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Table of Contents
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1. Introduction
2. Notes
3. Search URI Examples
1. Basic Search URI Example
2. Advanced Search URI Example
3. Advanced Image Search URI Example
4. Example Client Search URIs
5. Miscellaneous Query Parameters
1. Showing Duplicate Content
2. Browse By Name
4. Basic Operators
1. + Required
2. - Excluded
3. OR Operator
4. " " Complete Phrase
5. ~ Similar Words
6. * Wildcard Search
7. .. Number Range
5. Advanced Google Operators
1. Time-based and Date-based
1. date: Last X Months
2. daterange: Between Two Dates
3. tbs=qdr: Limit by Time Period
2. filetype: File Types
3. site: Restrict To Site
4. cache: Google Cache
5. link: Sites That Link To
6. related: Related Sites
7. info: Website Information
8. define: Define Word
9. phonebook: Google Phonebook
10. stocks: Stock Symbols
11. weather: Weather Forcast
12. music: Music Search
13. movie: Movie Search
14. Flight Information
6. SEO-oriented Operators
1. allintitle: All Words In Title
2. intitle: Word In Title
3. allintext: All Words In Text
4. intext: Word In Text
5. allinurl: All Words In URL
6. inurl: Word in URL
7. allinanchor: All Words In Anchor
8. inanchor: Word In Anchor
7. Google Calculator Guide
1. Basic Math
2. Roots
3. Trigonometry
4. Logarithms, Base e
5. Logarithms, Base 10
6. Factorials
7. Conversions
1. Degrees and Radians
2. Number Bases
3. Distance
4. Speed, Time and Temperature
5. Currency
6. Cooking
8. Google Image Search
1. Restricting image results
2. Showing only images of a certain type
3. Showing only images of a certain size
4. Showing only images of a certain color
5. Showing only images of a certain source
9. Credits and contact information
1. Introduction
This page is provided as a reference and a guide to using the advanced search operators
that Google provides.
Most of the operators have a Google Search box pre-filled so you can see example
results.
With the announcement of SSL support on Google.com I changed all the search
examples to use SSL as well.
2. Notes
Google is case insensitive, meanting that 'gOoGle' is the same as 'GOOGLE' and
'google'
Search operators are case sensitive, meaning that 'OR' is not the same as 'or'
Without using any operators, Google will show pages with all words first, trying to
find the words in order
Google excludes common words (known as stop words) like 'I', 'the', 'a' etc
Pay attention to operators that must be used alone
3. Search URIs
https://www.google.com/search?
hl=en
&q=test
&btnG=Google+Search
Google advanced search sends the following URI to the server. Here is the decoding:
https://www.google.com/search?
as_q=test (query string)
&hl=en (language)
&num=10 (number of results [10,20,30,50,100])
&btnG=Google+Search
&as_epq= (complete phrase)
&as_oq= (at least one)
&as_eq= (excluding)
&lr= (language results. [lang_countrycode])
&as_ft=i (filetype include or exclude. [i,e])
&as_filetype= (filetype extension)
&as_qdr=all (date [all,M3,m6,y])
&as_nlo= (number range, low)
&as_nhi= (number range, high)
&as_occt=any (terms occur [any,title,body,url,links])
&as_dt=i (restrict by domain [i,e])
&as_sitesearch= (restrict by [site])
&as_rights= (usage rights [cc_publicdomain,cc_
attribute,cc_sharealike,cc_noncommercial,cc_nonderived]
&safe=images (safesearch [safe=on,images=off])
&as_rq= (similar pages)
&as_lq= (pages that link)
&gl=us (2-digit country code in lowercase)
The department of Information and Computing Services for the University of
California at Irvine maintains a list of country codes.
Note: Usage Rights does not seem to be available as a search operator. If you know of
one, please email Joseph Becher at the address at the bottom of the page.
Google advanced image search sends the following URI to the server. Here is the
decoding:
https://www.google.com/imghp?
as_q= (query string)
&hl=en (language)
&btnG=Google+Search
&as_epq= (complete phrase)
&as_oq= (at least one)
&as_eq= (excluding)
&imgtype= (restrict by image type)
&imgsz= (restrict by image size)
&imgc= (restrict by image color)
&as_filetype= (filetype extension)
&as_sitesearch= (restrict by [site])
&safe=off (safesearch [safe=on,images=off])
&as_st=y
Image type, size and color restrictions are explained more in depth under the restricting
image search results section.
https://www.google.com/search?
q=test
&ie=utf-8
&oe=utf-8
&aq=t
&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official
&client=firefox-a
https://www.google.com/search?
q=test
&sourceid=ie7
&rls=com.microsoft:en-US
&ie=utf8
&oe=utf8
So far the only diference I can see is that the Firefox search allows images, where the
Internet Explorer ones does not. If anybody wants to explain the query strings, or add
their own, please email Joseph Becher at the address at the bottom of the page.
Adding &filter=0 to the search URI will show similar results. This is the same as
clicking the message
In order to show you the most relevant results, we have omitted some entries very
similar to the X already displayed.
If you like, you can repeat the search with the omitted results included.
Thanks to Ray Pennisi. Details from the 'New Duplicate Content Filter at Google?'
post at threadwatch.org..
