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Multiple Choice
Identify the letter of the choice that best completes the statement or answers the question.

____ 1. Snowshoes enable a person to walk on deep snow because the snowshoes
a. decrease the persons weight on the snow.
b. increase the area over which the persons weight is distributed.
c. increase the pressure on the snow.
d. increase the buoyancy of the person.
____ 2. A unit of pressure is called a
a. bernoulli.
b. pascal.
c. pound.
d. meter.
____ 3. Air pressure exerted equally on an object from different directions is
a. balanced pressure.
b. gravitational pressure.
c. fluid pressure.
d. constant pressure.
____ 4. Given that the air pressure outside your body is so great, why arent you crushed?
a. Human skin is extremely strong.
b. Earths gravity cancels out the air pressure.
c. Pressure inside your body balances the air pressure outside your body.
d. Inertia changes the pressure before it comes into contact with you.
____ 5. Air pressure decreases as
a. velocity increases.
b. elevation increases.
c. acceleration decreases.
d. gravity increases.
____ 6. Water pressure increases as
a. depth increases.
b. gravity decreases.
c. force decreases.
d. acceleration increases.
____ 7. Which type of substance does Pascals principle deal with?
a. solids
b. fluids
c. powders
d. metals
____ 8. One application of Pascals principle is
a. a hydraulic car lift.
b. the flight of an airplane.
c. a speedboats bottom slapping against the waves.
d. the buoyancy shown by ducks and other waterfowl.
____ 9. What scientific rule describes why water squirts from a plastic bottle when it is squeezed?
a. Bernoullis principle
b. Archimedes principle
c. Pascals principle
d. Newtons first law of motion
____ 10. What does a hydraulic system do?
a. decrease pressure
b. increase velocity
c. multiply force
d. reduce inertia
____ 11. Which of the following is true of the buoyant force?
a. It acts in the downward direction.
b. It acts with the force of gravity.
c. It acts in the upward direction.
d. It makes an object feel heavier.
____ 12. What effect does a buoyant force have on a submerged object?
a. It causes the object to sink in a fluid.
b. It causes a net force acting upward on the object.
c. It causes the object to float in a fluid.
d. It causes a net force acting downward on the object.
____ 13. If an object floats, the volume of displaced water is equal to the volume of
a. the entire object.
b. the portion of the object that is above water.
c. the portion of the object that is submerged.
d. exactly half of the object.
____ 14. What scientific rule states that the buoyant force on an object is equal to the weight of the fluid displaced by
the object?
a. Archimedes principle
b. Pascals principle
c. Bernoullis principle
d. Newtons third law of motion
____ 15. When water fills a submarines flotation tanks, the overall density of the submarine
a. decreases.
b. stays the same.
c. increases.
d. reduces the buoyant force.
____ 16. A ship stays afloat as long as the buoyant force is
a. less than the ships weight.
b. equal to the ships weight.
c. less than the ships speed.
d. greater than the ships speed.
____ 17. Pascals principle states that when force is applied to a confined fluid, the change in pressure is transmitted
a. only to the area where the pressure is applied.
b. equally to all parts of the fluid.
c. to any weakness in the fluids container.
d. in the direction of the buoyant force.
____ 18. Smoke rises up a chimney partly because of
a. Archimedes principle.
b. Pascals principle.
c. Bernoullis principle.
d. Newtons third law of motion.
____ 19. Bernoullis principle helps to explain
a. hydraulic brakes.
b. buoyancy.
c. momentum.
d. flight.
____ 20. The mass per unit volume of a substance is its
a. density.
b. buoyancy.
c. weight.
d. fluid pressure.
____ 21. An object that is more dense than the fluid in which it is immersed will
a. sink.
b. rise.
c. neither rise nor sink.
d. sink at first, than rise slowly.
____ 22. Which of these substances is the LEAST dense?
a. wood
b. copper
c. mercury
d. rubber
____ 23. Pressure can be measured in units of
a. newtons.
b. newtons per square meter.
c. newtons per centimeter.
d. newtons per cubic centimeter.
____ 24. A substance whose shape can easily change is a
a. solid.
b. powder.
c. fluid.
d. metal.
____ 25. A material that can easily flow is called a
a. fluid.
b. solid.
c. buoyant force.
d. hydraulic material.
____ 26. What scientific rule states that the pressure exerted by a moving stream of fluid is less than the pressure of the
surrounding fluid?
a. Archimedes principle
b. Pascals principle
c. Bernoullis principle
d. Newtons third law of motion
____ 27. The pressure in the deepest parts of the ocean is roughly how many times the usual air pressure you
experience?
a. 10
b. 100
c. 1,000
d. 1,000,000
____ 28. Which of these multiplies a force by transmitting it to a large surface area?
a. a hydraulic system
b. a buoyant force
c. a balanced pressure
d. a force pump
____ 29. The braking system on a car is an example of
a. a hydraulic system.
b. buoyancy.
c. Bernoullis principle.
d. Newtons third law of motion.
____ 30. A barometer is used to measure pressure
a. in the atmosphere.
b. under water.
c. in hydraulic systems.
d. under a snowshoe.

