Professional Documents
Culture Documents
John Bing-Canar
FIELDS Group
U.S. EPA, Region 5, Superfund
312.886.6182
bing-canar.john@epa.gov
Outline
Data Analysis topics:
overview
data requirements
data processing
statistical analysis
secondary sampling
cleanup objectives
software and resources
case studies
Overview
Stating the obvious:
Overview
Why this topic?
data, data issues, in-field devices, clean-up
estimation
available softwares and where to get them
case studies to highlight concepts
Data Requirements
Basic data needs
contaminate concentration(s)
locational data (X and Y)
true coordinates (e.g., UTM)
latitutde/longitude
local coordinates (e.g., northing and easting from one
corner of site)
date/time collected
additional data
elevation (Z)
Data Processing
Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
data error detection
contaminate, X, Y, Z, date values
units (ppm vs. ppb)
data error detection techniques
descriptive statistics such as maximum/minimum,
graphing (boxplots, histograms)
negative values, values outside of range (% oxygen > 100)
mapping (spatial max/min values)
are locations far from majority of sample locations?
outlier tests?
not a good idea; high contamination values usually
indicate a source not an outlier
Data Processing
Exploratory Data Analysis (EDA)
LOD treatment
1/2 LOD?
Duplicates and splits treatments
take maximum?
take average?
take median?
Summary
choose a method and document it (transparency)
Statistical Analysis
Calibration of field methods with lab methods
Goal: calibration equation, e.g.,
y = (m)(x) + b
adjusted value = (slope)(lab value) + intercept
For example, InnovX XRF
adjusted lead = (1.54)(lab value) – 14.13
Natural log adjusted lead = (1.00)(Natural log of lab
value) + 0.37
if lab value = 100ppm, then adjusted lead value = 149.75
Statistical Analysis
Initial locations
Secondary locations
Kalamazoo River
Secondary Sampling
Radial sampling
to meet the need to adequately describe spatial
variation over distance
Initial locations
Radial locations
Kalamazoo River
Secondary Sampling
Radial sampling
to meet the need to adequately describe spatial
variation over distance
Initial locations
Radial locations
Kalamazoo River
Cleanup Objectives
Four components:
2D and 3D data
spatial estimation (interpolation)
identify cleanup areas
estimate mass/volume
Cleanup Objectives
2D and 3D data
2D data (e.g., mercury levels in sediment surface)
3D data (e.g., downhole gamma logging)
Cleanup Objectives
Spatial estimation (interpolation)
interpolation generates estimates at unsampled
locations
interpolation
Scio Pottery
Cleanup Objectives
Spatial estimation (interpolation)
why interpolate?
hot spot delineations
mass/volume calculations
determine remediation areas
interpolation
Cleanup Objectives
Identify cleanup areas
goal:
average concentration; or
any area above a specified value
Deer Lake
Cleanup Objectives
Estimate mass and volume
what is expected volume of soil (sediment) and
mass of contaminant to meet a cleanup goal?
Deer Lake
Cleanup Objectives
Estimate mass and volume
Deer Lake
Software and Resources
Software
Freeware
FIELDS Tools for ArcGIS (http://epa.instepsoftware.com/FIELDS/)
F/S Plus [stand-alone] (http://epa.instepsoftware.com/FIELDS/)
SADA [stand-alone] (http://www.tiem.utk.edu/~sada/index.shtml)
GMS [stand-alone] (http://www.ems-i.com/)
Proprietary Software
WinGslib (www.statios.com)
EVS/MVS (www.ctech.com)
SAGE2001 (www.isaaks.com)
earthVision (www.dgi.com)
Software and Resources
Software
Freeware
FORMS II Lite (http://www.epa.gov/superfund/programs/clp/f2lite.htm)
Generates sample labels, bottle tags, and Chain of Custody (COC) forms;
Tracks samples from the field to the laboratory;
Facilitates electronic capture of sample information into databases; and
Exports data electronically as .xml, .dbf or .txt files.
