modulating signal in a communications 277. Overload distortion system 278. The event which marked the start of the modern 257. Baseband computer age was 258. What type of mastergroup that can be further 278. development of the transistor multiplexed and used for higher-capacity microwave radio 279. A forward error correcting code corrects errors by systems? 279. requiring no part of the signal to be transmitted 258. U600 280. The carrier used with a BPSK demodulator is 259. It is essentially the same with FDM, where several 280. The BPSK signal itself signals are transmitted using different carriers, occupying 281. Digital signals non-overlapping bands of frequency and wavelengths. 259. 281. all of these Wave division multiplexing 282. Each signal in an FDM signal 260. In order to separate channels in the TDM receiver, it is 282. modulates the main carrier necessary to use 283. In digital modulation, if the information signal is digital 260. AND gates and the amplitude of the carrier is varied proportional to the 261. To separate channels in an FDM receiver, it is information signal. necessary to use 283. Amplitude Shift Keying (ASK) 261. bandpass filters 284. Slow speed modems 262. In FDM, multiple signals 284. FSK 262. share a common bandwidth 286. Type of analog companding used in the United States 263. Frequency modulation in FDM usually accomplished and Japan with a 286. u-law companding 263. VCO 288. A longitudinal redundancy check produces 266. How many voice channels are there in supermaster 288. block check character group? 289. Multiplexing is the process of 266. 900 289. Sending multiple signals simultaneously over a 267. In a PAM/TDM system, keeping the multiplexer and single channel DEMUX channels step with one another is done by a 290. What is the relationship of bit rate and baud in QPSK 267. sync pulse and 8-PSK? 268. It is the process of volume compression before 290. bit rate is greater than baud transmission and expansion after detection. 291. A common method of achieving carrier recovery for 268. companding BPSK 269. Which of the following is correct? 291. Squaring loop 269. The bit rate may be greater than the baud rate 292. What is the relationship of bit rate and baud in FSK 270. Function of data link protocol that coordinates the rate and PSK? at which data are transported over a link and generally 292. equal provides an acknowledgement mechanism that ensures 293. The modulation used in FDM telephone system is that data are received in the destination. 293. SSB 294. In digital modulation, a diagram which is similar to 312. For an 8-PSK system, operating with an information phasor diagram except that the entire phasor is not drawn bit rate of 24 kbps, determine the bandwidth efficiency and only the peaks of the phasor are shown 312. 3 bits/cycle 294. constellation diagram 313. Element of a PCM system that periodically samples 295. Digital signals may be transmitted over the telephone the analog input signal and converts those samples to a network if multilevel PAM signal 295. they are converted to analog first 313. Sample-and-hold circuit 296. Most FDM telemetry system use 314. It is the ratio of the average carrier power to the 296. FM 314. Carrier-to-noise ratio 297. In TDM, multiple signals 316. It can be used to categorize the type of transmission 297. take turns transmitting 316. Duty cycle 298. It is highly theoretical study of efficient use of 317. Type of multiplexing where multiple sources that bandwidth to propagate information through electronic originally occupied the same frequency spectrum are each communications system converted to a different frequency band and transmitted 298. information theory simultaneously over a single transmission medium. 299. Another name for parity is 317. FDM 299. Vertical redundancy check 319. Function of data link control that specifies the means 300. It is the process of gathering data on some particular of detecting and correcting transmission errors phenomenon without the presence of human monitors 319. Error control 300. Telemetry 320. The Hartley law states that 301. A convenient technique for determining the effects of 320. the maximum rate of information transmission the degradations introduced into the pulses as they travel depends on the channel bandwidth to the regenerator 321. It represents the number of independent symbols that 301. Eye patterns can be carried through a system in a given unit of time. 302. Spread spectrum stations sharing a band are 321. information capacity identified by and distinguished from one another 322. The Shannon-Hartley law 302. PSN code 322. refers to noise 303. The ASCII code has 323. The most basic digital symbol used to represent 303. 7 bits information 304. The first file transfer protocol designed to facilitate 323. bit transferring data between two personal computers over the 324. Function of data link protocol that coordinates hop-to- public switched telephone network hop data delivery where a hop maybe a computer, a 304. X modem protocol network controller or a network-connecting device such as 305. For a single-channel PCM system with a sample rate router. of 6000 samples per second and a seven-bit compressed 324. Line discipline PCM code, what is the line speed? 325. Quadrature amplitude modulation is 305. 42,000 bps 325. AM plus QPSK 306. It is often used to compare the performance of one 326. The most common modulation system used for digital modulation technique to another telegraphy is 306. All of these 326. frequency-shift keying 307. It is the process of extracting a phase-coherent 327. It is used to encode the minimum amount of speech reference carrier from a receiver signal information necessary to reproduce a perceptible message 307. Phase referencing with a fewer bits that those needed by a conventional 308. It is the measure of how much information can be encoder/decoder propagated through a communication system and is a 327. vocoders function of a bandwidth of the transmission line 328. It is the transmission of information in any form from 308. information capacity one source to one or more destination 309. In delta modulation, the modulator is sometimes 328. Multiplexing called _____. 329. A form of switching which is stored and forward 309. tracking ADC 329. Message switching 310. The code which provides for parity checks is 330. In digital modulation, it is similar to standard amplitude 310. ASCII modulation except there is only two amplitudes possible 311. Form of multiplexing that constitutes propagating 330. amplitude shift keying signals from different cables that sre contained within the 331. The technique of using modulation and FDM to same trench transmit multiple data channels of a common medium is 311. Space division multiplexing known as 331. broadband 332. Which of the following is not a benefit of companding 332. minimizes signal bandwidth 333. Transmissions from multiple sources occur in the same facility but not at the same time 333. Time Division Multiplexing 334. A 9600-baud rate signal can pass over the voice grade telephone line if which kind of modulation is used? 334. QAM 335. Indicate which of the following pulse modulation systems is analog 335. PWM 336. The modulation system inherently most noise- resistant is 336. pulse-code modulation 337. It is simply the number of bits transmitted during one second and expressed in bits per second 337. bit rate 338. It is the most prevalent encoding technique used for TDM signals 338. PCM 339. The characters making up the message in a synchronous transmission are collectively referred to as the data 339. block 340. A virtual circuit which is logically equivalent to a two- point dedicated private-line circuit except slower 340. Permanent Virtual Circuit 341. To a conventional narrowband receiver, a spread spectrum signal appears to be like 341. Noise 342. It is a low-quality video transmission for use between non-dedicated subscribers 342. Picturephone 343. Pulse code modulation is preferred to PAM because of its 343. superior noise immunity 344. A CRC generator uses which component? 344. shift register 345. A signaling element is sometimes called 345. symbol 346. Which of the following words has the correct parity bit? Assume odd parity. The last bit is the parity bit. 346. 1100110 1 347. It is a digital interface that provides the physical connection to the digital carrier network 347. DSU/CSU 348. It is the only digitally encoded modulation technique that is commonly used for digital transmission 348. PCM 349. The most common circuit used for demodulating binary FSK signals 349. phase locked loop 350. A digital modulation technique also known as on-off keying 350. OOK