Modified True/False
Indicate whether the sentence or statement is true or false. If false, change the identified word or phrase to make the
sentence or statement true.

____ 31. The pressure you exert on the floor decreases when you stand on your toes because the area on which you
exert force decreases. _________________________
____ 32. The air pressure at an altitude of 3 km is less than the air pressure at 1 km. _________________________
____ 33. In a stationary fluid, the buoyant force is exerted equally in all directions. _________________________
____ 34. Hydraulic systems use two pistons with different surface areas to lift heavy objects.
_________________________
____ 35. More force is required to lift an object in water than on land because of the buoyant force of the water.
_________________________
____ 36. Bernoullis principle states that the buoyant force acting on a submerged object is equal to the weight of the
fluid the object displaces. _________________________
____ 37. As a ship is unloaded, it rises higher in the water because the density of the ship and its cargo increases.
_________________________
____ 38. Wind blowing across the top of a chimney helps to draw air up the chimney. This is an example of Bernoullis
principle. _________________________
____ 39. As an airplane wing moves, air moves faster above the wing than below it. _________________________
____ 40. Water pressure is due to the weight of the water above a particular point. _________________________

Completion
Complete each sentence or statement.

41. The pressure resulting from a force of 50 N exerted over an area of 5 m 2 is ____________________ Pa.
42. Water pressure ____________________ with depth.
43. A mountain climber might carry oxygen because the air pressure at the top of the mountain is
____________________ than the air pressure at the bottom.
44. Pressure ___________________ as the area over which a force is distributed increases.
45. The unit of pressure is called the _______________________.
46. When force is applied to a confined fluid, an increase in ____________________ is transmitted equally to all
parts of the fluid.
47. When you squeeze one end of an inflated balloon, the other end bulges out. This behavior is an example of
____________________ principle.
48. In a hydraulic device, the surface area of the small piston is 20 cm 2 and the surface area of the large piston is
80 cm2. To lift a 400-N barrel placed on the large piston, you must apply a force of ____________________
to the small piston.
49. When you squeeze on a bottle with a closed top, the change in pressure is transmitted
____________________ to all parts of the fluid.
50. A net force acts on a submerged object because the upward pressure on the bottom of the object is greater
than the ____________________ pressure on the top of the object.
51. The buoyant force acts in the direction opposite the force of _____________________.
52. A block of wood is placed in a jar of water. According to Archimedes principle, the ____________________
on the block is equal to the weight of the displaced fluid.
53. The greater the portion of a tennis ball beneath the surface of a liquid, the ____________________ the
buoyant force on the ball.
54. Chocolate syrup sinks in milk because chocolate syrup is more ____________________ than milk.
55. A wooden block floats both in water, which has a density of 1.0 g/cm 3, and in corn oil, which has a density of
1.38 g/cm3. Less of the wooden block will be submerged in the ____________________.
56. According to Bernoullis principle, the pressure in a moving stream of fluid is ____________________ than
the pressure of the surrounding fluid.
57. During high winds, the windows in a building may bulge outward because the air pressure inside the building
is ____________________ than the air pressure outside the building.
58. Perfume is released from an atomizer when squeezing the bulb makes the pressure at the top of the tube
____________________ than the pressure at the bottom.
59. An eagle can glide through the air on a windy day thanks in part to ____________________ principle.
60. A pascal can be expressed as one ____________________ per square meter.

