Wood Panel Products - products which are c.

) Nonveneered panels are made from various

manufactured by binding or fixing the strands,
particles, fibers, or veneers or boards of wood
together
formulations of reconstituted wood fiber materials
such as:
Oriented strand board (OSB) made up of
wood strand that are compressed and glued
into three to five layers. OSB is the strongest
and stiffest type of nonveneered panel.

2
CLASSIFICATION OF WOOD PANEL
1. Structural wood panel - manufactured to resist
forces and play specific roles in structural systems Particleboard is made up of smaller wood
- standard size 4 ft by 8 ft particles than wood strand that are
2. Non-structural wood panel use to produced compressed and bonded.
furnitures and doors

Types of structural wood panel

a.) plywood - made up of thin layers of wood veneer
glued together.

Fiberboard fine-grained board made of

wood fibers and synthetic resin binders.
b.) composite panel - have two parallel face veneers
bonded to a core of reconstituted wood fibers.
Plywood production
- Log cutting
- rotary cutting of log to produce veneer
- The strip of veneer is clipped into sheets that pass
through a drying kiln where, in a few minutes, their
moisture content is reduced to roughly 5 percent.
- A machine spreads glue on the veneers as they are
laid atop one another in the required sequence and
grain orientation
- The glued veneers are transformed into plywood in
presses that apply elevated temperatures and
pressures to create dense, flat panels.
- The panels are trimmed to size, sanded as required,
and graded and gradestamped before shipping.

Wood Chemical Treatments

Fire-retardant treatment (FRT) is

accomplished by placing lumber in a vessel
and impregnating it under pressure with
certain chemical salts that greatly reduce its
combustibility.
Preservative-treated wood is used where
decay or insect resistance is required, such
as with wood that is used in or near the
ground; that is exposed to moisture in outdoor
structures such as fences, decks, and marine
docks; or that is used in areas of high termite
risk.
Preservative Chemicals
Creosote is an oily derivative of coal that is
widely used to treat wood in engineering
structures. But the odor, toxicity, and
unpaintability of creosote-treated wood make
it unsuitable for most purposes in building
construction.
Pentachlorophenol is also impregnated as an
oil solution, and as with other oily
preservatives, wood treated with it cannot be
painted.
chromated copper arsenate (CCA) most
widely used wood preservatives in building
construction are waterborne salts, which
permit subsequent painting or staining.
Micronized copperpreservatives also contain
high concentrations of copper, but in the form
of very small solid particles, rather than in
solution.
For long-lasting protection, most preservative
processes rely on pressure impregnation,
which drives the preservative chemicals
deeply into the fibers of the wood. To improve
absorption, some wood species are
punctured with an array of cuts in the woods
surface, called incising, before the
preservative treatment is applied. Incising
improves retention of the chemical
preservative but also somewhat lowers the
structural capacity of the wood member
WOOD FASTENERS
Nails
Nails are sharp-pointed metal pins that are
driven into wood with a hammer or a
mechanical gun. They are the favored means
of fastening wood because they are
inexpensive, require no predrilling of holes
under most conditions, and can be installed
extremely rapidly.
Common nails and the slightly slenderer box
and sinker nails have flat heads and are used
for structural fastening in light frame
construction.
finish and casing nails and brads, are used to
fasten finish woodwork, where they are less
obtrusive than common nails
Deformed shank nails, which are more
resistant to withdrawal from the wood than
smooth shank nails, are used for attaching
sheathing, subflooring, and floor
underlayment
Hardened-steel concrete nails can be driven
into masonry or concrete for attaching furring
strips and sleepers
Cut nails, long ago used for framing
connections, are still sometimes used for
attaching finish flooring where their blunt ends
punch through the wood rather than wedge
through, lessening splitting of brittle woods
Roofing nails have large heads to prevent
tearing of soft asphalt shingles.
Face nailing is the strongest of the three
methods of nailing. End nailing is relatively weak and
is useful primarily for holding framing members in
alignment until gravity forces and applied sheathing
make a stronger connection. Toe nailing is used in
situations where access for end nailing is not
available. When properly installed, toe nails are
surprisingly strong.
 BOLTS
Bolts are used mainly for
structural connections in heavy
timber framing and in wood light
framing for fastening ledgers,
beams, or other heavy
applications. They are installed
into predrilled holes.

SCREWS TIMBER CONNECTORS

-split-ring connector is inserted in
Screws are spiral-threaded fasteners installed by matching circular grooves to
turning action whereby the threads draw the screw mate pieces of wood clamped
tightly into the material being fastened. together with a central bolt. This
connector provides greater
capacity by spreading the load
across a larger area of wood than
can be done with one or a few
bolts.

