UMTS Air Interface

UMTS Air Interface

GSM, UMTS & LTE Fundamentals

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Module Objectives

Explain radio path basics

Identify WCDMA basics (power, spreading, codes, )

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Duplex Transmission:


FDD & TDD TDD:

Time t
UL UL / DL
duplex distance separated by
Time!
Time t

DL
UL DL

UL

DL
frequency f Frame
with n TS
FDD: UL / DL
UL
separated by frequency f
Frequency!
FDD: Frequency Division Duplex
TDD: Time Division Duplex
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Frequency allocation of different mobile systems

850 900 950 1000 1700 1750 1800 1850 1900 1950 2000 2050 2100 2150 2200

GSM 900 DCS 1800

UMTS FDD

UMTS FDD
UMTS TDD

UMTS TDD
UMTS SAT

UMTS SAT
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Multiple Access Power

Power P
P
time t
TDMA
time t
FDMA

TS 3
TS 2
TS 1

1 2 3
frequency f
frequency f
Power co-ordination of
P time t restricted frequency resources
CDMA to different subscriber
Multiple BS & MS with common
Access knowledge according

FDMA Frequency
3
TDMA Time
2
CDMA Code
1

frequency f
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Code Division Multiple Access

Power
P
time t

3
2
1
frequency f

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UMTS Bandwidth

3.84 MHz

5 MHz
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DS-CDMA: +1

Transmission / Reception Spreading

-1
Code
1
Chip

Air
Interface

Binary Binary
Data Wideband De- De- Data
Spreading Modulation Modulation
RB Spreading R
B

time-
RC fT RC synchronisation
!!!

Code Carrier Carrier Code

Generator Generator Generator Generator
RB: Bit Rate
RC: Chip Rate
fT: Carrier frequency
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Spreading / De-Spreading
1 Symbol
Binary Data 1 0 1 0
+1
Bipolar
Data
SF = Rc / RS
-1
x
+1
=B/W
Spreading
Code -1
= Bit / Symbol
+1
Spreaded modulation principle
Data e.g.:
-1 GMSK: 1 / 1 (Bit/Symbol)
x BPSK: 1 / 1
+1 QPSK: 2 / 1
Spreading
8PSK: 3 / 1
Code -1
= B = bandwidth, spreaded
W = bandwidth, un-spreaded
+1
Bipolar RS: Symbol Rate [symb/s]
RB: Bit Rate [bit/s]
Data -1 RC: Chip Rate [chip/s]
SF = Spreading Factor
GMSK: Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying
Binary Data 1 0 1 0 BPSK: Binary Phase Shift Keying
QPSK: Quadrature PSK
8PSK: Eight PSK
1 Chip
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UMTS Modulation

BS

QPSK
Tx

UE

OQPSK BS

Rx

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different
differentBTS:
BTS:
UTRA Codes Scrambling BTS
ScramblingCodes
Codes

Channelisation
ChannelisationCode Codeseparates
separates
ULULdifferent
differentapplications
applications
BTS ofof11UE (max. 6; SF variable)
UE (max. 6; SF variable)

Spreading Code =
Channelisation Code Channelisation
ChannelisationCode
Code
x Scrambling Code separates
separatesDL
DLdifferent
differentUE
UE
(TS 25.201)

different
differentUE:
UE:
BTS Scrambling
ScramblingCodes
Codes
(RNC
(RNCallocated)
allocated)
Channelization Scrambling
Code Code
Channelization
ChannelizationCode:
Code:
separates
separatesphysical
physicalchannels
channels
DL:
DL:channels
channelsofofthe
thesame
sameBTS
BTS
Data UL:
UL: channels of the sameUE
channels of the same UE
Scrambling
ScramblingCode:
Code:
Bit Rate Chip Rate Chip Rate separates
separatessources
sources
DL:
DL:separates
separatesdifferent
differentBTS
BTS
UL:
UL:separates
separatesdifferent
differentUE
UEinin11cell
cell
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Scrambling Codes:
Code Tree FDD: for BTS / UE Gold Codes;
10 ms period (1 frame = 38400 chip)
TDD: for BTS / UE 16 Chip long,
pre-defined sequences

SF = 1 SF = 2 SF = 4 SF = 256
CC256,0
CC256,1
CC4,0 = (1,1,1,1)
CC256,2
CC2,0 = (1,1)

CC1,0 = (1) CC4,1 = (1,1,-1,-1)

CC4,2 = (1,-1,1,-1)

CC2,1 = (1,-1)
CC256,254
CC4,3 = (1,-1,-1,1) CC256,255

OVSF =
Channelization Codes (CCn,m) = OVSF Codes Orthogonal Variable
Spreading Factor

CCn,m generation: 1 1 CCn/2 CCn/2

CC1 = (1) CC2 = CCn =
from columns in CCn 1 -1 CCn/2 -CCn/2

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Scrambling Code Set

Code Code Code Code

Set Set Set Set
#1 #2 #3 #512

Primary Scrambling Code Primary Scrambling Code

Channelization Code Set (256 codes) Channelization Code Set (256 codes)

Secondary Scrambling Code #1 Secondary Scrambling Code #1

Channelization Code Set (256 codes) Channelization Code Set (256 codes)

Secondary Scrambling Code #2 Secondary Scrambling Code #2

Channelization Code Set (256 codes) Channelization Code Set (256 codes)

Secondary Scrambling Code #15 Secondary Scrambling Code #15

Channelization Code Set (256 codes) Channelization Code Set (256 codes)

512 Code Sets 16 Scrambling Codes = 8192 Codes available

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Code Blocking

CC8,0 CC8,0
CC4,0 CC4,0
CC8,1 CC8,1
CC2,0 CC2,0
CC8,2 CC8,2

CC4,1 CC8,3 CC4,1 CC8,3

CC1,0 CC1,0
CC8,4 CC8,4
CC4,2 CC4,2
CC8,5 CC8,5

CC8,6 CC8,6
CC2,1 CC2,1

CC4,3 CC8,7 CC4,3 CC8,7

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Spreading / Data User 1 1 0 1 Data User 2 0 0 1

De-Spreading Bipolar +1 +1
Bipolar
Data 1 -1 Data 2 -1
Example: x x
+1 +1
SF = 2; Code 1 Code 2
2 user -1 -1
= +1
= +1
Code 1 Spread

Fig 15 (De) spreading process (TM51103EN03GLA3 UMTS Air Interface, 35)

Spread
= ( 1 / -1) Data 1 -1 Data 2 -1
Code 2
= ( 1 / 1) Receiver: Spreaded Data; here: = 0 -2 -2 0 2 0
Signals +2 Signals +2
(Receiver) 0 (Receiver) 0
-2 -2
x x
+1 +1
Code 1 Code 2
-1 -1
= =
De-Spread +2 De-Spread +2
0 0
Data 1 -2 Data 2 -2

after +2 after +2
Integration Integration -2
-2
User Data 1 1 0 1 User Data 2 0 0 1
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