Short Answer

Use the diagram to answer each question.


61. Compare the air pressure on the surface of the water outside the glass tube in each container.
62. Compare the air pressure on the surface of the water inside the glass tube in container A with the air pressure
on the surface of the water inside the glass tube in container B.
63. In which container is the air pressure inside the glass tube the greatest?
64. Compare the fluid pressure on the bottom of container A with the fluid pressure on the bottom of container B.
65. In container B, what will happen to the levels of the water in the glass tube and in the container if the stopper
is removed? Explain.
66. Compare the air pressure on the surface of the water inside the glass tube in container B with that inside the
glass tube in container C. Then compare the force of the air on the surface of the water inside the glass tubes
in containers B and C. Explain.

Use the diagram to answer each question.

67. When the block was placed in the liquid in container A, the level of the liquid rose. Why?
68. In what direction is the buoyant force acting on the block in container A?
69. How is the buoyant force related to the displaced liquid in container A?
70. Compare the buoyant force on the block in container B with the weight of the block.
71. Compare the buoyant force in container A with the buoyant force in container B.
72. The fluids in both containers are identical, and both blocks are the same size. Therefore, what can we
conclude about the densities of the blocks?

Essay

73. How can a woman wearing high heels exert a greater pressure on the floor than another woman of equal mass
wearing work boots?
74. Why do the small bubbles of air exhaled by a submerged scuba diver get larger as they float to the surface of
the water?
75. Suppose you shake a closed can containing a carbonated beverage. Explain what happens when you open the
can.
76. Explain how a light push applied to the lever of a hydraulic barbershop chair can lift a person in the chair.
77. A block is gently lowered into a large container that is completely filled with water. The block is then
released. The water that the partially submerged block displaces is caught in a cup and weighed. If the weight
of the displaced water is 2.0 N, what is the weight of the block? Explain.
78. If you hold a sheet of notebook paper just under your lips and blow hard across the top of it, the paper will
rise. Explain this result.
79. When the flap at the rear of an airplane wing is in the downward position, the curvature of the wing increases.
How will this help affect the amount of lift on the wing? Explain.
80. A solid plastic bead floats between a layer of water, which has a density of 1.00 g/cm 3, and a layer of glycerin,
which has a density of 1.26 g/cm3. What is the possible range for the density of the plastic used to make the
bead? Explain.
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Answer Section