Timber rivet connections are

Traditional wood screws require predrilled formed by fastening steel plates to
pilot holes into which the screw is inserted large wood members with spike-
and then tightened with a screwdriver. like rivets. Unlike nails, timber rivets
Common uses include joining of cabinetry are oval in cross-section, and driven
parts, installation of wide-plank flooring, so that the wider axis of the rivet is
mounting of hardware such as hinges, and always parallel to the grain of the
other finish woodworking applications timber.
Larger lag screws are used for heavier
structural connections. They have square or
hexagonal heads and are driven with a
wrench rather than a screwdriver.
Self-drilling wood screws do not require pilot
holes and can be installed more quickly with
power drivers. They are used for attaching
subflooring to floor framing (rather than
nailing, to reduce floor squeaking), mounting
gypsum wallboard to wall studs (to avoid nail
popping)
 Toothed plates
Sheet metal toothed plates,
similar to timber rivet
connections but lighter, are
used in factory-produced
lightweight roof and floor
trusses. They are driven into
the wood with hydraulic
presses, pneumatic presses,
or mechanical rollers and act
as splice plates, each with a very large
number of built-in nails.
Sheet Metal and
Metal Plate
Framing Devices
sheet metal and
metal plate devices
are manufactured
for joining wood
members or
strengthening their joints. The devices for light framing
are attached with nails and the heavier devices with
bolts or lag screws.
Wood Adhesives
Structural wood adhesives form bonds that are at
least as strong, stiff, and durable as the members they
connect
2 RATING OF STRUCTURAL WOOD
ADHESIVE
full exterior exposure - capable of repeated,
long-term soaking and drying while
maintaining acceptable levels of performance
limited exterior or interior exposure - are less
water resistant, and their use is restricted to
applications correspondingly less exposed to
wetting.
Examples
Phenol-formaldehyde (PF) is a structural
adhesive, rated for full exterior exposure,
used in the production of Exterior rated
panels and other wood products.
Formaldehyde gas emissions from PF after
manufacture are low, below the exposure
limits established by prevailing air quality and
health standards. Though rated for exterior
exposure, panels manufactured with PF are
sometimes also specified for interior use,
because of their relatively low emissions.
Urea-formaldehyde (UF) is a structural wood
adhesive with less moisture resistance, rated
for interior (dry) exposure only. Due to lower
manufacturing costs and other advantages
associated with its use, UF resin has
historically been a popular choice in the
manufacture of interior plywood, MDF,
particleboard, doors, engineered wood
flooring, and other wood products
Adhesives for Manufactured Wood Products
Synthetic polymers manufacturing have
been derived mostly from petroleum and
natural gas.
Bio-based polymers manufacturing have
been derived mostly from agricultural and
animal byproducts
Both of them are consistent in formulation and
performance, high in strength and stiffness,
and (where needed) capable of providing
excellent water resistance.
Prefabricated Wood Components
1. TRUSS - a framework, typically
consisting of rafters, posts, and struts,
supporting a roof, bridge, or other
structure.
Manufacturing
a. Factory workers align the wood members of a
roof truss and position toothed-plate
connectors over the joints, tapping them with
a hammer to embed them slightly and keep
them in place. The roller marked Gantry
then passes rapidly over the assembly table
and presses the plates firmly into the wood
b. The trusses are transported to the
construction site on a special trailer.
 2. Prefabricated Panels BUILDING FELT
Framed panels are simple sections of -made of matted cellulose fibers saturated
conventional dimension lumber framing, with asphalt, often referred to simply as
sheathed with plywood or OSB, trucked tarpaper.
to the construction site, and rapidly nailed
together into a complete building frame.
Three types of prefabricated wood panels

SYNTHETIC ROOF UNDERLAYMENTS

ADVANTAGE: tend to be lighter, more tear-
resistant, less sensitive to prolonged
exposure to sunlight
DISADVANTAGE: more costly than building
felt.

a. The framed panel is identical to a segment of

a conventionally framed wall, floor, or roof
b. the panels are attached to dimension lumber
framing Which the facings carry the major
stresses
c. A SIP, also sometimes called a sandwich
panel, functions structurally in the same way
as a stressed-skin panel, but its facings are
bonded to a core of insulating foam.

