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MEA, 2005; Kopinas and Chapin, 2009

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These are abnormal times for the
Philippine mining industry.
Closure and suspension orders for 22 and 4
companies
Show-cause orders to holders of 75 MPSAs
DENR policy suspending the processing of ECC and
mining applications
DENR ban on open pit mining.

Responsible and regulated, and sustainable development is what we


advocate and require. The protection of the environment must be
made a priority ahead of mining and all other activities that adversely
affect, one way or the other, and the policy is non-negotiable.
The President sternly warned all mining operations and contractors to
refrain from the unbridled and irresponsible destruction of our
watersheds, forests, and aquatic resources.
I am holding all mining companies and its officials responsible for the
full and quick clean-up, restoration [and] rehabilitation of all areas
damaged by mining activities, and the extension of all necessary
support to the communities that have suffered mining's disastrous
effects on their health, livelihood, and environment, among others.

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Option 1: Business as usual


and hope that the problem
would resolve itself.

Option 2: Take a clear,


objective, and hard look at
the issues positive
findings should be
enhanced and the negative
ones avoided or mitigated
with firm resolve,
consistent and enduring

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Environmental Social Development
Management ISSUE: Suffering in terms
ISSUE: Destruction of of health, livelihood, and
watersheds, forests, and the environment
aquatic resources

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Major drivers of the Environmental Issues
Clearcutting of large areas
Erosion
Sedimentation

Technical solutions to the environmental issues and


drivers are available.
Design standards Required characteristics and
technical details that must be met by a mining or
ancillary process, structure, or system such as
dimensions, safety aspects, and performance
requirements.
Codes Laws or regulations that specify the
minimum standards for compliance by mining
companies to protect public safety and health and
the environment.

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Rain Splash Surface Runoff
Shearing Force

www.flowvella.com

Soil cover Minimized land clearing,


revegetation, other covers especially along
drainage channels

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Detention
ponds,
water
diversions
, and
drainage
channels

Proper design,
location, sizing,
construction, and
maintenance are Aucklanddesignmanual.co.nz

critical.

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The design standards require careful
consideration of:
1. Peak inflow rate and runoff volume for the
10-year 24-hour design storm event
2. Influent sediment size distribution an
sediment yield
3. Inflow suspended solids concentration and
effluent regulations
4. Factors that militate against the ideal settling
of suspended solids.

Return
Period 5 mins 1hr 2 hrs 3 hrs 6 hrs 12 hrs 24 hrs
(yrs)
2 16.3 64.2 90.8 108.6 143.5 177.9 204.8
5 24.5 95.2 136.8 164.6 216.8 269.1 308.9
10 29.9 115.8 167.3 201.7 265.4 329.4 377.8
15 32.9 127.3 184.5 222.6 292.8 363.5 416.7
20 35.0 135.5 196.5 237.2 311.9 387.3 443.9
25 36.7 141.7 205.8 248.5 326.7 405.7 464.9
50 41.8 161.0 234.3 283.2 372.2 462.3 529.5
100 46.8 180.1 262.6 317.7 417.4 518.4 593.6

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PARTICLE SIZE CLASSIFICATION
SIZE, in mm CLASS
DESCRIPTION
16.00 8.00 Medium gravel
8.00 4.00 Fine gravel
4.00 2.00 Very Fine gravel Often substantially deposited
2.00 1.00 Very coarse sand within a sediment control structure.
1.00 0.50 Coarse sand
0.50 0.25 Medium Sand
0.25 0.125 Fine sand
0.125 0.062 Very fine sand
0.062 0.031 Coarse silt
Most important range of sediment
0.031 0.016 Medium silt
sizes.
0.016 0.008 Fine silt
0.008 0.004 Very fine silt Substantially passes through
0.004 0.002 Coarse clay structure unless natural or artificial
0.002 0.001 Medium clay flocculation occurs.
0.001 0.0005 Fine clay
0.0005 Very fine clay
0.00024

The design standards require careful


consideration of:
1. Peak inflow rate and runoff volume for the
10-year 24-hour design storm event
2. Influent sediment size distribution an
sediment yield
3. Inflow suspended solids concentration and
effluent regulations
4. Factors that militate against the ideal settling
of suspended solids.

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modified after www.mdpi.com

Mining contractors are required to technically and


biologically rehabilitate the mined-out land (Section
71, RA 7942).
Minesite decommissioning and rehabilitation shall
aim to establish a land use capability that is
functional and proximate to the land use prior to the
disturbance of the mine area, unless other more
beneficial land uses are predetermined and agreed
in partnership with local communities and LGUs
(Section 167[b], DENR AO No. 2010-21).