MARSSIM (http://www.epa.gov/radiation/marssim/index.html)
The Multi-Agency Radiation Surveys and Site Investigation Manual
(MARSSIM) provides detailed guidance for planning, implementing, and
evaluating environmental and facility radiological surveys conducted to
demonstrate compliance with a dose- or risk-based regulation
ProUCL (http://www.epa.gov/esd/tsc/software.htm)
Estimates Upper Confidence Limit (UCL) of the mean using various
parametric and nonparametric methods
Statistical methods that can be used to verify the attainment of cleanup
standards
Software and Resources
Software
Freeware
VSP (http://dqo.pnl.gov/index.htm)
Statiscally-based sample design software
Supported and financed by the USEPA to meet the DQ) (Data Quality
Objectives)
Proprietary Software
TerraSeer (http://www.terraseer.com/index.php)
Space-Time Intelligence System (STIS)
A GIS software that allows for space and time analyses (e.g., cluster
analysis)
End of Talk
Site Info Management: Decision Making
Tools
ArcGIS
Internet Tools
Google Earth
ArcGIS Explorer
MS Virtual Earth
IMAAC
How Robust are these tools?
ArcGIS
Capable of sophisticated Spatial and Statistical Analysis
On the fly Complex Queries
Requires extensive knowledge of GIS
Internet Tools (Google Earth, ArcGIS Explorer, MS
Virtual Earth)
More for Presentation Purposes and general use
Less functionality for on the fly or detailed data analysis
Designed for non-GIS personnel
More extensive analysis would require customized
programming
IMAAC
Capable of short term, quick response plume mapping
More detailed modeling can be conducted
GIS = Geographic Information Systems
How does a full-blown GIS software like ArcGIS differ from Google Earth or other
Internet-based free software?
Statistical analysis:
Is there a statistically significant relationship between residential soil levels for Lead?
Is there a pattern of Arsenic levels in soil from an airborne release?
Case Study
Nicor Gas Company Response, Park Ridge, IL
In June 2007, Nicor Gas company (Nicor) discovered PCBs in gas
meters at four homes in Park Ridge, IL. Nicor cleaned up the
homes and contacted U.S. EPA, whose inspectors then performed
follow-up testing of indoor air, soil, and hard surfaces. In July and
August, further sampling of other homes in Park Ridge was
conducted in order to determine the extent of contaminated gas
meters.
In July and August, further sampling of other homes in Park Ridge
was conducted in order to determine the extent of contaminated
gas meters. In total, more than 140 homes were sampled. Nicor,
U.S. EPA Region 5 Land and Chemicals Division (LCD), U.S. EPA
Region 5 Superfund Emergency Response Branch (ERB), and
Illinois Environmental Protection Agency (IEPA) contributed to the
sampling effort.
Nicor Gas Company Response
In September, ERB requested FIELDS
assistance in producing maps of PCB data
collected in Park Ridge.
These data included “source” samples, or
samples from components of the gas
transmission system, interior surface wipe
samples, and interior air samples.
Sample data was compiled from multiple
formats into a single database.
Geographic coordinates for individual
properties were obtained using an Internet
geocoding service. Using this database
with ESRI ArcMap GIS software, various
maps showing the first seven properties
with detected levels of PCBs were created.
For a presentation to the RA, data files
were converted to ESRI ArcExplorer and
displayed.
Nicor Gas Company Response
Following the production of these
maps, new sample data was
received and added to the
database. In preparation for
another site meeting, additional
data queries were created using
ArcMap. For example, queries
were generated that showed the
results data and locations of the
original four sampled homes, all
commercial sampled properties,
and properties at which detected
PCBs were found concurrently in
meter, air, and wipe samples.
PCB was detected in “source” samples. “Source”
samples were from gas meters, regulators, and drip
legs
Decision Making Tools: Internet Tools
Google Earth
ArcGIS Explorer
MS Virtual Earth
Google Earth
Utilizes Google search (address) with satellite imagery, maps, and terrain.
Free and license versions with various functionality
Google Earth (free)
Earth Plus ($20)
Import GPS data
Earth Pro ($400)-EPA OSCs all have a 1 year license
Increased functionality and import/export capabilities
Allows GIS coverages to be read directly
Enterprise
Limitations
Requires Internet
Aerials can’t be downloaded and used somewhere else.
Limited cartographic features
Limited GIS functionality
Advantages
Simple
Fast
Maintained
Ohio River Tools
Sample Designs and navigation
Map generation with save
Data saved as ArcView shapefile, DBF,
and AutoCAD DXF
Data Collection Dictionary
Query Excel Spreadsheet
NARAC - http://narac.llnl.gov
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