(***) WALL MOISTURE BARRIER

EXTERIOR FINISHES FOR WOOD LIGHT protective layer intended to repel water and
FRAME CONSTRUCTION reduce the leakage of air.
ROOF UNDERLAYMENT must be applied before siding is installed.
- installed soon after the roof framing is
completed and sheathed.
-The material most commonly used for this
purpose is one or two layers of building felt
HOUSE WRAPS
offer greater durability and the potential for
increased energy efficiency by reducing air
leakage through the building walls and roofs.
made of synthetic fibers, are manufactured in
sheets as wide as 10 feet (3 m) in order to
minimize seams.
Insulation is installed in the ceilings below to
retain the heat in the building.
SOFFIT VENTS
Soffit vents create the required ventilation
openings at the eave; these usually take the
form of a continuous slot covered with
screening or a perforated aluminum strip
made especially for the purpose

ROOFING
EAVES
(HORIZONTAL ROOF EDGES)
RAKES GABLE AND RIDGE VENTS
(SLOPING ROOF EDGES) Allow circulation of air coming from soffit
vents
ROOF OVERHANGS AND RAIN
PROTECTION
Roof eaves and overhangs play an important
role in protecting buildings from the weather.
Where ample overhangs are provided, the
volume of rain that reaches the building wall
is greatly reduced in comparison to walls
without such protection, and the chance for
water penetration into the walls is much less.
The design of walls without overhangs should
be approached with caution: These walls are
more vulnerable to the effects of weather ICE BARRIERS
exposure, such as staining, leaking, decay, Protects the roof from damage in case ice
and premature deterioration of the windows, damming occurs
doors, and siding.

VENTILATED ROOFS
With a ventilated roof, eliminating ice dams is
accomplished by continuously passing
outside air under the roof sheathing through
vents at the eave and ridge.
In buildings with an attic, the attic itself is
ventilated and kept as cold as possible.
UNVENTILATED ROOFS
Unventilated roofs can be constructed with
insulated foam panels applied over the roof
sheathing or with spray foam or rigid foam
insulation boards applied below the sheathing
between the roof rafters
WINDOWS AND DOORS
FLASHINGS
installed to prevent water from seeping
through gaps around the edges of these
components.
may be made of any of a number of
corrosion-resistant metals, plastics, synthetic
fabrics similar to housewraps, or modified
bitumen sheets similar to the rubberized
underlayment used for ice barriers on roofs

UNVENTILATED ROOFS
(PROS AND CONS)
ADVANTAGES
-simplicity of detailing
-a thinner roof profile
-less air leakage between the building interior
and exterior
-no risk of windblown water entry into the roof INSTALLING WINDOWS AND DOORS
assembly through poorly baffled ridge vents.
SIDINGS
DISADVANTAGES -Exterior cladding materials applied to the
potentially less able to dry out if moisture walls of a wood light frame building
does find its way into the assembly (DUE TO
LACK OF VENTILATION) BOARD SIDING
usually nailed through the wall moisture
ROOF SHINGLING barrier and sheathing, into the studs, ensuring
secure attachment
allows horizontal sidings to be applied directly
over insulating sheathing materials without
requiring a nail-base sheathing

PLYWOOD SIDING
is often chosen for its economy.
The cost of the material per unit area of wall
is usually somewhat less than for other siding
materials, and labor costs tend to be relatively
low because the large sheets of plywood are
more quickly installed than equivalent areas
of boards.
Z-FLASHING OF ALUMINUM
is the usual solution for the detailing of the
horizontal panel joints between sheets but
remains clearly visible.
SHINGLE SIDING
require a nail-base sheathing material such
as OSB or plywood.
labor intensive, especially around corners and
openings, where many shingles must be cut
and fitted.
METAL AND PLASTIC SIDING
formed of prefinished sheets of aluminum or
molded of vinyl plastic, are usually designed
to imitate wood sidings and are generally
guaranteed against needing repainting for
long periods, typically 20 years
BUT
tendency of plastic sidings to crack and
occasionally shatter on impact, especially in
cold weather.
STUCCO
strong, durable, economical, fire-resistant
cladding material. It is normally applied in
three coats over wire lath, either by hand or
by spray apparatus
FIBER-CEMENT PANEL SIDING
e manufactured with a smooth face or with
various textures, and can be painted in the
field or provided prefinished.

CORNER BOARDS AND EXTERIOR TRIMS

MASONRY VENEER
single wythe of brick or stone, in the manner
shown in the figure. The corrugated metal ties
prevent the masonry from falling away from
the building while allowing for differential
vertical movement between the masonry and
the frame.

SEALING EXTERIOR JOINTS

JOINT SEALANTS
USED TO COVER GAPS ON SIDINGS,
WINDOWS AND DOORS FRAMES, AND
OTHER EXTERIOR MATERIAL
ARTIFICIAL STONE
made from mixtures of cement, sand, other
natural aggregates, and mineral pigments
such as iron oxide.

EXTERIOR PAINTING, FINISH GRADING, &

LANDSCAPING
Includes painting or staining of exposed wood
surfaces; finish grading of the ground around
the building; installation of paving for drives,
walkways, and terraces; and seeding and
planting of landscape materials.