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Base of Overburden

Soil Suitable to Plant Growth Post-Mining Subsoil


Properties
Physical Texture and soil aggregation More Compacted
pore spaces and stable Smooth surface
Rough surface Good water holding Steep with planar
capacity slopes
Gentle undulating with concave
slopes
Chemical Organic matter (OM) Not detected to
High CEC very low
pH (generally 5.5 to 7)
Nutrients (N, P, K, micronutrients)
Biological Bacteria to convert N2 to NH3, Not detected to
decompose OM, and promote plant extremely low
growth

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Physical Chemical Biological
1. Flatten the general slope to 1. Fresh topsoil is the 1. Plant diverse
minimize runoff and erosion. preferred soil endemic species to
ameliorant. induce soil microbial
2. If required for plant root
diversity.
development, spread subsoil over 2. The alternative is
2. Species must include
recontoured surface. organic residuals such tree species and
3. Spread available topsoil ideally at as compost and animal ground cover
15 cm thickness. In the absence of manure. species of grass and
topsoil, broadcast spread compost 3. Do soil analyses and vines.
or animal wastes and rip into the treatment trials to 3. Use Mykovam, a
subsoil for 30 cm. determine the optimum soil-based
amount of residuals. biofertilizer that
4. Create small depressions, mounds,
contains VAM, in the
and tillage ridges. propagated
5. Add on the surface obstructions seedlings and
such as logs, rocks, woody debris, outplantings.
and herbaceous litter.

Rigorous mathematical computations to design the


individual components
Use of various nomographs to facilitate the
computations and design
Development of computer software that integrates
the design and evaluation phases and facilitates the
comparison of alternative systems
US OSMRE uses the software to review mining permit
applications, design of mine reclamation projects,
and remediation plans.

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Section 57, RA No. 7942: A contractor


shall assist in the development of its
mining community, the promotion of the Feasible &
Equitable
Human &
Inclusive
general welfare of its inhabitants
Section 3, DENR AO No. 2010-21: the
DENR shall adhere to the principle of
sustainable development which meets
the needs of the present without Bearable &

compromising the ability of future Healthy


Tavanti, 2013

generations to meet their own needs,


with the view of improving the total
quality of life, both now and in the
future.

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The comprehensive five-
year plan of the contractor
toward the sustained
improvement in the living
standards of the host and
neighboring communities
by creating responsible,
self-reliant, and resource-
based communities capable
of developing,
managing community development programs, projects, and
implementing, and consistent with the principle of people
activities in a manner
empowerment (Section 5, DENR AO No. 2010-21).

A mandatory Allowable DHNC Expenditures


program with a 1. Human Resource Development and
Institutional Building
minimum annual
budget equivalent 2. Enterprise Development and Networking

to 1.5% of the 3. Assistance to Infrastructure Development and


Support Services
contractors
4. Access to Education and Educational Support
operating costs. Programs
Three-quarters 5. Access to Health Services, Facilities, and
(75%) is for the Professionals
Development of 6. Protection and Respect of Socio-cultural
Host and Values
Neighboring 7. Use of Facilities/Services within the Mine

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1. Quality of living
bmp environment
Caraga Regional 2. Economic
impacts and
Office No. 13

material well-
being
3. Health and social
well-being
4. Family and
community
impacts
5. Institutional,
legal, political,
Van Shooten et al., 2003
and equity
6. Cultural and

SDMP
100,000,000

80,000,000

60,000,000

40,000,000

20,000,000

0
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012


6,555,02 17,929,18 91,469,06
DHNC 2,518,673 4,773,990 6,554,869 3,950,723
2 0 3
Source: MGB Caraga Regional Office

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The SDMP did very significantly improve the public
infrastructures and education and health facilities and
services in the host and neighboring communities.

Taganito HPAL Nickel Corporation

However, the improvement of the total quality of life


both now and in the future is still a work in progress.
The work is impeded by internal and external factors.
The major internal ones are the SDMPs weak focus on
the marginalized and disadvantaged and livelihoods.

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1. Focus on the marginalized and disadvantaged
2. Prioritize sustainable livelihood projects
3. Ensure that all sustainability elements are present in
SDMP projects
4. Harmonize the SDMP with local development plans
5. Monitor, evaluate, and report progress through the
sustainability and quality-of-life indicators.

