MAPUA INSTITUTE OF TECHNOLOGY

SCHOOL OF MECHANICAL AND MANUFACTURING ENGINEERING

ME136P / A3
Engineering Materials, Processes and Testing

Experiment no. 1
Physical Study of Universal Testing Machine

Jose, Klyde Jasper F. Date Performed: August 3, 2017

2015101476 Date Submitted: August 10, 2017

Engr. RJ Lawrence Tiu

Professor
 I. OBJECTIVES (5 )

To familiarize on the different parts and operation of the Universal Testing Machine.

II. INTRODUCTION (10 )

Engineers have developed multiple machines that not only aid for the betterment of everyday
but also for testing materials properties. Being enrolled in an engineering focused campus of a
university it is just right that students are surrounded with machines used in the industry. with this
said, the machine that would be commonly used is the Universal Testing Machine. This machine
is able to test properties such as tensile/compressive strength, hardness, bend test and a lot more.
The diverse use of this machine is due to the 3 main parts: the loading unit, control unit and the
hydraulic unit, which are shown below. These units house individual parts that make up the entirety
of the machine. The main function of the loading unit is to be able to apply a force to the specimen
in a certain kind of way, the hydraulic unit is focused on the mechanical essence of the machine
while the control unit is the main brain of the unit.

Figure 1. Loading Unit of the UTM Figure 2. Control Unit of the UTM
 Figure 3. Hydraulic Unit of the UTM

III. RELATED RESEARCH (10 )

A Universal Testing Machine (UTM) is a testing machine used to test the materials
mechanical properties. It is called UTM because of the fact that this machine can perform the
standard tests needed for different materials such as polymers, metals and ceramics. The UTM
determines how the materials behave when a certain load is applied. By examining the mechanical
properties, the UTM helps us to determine the capabilities of the different materials being used in
different industries as well as our everyday lives. Materials tested will be used for design,
fabrication and construction especially in making new machines, transportation, supports, etc. The
UTM performs many tests like tensile test, compression test, bend test, etc. In tensile test, a pulling
force is applied until the material breaks. The tensile strength, elongation and stiffness of the
material are measured.
Operation of the UTM is by hydraulic transmission of load from the test specimen to a
separately housed load indicator or the control or measuring unit. The system is ideal since it
replaces transmission of load: through levers and knife edges, which are prone to wear and damage
due to shock on rupture of test pieces when they break suddenly. Load is applied by a
hydrostatically lubricated ram.
IV. LIST OF APPARATUS/MATERIALS (5 )

Shimadzu Universal Testing Machine UH A C Series

Computer Controlled Hydraulic Servo System
Pen
Paper

Loading Unit Control/Measuring Unit

Hydraulic Unit
V. PROCEDURES (10 )

1. Take pictures of the three main parts of the UTM as discussed by your instructor
(loading, control and hydraulic unit).
2. Print the pictures.
3. Identify and label the parts of the loading unit

Figure 4. Labelled parts of the Loading Unit

4. Identify and label the parts of the control unit

Figure 5. Labelled parts of the Control Unit

5. Identify and label the parts of the hydraulic unit

Figure 6. Labelled parts of the Hydraulic Unit

Note: steps 3, 4 and 5 are to be aided with laboratory manual
 VI. FINAL DATA SHEET (5 )

A. Loading Unit

Upper
Drive Screw Crosshead

Tension Nut Cap Column

Elevation
Motor

Lower
Crosshead Table Top
Protective
Mat

Table Cover

Table
 B. Control / Measuring Unit

Load Display
Meter

Automatic
Operation
Panel

Emergency
Stop

Manual
Operation
Panel
Crosshead Switch

Front Cover

Power Switch

Pump Switch
 C. Hydraulic Unit

Table Roller Guide Loading Cylinder

Drive Screw Fixing Nut Ram (inside) Bed

QUESTIONS WITH ANSWERS (10 )

1. Illustrate the Universal Testing Machine and label the parts.

 2. Give the functions of each single part.
Loading unit
Column upper crosshead support.
Drive Screw enables the lower crosshead to move
Elevation Motor enables the lower crosshead to move up or down
Lower Crosshead to clamp testing specimen from below
Table materials for compression to be tested is placed here
Table Cover covers the table
Table Top Protective Mat serves as a protection from any damage on the table
Tension Nut Cap holds the lower crosshead firmly
Upper Crosshead to clamp testing specimen from top

Control/Measuring Unit
Automatic Operation Panel for automatic machine operation
Front cover covers the lower front part of the control unit
Load Display Meter displays the load applied
Load Range Selector Panel allows to select the required load for the specimen
Lower Rear Cover covers the lower rear part of the control unit
Manual Operation Panel for manual machine operation
Power control unit controls the power of the control unit
Power switch turns the control unit on and off
Upper Rear Cover covers the upper rear part of the control unit

Hydraulic Unit
Bed Universal Testing Machine base.
Bed Cover bed cover.
Drive Screw Fixing Nut secures the drive screw from the bottom
Loading cylinder houses the hydraulic cylinder and pushes up the measuring piston
Ram exerts the load
Table Roller Guide holds the drive screw in place at the bottom
 3. Enumerate the uses of Universal Testing Machine.
Bend Test
Compression Testing
Creep Test
Hysteresis Test
Peel Test
Print stress-strain diagram
Puncture Test
Shear Test
Tensile Testing
Transverse

VII. DISCUSSION (10 )

The Universal Testing Machine is an equipment not only of diverse functions but for
diverse engineering fields as well. Focusing on the field of mechanical engineering, this machine
has the ability to perform multiple stress and strain tests to be able to determine which materials
are most reliable and most durable. This will aid in design, manufacturing and resource
utilization. The familiarization of this equipment was prioritized due to the it multiple usage
during the duration of the course. The school has provided the students the equipment for it
utilization and has been well maintained upon inspection. It should not be taken for granted and
just make finishing the experiment the primary goal and not just write down the three main parts
of the machine (namely control unit, hydraulic unit and loading unit).
VIII. CONCLUSION (10 pts)
The experiment resulted to students knowing the basic parts of the Universal Testing
Machine. However, the usage of the machine itself is unknown to the students. Nevertheless, the
familiarity of the parts and its main functions will aid the students visualize how the part moves
and why it was designed that way. This knowledge will be useful for the remainder of the course.
 IX. RECOMMENDATION (5 )
It can be recommended that students should learn how to either load the machine or
operate the machine. This will be beneficial in the field in the near future. Sometimes, having a
clear picture of the parts and knowing its function will not be of use if an engineer does not know
how to operate the machine.

X. REFERENCES

DeWolfe, A. (2012, April 11). What is a Universal Testing Machine? Retrieved August 9, 2017,
from ADMET MAterials Testing Unit: http://www.admet.com/what-is-a-universal-
testing-machine-2/

STUDY OF UNIVERSAL TESTING MACHINE. (n.d.). Retrieved August 9, 2017, from The
Constructor: http://theconstructor.org/practical-guide/study-of-universal-tesing-
machine/2449

Universal Testing Machine. (n.d.). Retrieved August 9, 2017, from ETS Intarlaken
Technologies: http://www.ets-testingmachines.com/universal-testing-machines.html

UTM - Components, Tests and Uses. (2017, August 9). Retrieved from
http://www.aboutcivil.org/universal-testing-machine-tools-components-applications.html
PRELIMINARY DATA SHEET (20 )