MULTIPLE CHOICE

1. ANS: B DIF: L2 REF: p. M-75 OBJ: M.3.1.1


STO: 5.7.A.2, 5.3.B.1
2. ANS: B DIF: L2 REF: p. M-75 OBJ: M.3.1.1
STO: 5.7.A.2, 5.3.B.1
3. ANS: A DIF: L2 REF: p. M-77 OBJ: M.3.1.2
STO: 5.7.A.2
4. ANS: C DIF: L2 REF: p. M-77 OBJ: M.3.1.2
STO: 5.7.A.2
5. ANS: B DIF: L2 REF: p. M-79 OBJ: M.3.1.3
STO: 5.7.A.2
6. ANS: A DIF: L1 REF: p. M-79 OBJ: M.3.1.3
STO: 5.7.A.2
7. ANS: B DIF: L2 REF: p. M-91 OBJ: M.3.3.1
STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.7.A.1
8. ANS: A DIF: L2 REF: p. M-92 OBJ: M.3.3.1
STO: 5.7.A.1, 5.2.A.2, 5.2.B.2
9. ANS: C DIF: L2 REF: p. M-91 OBJ: M.3.3.2
STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.7.A.1
10. ANS: C DIF: L1 REF: p. M-93 OBJ: M.3.3.2
STO: 5.2.B.2, 5.3.D.1.a
11. ANS: C DIF: L1 REF: p. M-83 OBJ: M.3.2.1
STO: 5.7.A.2
12. ANS: B DIF: L2 REF: p. M-83 OBJ: M.3.2.1
STO: 5.7.A.2
13. ANS: C DIF: L2 REF: p. M-84 OBJ: M.3.2.1
STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.7.A.2
14. ANS: A DIF: L1 REF: p. M-84 OBJ: M.3.3.2
STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.7.A.2
15. ANS: C DIF: L1 REF: p. M-86 OBJ: M.3.2.2
STO: 5.7.A.2, 5.1.B.3, 5.1.A.2
16. ANS: B DIF: L3 REF: p. M-84 OBJ: M.3.2.1
STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.7.A.2
17. ANS: B DIF: L1 REF: p. M-91 OBJ: M.3.4.1
STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.7.A.1
18. ANS: C DIF: L2 REF: p. M-97, p. M-98
OBJ: M.3.4.2 STO: 5.2.B.2, 5.7.A.2, 5.7.A.1
19. ANS: D DIF: L1 REF: p. M-97 OBJ: M.3.4.2
STO: 5.2.B.2, 5.7.A.2, 5.7.A.1
20. ANS: A DIF: L1 REF: p. M-85 OBJ: M.3.2.2
STO: 5.3.B.1, 5.7.A.2
21. ANS: A DIF: L1 REF: p. M-85 OBJ: M.3.2.2
STO: 5.3.B.1, 5.7.A.2
22. ANS: A DIF: L2 REF: p. M-85 OBJ: M.3.2.2
STO: 5.3.B.1, 5.7.A.2
23. ANS: B DIF: L2 REF: p. M-75 OBJ: M.3.1.1
STO: 5.7.A.2, 5.3.B.1
24. ANS: C DIF: L2 REF: p. M-76 OBJ: M.3.1.2
STO: 5.7.A.2
25. ANS: A DIF: L1 REF: p. M-76 OBJ: M.3.1.2
STO: 5.7.A.2
26. ANS: C DIF: L3 REF: p. M-96 OBJ: M.3.4.1
STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.1.B.1, 5.1.A.3
27. ANS: C DIF: L2 REF: p. M-80 OBJ: M.3.1.3
STO: 5.7.A.2, 5.8.D
28. ANS: A DIF: L2 REF: p. M-93 OBJ: M.3.3.2
STO: 5.2.B.2, 5.3.D.1.a
29. ANS: A DIF: L2 REF: p. M-94 OBJ: M.3.2.2
STO: 5.2.B.2
30. ANS: A DIF: L1 REF: p. M-80 OBJ: M.3.1.3
STO: 5.7.A.2, 5.8.D

MODIFIED TRUE/FALSE

31. ANS: F, increases

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-75 OBJ: M.3.1.1 STO: 5.7.A.2, 5.3.B.1


32. ANS: T DIF: L2 REF: p. M-79
OBJ: M.3.1.3 STO: 5.7.A.2
33. ANS: F, pressure

DIF: L1 REF: p. M-77 OBJ: M.3.1.2 STO: 5.7.A.2


34. ANS: T DIF: L3 REF: p. M-92
OBJ: M.3.3.1 STO: 5.7.A.1, 5.2.A.2, 5.2.B.2
35. ANS: F, Less

DIF: L1 REF: p. M-83 OBJ: M.3.2.1 STO: 5.7.A.2


36. ANS: F, Archimedes principle

DIF: L1 REF: p. M-84 OBJ: M.3.2.1 STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.7.A.2


37. ANS: F, decreases

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-86 OBJ: M.3.2.2 STO: 5.7.A.2, 5.1.B.3, 5.1.A.2


38. ANS: T DIF: L2 REF: p. M-98
OBJ: M.3.4.2 STO: 5.2.B.2, 5.7.A.1
39. ANS: T DIF: L3 REF: p. M-97
OBJ: M.3.4.2 STO: 5.2.B.2, 5.7.A.2, 5.7.A.1
40. ANS: T DIF: L1 REF: p. M-80
OBJ: M.3.1.3 STO: 5.7.A.2, 5.8.D

