Professional Documents
Culture Documents
and Reporting
9
What Is An Accident?
A definition of an Incident
A definition of an Incident
Rig Fire...
11
What is an Accident?
An unplanned, undesired,
unexpected and
unwelcomed event
An unplanned, undesired
event that under slightly
different circumstances
could have resulted in
injury to people, damage
to equipment or pollution
of the environment
A definition of an Incident
Another definition of an Incident
Types of Accidents Requiring an Investigation
Fatality or Death
Lost Time Accident or Lost work day
Restricted Work Cases or Light Duty
Medical Treatment Cases
First Aid Cases
Major property damage
Near-miss incidents with potential for
serious injury or major property damage
15
Types of Accidents Requiring an Investigation/Incident
Report to DOLE
Types of Property
Damages for Reporting
to DOLE:
Explosions of boilers,
air receivers,
Collapse of crane,
derrick, hoist
Fire causing damage
to any room where
persons are employed
-Rule 1053.02
16
Types of Accidents Requiring an Investigation/Incident
Report to DOLE
Reporting Requirements
Accidents resulting in death
or permanent total disability
must be initially reported to
DOLE within 24 hours of
occurrence.
All other Types of Injuries
such as NLTAs, RWCs, FACs
for reporting on or before
20th day of the following
month using form IP-6
-Rule 1053.01 OSHS
17
Why should workplace accidents be investigated?
To prevent
reoccurrence;
To determine the cost
associated with an
accident;
To determine
compliance with
applicable safety
regulations; and
To process workers
compensation claims.
18
Why should workplace accidents be investigated?
Effective accident
investigations
contribute to the
safety mindset of the
workplace.
Who Should Investigate Accidents?
Safety committee
members
Immediate supervisor
Department manager
Safety officer
Other safety & health
professional
20
Effects of Accidents
1. On the Victim
2. On the Supervisor
3. On the Company
4. On the Nation
Effects of Accidents
1. The Victim
Death
Pain & suffering
Permanent disability
Effects on family & dependants
Loss of earnings
Extra expenditure
Inability to resume occupation
Psychological effects
Feeling of uselessness
Fear of further injury
Social effects
Loss of sports or hobby
Who depends on me to come home safe?
Come home safe honey!
Effects of Accidents
2. The Supervisor
loss of trained worker
loss of production
extra work
investigations & reports
training new employee
loss of prestige by:
management
other workers
effects on promotion
worry (could I have prevented it ?)
Stress
Effects of Accidents
3. The Company
loss of trained worker
loss of production
damage to machinery
damage to equipment
wasted materials
increased insurance premiums
prosecutions
fines
civil actions
legal costs
loss of prestige - customers
Effects of Accidents
4. The Nation
loss of section of
workforce
loss of production
increased cost of
production
effects on imports
effects on exports
effects on balance of trade
the community pays !
Accident Ratio Study
Serious or Disabling
Includes disabling & Serious Injuries
1
Minor Injuries
Any reported injury less than serious
10
Property Damage & Accidents
All Types
30
Accidents with no visible
Injury or Damage
600 (Critical Incidents)
Frank Bird, 1969
Accident Ratio Study
3,000
Unsafe Acts, Behaviors or Conditions
Heinrichs Theory 29
Accident Ratio Study
Minor injuries or
7 illnesses
No injury/illnesses
189 incidents
Major incident
1
Minor incidents
5
Near misses
(think of them as
60 near hits)
US Incident Ratio
(10 Year Average, 1995-2005)
Cost of an Accident
Cost/Insurance Iceberg
(Bird, Germaine)
Direct Cost
Indirect Cost
building damage
tool & eqpt damage $5 - $50
product & material damage Ledger cost of
production delays property damage
legal expenses (uninsured)
emergency expenses
interim equipment rental
investigation time
wages for lost time
cost of hiring or training $1 - $3
new worker Uninsured
extra supervisory time
miscellaneous
decrease in output of
injured costs
loss of business or
goodwill
Basic Work Accident Causation Model
Human Factor
Immediate causes Unsafe Unsafe
[Symptoms] Acts Conditions
ACCIDENT
unplanned release of energy
Incident Contact and/or
hazardous material
Personal injury
Accident Results Property damage
Uninsured Costs
Basic Work Accident Causation
1. Accident Results
Physical Harm
(Injury or illness) Property damage
catastrophic catastrophic
(multiple deaths) major
death serious
disabling, lost time, minor
major
serious
minor
notifiable
compensable
Basic Work Accident Causation
2. Incident Contact
Exposure (radiation, Caught on (sumabit)
gases, dust, etc) Caught between
Contact by (liquids, (naipit parte ng
chemicals, etc) katawan)
Trapped in (nakulong
Struck by (hard objects, buong katawan)
etc)
Same level fall
Contact with (nadapa)
(electricity, hot surface, Different level fall
aniamal, insect, etc) (nahulog)
Struck against (strong Over exertion
impact) (napuwersa, bumigay)
Basic Work Accident Causation
3. Immediate Causes
Unsafe Acts/Practices Unsafe Conditions
Operating equipment Inadequate protective
without authority equipment
Operating at improper speed Defective tools,
Removing safety devices equipment, materials
Failure to use Poor housekeeping
PPE/warn/secure/follow Inadequate ventilation
procedures
Congested or restricted
Horseplay action
Under influence of
alcohol/drugs
Improper
loading/lifting/placement
Basic Work Accident Causation
41
Basic Work Accident Causation
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe
Condition? 42
Basic Work Accident Causation
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe
Condition?