"Browse By Name" is a search method that first surfaced in the Google Toolbar. It was
added to Firefox 2.0+ as the default search from the location bar. To use, it requires the
following two parameters:
&sourceid=navclient&gfns=1
Thanks to Kevin Goodsell. Details from the 'Googles "Browse By Name" in Firefox'
post at squarefree.com.
4. Basic Operators
4.1. + Required
Forces Google to include the word. Can be used with stop words, as in 'over +the
fence'.
4.2. - Excluded
Excludes the word, ensuring that it will not appear of result, as in 'pig -bacon'.
4.3. OR Operator
Gives you a choice. You can have 'one' OR 'the other', as in 'cats OR dogs'. Remember
that this operator must be in all CAPS. You can also use the symbol for OR, '|', known
as the pipe.
Putting words in quotes talls Google to search for the complete phrase. This can also
include stop words, as in "the search engine".
Search for similar words, or synonyms. Searching search ~tips will returns results with
'help', 'guide', 'tutorial' etc.
The '*' is called a wildcard. Searching for 'looking for *' will return results like 'looking
for dogs', 'looking for cats' etc. You can also use the wildcard with phrases, such as
"Los Angeles * jobs" to search for jobs in Los Angeles, etc.
Search within a range of numbers. Searching for 'computer $500..1000' will find
computers between $500 and $1000 dollars.
Search for 'new' pages Google added in the last X months, such as 'google date:3'
date: accepts 3, 6 and 12.
You may limit your search to an exact date of a "range" of dates that a page was added
by Google. Dates must be entered in julian format.
Searching for 'google daterange:2453006-2453371' returns pages that Google indexed
in the year 2004.
With Google's release of Search options you can now limit your search results by time
period. The format is as follows:
Restricts the results to the given domain. site:jwebnet.net will find all indexed pages on
www.jwebnet.net, while site:jwebnet.net design will find all design-related pages on
www.jwebnet.net .
You can also find your supplemental results using this query: site:www.jwebnet.net
*** -sljktf.
Displays the page from Google's saved cache. Other words in the search will be
highlighted in the returned page.
Very helpful if a page is down or deleted.
returns some informations about the given web page. Typically website and
description.
Note the information below the results on this search
Returns all movies related to the search term given. Sample: movie:transformers
Clicking on a movie title allows you to pull showtimes. You can also find movies by
locations: movie:nyc , movie 10015.
Search for flights inside USA using the airport code. sample: jfk lax
6. SEO-oriented Operators
Search for documents with the first word after the intitle operator in their title.
Search for documents with the first word after the intext operator in their text.
Search for documents with the first word after the inurl operator in their url.
Search for documents with the first word after the operator in an anchor.
3+2 returns 5
4-1 returns 3
6*8 returns 48
15/5 returns 3
3^2 returns 9 (3 raised to power 2)
5%2 returns 1 (the remainder after division)
sqrt(49) returns 7, if you need non-square roots you can use for example 3th root of 27.
7.6. ! Fractorials
Returns n factorial: 3!
Numbers can be entered also in hexadecimal, octal and binary base, using 0x, 0o and
0b prefixes, for example 5 +0xf+0b1001
7.7. Conversions
in degrees
in radians
You can convert radians to degrees: pi/2 in degrees or convert degrees into radians: 90
degrees in radians
in hex
in binary
in octal
in decimal
You can convert to each of the given bases: 16 in hex , 16 in octal, 16 in binary, 0 11
in decimal
You can also use 2007 in roman numerals (in case you're building a temple and you
need to know how to write the year on it)
7.7.3. Distance
You can use 100miles in km , 1m in mm, but also 200000 km in light-second etc.
100mph in kph
1 month in seconds
280 kelvin in celsius
50 fahrenheit in celsius
7.7.5. Currency
3 € in $ or 3 euros in dollars
7.7.6. Cooking
3 teaspoons in oz
1 cup + 1 tablespoon in teaspoon
Google Image Search has advanced operators as well. They can be selected at Google's
Advanced Image search page.
Adding &filter=0 to the search URI will show similar results. This is the same as
clicking the message
In order to show you the most relevant results, we have omitted some entries very
similar to the X already displayed.
If you like, you can repeat the search with the omitted results included.
Thanks to Ray Pennisi. Details from the 'New Duplicate Content Filter at Google?'
post at threadwatch.org..
Adding &imgtype= to the search URI lets you filter your results to a certain type:
Adding &imgsz= to the search URI lets yout filter your results to a certain size:
1. &imgsz=icon (small)
2. &imgsz=small|medium|large|xlarge (medium)
3. &imgsz=xxlarge (large)
4. &imgsz=huge (large)
As you can see, using the URI, it is possible to filter the size further then you can with
the options on the advanced search page. If anybody knows what dimensions the sizes
break down to, please send Joseph Becher an email at the address at the bottom of this
page.
Adding &imgc= to the search URI lets yout filter your results to a certain color:
Add "source:life" to any Google image search and search only the LIFE photo archive.
For example: https://images.google.com/images?q=Winter+Olympics+source:life will
search the LIFE photo archive for images related to the Winter Olympics.
Who knows what other things Google can do. If you know of something not here,
please email Joseph Becher at the address below.
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