COMPLETION
41. ANS: 10

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-75 OBJ: M.3.1.1 STO: 5.7.A.2, 5.3.B.1


42. ANS: increases

DIF: L1 REF: p. M-79 OBJ: M.3.1.3 STO: 5.7.A.2


43. ANS: less

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-79 OBJ: M.3.1.3 STO: 5.7.A.2


44. ANS: decreases

DIF: L1 REF: p. M-75 OBJ: M.3.1.1 STO: 5.7.A.2, 5.3.B.1


45. ANS: pascal

DIF: L1 REF: p. M-75 OBJ: M.3.1.1 STO: 5.7.A.2, 5.3.B.1


46. ANS: pressure

DIF: L1 REF: p. M-91 OBJ: M.3.3.1 STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.7.A.1


47. ANS: Pascals

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-91 OBJ: M.3.3.1 STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.7.A.1


48. ANS: 100 N

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-92 OBJ: M.3.3.1 STO: 5.7.A.1, 5.2.A.2, 5.2.B.2


49. ANS: equally

DIF: L2 REF: p. M-91 OBJ: M.3.3.1 STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.7.A.1


50. ANS: downward

DIF: L2 REF: p. M-83 OBJ: M.3.2.1 STO: 5.7.A.2


51. ANS: gravity

DIF: L1 REF: p. M-83 OBJ: M.3.2.1 STO: 5.7.A.2


52. ANS: buoyant force

DIF: L2 REF: p. M-84 OBJ: M.3.2.1 STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.7.A.2


53. ANS: greater

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-84 OBJ: M.3.2.1 STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.7.A.2


54. ANS: dense

DIF: L2 REF: p. M-85 OBJ: M.3.2.2 STO: 5.3.B.1, 5.7.A.2


55. ANS: corn oil

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-85 OBJ: M.3.2.2 STO: 5.3.B.1, 5.7.A.2


56. ANS: lower

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-96 OBJ: M.3.4.1 STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.1.B.1, 5.1.A.3


57. ANS: higher
DIF: L3 REF: p. M-96 OBJ: M.3.4.1 STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.1.B.1, 5.1.A.3
58. ANS: lower

DIF: L2 REF: p. M-98 OBJ: M.3.4.2 STO: 5.2.B.2, 5.7.A.1


59. ANS: Bernoullis

DIF: L2 REF: p. M-97 OBJ: M.3.4.2 STO: 5.2.B.2, 5.7.A.2, 5.7.A.1


60. ANS: newton

DIF: L2 REF: p. M-75 OBJ: M.3.1.1 STO: 5.7.A.2, 5.3.B.1

SHORT ANSWER

61. ANS:
The air pressure on the surface of the water outside the glass tube in each container is the same.

DIF: L2 REF: p. M-77 OBJ: M.3.1.2 STO: 5.7.A.2


62. ANS:
The air pressure is greater in container A. It must be, because the height of the waters surface inside the tube
is lower.

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-77 OBJ: M.3.1.2 STO: 5.7.A.2


63. ANS:
In container D. It must be, because the surface of the water in the glass tube is lowest in container D.

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-77 OBJ: M.3.1.2 STO: 5.7.A.2


64. ANS:
The fluid pressures are the same; the water is the same depth in both containers.

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-77 OBJ: M.3.1.2 STO: 5.7.A.2


65. ANS:
If the stopper is removed, air pressure will return to normal in the glass tube, which means it will increase.
The weight of the air pressure will push the water in the tube down, causing the surrounding water to rise
until the levels are the same.

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-77 OBJ: M.3.1.2 STO: 5.7.A.2


66. ANS:
The water is at the same height in the glass tubes in containers B and C. Therefore, the pressure on the surface
of the water is the same inside the tubes in both containers. The force on the surface of the water inside the
tube in container C is greater than that inside the tube in container B because the pressure is acting over a
greater area.