43
Basic Work Accident Causation
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
44
Is This Caused by Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition?
Is This Caused by Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition? 46
Is This Caused by Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition?
Basic Work Accident Causation
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe
Condition? 48
Basic Work Accident Causation
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe
Condition?
49
Thats why mandatory no horseplaying!
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe
Condition?
Basic Work Accident Causation
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe
Condition?
51
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe
Condition?
52
Basic Work Accident Causation
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe Condition?
53
Basic Work Accident Causation
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe
Condition? 54
Basic Work Accident Causation
55
Basic Work Accident Causation
Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition?
Act
Individual
standing on
ladders he set
up unsafely.
56
Basic Work Accident Causation
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe
Condition? 57
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe
Condition?
Falling from
ladder may be
fatal!
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
Without buddy is
fatal!
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe Condition?
How could we
improve this
situation?
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
How could we
improve this
situation?
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
How could we
improve this
situation?
Basic Work Accident Causation
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe
Condition?
63
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe
Condition?
Falling from
treadmill may
cause serious
injury?
Basic Work Accident Causation
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe
Condition?
66
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
Basic Work Accident Causation
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe
Condition?
68
Basic Work Accident Causation
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe Condition?
69
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe Condition?
70
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe Condition?
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe Condition?
72
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe Condition?
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe Condition?
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe Condition?
WELDING
ACTIVITY 75
GRINDING
ACTIVITY
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
WSO 76
GRINDING
ACTIVITY
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
77
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe Condition?
Unsafe Act or
Unsafe Condition?
79
Is This Caused By Unsafe
Act or Unsafe Condition?
80
Is This Caused By Unsafe
Act or Unsafe Condition?
Falling object
can really
hurt us!
Is This Caused By Unsafe
Act or Unsafe Condition?
82
Is This Caused By
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
83
Is This Caused By Unsafe
Act or Unsafe Condition?
84
Basic Work Accident Causation
Condition Open
access hatch (fall
hazard).
85
Basic Work Accident Causation
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
86
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition?
How about this? Unsafe Act or Unsafe Condition?
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
92
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
Unsafe Act or Unsafe
Condition?
Basic Work Accident Causation
Unsafe Acts:
Cause 90% of ALL incidents *
Unsafe Conditions:
Cause 10% of ALL incidents
*Industrial Safety and
Health Management;
Liberty Mutual , 1995
Basic Work Accident Causation
4.Basic Causes
Personal Factors Supervisory Performance
lack of knowledge or skill inadequate instructions
improper motivation failure of SOPs
physical or mental conditions rules not enforced
literacy or ability hazards not corrected
Job Factors devices not provided
physical environment Management Policy &
sub-standard equipment Decisions
abnormal usage set measurable standards
wear & tear measure work in progress
inadequate standards evaluate work-v-standards
design & maintenance correct performance if nec
purchasing standards
5 STEPS OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
CAUSES
Incident-Contact - the actual energy
(movement or source) that caused injury to
employee. If this energy wasnt present, the
injury would not have occurred.
Immediate Causes - any unsafe acts or
conditions that contribute to the injury
occurring.
Basic Causes - policies, procedures,
environment or personal factors that
contribute to the injury occurring.
5 STEPS OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
Hierarchy of Controls
Most effective
Eliminate
Substitute
Engineering
Admin
Training
Emergency Response
5 STEPS OF ACCIDENT INVESTIGATION
5. FOLLOW-UP
Technical Knowledge
Objectivity
Analytical approach to
problems
Familiarity with the job,
process or operation
Tact in communicating
Intellectual honesty
Inquisitiveness &
curiosity
Investigation Grab Kit
clipboard, paper (including specimen containers
graph) and pens magnifying glass
camera compass
tape measure danger tags
cassette recorder & spare yellow crayon
tapes
orange fluorescent spray
accident investigation report paint
forms
torch with batteries
hi-viz barrier tape for scene
preservation hi-viz orange vest
first aid kit hearing & eye protection
identification tags for parts plastic containers for samples
gloves (industrial & medical) paper rolls or towel
safety helmet
Accident Prevention
Accidents can be
prevented by early
detection,
reporting and
abating!
WEED OUT THE CAUSES OF INJURIES
AND ILLNESSES
Injury/Illness
People Equipment
Supervisors role is to identify direct and indirect causes. This will help
management identify, target, and correct potential root causes.
Other Root Cause of
Accidents
119
Other Root Cause of Accident
Other Root Cause of Accident
Other Root Cause of Accident
Other Root Cause of Accident
Other Root Cause of Accident
124
Other Root Cause
of Accident
TABLE TOP EXERCISE
Preventing Accident
Exposure Accident
Two workers assigned to monitor the boiler
were overcome by CO gases when the vapors
from the boiler engine accumulated in the
boiler room. The ventilation blower was not
working properly.
Trapped-In Accident:
A worker entered a lateral section of sewer pipe
to inspect the lining. When he reached a vertical
section he fell inside and was unable to climb out.
He was rescued by using a retrieval line.
Conduct a detailed investigation in-order to
identify the incident-contact, immediate causes
and basic causes?
Group 4
130
Types of Accidents
Contact With Accident: