WELCOME

A SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON
MAGNETO HYDRO DYNAMICS
(MHD) SYSTEM
 Contents
1. Introduction
2. Need of MHDs
3. Principle Of MHD Power
Generation
4. Types of MHD SYSTEM
5. Open Cycle MHD System
6. Closed Cycle MHD System
7. Diffrence between Open Cycle and
Closed Cycle MHD System
8. Advantages OF MHD System
9. Disadvantages of MHD System
10. Applications
 Introduction
Magneto HydroDynamic (MHD) system
is a non- conventional source of energy
which is based upon Faradays Law of
Electromagnetic Induction, which states that
energy is generated due to the movement
of an electric conductor inside a magnetic
field.
 Concept given by Michael
Faraday in 1832 for the rst
time.

MHD System widely used in

advanced
countries.
Under construction in INDIA.
 Need of MHDs
At present a plenty of energy is
needed to sustain industrial and
agricultural production, and the
existing conventional energy sources
like coal, oil, uranium etc are not
adequate to meet the ever increasing
energy demands. Consequently, efforts
have been made for harnessing
energy from several non-conventional
energy sources like Magneto Hydro
 Principle Of MHD Power
Generation
Faradays law of electromagnetic induction : When
an electric conductor moves across a magnetic eld,
an emf is induced in it, which produces an electric
current .
Lorentz Force on
the charged particle
(vector),
F = q(v B)
where,
v = velocity of the particle
(vector)
q= charge of the particle
(scalar)
B = magnetic eld (vector)
 Comparison between a
Turbo generator and a MHD
generator
 Types of
MHD SYSTEM
(1)OpencycleSystem
(2)ClosedcycleSystem
(i)Seededinertgassystems
(ii)Liquidmetalsystems
OPEN CYCLE MHD
SYSTEM
HYBRID MHD STEAM PART
OPEN CYCLE
CLOSED CYCLE MHD
SYSTEM
 DIFFERENCE BETWEEN
OPEN CYCLE AND CLOSED
CYCLE SYSTEM
Open Cycle System Closed Cycle
Working uid after

generating electrical
System
energy is discharged to Working uid is recycled to
the atmosphere through the heat sources and thus is
a stack . used again.
Operation of MHD
Helium or argon(with
generator is done directly
cesium seeding) is used as
on combustion products .
the working uid.
Temperature requirement :
Temperature requirement :
2300C to 2700C.
about 530C.
More developed.
Less developed.
 NEED FOR FURTHER
RESEARCH
The MHD channel operates on extreme
conditions of temperature, magnetic and
electric elds .
So, numerous technological advancements
are needed prior to commercialization of
MHD systems .
Search is on for better insulator and
electrode materials which can with stand
the electrical, thermal, mechanical and
thermo-chemical stresses and corrosion.
 ADVANTAGES OF
MHD SYSTEM
Conversion eciency of about 50% .
Less fuel consumption.
Large amount of pollution free power
generated .
Ability to reach full power level as soon as
started.
Plant size is considerably smaller than
conventional fossil fuel plants .
Less overall generation cost.
DISADVANTAGES OF
MHD SYSTEM
Suffers from reverse ow (short circuits)
of electrons through the conducting uids
around the ends of the magnetic eld.
Needs very large magnets and this is a
major expense.
High friction and heat transfer losses.
High operating temperature.
Coal used as fuel poses problem of
molten ash which may short circuit the
electrodes. Hence, oil or natural gas are
much better fuels for MHDs. Restriction
on use of fuel makes the operation
more expensive.
 APPLICATIONS
Power generation in space craft.

Hypersonic wind tunnel experiments.

Defense application.
 CONCLUSION
The MHD power generation is in advanced
stage today and closer to commercial
utilization. Signicant progress has been made
in development of all critical components and
sub system technologies. Coal burning MHD
combined steam power plant promises
signicant economic and environmental
advantages compared to other coal burning
power generation technologies. It will not be
long before the technological problem of MHD
systems will be overcame and MHD system
would transform itself from non-
THANK YOU !!