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-77 OBJ: M.3.1.2 STO: 5.7.A.2


67. ANS:
The block displaced some of the liquid.

DIF: L1 REF: p. M-84 OBJ: M.3.2.1 STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.7.A.2


68. ANS:
The buoyant force is acting upward on the block of wood.

DIF: L2 REF: p. M-83 OBJ: M.3.2.1 STO: 5.7.A.2


69. ANS:
The weight of the displaced liquid equals the buoyant force on the block.

DIF: L2 REF: p. M-84 OBJ: M.3.2.1 STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.7.A.2


70. ANS:
The buoyant force is less than the weight of the block. The buoyant force acts in an upward direction and the
weight of the block acts in a downward direction. Because the weight is greater than the buoyant force, the
block sinks.

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-84 OBJ: M.3.2.1 STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.7.A.2


71. ANS:
Archimedes principle states that the buoyant force on an object equals the weight of the fluid displaced by
the object. The block in container A is only partially submerged; the block in container B is completely
submerged. Therefore, the block in container B displaces more fluid than the block in container A. Because
the fluids in both containers are identical, the weight of the fluid displaced in container B has to be greater
than that in container A. Therefore, the buoyant force in container A is less than the buoyant force in container
B.

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-84 OBJ: M.3.2.1 STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.7.A.2


72. ANS:
The density of the block in container B must be greater than the density of the block in container A.

DIF: L2 REF: p. M-85 OBJ: M.3.2.2 STO: 5.3.B.1, 5.7.A.2

ESSAY

73. ANS:
The woman wearing high heels exerts force over a smaller area than the woman wearing work boots. Because
pressure depends on area, the woman in heels, which cover less area of the floor than work boots, exerts more
pressure on the floor.

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-75 OBJ: M.3.1.1 STO: 5.7.A.2, 5.3.B.1


74. ANS:
Because water pressure increases with depth, the pressure of water on the bubbles at the depth of the scuba
diver is greater than the pressure near the surface. So as the bubbles rise, the pressure on them decreases and
they expand.

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-79 OBJ: M.3.1.3 STO: 5.7.A.2


75. ANS:
Shaking up the carbonated beverage increases its pressure. When the can is opened, gas and liquid escape
rapidly, until the pressure inside the can becomes equal to the pressure outside the can.

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-77 OBJ: M.3.1.2 STO: 5.7.A.2


76. ANS:
The light push on the lever causes a small piston to exert pressure on the liquid in the hydraulic system. The
pressure is exerted equally throughout the system. The liquid exerts this pressure on a larger piston, which is
attached to the chair seat. Because the piston has a large surface area, the pressure creates a larger force on it.
This force is large enough to lift the piston, the attached chair, and the person in the chair.

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-92 OBJ: M.3.3.1 STO: 5.7.A.1, 5.2.A.2, 5.2.B.2


77. ANS:
The weight of the block is 2.0 N. Because the block is floating (partially submerged), the weight of the block
equals the buoyant force on it. According to Archimedes principle, the buoyant force is the weight of the
fluid displaced, which is 2.0 N.

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-84 OBJ: M.3.2.1 STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.7.A.2


78. ANS:
Blowing across the paper causes the air on top of the paper to travel faster than the air beneath it. The slower-
moving air beneath the paper exerts upward pressure on the paper that is greater than the downward pressure
caused by the faster-moving air on top of the paper. The greater upward pressure causes a net unbalanced
force on the paper, which lifts it.

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-96 OBJ: M.3.4.1 STO: 5.2.A.3, 5.1.B.1, 5.1.A.3


79. ANS:
When the curvature of the wing increases, air moving across the top of the wing moves more rapidly. Also,
the air under the wing encounters increased resistance and moves more slowly than when the flap is straight.
The increased difference in speed between the air above the wing and the air below the wing will help to
cause an increased lift on the wing.

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-97 OBJ: M.3.4.2 STO: 5.2.B.2, 5.7.A.2, 5.7.A.1


80. ANS:
The density of the plastic is greater than 1.00 g/cm 3 because the bead sinks in the water, but less than 1.26
g/cm3 because it floats in the glycerin.

DIF: L3 REF: p. M-85 OBJ: M.3.2.2 STO: 5.3.B.1, 5.7.A.2

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