- Lack of influence
- No social connections
- Lack of social power
- Lack of political participation
- Corrupt environment
- Lack of access to services and - Lack of bargaining tools - Lack of reserves
information - No savings
- Remote location - Lack of choices
- Lack of education - Easy to manipulate by social
- Excluded from the system conventions and unproductive
because of race, gender, age or expenditures
political reasons. - Difficult climate conditions

- Lack of material assets - Lack of strength


- Inadequate housing - Poor health
- Poor nutrition - Inadequate hygiene
- No land, livestock or equipment - Too many dependents

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Poor Households 4Ps Beneficiary Residual Poor
Barangay
2015 Households 2016 Households
Bagakay 136 128 8
Cabugo 286 183 103
Cagdianao 415 226 189
Daywan 289 202 87
Hayanggabon 201 146 55
Ladgaron 313 223 90
Lapinigan 120 91 29
Magallanes 106 66 40
Panatao 151 121 30
Sapa 167 112 55
Taganito 452 201 251
Tayaga 202 173 29
Urbiztondo 198 156 42
Wangke 60 46 14
Claver 3,096 2,074 1,022
Source: DSWD

Economic Social Environmental Institutional


Goods/services Social equity is Long-term Responsible and
will continue to maximized. productivity of capable leader
be produced and Livelihoods or natural and members.
consumed by the livelihood options resources/ Participatory
target market of others are not ecosystem decision-making
beyond the compromised. services with checks and
intervention maintained. balances.
period. No wastage of Shared goals and
A baseline level resource. values, trust, and
of economic Resilient in the cooperation in
welfare can be face of external the organization.
achieved and shocks and All legal and
sustained. stresses. permit
requirements
met.

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Internal Revenue
National Wealth Share IRA and NWS
Allotment
LGU
2013 - 2013 - 2013 -
Annual Ave. Annual Ave. Annual Ave.
2015 2015 2015
229,975,63 503,517,10 167,839,03 306,634,17 244,497,58
Claver 76,658,544
3 8 6 7 0
391,624,41 130,541,47 411,012,70 137,044,23
Host Brgys. 19,388,288 6,462,763
7 2 5 5
Urbiztondo 4,724,568 1,574,856 76,968,858 25,656,286 81,693,426 27,231,142
Taganito 6,040,542 2,013,514 52,378,287 17,459,429 58,418,829 19,472,943
123,817,71 128,255,59
4,437,882 1,479,294 41,272,570 42,751,864
Hayanggabon
Sources: DBM for the IRA; NWS derived from MGB Caraga figures on royalties. 0 2
138,459,56 142,644,85
Cagdianao 4,185,296 1,395,099 46,153,187 47,548,286
2 8

2013-2015 Annual LGU


2015
LGU Annual Ave. Income per
Population
Income capita
Claver P 32,773 13,132
244,497,580
Urbiztondo 27,231,142 2,939 9,265
Taganito 19,472,943 4,702 4,141
42,751,864 2,373 18,016
Hayanggabon
Note: Income excludes local taxes and fees.

Cagdianao 47,548,286 4,140 11,485

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2013-2015 Annual LGU
2015
LGU Annual Ave. Income per
Population
Income capita
Claver P 244,497,580 32,773 P 13,132
Urbiztondo 27,231,142 2,939 9,265
Taganito 19,472,943 4,702 4,141
42,751,864 2,373 18,016
Hayanggabon
Cagdianao 47,548,286 4,140 11,485
Quezon City 16,365,000,000 2,936,000 5,574
Makati City 15,506,000,000 583,000 26,597

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1. The mining companies, through the Chamber of


Mines, to work out and agree on the design
standards, mainly for erosion, sedimentation, and
mine rehabilitation.
2. DENR, MGB, and EMB to evaluate the design
standards and in collaboration with the Chamber,
develop the Code of Regulations supported by
Advisories or Guidelines and a training program.
3. The technical personnel of the DENR, MGB, EMB, and
mining companies to undergo training on the design
standards, Code of Regulations, Advisories, and
Guidelines.

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4. The DENR, MGB, and EMB to implement the Code in
the EIAs; review of applications for ECCs, EPEPs,
FMRDPs, DMPF, and Wastewater Discharge Permits;
and monitoring of ECC, program, and permit
commitments of mining companies.
5. The DENR, MGB, EMB, and the Chamber to monitor,
evaluate, and work to improve the effectiveness and
efficiency of the design standards and Code in
protecting the watersheds, forests, and aquatic
resources.

1. The efforts of the MGB Caraga Regional Office,


headed by RD Roger de Dios, to re-focus the
SDMP must be acknowledged.
2. DENR and MGB to seriously consider MGB
Caragas new SDMP standards and guidelines
for uniform application nationwide.

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Acknowledgments are due to the creators of the powerful images available in


the web which were used to amplify the messages in the slides.
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